ÿWPCÉ gwYžìÅÅÁ"Pf!Äb¾’Ù›QºÑ“ pºæo(æ(ìGÌ©˜(,r»ý/( N4à4÷˜Íásysh÷†H)Ypn›ÅAòÚ¬ X#õé{ŽåÚ:Ñ)ìë'RDhÚ”,)#Nè7<7·KÙâç×,m)µë+ «Ðk"oÑõ~ä^ñîþ!V³ØF5Õ¾Ôw!<Ó†?Ñ>ýYWÝ}õDì•dñÜŸjó‘|N‹å†HúˆQÉ7KÑ,˜) }f}âº%çtÅ@§EI¸++øHuÄ„ãÅmv­ºÕÄ蜜ض{*çåR‰W@I܈3ù>:—Ÿ¯(¯e¼ ‰‘(Y¥[¡èä> "ý;5Ñ BngÄ—F¸w{(é@×.JúP³þ˜)™Uªx]Sïº×ߨá‰ßmêÏ>Â_ã#pËÓ u DUíÙ„ç¨Êéx,ŠƒúoAUS®Kw“)’<»åý½oŒ >Œ4±K“î©Ý~ãé.,êd‰?Dê,º]À^‹PVN²®À=Pç˜+ùYŒ’k[ô Ò%oï;|¦/ K»ÅÞü³p[Áð B„1™¡¦Æ-’Œúz b %\^ b 0ˆnU4NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ ‘ Æ™ Æ_ Æ% Æë U@±Nñ 1ó 72€E² 1u´ 72) 0c[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[[b¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾¾ 0ëÆÆÆÆ B±± 0¤Î D3r D-¥ 0KÒÒ ASÆp 0¤6 0DÚ A«»ìl+ (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÖJ~'` Aßа¤3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 5eÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0 Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman (¦ÙCEMU]emu}AutoList1(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)(1)3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à- ù-(|G2/k$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€µ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôµíò»»Ô d(|3q$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€µ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3q$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€µ»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€µ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼µ»»»ÔÑ8€Q‰XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î”µÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼µ»îî” #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àMay€15,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔÌò òÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€EDDIE€Ô_ÔMcNABBÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Marion€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€4063€€€€€€Thomas€W.€Graham,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2000„01490„CCA„R3„CD€„€August€28,€2001Ð ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€appeals€from€his€maximum€sentence€of€six€(6)€years€for€voluntary€manslaughter€andÐ xÈ  Ðthe€trial€courtððs€imposition€of€consecutive€sentences.€€After€review,€we€hold€that€the€trial€courtÐ d´ Ðproperly€sentenced€the€defendant€to€six€(6)€Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰¦#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔyears€for€the€voluntary€manslaughter€conviction€andÐ P  Ðcorrectly€ordered€the€defendantððs€convictions€for€voluntary€manslaughter€and€aggravated€assault€beÐ <Œ Ðserved€consecutive€to€one€another.Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰ë#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔ€€Therefore,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð (x ÐÓ¢ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ P ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼µ»àXQ‰#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X.¼µÔJohn€Everett€Williams,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó€andÐ Ø( ÐòòNorma€McGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ä ÐÌPhilip€A.€Ô_ÔCondraÔ_Ô,€District€Public€Defender,€and€Francis€W.€Ô_ÔPryorÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Public€Defender,€for€theÐ œì Ðappellant,€Eddie€Ô_ÔMcNabbÔ_Ô.Ð ˆØ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Jennifer€L.€Smith,€Assistant€Attorney€General,Ð `° Ðand€James€Michael€Taylor,€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.€Ð L œ ÐÓùÓÌÌÓb Óà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰(#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔÐ #`" ÐÓõ ÓÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant,€Eddie€Ô_ÔMcNabbÔ_Ô,€was€indicted€by€the€Marion€County€Grand€Jury€for€firstÐ è$8 $ Ðdegree€murder€and€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€After€a€jury€trial€in€May€of€1998,€the€defendantÐ Ô%$!% Ðwas€convicted€of€the€lesser„included€offenses€of€voluntary€manslaughter€and€aggravated€assault.€€AÐ À&"& Ðsentencing€hearing€was€held€on€June€10,€1998,€and€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€RangeÐ ¬'ü"' ÐI€standard€offender€to€six€(6)€years€for€the€voluntary€manslaughter€and€to€four€(4)€years€for€theÐ ˜(è#( Ðaggravated€assault.€€The€court€denied€the€defendant€any€alternative€sentence€and€ordered€the€twoÐ „)Ô$) Ðsentences€to€be€served€consecutively,€for€an€effective€sentence€of€twelve€years.€€The€defendant€nowÐ p*À%* Ðappeals€and€asserts€that€the€trial€court€incorrectly€sentenced€him€to€the€maximum€sentence€withinÐ \+¬&+ Ðthe€range€for€the€voluntary€manslaughter€and€incorrectly€ordered€his€sentences€to€be€servedÐ H,˜', Ðconsecutive€to€one€another.€Ð 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ô‡Ó  Óòòò òFactsÐ ° ÐÌóóó óÓ  Óà  àFor€background€Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰M #ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔpurposes,€we€will€provide€a€summary€of€the€underlying€facts€supporting€theÐ ˆØ Ðdefendantððs€convictions€as€they€were€adduced€at€trial.€€The€evidence€showed€that€on€April€5,€1998,Ð tÄ Ðthe€defendant€had€been€drinking€several€alcoholic€beverages.€€At€some€point€in€the€late€night€or€earlyÐ `° Ðmorning€hours€of€April€6,€1998,€the€defendant€decided€to€go€riding€around€in€Whiteville,€Tennessee.€Ð L œ ÐWhile€riding€around,€the€defendant€pulled€into€a€bank€to€turn€around€and€two€vehicles€were€blockingÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€exit.€€€The€defendant€blinked€his€lights€at€the€two€vehicles€and€revved€up€his€engine.€€When€theÐ $ t Ðvehicles€did€not€move,€the€defendant€squealed€out€and€left€through€the€entrance.€€He€drove€down€toÐ  ` Ðthe€Highway€28€Market€and€turned€around.€€When€he€was€coming€back€toward€Whiteville,€a€carÐ ü L  Ðgoing€the€opposite€direction€blinked€his€lights€at€the€defendant€and€when€the€car€went€by,€they€tappedÐ è 8  Ðtheir€brakes.€€The€defendant€then€pulled€off€in€a€parking€lot€and€one€of€the€victims,€Billy€Worley,Ð Ô$  Ðpulled€in€and€blocked€the€defendantððs€vehicle.€€The€defendant€exited€his€vehicle€and€approached€Ð À  Ðvictim€Worleyððs€passenger€side€window.€€The€two€men€exchanged€words.€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àThe€second€victim,€Bobby€Caldwell,€then€arrived.€€Victim€Worley€then€walked€over€toÐ „Ô  ÐCaldwellððs€vehicle€and€began€talking€to€Caldwell.€€At€that€moment,€the€defendant€pushed€his€sisterÐ pÀ Ðout€of€his€way€and€an€altercation€ensued€between€the€defendant€and€victim€Worley.€€During€thisÐ \¬ Ðaltercation,€the€defendant€pulled€out€a€knife€and€stabbed€victim€Worley€seven€times.€€When€victimÐ H˜ ÐCaldwell€saw€his€friend€Worley€fall€to€the€ground,€he€exited€his€vehicle€and€approached€theÐ 4„ Ðdefendant.€€The€defendant€then€stabbed€victim€Caldwell.€€After€stabbing€victim€Caldwell,€theÐ  p Ðdefendant€jumped€on€the€hood€of€Caldwellððs€car€and€kicked€the€windshield€several€times.€€TheÐ  \ Ðdefendant€then€left€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€Ð øH ÐÌà  àAccording€to€the€autopsy€report,€victim€Worley€sustained€seven€(7)€stab€wounds,€includingÐ Ð  Ða€stab€wound€to€the€chest,€producing€injury€to€the€heart,€bleeding€and€death.€€At€the€conclusion€ofÐ ¼  Ðthe€trial,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€the€lesser„included€offenses€of€voluntary€manslaughterÐ ¨ø Ðfor€the€killing€of€victim€Worley€and€aggravated€assault€for€the€stabbing€of€victim€Caldwell.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àAt€the€June€10,€1998€sentencing€hearing,€the€State€introduced€the€presentence€report€thatÐ l¼ Ðcontained€an€order€from€the€Hamilton€County€Criminal€Court€dated€November€20,€1995,€placing€theÐ X ¨ Ðdefendant€on€probation€for€two€(2)€years€for€a€conviction€of€accessory€after€the€fact€of€aggravatedÐ D!” Ðrobbery.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€presented€several€witnesses€on€his€behalf.€€Daniel€Campbell€testified€that€heÐ $X" Ðhas€known€the€defendant€for€seven€to€eight€years€and€considered€him€a€friend.€€He€also€testified€thatÐ ô$D # Ðif€the€defendant€received€a€sentence€other€than€incarceration,€he€could€provide€him€with€a€job€andÐ à%0!$ Ða€place€to€live.€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€at€the€time€of€the€sentencing€hearing€he€had€been€in€jail€forÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfourteen€months.€€He€stated€that€if€he€was€sentenced€to€probation,€he€believed€he€could€conductÐ )à$( Ðhimself€appropriately.€€The€defendant€testified€that€if€alcohol€had€not€been€involved€in€the€presentÐ |*Ì%) Ðaltercation,€he€would€not€be€in€this€situation.€€He€was€also€willing€to€comply€with€a€condition€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðprobation€that€he€abstain€from€alcoholic€beverages.€€Also,€he€would€have€employment€available€toÐ ° Ðhim.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€admitted€that€he€failed€to€comply€with€the€terms€ofÐ tÄ Ðprobation€previously€imposed.€€He€had€violated€the€condition€against€consuming€alcoholic€beveragesÐ `° Ðon€a€number€of€occasions,€one€of€which€resulted€in€a€conviction€for€public€intoxication.€€In€addition,Ð L œ Ðhe€admitted€that€he€had€a€history€of€violence€when€he€was€drunk,€including€physically€abusiveÐ 8 ˆ Ðbehavior€toward€a€former€girlfriend.€€When€asked€about€his€former€criminal€history,€he€admitted€thatÐ $ t Ðhe€entered€a€no€contest€plea€to€accessory€after€the€fact€of€aggravated€robbery.€€He€also€wasÐ  ` Ðdischarged€from€the€United€States€Marine€Corps,€after€serving€time€in€the€brig€for€being€absentÐ ü L  Ðwithout€leave.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€sixÐ À  Ðyears€on€the€voluntary€manslaughter€and€to€four€years€on€the€aggravated€assault.€€The€court€deniedÐ ¬ü  Ðany€alternative€sentence€and€ordered€each€sentence€to€be€served€consecutive€to€one€another.€€The€trialÐ ˜è  Ðcourt€found€that€the€following€enhancement€factors€apply€to€the€voluntary€manslaughter€conviction:Ð „Ô  Ð(1)€that€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€additionÐ pÀ Ðto€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;€(6)€that€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€orÐ \¬ Ðthe€amount€of€damage€to€property€sustained€by€or€taken€from€the€victim€was€particularly€great;€(9)Ð H˜ Ðthat€the€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;Ð 4„ Ð(10)€that€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€wasÐ  p ÐhighÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰ª#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔ;€and€(13)€that€the€defendant€committed€the€felony€while€on€release€status€from€a€prior€felonyÐ  \ Ðconviction.€€The€trial€court€found€one€mitigating€factor€present:€that€the€defendant€lacked€substantialÐ øH Ðjudgment€in€committing€the€offense€because€of€his€youthful€age€of€twenty„one€years.€€However,€theÐ ä4 Ðcourt€stated,€ð ðI€think€that€mitigating€factor€does€apply,€but€I€donððt€apply€it€very€strongly.ðð€€The€trialÐ Ð  Ðcourt€concluded€that€ð ð[t]he€enhancement€factors€far€outweigh€the€mitigating€factors€in€this€case,ðð€andÐ ¼  ÐÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰Ó(#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔsentenced€the€defendant€to€six€years,€the€maximum€in€the€appropriate€range€for€the€voluntaryÐ ¨ø Ðmanslaughter.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àNext,€the€court€ordered€the€defendantððs€sentences€to€run€consecutive€to€one€another.€€TheÐ l¼ Ðcourt€found€that€given€the€defendantððs€prior€criminal€record€and€prior€criminal€behavior,€theÐ X ¨ Ðaggressiveness€of€the€defendantððs€actions,€the€overall€damage€to€society,€his€previous€inability€toÐ D!” Ðcomply€with€less€restrictive€punishment,€and€his€tendency€to€abuse€alcohol€and€to€act€violently,€theÐ 0"€  Ðdefendant€presents€a€danger€to€society€such€that€his€sentences€should€be€served€consecutively.€Ð #l! ÐFinally,€the€trial€court€found€that€given€the€weight€of€all€the€evidence€against€an€alternative€sentenceÐ $X" Ðand€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€instant€offense,€the€defendant€should€be€required€toÐ ô$D # Ðserve€his€sentence€in€confinement.Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰‚+#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔÐ à%0!$ ÐÌÓ  Óò òòòAnalysisóóó óÐ ¸'#& ÐÌÓ  Óà  àÔ‡XQ‰XXXQ‰ÔThis€courtððs€review€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€with€a€presumptionÐ )à$( Ðof€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned€upon€anÐ |*Ì%) Ðaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€judge€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ h+¸&* Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€However,€ifÐ ° Ðthe€trial€court€fails€to€comply€with€the€statutory€directives,€there€is€no€presumption€of€correctness.€Ð œì ÐòòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€1997).€€€€Ð ˆØ Ðà  àÌà  àThe€burden€is€upon€the€appealing€party€to€show€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ `° ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€In€conducting€our€review,€we€areÐ L œ Ðrequired,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„210,€to€consider€the€following€factorsÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€sentencing:Ð $ t Ðà8  à(1)€[t]he€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€[t]heÐ  ` Ðpresentence€report;€(3)€[t]he€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencingÐ ü L  Ðalternatives;€(4)€[t]he€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct€involved;€(5)Ð è 8  Ð[e]vidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€the€enhancement€and€mitigatingÐ Ô$  Ðfactors€in€ðððð€40„35„113€and€40„35„114;€and€(6)€[a]ny€statement€the€defendant€wishesÐ À  Ðto€make€in€the€defendantððs€own€behalf€about€sentencing.Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€first€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€determination€that€he€should€be€sentenced€toÐ „Ô  Ðsix€(6)€years€for€the€voluntary€manslaughter€conviction,€the€maximum€within€the€applicable€range.€Ð pÀ ÐIn€determining€the€appropriate€length€of€a€defendantððs€sentence,€if€no€mitigating€or€enhancementÐ \¬ Ðfactors€for€sentencing€are€present,€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„210(c)€provides€that€theÐ H˜ Ðpresumptive€sentence€for€most€offenses€shall€be€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€applicable€range.€Ð 4„ ÐòòóóòòState€v.€Lavenderóó,€967€S.W.2d€803,€806€(Tenn.€1998);€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€788€(Tenn.Ð  p ÐCrim.€App.€1991).€€However,€if€such€factors€are€present,€a€trial€court€should€start€at€the€minimumÐ  \ Ðsentence,€enhance€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€range€for€the€enhancement€factors,€and€thenÐ øH Ðreduce€the€sentence€within€the€range€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e).€Ð ä4 ÐNo€particular€weight€for€each€factor€is€prescribed€by€the€statute,€as€the€weight€given€to€each€factorÐ Ð  Ðis€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€as€long€as€the€trial€court€complies€with€the€purposes€andÐ ¼  Ðprinciples€of€the€sentencing€act€and€its€findings€are€supported€by€the€record.€€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727Ð ¨ø ÐS.W.2d€229,€238€(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.€Leggsóó,€955€S.W.2d€845,€848€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);€òòseeóóÐ ”ä ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àIn€sentencing€the€defendant€on€the€voluntary€manslaughter€conviction,€the€trial€court€foundÐ X ¨ Ðthat€at€least€five€(5)€enhancement€factors€applied:€Ô#†XQ‰XXXQ‰P0#Ô(1)€that€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€ofÐ D!” Ðcriminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriateÐ 0"€  Ðrange;€(6)€that€the€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€of€damage€to€property€sustained€byÐ #l! Ðor€taken€from€the€victim€was€particularly€great;€(9)€that€the€defendant€possessed€or€employed€aÐ $X" Ðdeadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;€(10)€that€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€aboutÐ ô$D # Ðcommitting€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€highÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰Í/#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔ;€and€(13)€that€the€defendant€committed€theÐ à%0!$ Ðfelony€while€on€release€status€from€a€prior€felony€conviction.€€Ô‡XQ‰XXXQ‰ÔÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰A#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔThe€only€mitigating€factor€that€the€trialÐ Ì&"% Ðcourt€applied€was€the€defendantððs€age€of€twenty„one€years,€which€the€trial€court€gave€only€a€smallÐ ¸'#& Ðamount€of€consideration.€€Ultimately,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€enhancement€factors€farÐ ¤(ô#' Ðoutweighed€the€one€mitigating€factor.€€Upon€our€review€of€the€entire€record,€we€disagree€with€theÐ )à$( Ðtrial€courtððs€conclusion€that€factors€(6)€and€(10)€apply.€€Because€this€was€a€homicide,€and€death€wasÐ |*Ì%) Ðan€essential€element€of€the€offense,€a€trial€court€may€not€use€particularly€great€personal€injuries€andÐ h+¸&* Ðno€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high€as€enhancement€factors.€Ð ° ÐòòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€€€òòsee€alsoóó,€òòState€v.€Kelleyóó,Ð œì Ð34€S.W.3d€471€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€Nevertheless,€given€the€enormous€weight€of€the€remainingÐ ˆØ Ðenhancement€factors,€we€agree€that€the€defendant€should€be€sentenced€to€the€maximum€of€six€(6)Ð tÄ Ðyears€within€the€range€for€voluntary€manslaughter.Ð `° Ðà  àÌà  àNext,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€incorrectly€ordered€his€sentences€forÐ 8 ˆ Ðvoluntary€manslaughter€and€aggravated€assault€to€be€served€consecutively.€€Tennessee€CodeÐ $ t ÐAnnotated€section€40„35„115(b)€provides€that€a€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€ifÐ  ` Ðthe€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€thatÐ ü L  ÐÓ€ (¦Ù83ÓÝ"‚3£"ÝÝ  ÝÓ$°–, X°œX$ÓÓ XÓÓ XÓÔ#†XQ‰XXXQ‰±A#ÔÔ‡XQ‰XXXQ‰Ôà0 4 àà  àÝ‚3£IÝÔ2¦ÙÔ(Ú  Ú1Ú  Ú)Ô3  Ôà044Ð 4Ð àÝ  Ý[t]he€defendant€is€a€professional€criminal€who€has€knowingly€devoted€suchÐ è 8  Ðdefendantððs€life€to€criminal€acts€as€a€major€source€of€livelihood;݃3£IäIÝŒÐÔ$ 4Ð 4Ð  ÐŒÝ  Ý(2)€[t]he€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive;Ð À  Ðà0 4 àà  à(3)€[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€mentally€abnormal€person€so€declared€by€aÐ ¬ü  Ðcompetent€psychiatrist€who€concludes€as€a€result€of€an€investigation€prior€toÐ ˜è  Ðsentencing€that€the€defendant's€criminal€conduct€has€been€characterized€by€aÐ „Ô  Ðpattern€of€repetitive€or€compulsive€behavior€with€heedless€indifference€toÐ pÀ Ðconsequences;Ð\¬4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(4)€[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€noÐ H˜ Ðregard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€theÐ 4„ Ðrisk€to€human€life€is€high;Ð p4Ð 4Ð  Ðà0 4 àà  à(5)€[t]he€defendant€is€convicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involvingÐ  \ Ðsexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÐ øH Ðarising€from€the€relationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€theÐ ä4 Ðtime€span€of€defendant's€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€theÐ Ð  Ðsexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damage€to€theÐ ¼  Ðvictim€or€victims;€Ð¨ø4Ð 4Ð  ÐÓ( °œX°–, XJI(ÓÓ XnIÓÓ X|IÓà8  à(6)€[t]he€defendant€is€sentenced€for€an€offense€committed€while€on€probation;€or€Ð”äÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(7)€[t]he€defendant€is€sentenced€for€criminal€contempt.€Ð€ÐÐ Ð  ÐòòòòóóSee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Blackóó,€924€S.W.2d€912,€917€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Furthermore,€in€the€eventÐ l¼ Ðthe€trial€court€finds€that€the€defendant€is€a€ð ðdangerous€offender,ðð€it€must€also€determine€whether€theÐ X ¨ Ðconsecutive€sentences:€€(1)€are€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed;€(2)€serveÐ D!” Ðto€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€offender;€and€(3)€are€congruent€withÐ 0"€  Ðgeneral€principles€of€sentencing.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).Ð #l! ÐÌà  àÔ#†XQ‰XXXQ‰­I#ÔThe€defendant€merely€alleges€that€the€trial€court€ð ðdid€not€make€a€finding€that€the€extendedÐ ô$D # Ðservice€was€necessary€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€conduct.ððÔ‡XQ‰XXXQ‰ÔÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰óA#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔ€€However,€inÐ à%0!$ Ðdetermining€whether€the€defendantððs€sentences€should€be€served€concurrently€or€consecutively,€tÔ#†XQ‰XXXQ‰8U#ÔÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰zU#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔheÐ Ì&"% Ðcourt€found€that€the€defendant€had€a€significant€record€of€prior€criminal€behavior€and€Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰cV#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔcriminalÐ ¸'#& ÐconvictionsÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰W#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔ,€the€defendantððs€actions€in€the€instant€offense€were€extremely€aggressive,€the€defendantÐ ¤(ô#' Ðemployed€a€dangerous€weapon€in€the€commission€of€these€offenses,€the€instant€offense€wasÐ )à$( Ðdamaging€to€society,€the€defendant€had€an€inability€to€comply€with€less€restrictive€punishment€in€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðpast,€the€defendant€had€a€tendency€to€abuse€alcohol€and€to€act€violent,€and€that€prior€attempts€atÐ h+¸&* Ðcontrolling€his€alcohol€abuse€had€failed.€€Given€these€findings,€the€trial€court€found€that€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€was€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicated€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€andÐ œì Ðno€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€Furthermore,€Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰}W#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔtheÐ ˆØ Ðtrial€court€found€that€the€defendant€presented€a€danger€to€societyÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰ØZ#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔ.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€orderedÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰t[#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔÐ tÄ Ðthat€his€sentences€should€be€served€consecutively.€€We€disagree€with€the€defendantððs€conclusoryÐ `° Ðassertion€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€make€appropriate€findings.€€Thus,€the€defendant€failed€to€showÐ L œ Ðhow€the€record€preponderates€against€the€trial€courtððs€findings.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÌÓ  Óò òòòConclusionÐ ü L  ÐÌóóó óÓ  Óà  àAfter€reviewing€the€record€before€us,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€properly€sentenced€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€to€six€(6)€Ô#†¼µ»XXQ‰Û[#ÔÔ‡XQ‰X»¼µÔyears€for€the€voluntary€manslaughter€conviction.€€We€also€hold€that€the€trialÐ À  Ðcourt€correctly€ordered€the€defendantððs€convictions€for€voluntary€manslaughter€and€aggravatedÐ ¬ü  Ðassault€be€served€consecutively,€for€an€effective€twelve€year€sentence.€€Accordingly,€the€judgmentÐ ˜è  Ðof€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÔ#†¼µ»XXQ‰R^#ÔòòóóÔ€XQ‰X»¼µÔÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð  p Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOHN€EVERETT€WILLIAMS,€JUDGE