ÿWPC, CJÁ+Ì"€Á/Ú4º#Hß]€˜/™µHÚ7]ßÑr"‘TÚöòjeEí7=ˆ‰6€3¹2¹E ln:#Äf4J^(v½*Í(í2½¼ îû;¤?{VúlaJ#Rþ4dMÒnµ¬¬ZŽãEÀ×¢­¯–dש,¾‘•)ŒÄÂä§ð'W FFùfÚ‘¼žÉì[À+ ‡Ýøêè1[L9E@¨[qvFÓ®Ä$ê®§&,VÄ<1 )FJ“1k€Ë¯™ e=—*àC0ïtÎEÃ;D]@ªI¹.zõ2œ8Ælö È-1?o]¸ƒ·¥Ï9[¥ûÆ]1gQž‘ø$ŒÎFìô]/‘ù3©ârÎÑ#4Žˆ[Ȳ®ÓB="J÷°ݘ[ñ 8¿¢D¼˜£¶yפ˜þÇ&ÃôGGe.õe§}mcLèó5EÊÑ*ñú”ýoTùx¬éŠ*Oœ¬€u‡*€ŒÁÃl%‚ŠHPæt6©s4(ßAR-ã§ßù¾{`P:¼TÁºz苞†ÿCtMì…ËüTqBÊgCÖÅ5sYssEZÐ]Ýy¾œxiäœ5¥¾Î¢înò¬Èôëq ¦´Æ‰ó—³¯p`y:}KöP‡GfW®H.¿W#ÉÂUN‹ %Ù 0:ß UN 1‡g 1uî 72c ^ • w¡ 4¥ ¹ È mÊ bá 0~é 0Dg N« Ú­ U @‡‡FÇÇÇÇÇÇE                                                           B˜\\IB01S08\KNOXCLERK4ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(5hCEKQW]cioAutoList1I.I.I.I.I.I.I.I.3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)Á¬c/Ï óbï.ÄSQ)ê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ- ù-(.(3Ä($¤¤Ý ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó McGHEE P.J.TiptonFindleyg]rabbedJarrodScarbrough InaTaterbugByrge CrimLiakasAlichiaFriasSaucemanClapp S.W.GartonSherrillMarableDuchacHaileySummerallBachtelGilliam(ÆúI Z‹(Times New Roman  <Ñ e ÑÑ#€Xÿÿd#ÑÑ € Ñ dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ‡¼· »XXÔÔ€¼· »»¼· ÔÑ€å·Ñà@ttìàÔ#†XäðX»¼· =#ÔÔ‡îK4îXXäðÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†XäðXîîK4Á#ÔÔ‡¼· »XXäðԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€22,€2003Ð üL ÐÔ#†XäðX»¼· d#ÔÌò òÔ‡¼· »XXäðÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóJACKIE€LEE€McGHEEÔ#†XäðX»¼· #Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Anderson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€AOCR116B€€€€€€James€B.€Scott,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„02318„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐNovember€3,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Jackie€Lee€McGhee,€was€convicted€of€aggravated€robbery.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ xÈ  Ð39„13„402(a)(1).òòóó€€The€trial€court€imposed€a€Range€I€sentence€of€eight€years.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,Ð d´ Ðthe€defendant€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction€€€The€judgment€isÐ P  Ðaffirmed.Ð <Œ ÐÓ ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoseph€M.€Tiptonóó€and€òòNormaÐ ì< ÐMcGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ø( ÐÌRoger€A.€Miller,€Clinton,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€Kevin€Angel,€Oak€Ridge,€Tennessee€(at€trial);€andÐ ° ÐRandall€Crossing,€Jefferson€City,€Tennessee€(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Jackie€Lee€McGhee.Ð œì ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€David€H.€Findley,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€andÐ tÄ ÐJan€Hicks,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð `° ÐÔ‡XäðXXXäðÔÌÔ#†XäðXXXäð( #ÔÌà@66'ìàò òOPINIONó óˆÐ $"t! ÐòòóóÌà  àAt€approximately€10:00€P.M.€on€March€12,€2000,€two€men€wearing€ski€masks€entered€theÐ ü#L# ÐMarlowe€community€residence€of€the€victim,€James€Taylor,€through€an€unlocked€back€door.€€TheÐ è$8 $ Ðlarger€of€the€two€men€held€a€shotgun€and€ordered€the€victim€to€the€floor.€€The€victim's€hands€and€feetÐ Ô%$!% Ðwere€bound€with€electrical€wire€and€thirteen€hundred€eighty€dollars,€mostly€in€hundred€dollar€bills,Ð À&"& Ðwas€taken€from€his€wallet.€€The€shorter€of€the€two€men€then€removed€sixty€dollars€in€rolled€quartersÐ ¬'ü"' Ðfrom€a€cabinet€drawer€in€the€victim's€living€room.€Ð ˜(è#( ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€the€sixty„seven„year„old€victim,€who€typically€cashed€his€retirement€and€socialÐ p*À%* Ðsecurity€benefit€checks€rather€than€using€a€bank€account,€testified€that€two€men€entered€the€back€doorÐ \+¬&+ Ðof€his€residence.€€He€estimated€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðabout€the€same€sizeðð€as€the€shorter€individualÐ H,˜', Ðwho€had€ð ðused€some€electrical€wireðð€and€ð ðtied€me€up.ðð€€The€victim,€who€lived€alone,€recalled€thatÐ 4-„(- ÐÑå·Ñâ âÑe°ÑÑ8€äðXXdìdÈ8ÑÑ€Ñâ âÑ  ÑÔ_Ôthe€car€the€robbers€drove€had€loud€mufflers.€€Before€leaving,€the€shorter€of€the€two€men€offered€toÐ ° Ðtelephone€someone€to€untie€the€victim.€€When€the€robbers€left,€the€victim€freed€himself,€"[g]rabbedÐ œì Ða€pistol€and€ran€out€the€door,"€hoping€to€stop€the€two€men.€€He€asked€a€neighbor€to€contact€the€police,Ð ˆØ Ðdrove€after€the€vehicle€used€in€the€robbery,€and€apprehended€its€driver,€Jarrod€Copeland.€€He€pointedÐ tÄ Ðout€that€Jimmy€Buck,€who€was€also€convicted€of€the€same€offense,€was€the€same€height€as€the€tallerÐ `° Ðof€the€two€robbers.€€Officer€Jeff€Gilliam,€who€was€dispatched€to€the€scene€of€the€robbery,€arrestedÐ L œ ÐCopeland.€€Detective€Penny€Baker,€Chief€of€the€Detective€Division€with€the€Anderson€CountyÐ 8 ˆ ÐSheriff's€Department,€testified€that€some€two€weeks€after€the€robbery€the€victim€had€discovered€ð ðnearÐ $ t Ðthe€roadðð€a€sawed„off€shotgun€similar€to€the€one€used€in€the€robbery.€€The€barrel€to€the€gun€had€beenÐ  ` Ðpreviously€found€at€the€Copeland€residence.€€Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àJarrod€Copeland€made€a€statement€to€the€police.€€He€claimed€that€on€March€12,€2000,€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€and€Buck€were€at€his€residence€planning€to€rob€the€victim.€Copeland€stated€that€theÐ À  Ðdefendant€had€entered€his€bedroom€and€taken€a€shotgun€that€had€been€"shortened"€the€night€before.€Ð ¬ü  ÐCopeland€recalled€that€he€drove€his€wife's€Isuzu€to€the€victim's€residence€after€being€promised€by€theÐ ˜è  Ðothers€that€the€proceeds€of€the€robbery€would€be€divided€three€ways.€€Copeland€stated€that€becauseÐ „Ô  Ðhe€was€unfamiliar€with€the€location€of€the€victim's€residence,€it€was€necessary€for€the€defendant€toÐ pÀ Ðprovide€directions€from€the€back€seat.€€According€to€Copeland,€the€defendant€and€Buck€had€ð ðdarkÐ \¬ Ð.€.€.€ski€masks€onðð€when€they€left€the€vehicle.€€Copeland€told€police€he€ð ðdrove€around€for€about€15Ð H˜ Ðminutesðð€then€ð ðI€went€back€down€there€and€I€didnððt€see€them€so€I€left.ðð€€By€the€time€of€trial,Ð 4„ ÐCopeland€had€pled€guilty€to€robbery.Ð  p ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€Nicole€Copeland,€the€wife€of€Jarrod€Copeland,€testified€that€just€before€the€robbery,Ð øH Ðshe€overheard€a€conversation€at€her€residence€between€the€defendant,€Buck,€and€her€husband.€Ð ä4 ÐAccording€to€Ms.€Copeland,€the€three€men€discussed€whether€ð ðthey€was€gonna€do€this€or€whatððÐ Ð  Ðinvolving€ð ðTaterbug,ðð€the€nickname€of€the€victim.€€She€was€able€to€identify€a€photograph€taken€byÐ ¼  Ðpolice€of€the€car€the€three€men€occupied€when€they€left€the€residence.€€She€also€identified€herÐ ¨ø Ðhusband's€shotgun,€which€had€a€shortened€barrel.€€Timothy€Jenkins,€Buck's€cousin,€testified€that€heÐ ”ä Ðhad€seen€Buck€and€the€defendant€at€the€Copeland€residence€on€the€day€of€the€robbery.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€claimed€that€he€did€not€participate€in€the€robbery.€€He€testified€that€CopelandÐ X ¨ Ðwas€motivated€to€lie€because€of€a€dispute€about€marijuana€plants.