ÿWPCF {½¯eN©CצþB(×Hsk%E#¤2=Íà"ô{¢ª¨N"Pѧ ¨&Ïÿ³ôË KÔ³%%æáCd­» œ™°‹ ƒidTuýÁb %\b 0ˆjU$Nò 0D@^ „w z”Ò 4à ô  m Æ Æâ ƨ Æn #Á4 NõU@÷÷E777777777777777777777777b999999999999999999999999999999999999 0ëAAAA B,, 0¤I D5í D-" 0KOO ASšÆí 0¤³ 0DW A«›» (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó»va+â  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptyG*PóŸ3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2¦‰$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô§ ò»»Ô d(|3ÿ_$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿ_$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€%»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼%»»»ÔÑ8€[éXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îd%ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼%»îîd #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓSeptember€25,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X[éX»¼%ÔÌò òÔ#†¼%»XX[é#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€Ô_ÔELESAÔ_Ô€D.€Ô_ÔMcDANIELSÔ_ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Rhea€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€15471€€€€€€J.€Curtis€Smith,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„02790„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐNovember€1,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€was€convicted€of€aggravated€robbery€and€sentenced€to€eight€years€imprisonment.€€InÐ xÈ  Ðthis€appeal,€the€defendant€alleges€(1)€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€her€conviction,€and€(2)Ð d´ Ðthe€trial€court€erroneously€failed€to€charge€simple€robbery€as€a€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravatedÐ P  Ðrobbery.€€We€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€conviction,€and€the€defendantÐ <Œ Ðaffirmatively€acquiesced€in€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€charge€simple€robbery.€€We€affirm€theÐ (x Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð d ÐÓàÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€AffirmedÔ#†¼%»XX[é´#ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ôó óÐ ì< ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼%»àX[éþ#ÔÔ‡X[éX.¼%ÔJoe€G.€Riley,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€whichòòóóÔ#†¼%»XX[éh#ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ô€òòJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô€óóandòò€Alan€E.€Glenn,óóÐ Ä ÐJJ.,€joinedòòóóÔ#†¼%»XX[éñ#ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ô.€€Ð ° ÐÌJ.€Shannon€Garrison,€Dayton,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔElesaÔ_Ô€D.€Ô_ÔMcDanielsÔ_Ô.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Patricia€C.€Ô_ÔKussmannÔ_Ô,Ô#†¼%»XX[é© #ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ô€Assistant€AttorneyÐ `° ÐGeneral;Ô#†¼%»XX[é #ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ô€James€Michael€Taylor,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steven€H.€Strain,€Assistant€DistrictÐ L œ ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼%»XX[é #ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%Ô€Ô#†¼%»XX[éi #ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%ԀР8!ˆ  ÐÓ9ÓÌò òÌOPINIONó óÔ#†¼%»XX[é¬ #ÔÔ‡X[éX»¼%ÔÐ ü#L# ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼%»XX[é# #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X[éX»¼%Ôà@22#ìàò òTRIAL€TESTIMONYó óˆÐ Ô%$!% ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€and€Bruce€Cox€were€living€together€in€November€1999.€€The€defendant,Ð ¬'ü"' Ðaccompanied€by€Cox,€drove€to€a€location€near€Wal„Mart€on€the€evening€of€November€6,€1999,€andÐ ˜(è#( ÐCox€exited€the€vehicle.€€Ð „)Ô$) ÐÌà  àJustin€Ô_ÔCornettÔ_Ô,€a€Wal„Mart€employee,€testified€he€went€to€the€back€door€of€Wal„Mart€atÐ \+¬&+ Ðapproximately€9:00€p.m.€on€November€6òòthóó.€€He€exited€Wal„Mart€and€saw€a€man,€later€identified€asÐ H,˜', ÐCox,€crouched€under€a€trailer.€€When€Ô_ÔCornettÔ_Ô€turned€to€get€help,€Cox,€wearing€a€ski€mask€andÐ 4-„(-ýŽ ÐÔ_Ôholding€a€green€duffel€bag€and€handgun,€jumped€him.€€Cox€placed€the€gun€barrel€to€the€back€ofÐ ° ÐCornett's€head,€threatened€to€shoot€him,€and€ordered€him€inside€the€store.€€Cox€led€Cornett€atÐ œì Ðgunpoint€to€the€cash€office€in€the€back€of€the€store€and€ordered€Cornett€to€break€down€the€door.€€CoxÐ ˆØ Ðplaced€approximately€$7000€in€the€duffel€bag€and€fled.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àFrances€Smith,€a€Wal„Mart€employee,€testified€Cox€entered€the€store€with€a€gun€on€CornettððsÐ L œ Ðhead,€and€Cox€got€the€money€from€the€cash€office.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àMelissa€Roberts,€a€Wal„Mart€manager,€testified€the€defendant€was€employed€by€Wal„MartÐ  ` Ðin€May€and€June€of€1999€as€a€cashier€and€layaway€clerk.€€She€further€stated€that€layaway€was€locatedÐ ü L  Ðthree€doors€from€the€cash€office,€and€the€defendant,€as€an€employee,€would€have€knowledge€of€theÐ è 8  Ðsafeððs€location.€€Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àChris€Sneed,€a€Dayton€Police€Department€Investigator,€executed€a€search€warrant€onÐ ¬ü  ÐNovember€12,€1999,€on€the€residence€shared€by€defendant€and€Cox.€€The€search€led€to€the€recoveryÐ ˜è  Ðof€a€bag€from€inside€the€washing€machine€containing€$3700,€consisting€only€of€denominations€ofÐ „Ô  Ðone's€and€five's.€€Officers€also€seized€27€five€dollar€bills€from€the€defendant's€purse,€14€five€dollarÐ pÀ Ðbills€from€under€the€mattress,€and€several€one€and€five€dollar€bills€in€various€articles€of€clothing.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àSneed€informed€the€defendant€of€her€òòMirandaóórights€and€interviewed€her.€€The€defendantÐ 4„ Ðstated€Cox€informed€her€ð ð[a]€couple€of€months€ago€.€.€.€he€was€going€to€rob€Wal„Martðð€andÐ  p Ðmentioned€it€again€a€couple€of€days€before€the€robbery.€€She€further€stated€that€on€November€6,€1999,Ð  \ Ðshe€and€Cox€left€their€residence€to€"ride€around"€because€they€were€arguing.€€They€stopped€at€theÐ øH ÐMcDonaldððs€adjacent€to€Wal„Mart,€and€she€went€inside€for€a€drink.€€She€said€she€returned€with€herÐ ä4 Ðdrink,€and€the€defendant€was€gone.€€After€ten€minutes,€he€returned.€€The€defendant€stated€Cox€gaveÐ Ð  Ðher€$300€a€few€days€later€to€pay€bills.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àSubsequently,€the€defendant€revised€her€statement€and€admitted€discussing€the€robbery€withÐ ”ä ÐCox€on€the€night€of€the€crime.€€She€stated€Cox€informed€her€ð ðhe€was€going€to€hit€Wal„Mart€so€IÐ €Ð Ðneeded€to€take€him€to€McDonaldððs.ðð€€She€further€stated€she€did€so;€he€left€and€later€returned;€and€sheÐ l¼ Ðdrove€back€home.€€Two€days€later€Cox€brought€in€the€bag€with€approximately€$7000€in€it,€and€theyÐ X ¨ Ðcounted€it€on€the€bed.€€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àA€few€days€later,€the€defendant€informed€Sneed€some€of€the€stolen€money€was€deposited€inÐ #l! Ða€safe€deposit€box.€€Accordingly,€Sneed€arranged€for€the€defendant€to€be€transported€to€the€bank.€Ð $X" ÐThe€defendant€then€opened€the€safe€deposit€box,€which€contained€500€one€dollar€bills€and€400€fiveÐ ô$D # Ðdollar€bills.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àCox€testified€he€and€the€defendant€were€ð ðriding€aroundðð€on€November€6òòthóó€because€they€wereÐ ¸'#& Ðarguing€and€did€not€want€to€argue€at€home€in€front€of€the€children.€€Although€he€conceded€he€hadÐ ¤(ô#' Ðpreviously€threatened€to€rob€Wal„Mart,€he€said€they€did€not€discuss€it€while€driving.€€He€insisted€the€Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ h+¸&* Ðdefendant€had€no€idea€he€was€going€to€rob€Wal„Mart€that€night.€€Cox€further€stated€that€when€heÐ ° Ðreturned€to€the€vehicle€at€McDonaldððs,€he€hid€the€bag€of€money€under€his€coat€until€he€stuffed€itÐ œì Ðunder€his€seat,€and€he€merely€stated€to€the€defendant,€"let's€go,"€not€informing€her€of€the€robbery.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àCox€stated€the€defendant€first€learned€of€the€robbery€when€he€instructed€her€to€pull€theÐ `° Ðvehicle€over€in€a€rural€area€so€he€could€"throw€some€stuff"€out€of€the€car.€€At€that€point,€the€defendantÐ L œ Ðattempted€to€get€out€of€the€vehicle,€but€Cox€grabbed€her€arm€and€ordered€her€to€take€him€home.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐOnce€home,€Cox€stated€he€pushed€her€against€the€wall€and€told€her€"she€wouldn't€never€[sic]€leaveÐ $ t Ðme,€[and]€if€[he]€couldn't€have€her,€nobody€was."€€A€few€days€later,€Cox€gave€her€some€money€to€payÐ  ` Ðbills€and€instructed€her€to€put€the€$2500€in€a€safe€deposit€box.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€state€introduced€Cox's€prior€signed€statement.€€Therein,€Cox€statedÐ Ô$  Ðhe€and€the€defendant€planned€on€robbing€Wal„Mart€on€Friday,€November€5th,€but€decided€to€waitÐ À  Ðuntil€the€following€day.€€He€further€stated€the€defendant€let€him€out€in€the€north€end€of€the€shoppingÐ ¬ü  Ðcenter€parking€lot€and€then€parked€at€McDonaldððs.€€Cox€testified€he€did€not€recall€making€theÐ ˜è  Ðstatement,€and€he€described€his€weapon€as€a€"toy€cap€pistol."€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€Cox€lost€his€job€and€began€"jok[ing]"€about€robbing€Wal„Mart.€€Then,Ð \¬ Ðshe€instructed€him€not€to€do€it€when€she€realized€he€was€not€joking.€€She€testified€that€on€NovemberÐ H˜ Ð6òòthóó,€Cox€did€not€mention€his€intention€to€rob€Wal„Mart.€€She€further€stated€that€she€stopped€theÐ 4„ Ðvehicle€at€McDonaldððs€so€she€could€use€the€restroom€and€get€food.€€When€she€returned€to€theÐ  p Ðvehicle,€Cox€was€gone.€€She€stated€Cox€returned€within€three€minutes€and€merely€stated€he€had€beenÐ  \ Ðto€Wal„Mart;€she€first€learned€he€had€robbed€Wal„Mart€when€he€instructed€her€to€pull€the€vehicleÐ øH Ðover€and€threw€items€out€of€the€vehicle;€and€Cox€assaulted€her,€leaving€bruises,€and€would€not€letÐ ä4 Ðher€leave€him.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àShe€stated€when€she€was€arrested,€officers€cursed€and€yelled€at€her€and€threatened€to€send€herÐ ¨ø Ðson€to€jail;€the€statement€officers€took€from€her€was€not€accurate;€and€she€had€no€chance€to€reviewÐ ”ä Ðher€statement.€€She€admitted€that€she€was€the€person€who€washed€the€clothing€in€the€house,€but€saidÐ €Ð Ðshe€was€unaware€the€money€was€hidden€inside€the€washing€machine.€€She€further€claimed€there€wereÐ l¼ Ðonly€two€or€three€$5€bills€in€her€purse;€she€was€unaware€the€safe€was€located€in€the€back€office€ofÐ X ¨ ÐWal„Mart;€and€she€only€worked€as€a€cashier€and€not€in€layaway.€€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àKirk€McDaniels,€the€son€of€Cox€and€the€defendant,€testified€there€was€conflict€over€financesÐ #l! Ðbetween€the€defendant€and€Cox€prior€to€the€robbery.€€He€further€testified€Cox€and€the€defendant€leftÐ $X" Ðthe€residence€on€November€6òòthóó,€and€after€they€returned,€he€saw€Cox€pin€the€defendant€against€theÐ ô$D # Ðwall€and€threaten€her.€€On€cross„examination,€the€state€introduced€a€prior€statement€of€McDaniels,Ð à%0!$ Ðwhich€he€denied€making,€where€McDaniels€told€officers€that€ð ð[o]n€November€the€6th,€1999,€[Cox]Ð Ì&"% Ðpulled€me€over€and€told€me€he€was€going€to€rob€Wal„Mart€.€.€.€.ðð€€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àThe€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€aggravated€robbery€under€the€theory€of€criminalÐ )à$( Ðresponsibility€for€the€conduct€of€Cox.€€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Їà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€her€conviction€for€aggravatedÐ ˆØ Ðrobbery.€€We€respectfully€disagree.ò òÐ tÄ ÐÌA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ L œ ÐÌà  àÔ‡X[éXXX[éÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€must€review€theÐ $ t Ðrecord€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€during€the€trial€was€sufficient€"to€support€the€findingsÐ  ` Ðby€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€isÐ ü L  Ðapplicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence€or€aÐ è 8  Ðcombination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,18€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð Ô$  ÐApp.€1996).Ð À  ÐÌ€à  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€theÐ ˜è  Ðevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€itsÐ „Ô  Ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199Ð pÀ ÐTenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€To€the€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€theÐ \¬ Ðstate€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonableÐ H˜ Ðand€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€926,Ð 4„ Ð932€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð  p ÐÌà  àThe€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court,€resolves€questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,Ð øH Ðthe€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence.€Ð ä4 ÐòòId.óó€€In€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€stated,€"[a]€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approvedÐ Ð  Ðby€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€inÐ ¼  Ðfavor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."€€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌÔ#†X[éXXX[éx0#Ôò òB.€€Analysisó óÐ €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€was€convicted€based€upon€her€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€Cox.€Ð X ¨ ÐGuilt€based€upon€criminal€responsibility€is€established€when€a€person€acts€ð ðwith€intent€to€promoteÐ D!” Ðor€assist€the€commission€of€the€offense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€[and]Ð 0"€  Ðsolicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð #l! Ððð€39„11„401(2).€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€alleges€the€evidence€was€insufficient€because€the€proof€established€she€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðunaware€Cox€was€going€to€commit€the€robbery€prior€to€its€occurrence,€and€she€only€became€awareÐ Ì&"% Ðof€it€after€she€drove€him€away€from€the€crime€scene.€€Although€Cox€testified€at€trial€that€theÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant€had€no€prior€knowledge€of€the€robbery,€he€was€impeached€by€his€prior€written€statement.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐIn€Coxððs€written€statement€to€police,€Cox€stated€he€and€the€defendant€planned€to€rob€Wal„Mart€onÐ )à$( ÐFriday,€November€5òòthóó,€but€they€decided€to€wait€until€November€6òòthóó;€òòóóthe€defendant€let€him€out€in€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðnorth€end€of€the€shopping€center€parking€lot€and€then€parked€at€McDonaldððs;€and€the€defendant€droveÐ h+¸&* Ðback€home€after€he€got€back€in€the€car.€€Furthermore,€the€defendant€in€her€revised€statement€toÐ ° ÐInvestigator€Sneed€admitted€Cox€told€her€ð ðhe€was€going€to€hit€Wal„Mart€so€I€needed€to€take€him€toÐ œì ÐMcDonaldððs.ðð€€Although€she€testified€to€the€contrary€at€trial,€it€was€within€the€juryððs€prerogative€toÐ ˆØ Ðreject€her€trial€testimony.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àAdditionally,€the€defendant€contends€the€evidence€was€insufficient€because€the€evidenceÐ L œ Ðfailed€to€prove€the€property€was€ð ðtaken€from€the€person€of€Jason€Cornett,ðð€as€alleged€in€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðindictment.€€Although€the€evidence€established€the€money€was€actually€taken€by€Cox€from€the€cashÐ $ t Ðoffice€after€Cornett€broke€down€the€door,€this€is€sufficient€to€constitute€a€taking€from€the€person.€€òòóóAÐ  ` Ðtaking€ð ðin€the€presence€of€the€party€robbedðð€is€a€constructive€taking€sufficient€to€satisfy€this€elementÐ ü L  Ðof€robbery.€€òòState€v.€Edwardsóó,€868€S.W.2d€682,€700€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€€òòóóÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€guilty€finding.€€Ð À  ÐÌÌà@· · ìàò òII.€€LESSER„INCLUDED€OFFENSEó óˆÐ „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€on€the€charged€offense€of€aggravated€robbery€and€the€lesser„Ð \¬ Ðincluded€offense€of€facilitation€of€aggravated€robbery.€€The€defendant€contends€the€trial€courtÐ H˜ Ðerroneously€neglected€to€instruct€the€jury€on€simple€robbery€as€a€lesser„included€offense€ofÐ 4„ Ðaggravated€robbery.€€For€reasons€set€forth€subsequently,€we€disagree.€€Ð  p ÐÌò òA.€€òòBurnsóóó óÐ øH ÐÌò òó óÔ‡X[éXXX[éÔà  àÔ#†X[éXXX[éCE#ÔAggravated€robbery€is€distinguished€from€robbery€only€by€an€additional€showing€that€theÐ Ð  Ðrobbery€was€accomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon€or,€in€the€alternative,€by€a€showing€that€the€victimÐ ¼  Ðsuffered€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„401(a),€„402(a).€€Since€all€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðstatutory€elements€of€robbery€are€included€within€the€statutory€elements€of€aggravated€robbery,€it€isÐ ”ä Ða€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravated€robbery€under€part€(a)€of€òòBurnsóó.€€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3dÐ €Ð Ð453,€466€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àHowever,€our€analysis€does€not€conclude€there.€€As€recently€stated€by€the€Tennessee€SupremeÐ D!” ÐCourt€in€òòState€v.€Elyóó,€48€S.W.3d€710,€722€(Tenn.€2001),€determination€of€whether€a€charge€shouldÐ 0"€  Ðbe€included€in€jury€instructions€as€a€lesser„included€offense€is€a€two„part€inquiry.€€First,€it€must€beÐ #l! Ðdetermined€if€the€offense€meets€the€definition€of€a€lesser„included€offense€as€described€in€òòBurnsóó.€€òòId.óó€Ð $X" ÐSecond,€the€charge€must€be€justified€by€the€evidence.€€òòId.óó;€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€467.€€This€second€stepÐ ô$D # Ðrequires€that€we€determine€(1)€whether€there€is€evidence€that€ð ðreasonable€mindsðð€could€accept€toÐ à%0!$ Ðestablish€the€lesser„included€offense,€and€(2)€whether€the€evidence€is€ð ðlegally€sufficientðð€to€supportÐ Ì&"% Ða€conviction€for€the€lesser„included€offense.€€òòElyóó,€48€S.W.3d€at€722;òòóó€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€469.€€TheÐ ¸'#& Ðevidence€must€be€viewed€liberally€in€a€light€favoring€the€existence€of€the€lesser„included€offenseÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwithout€making€any€judgments€as€to€credibility€of€the€evidence.€€òòBurnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€at€469.€€Ð )à$( ÐÌò òÐ h+¸&* ÐB.€€Basis€for€Chargeó óÐ ° ÐÌà  àCox€testified€the€gun€he€used€during€the€incident€was€a€ð ðtoy€cap€pistol.ðð€€However,€even€ifÐ ˆØ Ðthe€gun€was€a€toy,€the€robbery€is€still€aggravated€provided€the€victim€was€led€to€reasonably€believeÐ tÄ Ðit€was€a€deadly€weapon.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„402(a)(1)€(aggravated€robbery€accomplishedÐ `° Ðby€display€of€any€article€used€or€fashioned€to€lead€the€victim€to€reasonably€believe€it€to€be€a€deadlyÐ L œ Ðweapon).€€There€is€no€indication€in€the€record€that€the€Wal„Mart€employees€thought€the€gun€was€aÐ 8 ˆ Ðtoy.€€Nevertheless,€the€defendant€argues€that€Coxððs€testimony€was€sufficient€to€present€an€issue€forÐ $ t Ðthe€jury€under€òòBurnsóó.€€Regardless,€we€need€not€determine€the€issue€on€this€basis.€€Ð  ` ÐÌò òC.€€Waiveró óÐ è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€discussed€the€jury€charge€with€counsel€prior€to€argument.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.Ð À  ÐP.€30(a).€€The€trial€court€informed€counsel€of€its€intention€to€charge€aggravated€robbery€and€theÐ ¬ü  Ðlesser„included€offense€of€facilitation€of€aggravated€robbery.€€The€trial€court€stated€it€saw€no€reasonÐ ˜è  Ðto€instruct€on€simple€robbery€and€noted€that€even€ð ða€toy€weapon€according€to€Mr.€Coxððs€testimonyððÐ „Ô  Ðwould€still€be€considered€a€deadly€weapon€under€the€evidence.€€The€trial€court€then€said,€ð ð[t]he€stateÐ pÀ Ðindicates€to€me€that€they€think€that€is€appropriate,€and€Mr.€Garrison€[defense€counsel]€says€he€thinksÐ \¬ Ðthatððs€appropriate€so€any€other€comments€on€the€record€for€the€state?ðð€€Defense€counsel€voiced€noÐ H˜ Ðobjection€and€made€no€request€for€an€instruction€on€simple€robbery.€€Furthermore,€after€the€juryÐ 4„ Ðcharge€and€after€being€asked€by€the€trial€court€if€there€were€any€ð ðrequests€or€objections,ðð€defenseÐ  p Ðcounsel€responded,€ð ðNo,€sir.ðð€€The€failure€of€the€trial€court€to€charge€simple€robbery€was€first€raisedÐ  \ Ðin€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àWe€recognize€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„18„110(a)€requires€a€trial€court€to€charge€all€lesser„Ð Ð  Ðincluded€offenses€even€ð ðwithout€any€request€on€the€part€of€the€defense€to€do€so.ðð€€Thus,€theÐ ¼  Ðrequirement€to€charge€lesser„included€offenses€is€not€contingent€upon€a€request€by€the€defendant€toÐ ¨ø Ðdo€so.€€òòState€v.€Smileyóó,€38€S.W.3d€521,€524€(Tenn.€2001).€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àNevertheless,€our€appellate€courts€have€consistently€recognized€that€a€party€cannot€takeÐ l¼ Ðadvantage€of€errors€which€he€or€she€committed,€invited€or€induced€the€trial€court€to€commit.€€òòAdkinsÐ X ¨ Ðv.€Stateóó,€911€S.W.2d€334,€346€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€òòState€v.€Banesóó,€874€S.W.2d€73,€82€(Tenn.Ð D!” ÐCrim.€App.€1993).€€In€discussing€the€failure€of€a€defendant€to€object€to€a€mistrial,€our€supreme€courtÐ 0"€  Ðstated:Ð #l! ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àObviously,€the€rationale€for€requiring€an€objection€to€a€mistake€is€thatÐ ô$D # Ðit€gives€the€trial€judge€an€opportunity€to€cure€a€situation€that€one€orÐ à%0!$ Ðboth€parties€perceive€to€be€in€error.€€A€party€ought€not€be€permittedÐ Ì&"% Ðto€stand€silently€by€while€the€trial€court€commits€an€error€inÐ ¸'#& Ðprocedure,€and€then€later€rely€on€that€error€when€it€is€to€his€advantageÐ ¤(ô#' Ðto€do€so.€€Ð)à$(` x` x ÐÌÓÓòòState€v.€Mounceóó,€859€S.W.2d€319,€323€(Tenn.€1993).€€Ð h+¸&* ЇÓÓà  àAlthough€we€do€not€know€the€motivation€of€the€defendant€or€her€counsel€in€this€case,€we€doÐ ° Ðrecognize€that€a€defendant€could€theoretically€ð ðsandbagðð€the€trial€court€by€intentionally€notÐ œì Ðrequesting€a€lesser„included€offense€and€then€raise€the€issue€for€the€first€time€in€a€motion€for€newÐ ˆØ Ðtrial.€€We€do€know€in€this€case€that€defendant€affirmatively€acquiesced€in€the€failure€to€charge€simpleÐ tÄ Ðrobbery€as€a€lesser„included€offense.€€She€then€took€an€inconsistent€position€in€her€motion€for€newÐ `° Ðtrial€and€in€this€court.€€Ordinarily,€relief€should€not€be€afforded€to€a€party€who€is€responsible€for,€orÐ L œ Ðfails€to€take€action€to€prevent,€an€error.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).€€Thus,€the€issue€is€waived.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àWe€further€conclude€the€plain€error€doctrine€should€not€apply€in€this€case.€€This€courtÐ  ` Ðconsiders€five€factors€in€making€this€determination:€Ð ü L  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àð ð(a)€the€record€must€clearly€establish€what€occurred€in€the€trial€court;Ð Ô$  Ð(b)€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€must€have€been€breached;€(c)Ð À  Ða€substantial€right€of€the€accused€must€have€been€adversely€affected;Ð ¬ü  Ð(d)€the€accused€did€not€waive€the€issue€for€tactical€reasons;€and€(e)Ð ˜è  Ðconsideration€of€the€error€is€ððnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ðððð€€Ð„Ô ` x` x ÐÌòòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€282€(Tenn.€2000)€(adopting€and€quoting€from€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899Ð \¬ ÐS.W.2d€626,€641„42€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)).€€The€plain€error€doctrine€is€inapplicable€when€thereÐ H˜ Ðis€a€deliberate€choice€to€waive€an€objection.€€òòIdóó.€at€283.€€Otherwise,€defense€counsel€would€beÐ 4„ Ðencouraged€to€ð ðgamble€for€a€favorable€verdict,€and€should€the€verdict€be€unfavorable,€resort€toÐ  p Ðappeal€on€errors€which€might€have€been€obviated€on€objection.ðð€€òòIdóó.€(citing€òòUnited€States€v.Ð  \ ÐCampbellóó,€419€F.2d€1144,€1145€(5òòthóó€Cir.€1969)).€€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àThis€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ð Ð  Ðò òÌÌà@FF%ìàCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ ”ä ÐÌà  àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€à  à€Ð l¼ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð #l! Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE