WPC 1apmӭGgU{qdu`kt~)Y God[ƈ#Լ}F^ӕ2WHqebM)a7w& 4@v°N2xGKSuSmgV\awoy00+_y- e-i5q:"z֮"9*%pKNV4cDBNKMl0UxTW%PX̻]Τ.wG=PoI,s]vL KϠg뇋{ z/`q;lt-~BWY[fwu],_C(@,{ҫbL/ZjFD0CXWm*$8F򧸹͓|2чu6 "(KrH~E$,Usd.c@bd4VL `q:*]5.# F UNQ % 0( U: b 0 U: 0 U: w@ 4 - < a#LdU:V4> rU:| B D3 0D AOR 0Dg D/ BHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,|AZ"Arial Regular- -(A@$XXXX XX  0  ,  AZ"Arial Regular(*24$ !   XXXX &K&X X   `   0  ,  AZ"Arial Regular DEDDӀuM%3|x  4$ XXXX &K&X X   `   2    AllfactsarepresentedasallegedbyWayneBlade. W  *$ Xs]XXX &&X Xs]   `   3    &&& &WayneBladehadneverbeentransportedtoHickmanCountyduringthecriminal `  episode.# &&&&# B  *$ Xs]XXX &&X Xs]   `   4    &&& &Inaddition,thejuryfoundMcKennonandPenningtonguiltyofattemptedreckless `  homicideandconspiracytocommitrecklesshomicideandnotguiltyofpossessionofaweapon.RobertsandWorkmanwerefoundguiltyofconspiracyandpossessionofaweaponandnotguiltyofattemptedhomicide.ThetrialjudgesetasideDefendantsconvictionsforattemptedrecklesshomicideandconspiracytocommitrecklesshomicide,findingthattheoffensesdidnotexist;andshesetasideconvictionsforpossessionofaweapononthebasisthattheseverdictscouldnotstandalone.# &&&&# X' XXXt  XX'   Ad FILEDX' X t  December9,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM  Z  *$ Xs]XXX &&X Xs]   `   5    TheStatecontendsthatlikethisCourt,theMauryCountytrialcourtalsodidnothave `  thecompleterecordoftheHickmanCountytrialforconsideration.,cAZ"Arial Regular X' XXXt  XX'   Ad FILEDX' X t  December3,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM  *  *$ Xs]XXX &&X Xs]   `   6    SomeevidencetendedtoshowthatLovellandBrigliohadbeencoconspiratorsin `  thekidnappingofBlade.   4$ XXXX &K&X X   `   1    BrigliotestifiedthathehadbeenkeptbyDefendantsforoneweekpriortoMarch26.,cAZ"Arial Regular d 'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  ` poXXCVpoTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7<XXdd7      r*<,(j 8` `@Ef ` 8ttxP,`  rr*<,(j 8` `@Ef ` 8ttxP,`  rINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEATNASHVILLEAUGUSTSESSION,1998  STATEOFTENNESSEE,  )  C.C.A.NO.01C019710CC00456 `  `     h   )  `  ` Appellant,   h   ) `  `     h   ) `     h   )  MAURYCOUNTY `  МVS. `     h   )   `   `     h   )  HON.JIMT.HAMILTON  `   DAVIDMcKENNON,  h   )  JUDGE  `   NELSONROBERTS, h   ) ` RUSSELLWORKMAN,&  ) ` KENPENNINGTON, h   )  `  `     h   )  `  ` Appellees.   h   )  (StateAppeal"Dismissalof  (#  `  `     h   )   Indictments)  `    ӜONAPPEALFROMTHEJUDGMENTOFTHECRIMINALCOURTOFMAURYCOUNTY  FORTHEAPPELLEES: h     FORTHEAPPELLANT: 8" ̜JERRYC.COLLEY h     JOHNKNOXWALKUP ($ AttorneyForDavidMcKennon    AttorneyGeneralandReporter  % 710N.MainStreetColumbia,TN384021476    KARENM.YACUZZO '  `     h     AssistantAttorneyGeneralGARYHOWELL   h     425FifthAvenueNorth )  AttorneyforNelsonRoberts    Nashville,TN372430493 ) ! P.O.Box442Columbia,TN38401 h     MIKEBOTTOMS +"#  `     h     DistrictAttorneyGeneralWILLIAMBARNES h     P.O.Box459 -x$% AttorneyforRussellWorkman    Lawrenceburg,TN38464 .p%& 1314PublicSquareColumbia,TN38402SHARAFLACYAttorneyforKenPennington128NorthSecondStreetPulaski,TN38478OPINIONFILED________________________̜AFFIRMEDINPART;REVERSEDINPART;REMANDED.̜DAVIDH.WELLES,JUDGE  h;23   4CV 7 dXXd7OPINION CV4 `     ` TheStateofTennessee,pursuanttoTennesseeRuleofAppellateProcedure3(c),appealsasofrightfromthetrialcourtsdismissalofchargesagainstDefendantsDavidMcKennon,NelsonRoberts,RussellWorkman,andKenPennington.Thedismissalswerebasedongroundsofdoublejeopardyandcollateralestoppel.WeconcludethatthetrialcourterredindismissingindictmentsagainsteachDefendantfortheespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofJamesWayneBladeandagainstDefendantMcKennonforpossessionofmethamphetamine.ThetrialcourtproperlydismissedindictmentschargingeachDefendantwiththeespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofWilliamLovellandRobertBriglio.̜ ` ThiscaseinvolvestheallegedkidnappingofJamesWayneBlade,WilliamLovell,andRobertBrigliobecauseofalargesumofmoneyowedbyBladetoDefendantPennington.Accordingtothetestimonygivenbythevictimsatthepreliminaryhearing,DefendantsheldthemcaptiveatgunpointfromatleastMarch26,1995 @ CV    1      ׀toMarch28,1995.OnMarch28,Defendantsallegedlytook .+!" LovellandBrigliotoHickmanCounty,whileBladewastakentoWilsonCounty.DefendantsweretriedandacquittedinHickmanCountyonchargesarisingfromthekidnappingofLovellandBriglio.TheyweresubsequentlyindictedinMauryCountyforthekidnappingofLovell,Briglio,andBlade.ThetrialcourtsdismissaloftheMauryCountyindictmentsbasedupondoublejeopardyandcollateralestoppelisthesubjectofthisappeal. f7.. Л ` AccordingtoWayneBladestestimonyattrialinHickmanCountyandatthepreliminaryhearinginthiscase, @      2      ׀BladedrovetoWilliamLovellshomeon h  Saturdayevening,March25,1995.Lovelldidnothaveatelephone,andBladeneededtodiscussaworkassignmentforthenextday.WhenBladearrived,Lovellwasnotathome,soBlade,whowasagoodfriend,sleptonhiscouchwhilewaiting.LovellhadarrivedhomebythetimeBladeawokethenextmorning.ThetwomenthenleftLovellshouseonthewaytoBladeshome.Althoughtheycouldhavetakenapavedroute,Lovell,whowasdrivingBladestruckfornoapparentreason,droveonanunpaved,desertedroad. ` Whileonthisroad,aCamarosuddenlydroveinfrontofhisTHEthetruckandturnedsideways,forcingthementostop.BladethennoticedthataLincolnhadsuddenlyappearedbehindthetruck,blockingthemfrombehind.DefendantsMcKennonandRobertsemergedfromtheCamarowithweaponsanddirectedLovellandBladetoexitthetruck.AsBladecomplied,McKennonshotthegroundinfrontofhisBladesfeet.DefendantsMcKennon,Roberts,andWorkmanforcedBladeintotheCamaroandLovellintotheLincoln,whereRobertBrigliowaited. ` ThroughoutMarch26andthenexttwodays,DefendantsMcKennon,Roberts,andWorkman,amongothers,heldBlade,Lovell,andBriglioatgunpointindifferentlocations.OnMarch28,DefendantPenningtonandMr.DickarrivedwhereBlade,Lovell,andBrigliowerebeingkept.Bythreateninghislife, 6,, PenningtonandDickpersuadedBladetorecantastatementhehadgivenforaWilsonCountycaseinwhichDickhadpreviouslykidnappedBlade.WhenBladeagreed,DickdrovehimtotheLebanonofficeofDicksattorney,andthentotheWilsonCountyDistrictAttorneysoffice. ` BeforeDickandBladeleftforLebanon,DefendantsinformedBladethattheyintendedtodrivetoHickmanCountytokillhisfather,BillyBlade.TheBladeshadbeeninvolvedindealingdrugsforPennington,andtheyowedasmuchastwentythousanddollarstohim.WhileBladerecantedhistestimony,theWilsonCountyDistrictAttorneysofficereceivedwordthatBillyBladehadbeenshot.DicksattorneywouldnotpermitDicktotakeBladewithhim;Bladethenwalkedawayfreelyandcontactedpolice.̛̜ ` InMayof1995,theHickmanCountyGrandJuryindictedDefendantsfortheespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofLovellandBriglio, @      3      ׀theattemptedfirst %p degreemurderofBillyBlade,conspiracytocommitthefirstdegreemurderofBillyBlade,andunlawfulpossessionofaweaponwithintenttoemployitincommissionofafelony.AftertrialinNovemberof1996,theHickmanCountyjuryfoundallDefendantsnotguiltyofespeciallyaggravatedkidnapping.D @      4      כ -$$  /&&  ` InJuneof1995,aMauryCountyGrandJuryindictedDefendantsfortheespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofWayneBlade,Lovell,andBriglio.Inaddition,McKennonwasindictedforpossessionofmethamphetamine.ThetrialjudgegrantedDefendantsmotionstodismissbasedupondoublejeopardyandcollateralestoppel.TheStateconcedesthatdoublejeopardybarsprosecutionofDefendantsinMauryCountyfortheespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofLovellandBriglio,andweagree.DefendantMcKennonconcedesthatdismissalofhismethamphetaminepossessionchargewaserror,andweagainagree.Therefore,theonlyissueforresolutionbythisCourtiswhethertheStatemayprosecuteDefendantsfortheespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofWayneBladeinMauryCounty.Weconcludethatitmay. ` DefendantsconcedethatdoublejeopardydoesnotbarprosecutionforBladeskidnapping";theHickmanCountyGrandJurynevercharged,indicted,ortriedDefendantsforthatoffense.However,Defendantsarguethatthedoctrineofcollateralestoppelnonethelessbarsprosecution(1)becausethecurrentindictmentaroseoutthe samecriminalepisodethatwaspreviouslytriedinHickmanCounty,and(2)becausethatcourtresolvedanissueof ultimateϜfact"presumedlythattheDefendantskidnappednoone"infavorofDefendants.Thoughweagreewiththeformerassertion,wedisagreewiththelatter. ` TheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtrecognizedin1970thatcollateralestoppelhadbeen anestablishedruleoffederalcriminallawforatleastfiftyyears.Ashev.Swenson,397U.S.436,443(1970)(discussingitsdecisionin  :00 UnitedStatesv.Oppenheimer,242U.S.85(1916)).Thisestablishedruleof `  collateralestoppelis embodiedintheFifthAmendmentguaranteeagainstdoublejeopardy,id.at445,and meanssimplythatwhenanissueofultimate p  facthasoncebeendeterminedbyavalidandfinaljudgment,thatissuecannotagainbelitigatedbetweenthesamepartiesinanyfuturelawsuit.Id.at443;see   Statev.Allen,752S.W.2d515,51617(Tenn.Crim.App.1988). (   ` TheAsheCourtwarnedagainstapplyingtheprincipleofcollateralestoppel 8  withthehypertechnicalandarchaicapproachofa19thcenturypleadingbook;encouraginginsteadthatthedoctrinebeemployedpractically,with realismandrationality,and withaneyetoallthecircumstances.Id.at444(quoting P Sealfonv.UnitedStates,332U.S.575,579(1948)). X  ` Applicationofcollateralestoppelinacaseinwhichthepreviousprosecutionresultedinageneralverdictofacquittal requiresacourttoexaminethatrecordofapriorproceeding,takingintoaccountthepleadings,evidence,charge,andotherrelevantmatter,andconcludewhetherarationaljurycouldhavegroundeditsverdictuponanissueotherthanthatwhichthedefendantseekstoforeclosefromconsideration.Id.(quotingDanielK.Mayers&Fletcher -$$ L.Yarbrough,BisVexari:NewTrialsandSuccessiveProsecutions,74Harv.L. /&& Rev.1,3839(1960));seeStatev.AllanBrooks,No.01C019510CC00324, 2(( 1998WL754315,at*8(Tenn.Crim.App.,Nashville,Oct.29,1998);Statev. 4** ErnestVickers,No.02C019609CC00313,1997WL370357,at*5(Tenn.Crim. 6,, App.,Jackson,July3,1997).  :00  ` InAshe,sixmenwererobbedbyseveralmenwhileplayingpoker.Id.at `  437.Ashewaschargedwithsixcountsofrobberyandtriedinitiallyforonlyone,robberyofvictimKnight.Id.at438.Thetrialcourtinstructedthejurythatifit p  foundAshetobeaparticipantintheoffense,(1)thetheftofanymoneywouldsustainaconvictionforrobbery,and(2)Ashewouldbeguiltyevenifhehadnotpersonallyrobbedthevictim.Id.at439.Ashewasnotstronglyidentifiedasa (  perpetrator,andthejuryacquittedhim.Id.TheStateofMissourilaterattempted 0  toprosecuteAshefortherobberyofothervictims,andtheSupremeCourtconcludedthat8 ` therecordisutterlydevoidofanyindicationthatthefirstjurycouldrationallyhavefoundthatanarmedrobberyhadnotoccurred,orthatKnighthadnotbeenavictimofthatrobbery.Thesinglerationallyconceivableissueindisputebeforethejurywaswhetherthepetitionerhadbeenoneoftherobbers.Andthejurybyitsverdictfoundthathehadnot.Thefederalruleoflaw,therefore,wouldmakeasecondprosecutionfortherobberyofRobertswhollyimpermissible.t5 ` !` ! Id.at445. $l  ` Here,astheStatemaintains,Defendantsbeartheburdenofdemonstratingthattheissueforwhichtheyseektoforecloserelitigationwasactuallydecidedinthefirsttrialandthatdeterminationofthatissuewasnecessarytothejudgment.SeeDowlingv.UnitedStates,493U.S.342,35052 .%% (1990)(recognizingthattheUnitedStatesCourtsofAppealshadunanimouslyplacedthisburdenondefendants).Defendantshavenotcarriedthisburden. ` First,theHickmanCountyjuryreturnedageneralverdictatDefendantsfirsttrial.Therefore,wemustexaminetheentirerecordofthattrialtodetermine 9// whetheranyoneissuenecessarytothejudgmentinthiscasewasactuallydecidedinfavorofDefendants,butthisCourtdoesnothavethecompleterecordoftheHickmanCountytrial.Inaddition,theMauryCountytrialjudgedidnotidentifythebasisuponwhichhedismissedtheindictments,otherthantoconcludethatprosecutionwasbarredbycollateralestoppel.Therefore,wecannotknowwhetherheconsideredthepleadings,evidence,andotherrelevantmatter. @      5      ׀Inthisway,Defendantshavenotmettheirburden. 0   ` However,wefurtheragreewiththeStatethateveniftherecordwascomplete,Defendantscannotdemonstratethat arationaljurycould[not]havegroundeditsverdictuponanissueotherthanthatwhichthedefendant[s]seek[]toforeclosefromconsideration.SeeAshe,397U.S.at444.Here,identityhas X beenclearlyestablished;Defendantsandvictimshadknowneachotherforaperiodoftime.AstheStatecorrectlyargues,inthiscasethe singlerationallyconceivableissueindisputebeforetheHickmanCountyjury"or, theultimateissue"waslikelywhethertheallegedvictimswereheldagainsttheirwillorwhethertheyvoluntarilyremainedwithDefendants.Voluntarinessisanissuepersonaltoeachvictim;andajurycouldrationallydecidethatwhileLovellandBrigliowerenotconfinedagainsttheirwill,WayneBladewas.D @      6      כWecannot -$$ concludethatthisissuehasbeendecisivelyresolvedinfavorofDefendantswithrespecttoWayneBladesconfinement. 4**  ` WeaffirmthetrialcourtsdismissalofindictmentschargingeachDefendantwiththeespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofWilliamLovellandRobertBriglio,andwereversethedismissalofindictmentschargingeachDefendantwiththeespeciallyaggravatedkidnappingofJamesWayneBlade.Inaddition,wereversethetrialcourtsdismissalofthechargesagainstDefendantMcKennonforpossessionofmethamphetamine.̜ ` Thiscaseisremandedtothetrialcourtforsuchfurtherproceedingsasmaybewarrantedconsistentwiththisopinion. `     h      p ________________________ `     h      p DAVIDH.WELLES,JUDGE____________________________JERRYL.SMITH,JUDGE ` ____________________________JOHNK.BYERS,SENIORJUDGE `     h      p