€€The€defendant€contended€that€atÐ D!” Ðthe€time€of€the€offense,€he€was€at€the€residence€of€William€Cash€Pate€and€Linda€Jean€Pate,€hisÐ 0"€  Ðgirlfriendððs€aunt€and€uncle,€picking€ð ða€few€flowersðð€for€his€girlfriend.€€Ms.€Pate€recalled€that€theÐ #l! Ðdefendant€was€at€her€residence€overnight€on€a€weekend€in€mid„March€of€2000.€€She€believed€the€dayÐ $X" Ðwas€a€Sunday.€€William€Pate€testified€that€he€was€"pretty€sure"€the€defendant€had€stayed€at€hisÐ ô$D # Ðresidence€on€a€Sunday€night€in€March.€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àIn€this€appeal,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction.€Ð ¸'#& ÐSpecifically,€he€complains€that€the€state€relied€on€the€uncorroborated€testimony€of€his€accomplice,Ð ¤(ô#' ÐJarrod€Copeland,€as€evidence€that€he€participated€in€the€robbery.€€Ð )à$( ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€andÐ h+¸&* Ðall€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€853Ð T,¤'+ Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€theÐ ° Ðreconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòByrge€v.Ð œì ÐStateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÐ ˆØ Ðchallenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÐ tÄ Ðto€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€aÐ `° Ðreasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€Ð L œ ÐQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€wellÐ 8 ˆ Ðas€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.Ð $ t Ð298,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocenceÐ  ` Ðand€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€thatÐ ü L  Ðthe€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustain€a€guilty€verdict.€€òòò òó óState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191Ð è 8  Ð(Tenn.€1992).Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àIt€is€well€settled€that€a€defendant€cannot€be€convicted€solely€upon€the€uncorroboratedÐ ¬ü  Ðtestimony€of€an€accomplice.€€An€accomplice€has€traditionally€been€defined€as€one€who€knowingly,Ð ˜è  Ðvoluntarily,€and€with€common€intent€with€the€principal€offender,€joins€in€the€commission€of€a€crime.€Ð „Ô  ÐòòClapp€v.€Stateóó,€94€Tenn.€186,€30€S.W.€214,€216€(1895).€€Only€slight€circumstances€are€required€toÐ pÀ Ðfurnish€sufficient€corroboration.€€Those€circumstances€must,€however,€be€entirely€independent€of€theÐ \¬ Ðaccomplice's€testimony€and€lead€to€an€inference€that€not€only€has€a€crime€been€committed€but€alsoÐ H˜ Ðthat€the€defendant€is€implicated€in€that€crime.€€òòGarton€v.€Stateóó,€206€Tenn.€79,€332€S.W.2d€169,€175Ð 4„ Ð(1959).€€Whether€a€witness's€testimony€has€been€sufficiently€corroborated€is€a€function€entrusted€toÐ  p Ðthe€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSherrill€v.€Stateóó,€204€Tenn.€427,€434,€321€S.W.2d€811€(1959);€òòStanleyÐ  \ Ðv.€Stateóó,€189€Tenn.€110,€222€S.W.2d€384,€386€(1949).Ð øH ÐÌà  àFurther,€a€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€by€circumstantial€evidence.€Ð Ð  ÐòòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237,€241€(Tenn.€1973);€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€203€Tenn.€440,€313€S.W.2dÐ ¼  Ð451,€456„58€(1958);€òòState€v.€Haileyóó,€658€S.W.2d€547,€552€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€The€facts€andÐ ¨ø Ðcircumstances€must€"be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonable€hypothesis€saveÐ ”ä Ðthe€guilt€of€the€defendant."€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€478,€470€S.W.2d€610,€612€(1971).€€TheÐ €Ð Ðweight€of€the€circumstantial€evidence€is€for€the€jury€to€determine.€€òòWilliams€v.€Stateóó,€520€S.W.2dÐ l¼ Ð371,€374€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1974)€(citing€òòPatterson€v.€Stateóó,€4€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€657,€475€S.W.2dÐ X ¨ Ð201€(1971)).€€The€same€standard€of€review€for€sufficiency€claims€is€applicable€to€guilt€based€uponÐ D!” Ðdirect€as€well€as€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977);Ð 0"€  ÐòòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€208€Tenn.€75,€343€S.W.2d€895,€897€(1971)òòóó.€€The€court€may€not€substitute€itsÐ #l! Ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€in€circumstantial€evidence€cases.€€òòLiakasóó,€286€S.W.2dÐ $X" Ðat€859;€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àIn€order€to€support€a€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery,€the€state€must€prove€that€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€committed€a€robbery€"with€a€deadly€weapon€or€by€display€of€any€article€used€or€fashionedÐ ¸'#& Ðto€lead€the€victim€to€reasonably€believe€it€to€be€a€deadly€weapon."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„Ð ¤(ô#' Ð402(a)(1).€€Robbery€is€defined€as€"the€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€the€person€ofÐ )à$( Ðanother€by€violence€or€by€putting€the€person€in€fear."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„401(a).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÌà  àHere,€Copeland,€an€accomplice,€testified€that€the€defendant€planned€for€and€participated€inÐ T,¤'+ Ðthe€robbery.€€According€to€Copeland,€Buck€and€the€defendant€decided€€"that€one€of€them€was€goingÐ ° Ðto€have€the€gun€and€the€other€was€going€to€tie€him€up."€€Nicole€Copeland€overheard€some€of€theÐ œì Ðdiscussions€among€the€three€men€and€knew€they€left€together€in€her€vehicle.€€Timothy€Jenkins€hadÐ ˆØ Ðalso€seen€Buck€and€the€defendant€at€the€Copeland€residence€that€day.€€Further,€the€victim€testifiedÐ tÄ Ðthat€"the€smaller€man€.€.€.€came€in"€through€an€unlocked€back€door€and,€at€trial,€was€able€to€point€outÐ `° Ðthat€the€defendant€was€"the€same€size"€as€the€individual€who€had€bound€his€hands€and€feet,€hadÐ L œ Ðremoved€his€wallet€from€his€jeans,€and€had€taken€the€sixty€dollars€in€rolled€quarters€from€the€victim'sÐ 8 ˆ Ðliving€room.€€He€recognized€the€car€Copeland€drove€because€of€the€loud€mufflers€he€had€heard€beforeÐ $ t Ðthe€two€robbers€entered€a€back€door€of€his€residence.€€òòóóÐ  ` ÐÌà  àCorroboration€of€an€accomplice's€testimony€need€only€be€slight.€€Here,€the€corroborativeÐ è 8  Ðtestimony€of€Ms.€Copeland,€the€victim,€and€others€met€that€standard.€€Additionally,€the€juryÐ Ô$  Ðaccredited€the€testimony€of€the€state's€witnesses€and€resolved€inconsistencies€in€the€proof€in€favorÐ À  Ðof€the€state,€as€was€its€prerogative.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Summerallóó,€926€S.W.2d€272,€275€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ¬ü  Ð1995).€€In€our€view,€the€evidence,€direct€and€circumstantial,€was€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€factÐ ˜è  Ðto€have€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€committed€the€crime.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð \¬ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð  \ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE