ÿWPCp! c¾ˆ,xÏtDâsÊ&wò¾‚ß­™v;¿Úi/«vjñ¢–EkÛy¾)Ì笣±Íàr æp%õÒùy5æXaù\X­1ã_j7žuÊUŽGôìº5CâîÛO÷­ø¯¢XI¸»,­];æd¤óµB¦T¸¾Ïþ6‹/É/RfUµYƒk¦´n¢ `E*>Q_nH%ÐÏà£×TP39qÃÞ2 ÖB’ rÌuuF¨qhßE¯ÇÑÆì¢ºØFLqË%6Õ7øä¦n°†½Û–”¹×C5_ ÜU®•®‘<¥ÕdÝ—Uí"uDz€vMÜ\È5ìÜ\(^P=n[. Ì‘¯°| õÆs“«šD(wÁW0õ]J`BMÈ%mmuÉï§c0•8©ûa³X½ÛZÇnn‰ñO(¹#¶’éDÐ÷Çú@2XX48¬7±òph÷I9FÚ@~”ý)m¬ç¡ù´ð›]G ˆ ”Úc2ñDk‰Ûp•®¹HàÜÎÒ©|hÃ5±oU;8]¿ç’vöLâB€¡ŒÁ¿ò²æ.í!ÁÀ:çÄ"‰=^d£ö®Ôîd,µªƒ´LŽ«ÆÊ¥ËD^­ìcù´²ë5|µg´ê&©í53# ÊUNÕ %# 0()LQ4U:Ñw@ 4K_U:nѨ 0 ly 0 Då U:) (c U:‹ cÅ å(U: GU:eU:ŸBÙåU:»:Lõ 1mA 0c® B.D¢bU:Ñ>U:"IU:k AQ¥Æö 0D¼ 0D 0DD D/ˆ· B¿'Ü D3!U:6!˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLàÏ(ÈhH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT *Ò°ÒÔ€XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àThe€defendant€does€not€contend€that€the€indictment€failed€to€allegeÐ ° Ða€culpable€mental€state€for€the€offense€of€aggravated€burglaryor€criminalÏtrespass.€€,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular ‘D’D“”•–—<e˜Ó€:M+% 3|x£, øð AZ"Arial Regular ÇÒ°ÒÔ€XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àThe€detective€did€not€tape€record€the€interview,€and,€when€theÐ ° Ðdetective€asked€the€defendant€to€make€a€statement€in€writing,€the€defendantððsÏfather,€who€was€present€throughout,€declined€and€asked€for€a€lawyer.€€At€trial€theÏdetectiveððs€oral€testimony€placed€the€defendantððs€statement€before€the€jury.€€((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó, øð AZ"Arial Regular Ò°ÒÔ€X&XXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àSteckley,€who€was€three€years€older€than€McGuire,€was€indictedÐ ° Ðseparately.€€He€pleaded€guilty€to€rape€and€received€a€sentence€of€eleven€years., øð AZ"Arial Regular YÒ°ÒÔ€ X&XXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àIn€the€indictment,€the€victimððs€first€name€is€spelled€ð ðLorriane.ðð€€AtÐ ° Ðother€places€in€the€record€it€is€spelled€ð ðLorraine.ðð€€We€have€followed€the€grandÏjuryððs€spelling€in€this€opinion. ÛÒ°ÒÔ€XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àAccording€to€the€defendantððs€testimony,€his€grandmother€was€out€ofÐ ° Ðtown., øð AZ"Arial Regular Ò°ÒÔ€XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àWe€note€that€the€defendantððs€brief€in€this€case€was€filed€threeÐ ° Ðmonths€before€the€supreme€court€filed€its€decision€in€òòHillóó., øð AZ"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial RegularC:\WPWIN60\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT ÛÒ°ÒÔ€XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àThe€defendant€was€the€only€witness€who€testified€at€the€sentencingÐ ° Ðhearing., øð AZ"Arial Regular ±Ò°ÒÔ€ XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àWe€recognize€that€in€1989,€the€legislature€passed€Tennessee€CodeÐ ° ÐAnnotated€section€39„11„401€which€defines€the€criminal€responsibility€of€oneÏparty€for€the€acts€of€another.€€The€Sentencing€Commission€comments€to€thisÏsection€explain€that€the€statute€is€a€restatement€of€the€principles€of€TennesseeÏcommon€law€concerning€the€liability€of€principals,€accessories€before€the€fact,Ïand€aiders€and€abettors.€€In€òòState€v.€Carsonóó,€950€S.W.2d€951€(Tenn.€1997),€ourÐ ` ° Ðsupreme€court€held€that€the€legislature€intended€to€embrace€the€common€lawÏprinciples€governing€aiders€and€abettors€in€the€new€statute.€€950€S.W.2d€at€955„¼956.€€Therefore,€we€rely€upon€the€common€law€definition€of€aiding€and€abettingÏas€developed€in€Tennessee€case€law€prior€to€the€1989€revision€of€the€criminalÏcode.C:\OFFICE\WPWIN\TEMPLATE\STANDARD.WPT#>e37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)(;³Ã$´´Ô2>eÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à d Ñ ° Ñ Ò°ÒÔ€#XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àWe€note€that€the€defendantððs€brief€in€this€case€was€filed€threeÐ ° Ðmonths€before€the€supreme€court€filed€its€decision€in€òòHillóó. ˜Ò°ÒÔ€ XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àòòBut€seeóó€òòDozieróó,€concurring€opinion€by€Tipton,€J.€at€1€(historicallyÐ ° Ðthree€requirements€for€aiding€and€abetting€in€Tennessee€are€(1)€presence,€(2)Ïintent€that€the€crime€be€committed,€(3)€participation,€procurement,€assistance,Ïpromotion€of€the€offense)., øð AZ"Arial Regular ÇÒ°ÒÔ€%XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àThe€detective€did€not€tape€record€the€interview,€and,€when€theÐ ° Ðdetective€asked€the€defendant€to€make€a€statement€in€writing,€the€defendantððsÏfather,€who€was€present€throughout,€declined€and€asked€for€a€lawyer.€€At€trial€theÏdetectiveððs€oral€testimony€placed€the€defendantððs€statement€before€the€jury.€€, øð AZ"Arial Regular Ò°ÒÔ€'XFXXXÔÝ ƒ üÝÿÝà ` àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ýà ¸ àWe€note€that€the€defendantððs€brief€in€this€case€was€filed€threeÐ ° Ðmonths€before€the€our€supreme€court€filed€its€decision€in€òòHillóó., øð AZ"Arial Regular)*+,-Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó//'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd Ý ƒ*¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€2X/ÍXXXÔÔ€2ú;X2X/ÍÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€2X/ÍX2ú;ÔÐ  ÐÌò òOctober€2,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€2ôµšôX2X/ÍÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó'ÿÿdxd,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ñ›ñ—ñÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ X&XXXÔÑ7€,ëXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñò òñ˜ñœßr€(01<,(j 8` `€€@Eȱ` ttx$°ð Õrß›ñ˜ñà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° ÐÌ€à@::'àAT€KNOXVILLEˆÐ à Ðó óÌò òà@HH%àMAY,€1998€SESSIONó óˆÐ pÀ ÐÌÌÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à h àà À àó ó)à  àNo.€03C01„9705„CC„00191Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ P  Ðà ` àAppelleeà  àà h àà À à)à  àÐ ð@  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àSevier€CountyÐ à0  Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àà p àÐ Ð  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  àHonorable€Rex€Henry€Ogle,€JudgeÐ À Ðò òCECIL€EUGENE€McGUIRE,ó óà À à)Ð ° Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à)à  à(Aggravated€Sexual€Battery,€ñ—ñœñ—ñAggravatedñ—ñ›ñ—ñ€Ð  ð Ðà ` àAppellant.à  àà h àà À à)à  àñ—ñœñ—ñCriminal€Trespass)ñ—ñ›ñ—ñÐ à Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð P  ÐÌDENNIS€CAMPBELLà h àà À àà  àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ 0€ ÐAssistant€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ  p Ð140€A€Court€Ave.ÌSevierville,€TN€37862à h àà À àà  àMICHAEL€J.€FAHEYà x àÐ P Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà Ð àÐ ð@ Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à425€Fifth€Ave.€NorthÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à2d€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€Bldg.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à x àÐ °"  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALFRED€C.€SCHMUTZER,€JR.Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSTEVEN€R.€HAWKINSÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à125€Court€Ave.,€Suite€301Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àSevierville,€TN€37862ÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIEDó óÐ À0,/ ÐÌÌCURWOOD€WITT€ÌJUDGEÌÌÌÐ  P7 26S ÐÑÀ°Ññ—ñœñ—ñÑ€ OaÑñ—ñ›ñ—ñà@qq*àò òOPINIONÓÓÓlX°X°` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXlÓó óˆÐ ° ÐÔ‡X/ÍXX X&ÔÌà ¸ àThe€Sevier€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€€sixteen„year€old€CecilÏEugene€McGuire€for€aggravated€rape,€aggravated€sexual€battery,€andÏaggravated€burglary.€€After€a€trial,€the€jury€acquitted€the€defendant€of€aggravatedÏrape€and€aggravated€burglary€but€found€him€guilty€of€aggravated€sexual€batteryÏand€ñ—ñœñ—ñaggravated€criminalñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€trespass,€a€lesser€ñ—ñœñ—ñgradeñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€offense€of€aggravated€burglary.€ÏÔ#† X&XXX/ÍI#ÔÔ‡X/ÍXX X&ÔThe€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€serve€eleven€years€in€the€custody€of€theÐ X¨  ÐDepartment€of€Correction€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€for€the€Class€B€felony,Ïconcurrently€with€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€the€Class€AÏmisdemeanor.€€Pursuant€to€Rule€3€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€AppellateÏProcedure,€the€defendant€presents€the€following€issues:ÌÓÓà ¸ à1.à8  àWhether€the€indictments€are€fatally€defective€andÐ T¤ Ðthereby€deprive€the€trial€court€of€jurisdiction€in€thisÏcase.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌà ¸ à2.à8  àWhether€the€evidence€as€a€matter€of€law€wasÐ ì< Ðinsufficient€to€support€the€convictions.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌà ¸ à3.à8  àWhether€the€trial€court€improperly€credited€andÐ ž î Ðweighed€the€enhancement€factors€and€imposed€anÏexcessive€sentence.Ð Ð Ð  ÐÌÌÓÓà ¸ àAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record€and€the€applicable€law,€we€findÏno€error€warranting€reversal€of€the€defendantððs€ñ—ñœñ—ñconvictions.ñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€€We€ñ—ñœñ—ñaffirmñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€theÏñ—ñœñ—ñconvictions,€but€for€reasons€explained€below,€we€modify€the€felony€sentenceÏfrom€eleven€years€to€ten€years.ñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñÌÌà ¸ àÔ#† X&XXX/ÍN#ÔThe€defendantððs€convictions€arose€out€of€an€incident€involving€theÐ .h). Ðdefendant,€known€as€ð ðLittle€Gene,ðð€his€co„defendant,€Randy€Steckley,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€known€asÐ ø/H+0 Ðð ðCash,ðð€and€Lorriane€Toth,׃p×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€the€victim.€€€In€May€of€1995,€Lorriane€Toth€lived€in€theÐ Ø1(-2 Ðñ˜ñÑ OaÑѰÀÑÑ  Ññ˜ññ—ñÑ OaÑѰÀÑÑ  Ñœñ—ñRidgewoodñ—ñ›ñ—ñ€Apartments€in€Pigeon€Forge€with€her€two€teen„age€daughters.€€TheÐ ¸3/4 ÐÑ OaÑѰÀÑÑ  Ññ˜ñÑ OaÑѰÀÑÑ  ÑÑ OaÑѰÀÑÑ  ÑÑ OaÑÑ ° ÑÑ  Ññ˜ñdefendantððs€grandmother€and€his€uncle,€Mickey€McGuire,€lived€in€a€nearbyÏapartment.€€Mickey€McGuire€employed€both€the€defendant€and€the€co„defendant.€ÏAfter€work€on€May€17,€the€three€went€to€McGuireððs€apartment.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€A€neighborÐ P   Ðnamed€Rod€joined€them,€and€the€adults€purchased€beer.€€Everyone,€includingÏthe€defendant€began€to€drink.€€When€the€beer€was€exhausted,€someone€wouldÏleave€to€buy€a€new€supply.€€Randy€Steckley€brought€some€marijuana€which€he,Ïthe€defendant,€and€others€smoked.€€ÌÌà ¸ àAt€some€point€during€the€evening,€Rodððs€wife,€Lori,€invited€herÏfriend,€Lorriane€Toth,€to€come€to€the€ð ðsocial€get„together.ðð€€€Ms.€Toth€had€brokenÏher€hip€two€months€earlier€and€was€unable€to€walk€without€a€walker€or€crutches.€ÏThe€doctor€had€prescribed€Tylenol€with€codeine€for€pain€and€Xanax€forÏdepression.€€She€had€been€drinking€beer€before€she€arrived€at€the€party€and€sheÏcontinued€to€consume€beer€throughout€the€evening.€€Ms.€Toth€knew€theÏdefendant€from€his€previous€visits€to€his€grandmotherððs€apartment,€but€she€didÏnot€talk€with€him€much€during€the€evening.€€She€spoke€to€Steckley€at€least€onceÏwhen€she€told€him€that€he€had€nice€teeth.€€She€also€testified€that€Steckley€cameÏover€and€grabbed€her€breast€but€that€she€hit€him€and€told€him€to€get€away€fromÏher.€€Shortly€after€midnight,€Ms.€Toth€decided€to€go€home€to€bed.€€Her€fourteen„Ïyear€old€daughter,€Amber,€went€to€her€bedroom€to€go€to€bed.€€Ms.€Toth€left€herÏfront€door€unlocked€because€Paige,€her€younger€daughter,€had€gone€to€LoriððsÏapartment€for€awhile.€€Ms.€Toth€had€been€drinking€heavily€and€before€getting€intoÏbed€she€took€the€Xanax€that€her€doctor€had€prescribed.€€She€admitted€that€sheÏdid€not€undress€and€that€she€passed€out€on€top€of€the€covers.ÌÌà ¸ àAt€about€1:30€a.m.,€she€awoke€to€find€Randy€Steckley€on€top€ofÐ p5À04 Ðher.€€He€had€penetrated€her€vagina€and€was€holding€her€arms€down.€€She€triedÏunsuccessfully€€to€push€him€off.€When€she€told€him€to€get€off€of€her,€he€refusedÏand€indicated€that€he€would€not€leave€until€he€ejaculated.€€During€this€time€sheÏsaw€ð ðLittle€Geneðð€standing€by€the€other€bed.€€Her€panties€were€on€the€floor€nextÏto€him.€€The€defendantððs€pants€were€unzipped,€and€he€and€Steckley€wereÏlaughing€and€joking.€€After€Steckley€finished,€he€and€the€defendant€left.€€SheÏwent€to€check€on€Amber€whom€she€found€sleeping.€€Then€she€went€ð ðholleringððÏdown€the€hall€to€the€McGuire€apartment.€€She€found€Mickey€McGuire€sitting€onÏthe€sofa€by€himself.€€She€told€him€in€no€uncertain€terms€what€had€occurred€andÏwhat€she€would€do€if€she€caught€the€two€and€then€went€back€to€her€apartment.€ÏLori€heard€the€commotion€and€called€911.€€Ms.€Toth€went€to€the€hospital€whereÏshe€was€interviewed€by€a€police€investigative€officer.€€She€identified€ð ðLittle€GeneððÏand€ð ðCashðð€as€the€rapists.€€The€detective€testified€that€Ms.€Toth€smelled€stronglyÏof€alcohol,€that€her€eyes€were€red,€and€that€she€was€ð ðvery,€very€angry.ðð€€HospitalÏtesting€indicated€that€her€blood€alcohol€level€was€.30%.€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf€at€trial.€€He€admitted€thatÏhe€had€drunk€quite€a€lot€of€beer€and€that€he€had€smoked€marijuana€during€theÏevening.€€He€said€that€the€victim€had€spent€a€lot€of€time€talking€and€flirting€withÏRandy€Steckley.€€According€to€the€defendant,€the€victim€told€him€that€sheððd€like€toÏgo€in€the€bedroom€with€Steckley.€€€After€the€victim€left€the€party,€he€and€SteckleyÏwent€to€find€some€more€marijuana.€€Steckley€suggested€that€they€go€to€ð ðthatÏwomanððs€placeðð€because€she€had€told€him€to€come€on€up.€€He€found€the€doorÏpartially€open€but€no€one€responded€to€their€knocks.€€When€Steckley€went€intoÏthe€apartment,€the€defendant€followed.€€He€knew€where€Amber€slept,€and€heÏwent€to€her€room.€€When€he€turned€the€light€on,€he€saw€that€she€was€asleep€onÏthe€bed.€€After€he€turned€the€light€off,€he€closed€the€door€and€went€down€the€hallÏto€see€what€Steckley€was€doing€in€Ms.€Tothððs€bedroom.€€He€saw€the€victimÏasleep€on€the€bed,€and€he€told€Steckley€that€they€should€get€out€of€there.€Ð 09€48 ÐSteckley€ordered€him€to€take€off€her€panties.€€The€defendant€testified€that€heÏobeyed€because€he€was€afraid€of€Steckley.€€Steckley,€he€said,€€ð ðknew€a€lot€ofÏpeopleðð€and€had€a€tattoo€that€indicated€he€had€killed€someone.€€At€SteckleyððsÏdirection€he€spread€the€victimððs€legs€apart€and€touched€the€victimððs€vagina.€€HeÏlet€Steckley€smell€his€fingers.€€Steckley€then€pushed€him€back€saying,€ð ðGet€out€ofÏmy€way.ððÌÌà ¸ àAfter€Steckley€completed€the€act,€he€followed€the€defendant€out€ofÏthe€room.€€Steckley€took€three€dollars€that€were€lying€on€the€kitchen€counter€andÏanother€dollar€or€two€from€a€purse.€€As€they€were€sitting€in€the€McGuireÏapartment,€they€heard€the€victim€yelling€as€she€was€coming€down€the€hall.€€TheÏdefendant€ran€out€the€front€door€while€Steckley€climbed€out€a€back€window.€ÏThey€walked€to€a€motel.€€Steckley€slid€open€a€bathroom€window€on€one€of€theÏunits€and€the€two€entered.€€Later,€after€Steckley€had€gone€to€sleep,€theÏdefendant€called€his€parents,€and€his€father€came€to€pick€him€up.€€In€theÏafternoon,€the€defendant€and€his€father€met€with€the€detective€who€wasÏinvestigating€the€case.€€He€identified€the€rapist€as€Randy€Steckley€and€told€theÏpolice€where€Steckley€could€be€found.€€At€first,€the€defendant€denied€that€he€wasÏpresent€when€Steckley€raped€the€victim,€but€when€questioned€more€closely,€heÏgave€a€statement€that€was€virtually€identical€to€his€trial€testimony.ññ׃ ×ññññ׃$×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ð P( #& ÐÌà ¸ àBased€on€this€evidence,€the€jury€acquitted€the€defendant€ofÏaggravated€rape€and€aggravated€burglary€but€convicted€him€of€aggravatedÏsexual€battery€ñ—ñœñ—ñand€aggravated€criminalñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€trespass.€€ÌÌà ¸ àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€contends€that,€based€upon€òòState€v.Ð 3à.2 ÐRoger€Dale€Hill,€Sr.óó,€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00267€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,Ð ° ÐJune€20,€1996),€the€indictment€is€defective€because€it€fails€to€allege€a€culpableÏmental€state.€€However,€the€supreme€court€has€reversed€this€courtððs€decision€inÏòòRoger€Dale€Hillóó.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2d€725€(Tenn.€1997).ñ—ñññœñññ—ññññ—ñ׃×ñ—ññ—ñ׃!×ñ—ñññññ׃&×ññÝ ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×ñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€€Our€resolutionÐ P   Ðof€this€issue€is€guided€by€the€supreme€courtððs€pronouncement€in€òòHillóó.€€Ð 0 € ÐÌà ¸ àThe€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989€requires€a€culpable€mentalÏstate€in€order€to€establish€an€offense€unless€the€statutory€definition€of€the€crimeÏð ðplainly€dispenses€with€a€mental€element.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„301(b)Ï(1997).€€òòHillóó€holds€that€a€charging€instrument€which€charges€a€crime€that€by€itsÐ à Ðstatutory€terms€does€not€expressly€require€or€plainly€dispense€with€a€culpableÏmental€state€may€be€sufficient€without€explicitly€alleging€a€culpable€òòmensóó€òòreaóó.€Ð P  ÐòòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€726.€€€The€supreme€court€said€that€such€a€chargingÐ 0€ Ðinstrument€is€sufficient€to€support€prosecution€if€ÌÓÓà8 ¸ à(1)à  àthe€language€of€the€indictment€is€sufficient€toÐ ð@ Ðmeet€the€constitutional€requirements€of€notice€to€theÏaccused€of€the€charge€against€which€the€accusedÏmust€defend,€adequate€basis€for€entry€of€a€properÏjudgment€and€protection€from€double€jeopardy;Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(2)à  àthe€form€of€the€indictment€meets€theÐ $à" Ðrequirements€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ40„13„202;€andÐ ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ à(3)à  àif€the€mental€state€can€be€logically€inferredÐ P( #& Ðfrom€the€conduct€alleged.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÓÓòòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€726„727.Ð  +p&) ÐÌà ¸ àIn€this€case,€the€indictment€alleging€aggravated€sexual€batteryÏclosely€follows€the€statutory€language.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„¼13„504,€in€pertinent€part,€describes€aggravated€sexual€battery€as€ÌÓÓà8 ¸ àunlawful€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€by€the€defendantÏ.€.€.€[and]€[t]he€defendant€is€aided€and€abetted€by€oneÏ(1)€or€more€other€persons;€and€[t]he€defendant€hasÐ `6°15 Ðreason€to€know€that€the€victim€is€mentally€defective,Ïmentally€incapacitated€or€physically€helpless.€€Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(3)(B)€(1997).€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€indictment€alleges€that€the€defendant€ÌÌà8 ¸ àdid€unlawfully€and€feloniously€have€sexual€contactÏwith€another€person,€to„wit:€Lorriane€Toth,€and€theÏsaid€defendant€was€aided€or€abetted€by€one€(1)€otherÏperson€and€the€defendant€knew€or€had€reason€toÏbelieve€that€said€victim€was€physically€helpless.€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504.Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌÌÓÓThis€language€complies€with€the€statutory€form€by€stating€the€ð ðfacts€constitutingÏthe€offense€in€ordinary€and€concise€language,€without€prolixity€or€repetition,€inÏsuch€a€manner€as€to€enable€a€person€of€common€understanding€to€know€what€isÏintended,€and€with€that€degree€of€certainty€which€will€enable€the€court,€onÏconviction,€to€pronounce€the€proper€judgment.€.€.€.ðð€€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€728;Ð @ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202€(1997).€€Furthermore,€it€is€adequate€to€protect€theÏdefendant€from€double€jeopardy.€€ÌÌà ¸ àWhether€the€requisite€mental€state€may€be€inferred€from€theÏcharging€language€requires€more€analysis.€€The€crime€of€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€of€a€physically€helpless€person€has€three€elements€(1)€intentional€sexualÏcontact,€(2)€the€existence€of€at€least€one€aider€and€abettor,€and€(3)€knowledgeÏthat€the€victim€is€physically€helpless.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(3)(B)Ï(1997).€€This€court€has€previously€observed€that€the€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€for€sexual€contactÐ  +p&) Ðis€intentional.€€€òòSeeóó€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Howardóó,€926€S.W.2d€579,€584€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð -P(+ ÐApp.€1996);€òòRoger€Lee€Kimmel€v.€Stateóó,€No.€02C01„9701„CR„00006,€slip€op.€at€7Ð à.0*- Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Jan.€12,€1998)€(Wade,€J.,€concurring),€òòpet,€for€perm.Ð À0,/ Ðapp.€filedóó€(Tenn.,€Feb.€24,€1998).€€€As€defined€in€the€Criminal€Code€€ð ðsexualÐ  2ð-1 Ðcontactðð€is€ð ðð ðthe€intentional€touching€of€the€victimððs€.€.€.€intimate€parts€.€.€.€if€thatÏintentional€touching€can€be€reasonably€construed€as€being€for€the€purpose€ofÏsexual€arousal€or€gratification.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(6)€(1997).€€ThisÏcourt€has€not€previously€considered€the€òòmens€reaóó€of€the€requirement€that€ð ðtheÐ  :p59 Ðdefendant€is€aided€and€abetted€by€one€(1)€or€more€other€persons.ðð€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(3)(B)€(1997).€€However,€since€the€language€of€the€statuteÏrequires€only€that€an€aider€and€abettor€òòexistóó,€we€find€that€the€legislature€hasÐ pÀ Ðclearly€dispensed€with€any€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€for€this€particular€element.€€As€to€the€thirdÐ P   Ðelement,€the€statute€itself€provides€that€the€accused€must€have€€ð ðreason€to€knowððÏof€the€victimððs€physically€helpless€state.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„504(a)(3)(B)Ï(1997).€€Accordingly,€the€indictment€in€this€instance€must€notify€the€defendantÏthat€he€òòintentionallyóó€had€sexual€contact€with€a€victim€that€he€òòknew€or€had€reasonÐ Ð  Ðto€knowóó€was€physically€helpless€and€that€he€was€aided€and€abetted€by€at€leastÐ ° Ðone€other€person.€€ÌÌà ¸ àWe€find€that€the€language€of€the€indictment€adequately€supplies€theÏòòmensóó€òòreaóó€in€this€instance.€€This€court€has€previously€found€that€the€words€ð ðsexualÐ 0€ Ðcontactðð€implies€that€the€defendant€intentionally€touched€the€victim.€€òòState€v.Ð ` ÐMilton€S.€Jones,€Jr.óó,€No.€02C01„9503„CR„00061,€slip€op.€at€5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ð@ ÐJackson,€Mar.€7,€1997),€òòpet.€for€perm.€app.€filedóó€(Tenn.,€May€6,€1997);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóóÐ Ð  ÐòòState€v.€John€Jamesóó,€No.€01C01„9601„CR„00016,€slip€op.€at€19„20€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð °"  ÐApp.,€Nashville,€Mar.€27,€1997).€€Inclusion€of€the€words€ð ðsexual€contactðð€in€theÏindictment€necessarily€implies€an€intentional€òòmensóó€òòreaóó€for€this€element€of€theÐ p&À!$ Ðcrime.€€òòMilton€S.€Jones,€Jr.óó,€slip€op.€at€5;€òòJohn€Jamesóó,€slip€op.€at€19.€€òòBut€seeÐ P( #& ÐRoger€Lee€Kimmelóó,€slip€op.€at€4€(The€phrase€ð ðsexual€contactðð€imports€no€mentalÐ 0*€%( Ðstate.).€€ÌÌà ¸ àAs€to€the€defendantððs€knowledge€of€the€victimððs€helplessness,€theÏdefendant€concedes€that€the€indictment€alleges€that€the€defendant€had€ð ðreasonÏto€knowðð€that€the€victim€was€physically€helpless.€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€theÏâ âindictment€satisfies€the€three€òòHillóó€requirements€to€support€prosecution€for€theÐ p5À04 Ðoffense€of€aggravated€sexual€battery.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€€The€indictment€in€the€instant€case€isÐ ° Ðâ âsufficient€to€support€the€prosecution€of€the€defendant€for€that€offense.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€defendant€next€contends€that€the€evidence€in€the€record€isÏinsufficient€as€a€matter€of€law€to€support€his€conviction€for€aggravated€sexualÏbattery.€€He€argues€that€the€state€failed€to€prove€that€any€one€aided€or€abettedÏhim€in€the€commission€of€the€crime.€€The€state€contends€that€under€TennesseeÏlaw€an€aider€and€abettor€is€one€who€advises,€counsels,€procures€or€encouragesÏanother€to€commit€a€crime,€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Rodriguezóó,€752€S.W.2d€108,€111€(Tenn.Ð ° ÐCrim.€App.€1988),€and€that€Randy€Steckleyððs€actions,€as€proven€at€trial,€satisfyÏthis€definition.€€We€agree.Ìà ¸ àÌà ¸ àWhen€there€is€challenge€to€the€verdict€based€upon€the€sufficiencyÏof€the€evidence,€this€court€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€toÏthe€prosecution€and€determine€whether€ð ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€€òòJacksonÐ Ð  Ðv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€317,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789;€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2dÐ °"  Ð253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€A€guilty€verdict€accredits€theÏtestimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€state,€and€on€appeal,€the€state€is€entitled€toÏthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€or€legitimateÏinferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75Ð 0*€%( Ð(Tenn.€1992).€€In€determining€that€sufficiency,€this€court€does€not€reweigh€orÏreevaluate€the€evidence.€€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ð ð-@), ÐSince€a€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÏdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€a€convictedÏdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€on€appeal€that€the€evidence€isÏinsufficient.€€òòState€v,€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€Ð p5À04 Їà ¸ àIn€order€to€convict€the€defendant€of€aggravated€sexual€battery€asÏdefined€by€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„504(a)(3)(B),€the€state€hadÏto€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€had€intentional€sexualÏcontact€with€a€victim€whom€he€had€reason€to€know€was€physically€helpless.€€InÏaddition,€the€state€was€required€to€prove€that€he€was€aided€and€abetted€in€thisÏact€by€at€least€one€other€person.€€The€defendant€concedes€that€the€evidence€isÏsufficient€to€show€that€he€intentionally€removed€the€victimððs€undergarment€andÏtouched€her€genitals€at€a€time€when€he€knew€she€was€disabled€due€to€a€physicalÏinjury€and€had€passed€out€after€drinking€excessively.€€He€does€contend,Ïhowever,€that€no€evidence€exists€to€show€that€the€co„defendant€was€an€aider€orÏabettor.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€resolution€of€the€issue€is€determined€by€the€legal€definition€ofÏð ðaider€and€abettor.ðð׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€This€court€considered€a€similar€issue€in€òòState€v.€Woody€J.Ð ` ÐDozieróó,€No.€02C01„9610„CC„00357€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Nov.€4,€1997),Ð ð@ Ðòòpet.€perm.€app.€€filedóó€Jan.€29,€1998.€€€Dozier€was€charged€with€rape,€and€theÐ Ð  Ðstate€sought€to€enhance€the€offense€to€aggravated€rape€through€proof€that€heÏwas€aided€or€abetted€by€a€co„defendant.€€òòIdóó.,€slip€op.€at€21.€€The€proof€at€trialÐ $à" Ðdemonstrated€that€Turner,€the€co„defendant,€was€present€and€in€a€position€to€aidÏand€assist€his€co„defendant€at€all€times€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.€ÏThe€victim€also€testified€that€she€overheard€the€two€discussing€her€fate.€€òòIdóó.,€slipÐ 0*€%( Ðop.€at€22.€€In€concluding€that€the€evidence€was€legally€sufficient€to€support€theÏjuryððs€verdict,€this€court€held:Ð ð-@), ÐÓÓà8 ¸ àà  àMore€than€mere€presence€at€the€crime€sceneÏand€an€acquaintanceship€with€the€perpetrator€isÏnecessary€to€support€a€finding€that€a€person€is€anÏaider€and€abettor.€€òòEssary€v.€Stateóó,€210€Tenn.€220,Ð €Ð Ð357€S.W.2d€342€(Tenn.€1962);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòPeople€v.Ð pÀ ÐRockwellóó,€188€Mich.€App.€405,€470€N.W.2d€673Ð ` ° Ð(Mich.€App.€1991);€òòState€v.€Brumleyóó,€1996€Ohio€App.,Ð P   ÐLEXIS€1390,€No.€89„P„2092€(Ohio€App.€11€dist.€Mar.Ï29,€1996).€€Moreover,€mere€knowledge€that€a€crime€isÏbeing€committed€and€the€failure€to€prevent€it€does€notÏamount€to€aiding€and€abetting.€€But€presence€alone€isÏenough€if€presence€is€intended€to€assist€theÏperpetrator€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€1Ð ð@  ÐF.€Wharton,€Criminal€Law€ðð€114€at€60€(1978).Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌà8 ¸ àà  àFor€Turner€to€aid€or€abet€the€appellant,€it€wasÏunnecessary€that€he€share€the€criminal€intent€of€theÏperpetrator€to€commit€the€rape.€€However,€he€mustÏhave€knowingly€intended€to€assist,€encourage,€orÏfacilitate€the€design€of€the€criminal€actor.€€Thus,€thereÏmust€be€some€evidence€tending€to€show€that€theÏalleged€aider€and€abettor,€by€word€or€deed,€gaveÏactive€encouragement€to€the€perpetrator€of€the€rapeÏor,€by€his€conduct,€made€it€known€to€such€perpetratorÏthat€he€was€standing€by€to€lend€assistance€when€andÏif€it€should€become€necessary.€€òòSeeóó€òòFlippen€v.€Stateóó,Ð  p Ð211€Tenn.€507,€365€S.W.2d€895€(Tenn.€1993);€òòseeóóÐ ` Ðòòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Penlandóó,€343€N.C.€634,€472€S.E.2d€734,Ð P Ð743€(N.C.€1996),€cert.€denied€__€U.S.€__,€136€L.Ed.Ï2d€725,€117€S.Ct.€781€(1997).€€The€aider€must,Ïtherefore,€in€some€way€ð ðassociate€himself€with€theÏventure,€participate€in€it€as€in€something€that€heÏwishes€to€bring€about,€and€seek€by€his€actions€toÏmake€it€succeed.ðð€€òòUnited€States€v.€Peonióó,€100€F.2dÐ  #ð! Ð401,€402€(2d€Cir.€1938),€quoted€with€approval€in€òòNyeÐ $à" Ð&€Nissen€v.€United€Statesóó,€336€U.S.€613,€619,€69Ð €%Ð # ÐS.Ct.€766,€770,€93€L.Ed.€919€(1949).€€Thus,€althoughÏhis€intent€to€assist€the€perpetrator€may€be€proven€byÏcircumstantial€evidence€and€need€not€beÏdemonstrated€by€express€actions,€the€evidence€mustÏsupport€the€conclusion€that€the€aiderððs€presence€lentÏsupport€and€encouragement€to€his€companion(s).Ð ¸ x¸ x ÐÌòòDozieróó,€slip€op.€at€23„24.׃"×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð -P(+ Ðà ¸ àÌÌÓÓà ¸ àWhether€or€not€a€person€present€at€the€scene€of€a€crime€aided€orÏabetted€the€perpetrator€is€a€question€of€fact€to€be€determined€by€the€jury.€€ÏUltimately,€the€answer€depends€upon€the€circumstances€surrounding€theÐ 3à.2 Ðpersonððs€presence€and€his€actions€before,€during€and€after€the€commission€of€theÏoffense.€€òòIdóó.,€slip€op.€at€24.€€In€this€case,€Randy€Steckley€was€present€throughoutÐ à Ðthe€commission€of€the€sexual€battery.€€Moreover,€the€evidence€is€more€thanÏsufficient€to€show€that€Steckley€shared€defendantððs€intent€to€commit€the€offenseÏand€that€he€lent€active€support€and€encouragement.€€òòSeeóó€òòDozieróó,€concurringÐ 0 € Ðopinion€by€Tipton,€J.€€at€1€(aider€and€abettor€must€act€with€an€awareness€of€theÏprincipalððs€intent).€€€€In€fact,€the€defendant€testified€that€Steckley€ordered€him€toÏremove€the€victimððs€undergarments€and€that€he€touched€the€victimððs€genitalia€soÏthat€Steckley€could€smell€his€hand.€€The€evidence€in€the€record€demonstratesÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€co„defendant€€advised,€counseled,€and€evenÏurged€the€defendant€€to€commit€sexual€battery€and€that€his€presence€lentÏencouragement€and€support.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Rodriguezóó,€752€S.W.2d€108,€111Ð P  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988);€òòDozieróó,€slip€op.€at€23„24.€€€The€evidence€in€the€record€isÐ 0€ Ðmore€than€sufficient€to€sustain€the€defendantððs€conviction€for€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€as€defined€in€Section€39„13„504(a)(3)(B).ÌÌà ¸ àà  àAlso,€although€the€defendant€has€not€challenged€theÏsufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€convict€him€of€ñ—ñœñ—ñññaggravated€ññcriminalñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€trespass,€weÏfind€that€the€record€overwhelmingly€supports€the€juryððs€conclusion€that€theÏñ—ñœñ—ñdefendantññ€was€guilty€of€committing€this€offenseñññ‘ñ›€knowingly›€entered›€the›€victimððs›€apartment›€without›€her›€effective›€consentñ‘ñ.ñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€ñ—ñœñ—ñ39„14„Ð P( #& Ð40ñ’ñ5ñ’ññ—ñ›œñ—ññ“ñ6ñ“ññ—ñ›ñ—ñ€(1997).ÌÌà ¸ à€In€his€final€issues,€defendant€challenges€his€sentences.€€The€trialÏjudge€found€him€to€be€a€Range€I€offender€and€ordered€him€to€serve€concurrentÏsentences€of€eleven€years€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€and€eleven€months€andÏtwenty„nine€days€for€ñ—ñœñ—ññ”ñaggravated€ñ”ñcriminalñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€trespass.€€The€defendant€argues€thatÏthe€trial€court€improperly€credited€and€weighed€the€enhancement€factors,€ignoredÏthe€mitigating€circumstances,€and€imposed€excessive€sentences.€€We€disagree.ÌÐ 09€48 Ðà ¸ àWhen€an€accused€challenges€Ô‡XFXX XFÔthe€length,€range,€or€manner€ofÐ ° Ðservice€of€a€sentence,€Ô#† XFXXXFµq#Ôwe€must€conduct€a€de€novo€review€with€a€presumptionÐ à Ðthat€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„401(d)€(1997).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€isÏupon€the€appealing€party.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€SentencingÏCommððn€Comments€(1997)€.€€This€presumption,€however,€ð ðis€conditioned€uponÏthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ð Ð  Ð823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€Ô‡XFXX XFÔIn€making€its€sentencing€determination,€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court,€at€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€determines€theÏsentencing€range,€the€specific€sentence,€and€the€propriety€of€imposing€aÏsentence€involving€an€alternative€to€total€confinement.€€The€trial€court€mustÏconsider€(1)€any€evidence€presented€at€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€theÏpresentence€report,€(3)€the€sentencing€principles.€(4)€the€arguments€of€counsel,Ï(5)€any€statements€the€defendant€has€made€to€the€court,€(6)€the€nature€andÏcharacteristics€of€the€offense,€(7)€any€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors,€andÏ(8)€the€defendantððs€amenability€to€rehabilitation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„¼103(5),€and€40„35„210(a),€(b)€€(1997);€òòState€v.€Hollandóó,€860€Ô#† XFXXXFŸt#ÔS.W.2dÔ‡XFXX XFÔ€53,€60Ð $à" ÐÔ#† XFXXXFÞw#Ô(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€19Ô‡XFXX XFÔ93).€€€The€trial€court€must€begin€with€a€presumptiveÐ p&À!$ Ðminimum€sentence.€€Ô#† XFXXXFPx#ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÔ‡XFXX XFÔ€40„35„210(c).€€The€sentence€may€thenÐ P( #& Ðbe€increased€by€any€applicable€enhancement€factors€and€reduced€in€the€light€ofÏany€applicable€mitigating€factors.€€Ô#† XFXXXFy#ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÔ‡XFXX XFÔ€40„35„210(d),(e).Ð ,`'* ÐÌà ¸ àÔ#† XFXXXFz#ÔÔ‡XFXX XFÔThe€Act€further€provides€that€ð ð[w]henever€the€court€imposes€aÐ Ð/ +. Ðsentence,€it€òòshall€place€on€the€recordóó,€either€orally€or€in€writing,€whatÐ °1-0 Ðenhancement€or€mitigating€factors€it€found,€if€any,€as€well€as€findings€of€facts€asÏrequired€by€ðð€40„35„209.ðð€€Ô#† XFXXXF{z#ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÔ‡XFXX XFÔ€40„35„210(f)€(1997)€(emphasisÐ p5À04 Ðadded).€€€Even€the€absence€of€the€enhancing€and€mitigating€factors€must€beÏrecorded.€€Ô#† XFXXXFÿ{#ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÔ‡XFXX XFÔ€40„35„210,€Sentencing€Commððn€€Comments.€€Ð 09€48 Ð(1997).€€In€the€event€the€record€fails€to€demonstrate€the€appropriateÏconsideration€by€the€trial€court,€appellate€review€of€the€sentence€is€purely€òòdeóóÐ à Ðòònovoóó.€€òòÔ#† XFXXXFÞ|#ÔAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€Ô‡XFXX XFÔ€Ô#† XFXXXF@~#ÔIn€conducting€our€review,€we€must€considerÐ pÀ Ðall€the€evidence,€the€presentence€report,€the€sentencing€principles,€theÏenhancing€and€mitigating€factors,€arguments€of€counsel,€the€appellantððsÏstatements,€the€nature€and€character€of€the€offense,€and€the€appellantððs€potentialÏfor€rehabilitation.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„Ð ð@  Ð35„103(5),€„210(b)€(1997).€€If€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€properlyÏconsidered€all€relevant€factors€and€the€record€adequately€supports€its€findings€ofÏfact,€this€court€must€affirm€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€aÏdifferent€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2dÔ‡XFXX XFÔ€785,€789€Ô#† XFXXXFA#Ô(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€19Ô‡XFXX XFÔ91).Ô#† XFXXXF¡#ԀРpÀ ÐÌà ¸ àIn€this€instance,€the€trial€court€gave€due€consideration€to€theÏapplicable€sentencing€principles€and€factors€and€placed€his€findings€on€theÏrecord.€€We€therefore€review€defendantððs€sentences€with€the€presumption€thatÏthe€trial€courtððs€findings€are€correct.€€ÌÌà ¸ àThe€trial€judge€relied€upon€two€enhancement€factors€in€hisÏsentencing€determination:€(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€theÏappropriate€range,€and€(16)€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€underÏwhich€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„114€(1),€(16)€(1997).€€ÌÓÓÌ€€ÌÓÓà ¸ àApparently,€the€parties€suffered€from€some€confusion€as€to€whichÏenhancement€and€mitigating€factors€the€trial€judge€actually€applied.€€TheÏprosecution€urged€the€trial€court€to€find€that€the€defendant€was€a€leader€in€theÏcommission€of€an€offense€involving€two€or€more€criminal€actors,€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(2),€and€that€the€felony€was€committed€while€the€defendant€wasÐ 09€48 Ðon€a€type€of€release€into€the€community.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13)(E).€ÏPrior€to€hearing€the€testimony,€the€trial€court€made€some€tentative€commentsÏindicating€that€he€might€look€favorably€on€the€stateððs€argument€for€factor€(2).€ÏHowever,€at€the€close€of€the€hearing,€the€trial€judge€did€not€conclude€that€theÏdefendant€was€a€leader€in€the€offense.€€The€trial€court€also€declined€to€use€factorÏ(13)€to€enhance€the€sentence€for€aggravated€sexual€battery€because€the€proofÏdid€not€clearly€establish€that€the€defendant€was€under€some€type€of€supervisionÏfrom€the€juvenile€court.€€€€In€mitigation,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€defendantÏhad€rendered€some€assistance€to€the€authorities€in€identifying€and€apprehendingÏhis€co„defendant.€€He€also€gave€some€consideration€to€the€defendantððs€youthÏalthough€he€did€not€find€that€the€defendant€lacked€substantial€judgment.€€The€trialÏcourt€also€noted€that€the€defendant€demonstrated€a€sustained€intent€to€violateÏthe€law€and€that€the€defendant€is€the€kind€of€€dangerous€person€that€societyÏfears.ÌÌà ¸ àIn€this€appeal,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€defendantððs€recordÏof€criminal€behavior€is€minimal,€that€nothing€in€the€record€indicates€that€he€was€aÏleader,€and€that€his€troubled€childhood€and€dysfunctional€home€life€areÏsubstantial€factors€in€support€of€mitigation.ÌÌà ¸ àThe€record€supports€the€claim€that€the€defendant€has€had€a€difficultÏlife.€€His€parents€are€both€alcoholics€and,€for€various€reasons,€were€unable€toÏprovide€him€and€his€brother€with€much€stability€or€supervision.€€The€defendantððsÏjuvenile€record€begins€at€age€thirteen€and€includes€vandalism€of€a€teacherððs€car,Ïtruancy,€underage€consumption€of€alcohol,€and€inhaling€paint.€€He€was€placed€atÏHaslam€Center€in€Knoxville€in€September€1993€and€then€at€Cooper€House€inÏChattanooga€in€June€1994.€€He€returned€home€on€April€7,€1995,€€just€five€weeksÏbefore€he€committed€the€present€offenses.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€theÏdefendant€admitted€that€he€used€alcohol€and€inhaled€paint€even€after€his€arrestÐ 09€48 Ðin€May,€1995.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€He€stated,€however,€that€he€had€been€ð ðcleanðð€for€the€pastÐ ° Ðeighteen€months.€€The€defendant,€who€was€then€eighteen€years€old,€had€marriedÏand€was€the€father€of€a€three„month€old€daughter.€€He€dropped€out€of€school€inÏthe€tenth€grade,€and€he€and€the€co„defendant€were€working€for€the€defendantððsÏuncle.€€ÌÌà ¸ àAs€a€juvenile,€the€defendant€accumulated€a€record€that€includesÏserious€drug€and€alcohol€abuse€and€impulsive,€destructive€€behavior.€€During€hisÏthree„year€placement€in€highly€structured€programs,€he€did€well,€but€when€heÏreturned€home,€he€immediately€resorted€to€his€earlier€behavior€patterns€ofÏdrinking,€inhaling€paint,€and€using€marijuana.€€The€trial€court€did€not€err€byÏplacing€substantial€weight€on€the€defendantððs€record€of€prior€criminal€behavior.ÌÌà ¸ àThere€is€an€insufficient€basis€in€the€record,€however,€to€justify€theÏuse€of€factor€(16).€€The€defendantððs€acts€caused€the€victim€no€physical€injury,€andÏthe€potential€for€serious€bodily€injury€to€either€the€victim€or€the€victimððs€daughtersÏñ—ñœñ—ñis€notñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€demonstrated€in€the€record.€€ÌÌà ¸ àContrary€to€the€defendantððs€argument,€the€trial€judge€did€not€ignoreÏthe€mitigating€factors.€€He€acknowledged€that€the€defendant€had€assisted€theÏauthorities,€that€€the€defendantððs€youth€was€entitled€to€some€weight,€and€that€hisÏhome€environment€had€been€much€less€than€satisfactory.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ,`'* Ððð€40„35„113(6),(9),(13)€(1997).€€€However,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€twoÏenhancement€factors€substantially€outweighed€the€mitigators.ÌÌà ¸ àFor€a€Range€I€offender,€the€appropriate€sentencing€range€is€notÏless€than€eight€nor€more€than€twelve€years€for€aggravated€sexual€battery.€€Tenn.Ð p5À04 ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(2)€(1997).€€For€ñ—ñœñ—ññ•ñaggravated€ñ•ñcriminalñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€ñ—ñœñ—ñtrespassñ–ñ€of€aÏhabitationñ–ñ,ñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€a€Class€A€misdemeanor,€the€maximum€sentence€is€eleven€monthsÏand€twenty„nine€days.€€This€defendant,€although€youthful,€has€demonstrated€thatÏsome€restraint€is€necessary€to€protect€society€from€his€criminal€behavior.€ÏMeasures€less€restrictive€than€confinement€have€not€proven€effective,€and€weÏquestion€the€defendantððs€ability€to€rehabilitate€himself€while€he€is€under€theÏinfluence€of€those€whose€actions€contributed€to€his€downfall.€€A€lengthyÏconfinement€is€also€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€theÏoffenses.€€However,€the€sentence€in€this€case€should€be€reduced€to€reflect€theÏremoval€of€enhancement€factor€(16).€€The€sentence€for€aggravated€sexualÏbattery€is€ñ—ñœñ—ñmodified€to€tenñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€ñ—ñœñ—ñyears.€€This€sentence€shallñ—ñ›ñ—ññ—ññ—ñ€run€concurrently€with€theÏeleven„month€and€twenty„nine€day€misdemeanor€sentence.ÌÌà ¸ àAccordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€but€modify€theÏfelony€sentence.ÌÓÓÌà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à__________________________Ìà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àCURWOOD€WITT,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JudgeÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JudgeÌÌ