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8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3Ž$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€..ÑÑ8€YÜ»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK ÿÿÿd&õÿP d d&úÿp Pd d÷ÿdÿÿÿd&ÿÿ0 d döÿ  düÿP Pdllll)óÿ!dxdxmmmm)ûÿ!dxdxqqqq)ýÿ!dxdxþÿ dssss)üÿ!dxdxýÿ dmm)÷ÿ! dxdxkkkk)þÿ!dxdxffff)òÿ!dxdxxxxx)øÿ!dxdx&ùÿp d Pdiiii)ùÿ!dxdx{|{|)öÿ!dxdx3øÿ+0 ÿÿÿd ÿÿÿd d3÷ÿ+0 d d dõÿÿÿÿdþÿÿÿÿdýÿ(ÿÿÿdüÿ2ÿÿÿdûÿ<ÿÿÿdúÿFÿÿÿdùÿPÿÿÿdøÿZÿÿÿdöÿÀÀÀdÿÿÿdÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€YÜ»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼YÜ»»»ÔÑ8€!ÜXXdê»»d 8ÑÑ€#Oa Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î YÜÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼YÜ»îî #ÔˆÐ Ì ÐÓ  ÓÔ‡@¼ »»¼YÜÔRemanded€by€Supreme€Court€September€10,€2001Ô#†¼YÜ»»@¼ à#ÔÐ è8 ÐÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÌò òÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Üc#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€REGINALD€Ô_ÔMERRIWEATHERÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Madison€CountyÐ Ü , Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„549€€€€€€John€Franklin€Ô_ÔMurchisonÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ Æ  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<ƒ` AßÐ „Ô  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1999„02050„CCA„R3„CDÐ }Í  ÐNo.€W2001„02206„CCA„RM„CDÐ g·  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<:` AßÐ ;‹  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThis€case€returns€to€this€court€after€remand€by€order€of€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court.€€The€defendantÐ 4„ Ðappeals€his€jury€convictions€of€attempted€second€degree€murder,€aggravated€assault,€and€especiallyÐ n Ðaggravated€robbery.€€He€raises€the€following€issues:€(1)€whether€the€trial€judge€erred€in€denyingÐ X Ðdefendantððs€request€for€a€mistrial€based€on€a€jurorððs€response€during€voir€dire;€(2)€whether€the€trialÐ òB Ðcourt€erred€in€directing€a€witness€to€answer€questions€on€cross„examination;€Ô#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔ(3)€whether€the€evidenceÐ Ü, Ðwas€sufficient€to€support€his€convictions;€and€(4)€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€instructÐ Æ Ðthe€jury€as€to€certain€lesser„included€offenses.€€This€court€initially€€reversed€the€appellantððsÐ ° Ðconviction€for€aggravated€assault,€based€on€double€jeopardy€considerations,€and€affirmed€theÐ šê Ðjudgment€of€the€trial€court€on€all€other€issues.€€òòSee€State€v.€Reginald€Ô_ÔMerriweatherÔ_Ô,óó€No.€W1999„Ð „Ô Ð2050„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€242570€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Jackson,€March6,€2001)€(òòperm.€to€appealÐ n¾ Ðgrantedóó).€€On€June€5,€2001,€the€Supreme€Court€released€its€decision€in€the€case€of€òòState€v.€CurtisÐ X¨ ÐJason€Ely€and€State€v.€Ô_ÔLaconiaÔ_Ô€Lamar€Bowersóó,€48€S.W.3d€710€(Tenn.€2001)Ô#†¼YÜ»XX!ÜŸ#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔòò.€€óó€In€òòEly€óóand€òòBowersóó,Ð B’ Ðthe€Court€announced€new€standards€regarding€the€duty€to€instruct€on€lesser„included€offenses.€Ô#†¼YÜ»XX!܇ #ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔInÐ ,| Ðlight€of€the€decision€in€òòEly€óóand€òòBowersóó,€the€Supreme€Court€remanded€the€case€to€this€court€toÐ f Ðdetermine€whether€error€in€not€instructing€facilitation€was€harmless.€€òòSee€State€v.€ReginaldÐ  P ÐÔ_ÔMerriweatherÔ_Ôóó,€No.€W2001„02206„CCA„RM„CD,€Madison€County€(Tenn.,€September€10,€2001).€Ð ê :  ÐAfter€revisiting€this€issue€under€the€standards€announced€in€òòEly€óóandòò€Bowersóó,€we€reverse€theÐ Ô!$! Ðdefendantððs€convictions€and€remand€this€matter€for€a€new€trial.Ð ¾"" ÐÌBecause€òòEly€óóandòò€Bowersóó€involve€the€issue€of€lesser„included€offenses€only,€the€remand€does€not€alterÐ ’$â$ Ðthe€analyses€in€our€original€opinion€as€to€other€issues.€€However,€the€necessity€of€a€new€trial€doesÐ |%Ì % Ðrender€premature€our€earlier€determination€to€dismiss€the€conviction€for€aggravated€assault.€€So€asÐ f&¶!& Ðto€avoid€confusion,€sections€I€and€II€from€our€original€opinion€will€be€restated€in€their€entirety.€Ð P' "' ÐSections€III€and€IV,€dealing€with€the€conviction€for€aggravated€assault€and€the€issue€of€lesser„Ð :(Š#( Ðincluded€offenses,€have€been€changed.Ð $)t$) ÐÓ<ÓÌò òòòT.€R.€A.€P.€3€APPEAL€AS€OF€RIGHTóó;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Reversed€andÐ ø*H&+ ÐRemanded.ó óÐ ä+4', Ðâ âÐ Î,(-ý ÐòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼YÜ»àX!Üd #ÔÔ‡X!ÜX.¼YÜÔCornelia€A.€Clark,€Sp.€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€H.€Wellesóó€andÐ ° Ðâ âòòAlan€E.€Glennóó,€JJ.€joined.Ð šê ÐÌJ.€Colin€Morris,€for€the€appellant,€Reginald€Ô_ÔMerriweatherÔ_Ô.Ð n¾ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General,€Mark€E.€Davidson,€Assistant€Attorney€General,€Jerry€G.Ð B ’ ÐÔ_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General,€and€Donald€H.€Allen,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ , | Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð  f ÐÓMÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINION€ON€REMANDó óÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü|#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÐ ê :  ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü[#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÓ  Óà  àOn€April€17,€1998,€James€Thomas€Wyatt€was€dating€a€woman€named€Elizabeth€Smith,€whoÐ ¾  Ðlived€in€an€apartment€on€Ô_ÔRidgemontÔ_Ô€Drive€in€Madison€County.€€He€had€used€crack€cocaine€earlierÐ ¨ø  Ðin€the€day.€€According€to€Wyatt,€around€12:30€or€1:00€Miguel€Miller€and€defendant€ReginaldÐ ’â  ÐÔ_ÔMerriweatherÔ_Ô€arrived€at€the€Ô_ÔRidgemontÔ_Ô€Drive€house.€€He€had€never€met€them€before.€€TheyÐ |Ì  Ðattempted€to€sell€Mr.€Wyatt€some€crack€cocaine.€€Wyatt€agreed€to€purchase€cocaine,€and€Miller€leftÐ f¶  Ðto€get€it.Ð P  ÐÌà  àA€few€minutes€later€Wyatt€and€the€defendant€received€a€call€to€come€to€another€residence׃!×Ý ƒ )ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð $t Ðto€purchase€cocaine.€€The€defendant€went€with€Wyatt€to€that€residence.׃ ×Ý ƒ )ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Wyatt€waited€in€the€livingÐ ^ Ðroom€while€the€two€men€went€into€a€bedroom.€€A€small€boy€also€was€present€in€the€living€room,Ð øH Ðwatching€cartoons€on€television.€€Wyatt€testified€that€Miguel€Miller€and€the€defendant€then€gesturedÐ â2 Ðto€him€to€come€into€a€back€bedroom.€€Wyatt€understood€that€he€was€going€to€be€handed€cocaineÐ Ì Ðwhen€he€arrived€in€the€bedroom.€€However,€he€was€instead€confronted€by€€Miller,€€who€took€a€knifeÐ ¶ Ðand€slit€Wyattððs€throat.€€Wyatt€asked€why€Miller€had€done€this,€and€he€responded,€ð ðBecause€I€wantedÐ  ð Ðto.ðð€€Miller€then€slashed€him€in€the€stomach.€€Wyatt€began€to€fall€backward.€€DefendantÐ ŠÚ ÐÔ_ÔMerriweatherÔ_Ô€pushed€him€forward€so€that€he€would€fall€on€a€mattress€instead€of€on€the€floor.€€At€thatÐ tÄ Ðpoint€Mr.€Wyatt€lapsed€into€unconsciousness.Ð ^® ÐÌà  àThe€next€thing€Wyatt€remembered€was€being€placed€into€the€back€seat€of€his€own€truck€byÐ 2‚ ÐMiller€and€Ô_ÔMerriweatherÔ_Ô.€€While€he€was€riding€down€the€road€in€the€back€of€the€truck€he€heard€oneÐ  l Ðof€the€defendants€say€to€the€other,€ð ðWe€need€to€make€sure€this€white€m„„„„„€f„„„„„€is€deadðð.€€The€otherÐ !V Ðdefendant€then€slapped€him€in€the€head.€€The€victim€could€not€identify€which€man€took€which€action,Ð ð!@  Ðbecause€he€did€not€open€his€eyes€during€this€time€period.€€He€wanted€the€defendants€to€think€he€wasÐ Ú"*! Ðdead.€€Once€again€he€lost€consciousness.Ð Ä#" ÐÐ ®$þ# Ðà  àWyatt€next€remembered€waking€up€in€his€truck€and€finding€that€he€was€locked€in€and€had€noÐ ° Ðkeys.€€The€truck€had€been€wedged€between€some€trees.€€His€wallet€containing€$700.00€was€missing.€Ð šê ÐWyatt€finally€managed€to€kick€a€window€out€of€the€truck€and€exit.€€He€found€two€jackets€in€the€toolÐ „Ô Ðbox.€€He€wrapped€them€around€his€wounds€and€walked€toward€the€sound€of€a€running€lawn€mower.Ð n¾ ÐÌà  àGregory€Allen€Ô_ÔJeffriesÔ_Ô€was€mowing€his€lawn€when€he€heard€his€dogs€barking€and€observedÐ B ’ Ða€man€he€did€not€know€standing€in€the€middle€of€a€field.€€He€approached€the€man,€Mr.€Wyatt,€andÐ , | Ðdiscovered€that€his€neck€was€severely€cut.€Wyatt€was€very€weak€and€bloody.€€Ô_ÔJeffriesÔ_Ô€called€for€anÐ  f Ðambulance,€then€placed€Wyatt€in€the€back€of€his€own€truck€and€drove€him€up€to€the€main€road€to€waitÐ  P Ðfor€medical€personnel€to€arrive.€Ð ê :  ÐÌà  àDeputy€Chad€Lowery€of€the€Madison€County€Sheriffððs€Department€was€dispatched€to€theÐ ¾  ÐÔ_ÔJeffriesÔ_Ô€home€in€Madison€County€to€investigate€a€reported€stabbing.€€€When€Deputy€Lowery€arrivedÐ ¨ø  Ðhe€encountered€Mr.€Wyatt,€who€had€suffered€a€severe€cut€on€his€neck€and€was€bleeding€profusely.€Ð ’â  ÐWyatt€was€holding€an€army€jacket€or€some€article€of€clothing€to€his€neck€to€stop€the€blood€flow.€Ð |Ì  ÐWyatt€appeared€to€be€conscious€at€that€time.€€Deputy€Lowery€also€noticed€another€injury€to€Mr.Ð f¶  ÐWyattððs€chest.€€He€assisted€in€placing€Wyatt€in€the€ambulance,€then€drove€his€car€to€the€hospital.€Ð P  ÐDoctors€there€immediately€began€to€work€on€Mr.€Wyatt.Ð :Š ÐÌà  àWyatt€was€hospitalized€for€eight€days.€€He€suffered€permanent€paralysis€to€the€right€side€ofÐ ^ Ðhis€face€because€of€the€cuts€he€sustained.Ð øH ÐÌà  àSheriff€David€Ô_ÔWoolforkÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€participated€in€the€investigation,€which€eventuallyÐ Ì Ðled€officers€to€Miguel€Miller€and€the€defendant.€€Ô_ÔWoolforkÔ_Ô€conducted€the€initial€interview€of€MiguelÐ ¶ ÐMiller.€€Miller€gave€his€written€consent€for€officers€to€search€the€Hickory€Hollow€residence.€€MillerÐ  ð Ðgave€a€statement€admitting€his€involvement€in€the€stabbing€and€robbery.€€As€a€result,€Miller€wasÐ ŠÚ Ðcharged€with€attempted€first€degree€murder,€aggravated€assault,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery.€Ð tÄ ÐMiller€eventually€pled€guilty€to€each€of€those€offenses.Ð ^® ÐÌà  àInvestigator€Anthony€Ô_ÔHeavnerÔ_Ô€participated€in€gathering€evidence€from€the€crime€scene€andÐ 2‚ Ðthe€truck.€€Blood€was€observed€in€both€locations.€€Ô_ÔHeavnerÔ_Ô€obtained€two€knives€that€were€hiddenÐ  l Ðunderneath€the€mattress€in€the€defendantððs€bedroom.€€He€also€identified€cocaine€found€in€that€room,Ð !V Ðand€photographs€taken€of€the€crime€scene.€€Ð ð!@  ÐÌà  àÔ_ÔHeavnerÔ_Ô€also€interviewed€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€signed€a€waiver€of€rights€form€beforeÐ Ä#" Ðspeaking.€€His€statement€was€recorded€and€played€for€the€jury€at€trial.€€Defendant€told€DetectiveÐ ®$þ# ÐÔ_ÔHeavnerÔ_Ô€that€he€first€met€the€victim€with€Miguel€Miller€at€a€house€on€Ô_ÔRidgemontÔ_Ô.€€Defendant€thenÐ ˜%è $ Ðleft€and€returned€to€the€Hickory€Hollow€Road€residence€he€shared€with€his€girlfriend€and€Miller.€€AÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðshort€time€later€Miller€returned€to€the€Hickory€Hollow€residence€on€foot.€€He€then€got€a€truck,€left,Ð l'¼"& Ðand€returned€with€Wyatt.Ð V(¦#' Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌà  àAccording€to€defendantððs€statement,€Miller€and€Wyatt€went€into€defendantððs€bedroom€toÐ **z%) Ðð ðÔ_Ômak[eÔ_Ô]€some€transactionsðð.€€Defendant€paid€no€attention€to€them,€but€remained€in€the€living€room,Ð +d&* Ðwaiting€for€his€young€son€to€come€in€from€school.€€Miller€then€called€to€the€defendant€to€come€to€theÐ þ+N'+ ÐÔ_Ôbedroom.€€When€defendant€arrived€in€the€bedroom,€he€found€that€Wyattððs€throat€had€been€cut€andÐ ° Ðhe€was€bleeding€profusely.€€However,€Wyatt€was€still€conscious.€€He€was€saying€his€money€alreadyÐ šê Ðhad€been€taken,€and€begging€for€his€life.€€Defendant€claimed€he€had€no€advance€knowledge€ofÐ „Ô ÐMillerððs€actions.Ð n¾ ÐÌà  àDefendant€stated€to€Heavner€that€Miller€then€asked€for€his€help€in€disposing€of€Wyatt.€Ð B ’ ÐDefendant€acknowledged€that€he€helped€load€Wyatt€into€the€truck,€then€drove€with€him€to€a€desertedÐ , | Ðfield€and€hid€the€truck€in€some€bushes.€€During€that€trip€Miller€gave€defendant€half€of€the€money.€Ð  f ÐAccording€to€defendant,€he€then€jumped€out€of€the€truck€and€ran€to€a€relativeððs€trailer.Ð  P ÐÌà  àMiguel€Miller€testified€for€the€defendant€at€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€met€Wyatt€at€Ms.€SmithððsÐ Ô $  Ðhouse,€and€that€they€got€involved€in€doing€drugs€together.€€They€smoked€a€gram€of€crack€cocaine.€Ð ¾  ÐAccording€to€Miller,€defendant€Merriweather€was€not€present€at€the€Smith€residence.Ð ¨ø  ÐÌà  àLater€Miller€and€Wyatt€rode€in€Wyattððs€truck€back€to€Millerððs€house.€€Defendant€was€presentÐ |Ì  Ðthere.€€Wyatt€had€agreed€to€buy€more€crack€from€Miller.€€Miller€testified€that€he€originally€plannedÐ f¶  Ðto€rob€Wyatt,€and€then€decided€to€cut€his€throat.€€He€testified€that€prior€to€executing€it,€he€discussedÐ P  Ðthe€robbery€plan€with€the€defendant,€who€tried€to€stop€him.€€Miller,€high€on€cocaine,€would€notÐ :Š Ðlisten.€€He€stated€that€he€used€two€different€knives€in€the€stabbing.€€Miller€denied€that€defendantÐ $t Ðknew€anything€about€his€actions€or€assisted€him€in€any€way€in€the€stabbing.Ð ^ ÐÌà  àMiller€testified€that€he€asked€Wyatt€for€his€money€while€he€was€sitting€on€the€bedÐ â2 Ðimmediately€after€the€stabbing.€€By€this€time€defendant€had€returned€to€the€living€room,€and€did€notÐ Ì Ðwitness€the€robbery.€€Wyatt€then€passed€out.€€Miller€wrapped€him€in€a€blanket,€carried€him€outside,Ð ¶ Ðand€loaded€him€into€the€truck.€€Defendant€again€did€not€participate€in€this€process.€€He€was€angryÐ  ð Ðat€Miller,€and€attempted€to€convince€him€to€take€Wyatt€to€the€hospital.€€Miller€refused.€€DefendantÐ ŠÚ Ðrode€with€Miller€into€the€countryside€to€leave€the€victim€and€his€truck.€€They€left€the€truck€andÐ tÄ Ðwalked€to€the€home€of€Millerððs€cousin.Ð ^® ÐÌà  àAccording€to€Miller,€Wyatt€had€only€$100€with€him.€€Miller€claimed€none€of€that€money€wasÐ 2‚ Ðgiven€to€the€defendant.€€Instead,€Miller€gave€defendant€fifty€dollars€of€his€own€money€for€rent€thatÐ  l Ðwas€due.€€The€money€was€transferred€at€the€house,€before€the€robbery€occurred.€€Miller€also€testifiedÐ !V Ðthat€defendant€Merriweather€did€not€smoke€cocaine,€although€he€did€drink.€€Merriweather€did€notÐ ð!@  Ðparticipate€in€the€crimes€in€any€way.€€Miller€stated€he€planned€the€robbery€from€the€beginning.Ð Ú"*! ÐÌà  àMiller€acknowledged€that€he€had€already€pled€guilty€in€this€case€to€attempted€first€degreeÐ ®$þ# Ðmurder,€especially€aggravated€robbery,€and€aggravated€assault.Ð ˜%è $ ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination€Millerððs€testimony€varied€significantly€from€both€his€ownÐ l'¼"& Ðtestimony€on€direct€examination€and€from€defendantððs€written€statement.€€He€€agreed€that€theÐ V(¦#' Ðstabbing€occurred€in€defendantððs€bedroom€rather€than€Millerððs.€€He€also€stated€that€he€obtainedÐ @)$( Ð$200.00,€rather€than€$100.00,€from€Wyatt.€€Miller€reiterated€that,€when€he€told€the€defendant€that€heÐ **z%) Ðplanned€to€rob€Wyatt,€defendant€tried€to€talk€him€out€of€it.€€Ð +d&* ÐÐ þ+N'+ Ðà  àHowever,€when€he€was€then€asked€if€defendant€had€taken€any€steps€to€warn€Wyatt€of€theÐ ° Ðplanned€robbery,€Miller€again€changed€his€story.€€He€stated€that€he€did€not€advise€defendant€aboutÐ šê Ðthe€robbery€in€advance.€€He€then€became€argumentative,€refusing€to€answer€the€questions€posed€toÐ „Ô Ðhim,€demanding€to€know€whether€they€had€been€posed€to€the€defendant.€€On€several€occasions€theÐ n¾ Ðtrial€judge€instructed€him€to€answer.€€Miller€changed€his€testimony€again,€stating€that€he€toldÐ X¨ Ðdefendant€about€the€robbery€in€advance,€and€the€defendant€tried€to€stop€him.€€Miller€denied€thatÐ B ’ Ðdefendantððs€son€was€present€during€the€events€in€question.€€He€also€denied€there€were€any€drugs€inÐ , | Ðthe€residence.€€When€shown€one€of€the€photographs€taken€by€police€in€defendantððs€bedroom,€he€firstÐ  f Ðadmitted€cocaine€was€present€in€the€defendantððs€room.€€However,€he€claimed€it€was€his.€€AlmostÐ  P Ðimmediately,€however,€he€returned€to€his€position€that€there€was€no€cocaine€in€the€Hickory€HollowÐ ê :  Ðapartment.Ð Ô $  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf.€€Contradicting€Millerððs€testimony,€heÐ ¨ø  Ðacknowledged€first€meeting€Wyatt€at€Elizabeth€Smithððs€house.€€He€admitted€drinking€three€or€fourÐ ’â  Ðbeers€while€he€was€there,€but€denied€using€drugs.€€He€said€that€he€and€Miller€left€together€andÐ |Ì  Ðreturned€to€their€residence.€€Miller€left€and€returned€to€Smithððs€house.€€After€ten€or€fifteen€minutesÐ f¶  Ðhe€returned€with€Wyatt€in€a€gray€truck.€Wyatt€entered€the€house€with€Miller.Ð P  ÐÌà  àDefendant€then€testified€that€Miller€called€him€to€the€bedroom€and€told€him€he€planned€toÐ $t Ðrob€Wyatt.€€Defendant€claimed€he€thought€Miller€was€joking,€because€he€was€high€on€cocaine.€Ð ^ ÐDefendant€saw€his€son€approaching€outside,€so€he€left€the€bedroom€where€he€understood€the€otherÐ øH Ðtwo€men€would€conduct€a€drug€transaction.€€He€first€said€he€spoke€to€his€son,€then€stated€that€heÐ â2 Ðmerely€saw€his€son€walking€down€the€hill€outside.€€Miller€then€called€to€him€to€come€to€the€bedroom.Ð Ì ÐÌà  àDefendant€walked€into€the€bedroom€and€found€that€Wyattððs€throat€had€been€cut.€€That€sightÐ  ð Ðmade€him€panic,€so€he€quickly€ran€outside€and€sent€his€son€to€a€friendððs€house.€€Then€he€returnedÐ ŠÚ Ðinside€to€the€bedroom.€€He€found€Wyatt€with€blood€gushing€from€his€neck,€conscious€and€saying,Ð tÄ Ðð ðIððve€done€gave€you€all€my€money.€€Just€donððt€do€that€no€more.ðð€€Miller€picked€Wyatt€up,€wrappedÐ ^® Ðhim€in€a€blanket,€and€indicated€he€planned€to€put€him€in€his€truck.€€Defendant€testified€that€heÐ H˜ Ðcontinued€to€try€to€stop€Miller.€€He€was€standing€by€the€truck€when€Miller€threw€Wyatt€in.€€WyattððsÐ 2‚ Ðhead€ð ðflopped€outðð,€throwing€blood€onto€the€defendant.€€Defendant€pushed€his€head€back€in€and€gotÐ  l Ðinto€the€truck.€€Miller€then€drove€off.Ð !V ÐÌà  àDefendant€testified€that€he€continued€begging€Miller€to€take€Wyatt€to€the€hospital.€€MillerÐ Ú"*! Ðwas€ð ðacting€crazyðð.€€They€actually€passed€the€hospital,€but€Miller€would€not€stop.€€Miller€drove€toÐ Ä#" Ða€field€behind€his€grandparentsðð€home€and€left€Wyatt€and€the€truck.€€Although€he€was€scared€ofÐ ®$þ# ÐMiller,€defendant€followed€him€on€foot€to€another€house.Ð ˜%è $ ÐÌà  àConcerning€the€money,€defendant€testified€that€Miller€gave€him€$100€for€rent,€just€as€he€didÐ l'¼"& Ðevery€week.€He€denied€seeing€Miller€take€money€from€Wyatt,€or€receiving€any€of€Wyattððs€moneyÐ V(¦#' Ðhimself.Ð @)$( ÐÌà  àDefendant€admitted€that€he€did€not€warn€Wyatt€about€the€robbery€plan€because€he€did€notÐ +d&* Ðbelieve€Miller€was€serious.€€Defendant€denied€slapping€the€victim€or€saying€they€needed€to€be€sureÐ þ+N'+ Ðhe€was€dead.€€Defendant€asserted€that€both€Wyatt€and€Miller€had€testified€incorrectly€about€theÐ ° Ðevents€in€question,€probably€because€both€were€high€on€cocaine€at€the€time.€€Defendant€admitted€thatÐ šê ÐMiller€often€smoked€crack€cocaine,€but€was€unaware€that€he€sold€it.€€Defendant€admitted€that€heÐ „Ô Ðoften€drank€beer€and€smoked€marijuana€with€Miller.Ð n¾ ÐÌà  àDefendant€denied€that€he€had€participated€in€any€way€in€the€crimes.€€He€admitted€he€hadÐ B ’ Ðseveral€prior€felony€and€misdemeanor€convictions.€€He€asserted€that€he€had€cooperated€fully€withÐ , | Ðlaw€enforcement€officers.€Ð  f ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination€defendant€confirmed€the€details€of€his€prior€convictions.€€He€alsoÐ ê :  Ðadmitted€using€marijuana,€but€denied€using€cocaine.Ð Ô $  ÐÌà  àDefendant€reiterated€that€he€and€Miller€left€Elizabeth€Smithððs€house€and€returned€to€their€ownÐ ¨ø  Ðresidence€together.€€Miller€then€went€back€to€Smithððs€and€returned€with€Wyatt€in€Wyattððs€truck.€Ð ’â  ÐWyatt€sat€down€in€the€living€room€and€Miller€went€back€to€defendantððs€bedroom.€€Miller€then€calledÐ |Ì  Ðdefendant€back€and€told€him€he€planned€to€rob€Wyatt.€€Defendant€opposed€this€plan,€then€left€theÐ f¶  Ðroom€as€Wyatt€entered.€€He€did€not€mention€the€robbery€plan€to€Wyatt€as€they€passed.€€When€he€wasÐ P  Ðcalled€back€in€a€few€minutes€later,€Wyattððs€throat€had€been€cut.€€Defendant€then€went€and€told€hisÐ :Š Ðson€not€to€enter€the€house.€€He€denied€that€his€son€ever€entered€the€house.€€He€testified€that€WyattÐ $t Ðwatched€cartoons€alone.Ð ^ ÐÌà  àDefendant€testified€that€he€knew€Miller€kept€a€knife,€but€he€did€not€see€it€prior€to€theÐ â2 Ðstabbing.€€He€did€not€warn€Wyatt€about€the€impending€robbery€because€he€did€not€believe€it€wouldÐ Ì Ðhappen.€€He€vehemently€denied€being€in€the€bedroom€when€the€stabbing€and€robbery€occurred.€€HeÐ ¶ Ðalso€denied€touching€him€or€helping€carry€him€to€the€truck.€€His€only€contact€with€Wyatt€was€to€pushÐ  ð Ðhis€head€back€into€the€truck.Ð ŠÚ ÐÌà  àDefendant€stated€that€he€was€in€a€panic€from€the€time€he€first€observed€the€injured€Wyatt.€Ð ^® ÐHe€had€gotten€his€life€back€together€after€serving€several€prison€terms.€€He€had€a€job.€€He€knew€heÐ H˜ Ðneeded€to€get€help€for€Wyatt.€€That€is€why€he€got€into€the€truck€with€Miller.€€He€admitted€that€heÐ 2‚ Ðnever€phoned€for€help,€even€after€leaving€Miller.€€He€denied€receiving€any€of€Wyattððs€money,€andÐ  l Ðsaid€the€reference€to€ð ðhalf€the€moneyðð€meant€half€of€the€rent€that€was€due.€€He€continued€to€assertÐ !V Ðthat€he€did€not€stay€behind€and€go€for€help€because€he€was€in€shock.Ð ð!@  ÐÌÓ  ÓI.Ð Ä#" ÐÓÏ^ÓÌà  àDefendant€first€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motion€for€a€mistrial€afterÐ ˜%è $ Ða€juror,€Mr.€Harris,€allegedly€tainted€the€entire€jury€pool€with€remarks€concerning€his€inability€to€beÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðimpartial.€€The€specific€exchange€complained€of€occurred€at€the€very€beginning€of€the€assistantÐ l'¼"& Ðdistrict€attorneyððs€voir€dire€of€the€potential€jury€panel:Ð V(¦#' ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓ'°ÈXX€%ŒX°œX'Óò òMR.€ALLEN:à0  àAll€right,€let€me€make€sure€I€have€everyone€in€the€rightÐ **z%) Ðplace.€€Mr.€Harris,€Mr.€Brook€and€Ms.€Cash€and€Ms.Ð +d&* ÐRowland.€€I€think€I€got€everybody.à È àà  àà x àÐþ+N'+Ð Ð  ÐÓ+ °œX°ÈXX€%ŒXá`+ÓÓ$‰XØ'ŒX°œX$Óà0  àHave€each€of€you€four€been€able€to€hear€all€of€myÐ ° Ðstatements€and€questions€of€your€fellow€jurors?КêÐ Ð  Ðà0  àI€assume€none€of€you€know€any€of€the€people€involved€inÐ „Ô Ðthis€case.€€Or€do€you?Ðn¾Ð Ð  Ðà  àOkay,€Mr.€Harris,€you€do.Ð X¨ ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àIððve€met€him.ÐB ’Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àYou€have€met€Mr.€Merriweather?Ð, |Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àYeah,€through€a€friend,€you€know,€over€at€a€house,€over€atÐ  f Ðsomebody€elseððs€house.Ð PÐ Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àYou€met€him€over€at€a€friendððs€house?Ðê : Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àYeah.ÐÔ $ Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àAbout€how€long€ago€has€that€been?о Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àI€donððt€remember.€€A€year€or€so€ago.Шø Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àWas€this€a€close€friend€of€yours€whose€house€you€were€atÐ ’â  Ðwhen€you€met€him?Ð|Ì Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àThe€lady€was.Ðf¶ Ð Ð  ÐÌMR.€ALLEN:à0  àAnd€did€you,€I€guess,€have€a€conversation€with€Mr.Ð :Š ÐMerriweather€that€night€or€that€day?Ð$tÐ Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àNo.€€I€just€knew€him€through€another€person€he€wasÐ ^ Ðvisiting€with,€a€conversation€with€him.ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àHave€you€seen€or€talked€to€him€since€that€one€occasion?Ðâ2Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àNo.ÐÌÐ Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àBut€you€do€know€Mr.€Merriweather.€€Have€you€met€anyÐ ¶ Ðof€his€family€or€any€of€his€associates€or€friends?РðÐ Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àI€know€Mr.€Merriweather,€but€I€donððt€know€any€of€hisÐ ŠÚ Ðfamily.ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àBut€you€do€know€the€Defendant.Ð^®Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àYeah,€Iððve€seen€him.ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àDo€you€think€that€might€in€some€way€affect€your€ability€toÐ 2‚ Ðmake€a€fair€and€impartial€decision€in€his€case,€the€factÐ  l Ðthat€you€know€him€and€met€him?Ð!VÐ Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àI€donððt€know.€€The€way€I€know€him,€being€the€situation€itÐ ð!@  Ðwas€when€I€met€him.ÐÚ"*!Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àAll€right.€€Something€about€the€situation€or€the€way€thatÐ Ä#" Ðyou€met€him€that€you€think€might€make€it€difficult€for€youÐ ®$þ# Ðto€serve€as€a€fair€and€impartial€juror?И%è $Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àYes,€it€was.Ђ&Ò!%Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àWithout€getting€into€what€the€details€were,€do€you€thinkÐ l'¼"& Ðit€might?ÐV(¦#'Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àIt€might,€because€ð!ð€you€know,€like€I€said,€because€of€theÐ @)$( Ðsituation,€you€know,€the€way€I€met€him€and,€you€know,Ð **z%) Ðâ âwhere€the€place€was.Ð+d&*Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àWell,€the€bottom€line€is€whether€or€not€you€can€make€aÐ ° Ðâ âfair€and€impartial€decision.€€And€the€reason€weððre€askingÐ šê Ðyou€these€questions€is€whether€or€not€you€think€basedÐ „Ô Ðupon€your€contact€with€him€sometime€in€the€past,€becauseÐ n¾ Ðof€the€circumstances€of€that€contact,€is€that€going€to€playÐ X¨ Ða€part€in€that€decision?ÐB ’Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àI€donððt€know.€€It€may€not,€you€know.Ð, |Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àBut€youððre€just€not€sure.Ð fÐ Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àNo,€because,€like€I€said,€the€situation,€but€I€can€hear€theÐ  P Ðevidence.Ðê : Ð Ð  ÐMR.€ALLEN:à0  àOkay.€€Anybody€else€know€the€Defendant€or€have€anyÐ Ô $  Ðcontact€with€him€before?о Ð Ð  Ðà  àI€believe€thatððs€all.Ð ¨ø  ÐTHE€COURT:à0  àMr.€Morris.Ð’â Ð Ð  ÐMR.€MORRIS:à0  àMr.€Harris,€are€you€saying€you€canððt€be€impartial?€€Is€thatÐ |Ì  Ðwhat€Iððm€hearing?Ðf¶ Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àWell,€Iððm€just€saying,€you€know,€I€wouldnððt€want€to,€youÐ P  Ðknow,€to€do€nothing€to€jeopardize,€because€like€I€say,€IÐ :Š Ðhad€met€him€ð!ðÐ$tÐ Ð  ÐTHE€COURT:à0  àLetððs€donððt€get€into€any€details€about€this.Ð^Ð Ð  ÐMR.€MORRIS:à0  àI€just€want€to€know€if€you€can€be€fair€and€impartial,€thatððsÐ øH Ðall,€and€objective,€and€look€at€the€facts€in€this€case€inÐ â2 Ðparticular,€regardless€of€how€you€may€or€may€not€knowÐ Ì ÐMr.€Merriweather€or€where€you€were€or€whateverÐ ¶ Ðhappened.€€Can€you€look€at€this€case€objectively€and€listenÐ  ð Ðto€the€facts€from€the€witness€stand,€follow€the€JudgeððsÐ ŠÚ Ðinstructions,€hold€the€State€to€its€burden€of€proving€theÐ tÄ ÐDefendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€go€in€theÐ ^® Ðjury€room€and€deliberate€on€this€case?€€Can€you€do€allÐ H˜ Ðthat?Ð2‚Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àOh,€Iððm€not€sure€I€can€do€that,€you€know,€honestly,Ð  l Ðbecause€ð!ð€like€I€say,€because€I€knew€him.Ð!VÐ Ð  ÐTHE€COURT:à0  àI€take€it€that€you€understand€you€canððt€get€into€details€onÐ ð!@  Ðthe€matter,€but€there€is€something€thatððs€going€to€give€youÐ Ú"*! Ðproblems.€€I€kind€of€can€read€that€into€it,€right?ÐÄ#"Ð Ð  ÐJUROR€HARRIS:à0  àYes,€sir.Ю$þ#Ð Ð  ÐTHE€COURT:à0  àYouððre€excused.И%è $Ð Ð  Ðà  àJames€C.€Volner.Ð ‚&Ò!% ÐMR.€MORRIS:à0  àYour€Honor,€can€we€approach?Ðl'¼"&Ð Ð  ÐTHE€COURT:à0  àYes.ÐV(¦#'Ð Ð  Ð(There€was€a€conference€at€the€bench,€out€of€the€hearing€of€the€prospectiveÐ @)$( Ðjurors€as€follows.)Ð **z%) ÐMR.€MORRIS:à0  àYour€Honor,€Iððve€never€faced€a€situation€like€this€before,Ð +d&* Ðbut€I€think€I€better€make€an€objection.Ðþ+N'+Ð Ð  ÐTHE€COURT:à0  àOn€what?аРР ÐMR.€MORRIS:à0  àOr€ask€the€Court€to€consider€a€mistrial.€€Mr.€Harris€hasÐ šê Ðtainted€the€whole€jury€pool.€€Ð„ÔÐ Ð  ÐTHE€COURT:€à0  àLetððs€go€out€in€the€hall.Ðn¾Ð Ð  Ð(There€was€a€discussion€off€the€record;€and€jury€selection€continued€withoutÐ X¨ Ðfurther€objection.)ó óÐ B ’ ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÓ-°¸ ‰X€%ŒX‰XØ'ŒX-Óà  àA€mistrial€shall€be€declared€in€criminal€cases€only€in€the€event€that€a€manifest€necessityÐ  f Ðrequires€such€action.€€òòState€v.€Millbrooksóó,€819€S.W.2d€441€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€In€other€words,Ð  P Ða€mistrial€is€an€appropriate€remedy€only€when€a€trial€cannot€continue,€or€a€miscarriage€of€justiceÐ ê :  Ðwould€result€if€it€did.€€òòState€v.€McPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€365,€370€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€TheÐ Ô $  Ðdecision€to€grant€a€mistrial€lies€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€and€this€court€will€notÐ ¾  Ðinterfere€with€the€exercise€of€that€discretion€absent€clear€abuse€appearing€on€the€face€of€the€record.€Ð ¨ø  ÐòòSee€State€v.€Hallóó,€976€S.W.2d€121,€147€(Tenn.€1998).€€Moreover,€the€burden€of€establishing€theÐ ’â  Ðnecessity€for€mistrial€lies€with€the€party€seeking€it.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€929€S.W.2d€385,€388€(Tenn.Ð |Ì  ÐCrim.€App.€1996).Ð f¶  ÐÌà  àInitially,€we€note€that€the€defendant€has€not€preserved€in€the€record€the€argument€on€theÐ :Š Ðmotion€for€mistrial.€€It€is€the€appellantððs€duty€to€preserve€an€adequate€record€for€purposes€of€appeal.€Ð $t ÐTenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b);€òòState€v.€Bennettóó,€798€S.W.2d€783,€790€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Failure€toÐ ^ Ðdo€so€results€in€waiver€of€consideration€of€the€issue€on€appeal,€and€a€presumption€that€the€trial€courtÐ øH Ðruled€correctly.€€òòState€v.€Ivyóó,€868€S.W.2d€724,€728€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).Ð â2 ÐÌà  àSecond,€no€objection€was€made€by€defense€counsel€to€the€questions€being€posed€by€theÐ ¶ Ðprosecutor.€€Defense€counsel€himself€asked€a€similar€series€of€questions€in€the€presence€of€the€entireÐ  ð Ðjury€panel€before€deciding€to€present€his€motion.€€No€request€was€ever€made€for€individual€voir€dire.€Ð ŠÚ ЀThis€failure€to€object€also€normally€results€in€waiver€of€the€issue.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Littleóó,€854€S.W.2dÐ tÄ Ð643,€651€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).Ð ^® ÐÌà  àThird,€at€no€time€during€the€course€of€the€proceedings€did€defense€counsel€request€anyÐ 2‚ Ðcurative€instruction€to€the€jury€about€the€possible€prejudice€that€might€have€occurred.€€This€failure,Ð  l Ðtoo,€constitutes€waiver€of€the€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a);€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€733€S.W.2d€517,€522Ð !V Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€òòóóapp.€óódenied€(Tenn.€1987).Ð ð!@  ÐÌà  àFourth,€the€motion€for€new€trial€does€not€specifically€address€this€issue,€asserting€only€thatÐ Ä#" Ðð ðdefendant€was€not€tried€by€an€impartial€juryðð.€€Since€oral€argument€on€the€motion€is€not€preservedÐ ®$þ# Ðin€the€record,€we€are€unable€to€determine€if€this€issue€was€specifically€raised€to€the€trial€court.€€ThisÐ ˜%è $ Ðfailure€also€generally€results€in€waiver€of€the€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e).Ð ‚&Ò!% ÐÌà  àHowever,€a€review€by€this€court€of€the€entire€exchange€reveals€no€clear€prejudice€done€to€theÐ V(¦#' Ðdefendant€during€the€questioning€of€the€juror.€€The€juror€admitted€that€he€had€previously€met€theÐ @)$( Ðdefendant€at€a€friendððs€house,€and€had€had€a€single€conversation€with€him.€€He€expressed€uncertaintyÐ **z%) Ðabout€his€ability€to€be€fair€and€impartial€because€of€the€ð ðsituationðð€when€they€met.€€While€defenseÐ +d&* Ðcounsel€speculated€this€was€a€reference€to€some€improper€activity,€it€might€equally€have€been€aÐ þ+N'+ Ðsimple€reference€to€having€met€in€a€social€situation€and€sharing€mutual€friends.€€Both€trial€counselÐ ° Ðand€the€court€asked€the€prospective€juror€not€to€recite€any€details,€and€he€did€not.€€Absent€additionalÐ šê Ðinformation,€it€is€pure€speculation€as€to€what€caused€his€discomfort,€and€is€even€more€speculativeÐ „Ô Ðto€assume€that€other€members€of€the€potential€jury€panel€would€be€more€likely€to€assume€a€negativeÐ n¾ Ðrationale€rather€than€a€positive€one.€€Ð X¨ ÐÌà  àGenerally,€errors€committed€during€the€selection,€summoning€and€empaneling€of€juries€doÐ , | Ðnot€affect€the€validity€of€a€verdict€in€a€criminal€case€unless€prejudice€has€enured€to€the€accused.€€òòSeeÐ  f ÐHelton€v.€Stateóó,€195€Tenn.€36,€51,€255€S.W.2d€694,€700,€òòcert.€deniedóó,€346€U.S.€816,€74€S.Ct.€28,€98Ð  P ÐL.Ed.€343€(1953);€òòState€v.€Boydóó,€867€S.W.2d€330,€337€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992),€òòper.€app.€dismissedóóÐ ê :  Ð(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Elrodóó,€721€S.W.2d€820,€822€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.Ð Ô $  Ð1986);€òòState€v.€Wiseman,€óó643€S.W.2d€354,€359€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1982).€Ð ¾  ÐThe€defendant€has€failed€to€substantiate€his€claim€beyond€mere€speculation.€€He€has€notÐ ¨ø  Ðdemonstrated€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€any€error€that€was€committed€during€voir€dire.€€WithoutÐ ’â  Ðmore,€this€court€must€conclude€there€was€€no€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrial€and€that€the€trial€courtÐ |Ì  Ðdid€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€refusing€to€grant€a€mistrial.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð f¶  ÐÌÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔÓ  ÓII.Ð :Š ÐÓ  ÓÌà  àDefendant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€its€instructions€to€witness€Miguel€MillerÐ ^ Ðduring€his€testimony€before€the€jury.€€This€issue€was€not€raised€in€defendantððs€motion€for€a€new€trial.€Ð øH ÐTherefore,€it€is€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e).€€Ô#†X!ÜXX X!Üî“#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔÔ#† ¼YÜ»X X!ܹ#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔHowever,€defendant€asserts€that€the€judgeððs€remarksÐ â2 Ðconstitute€plain€error€and,€as€such,€are€subject€to€review.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€Ð Ì ÐÔ#†X!ÜXX X!Ü“•#ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ÜÕ•#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÌÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔà  àMiguel€Miller,€the€original€co„defendant€in€this€case,€was€called€by€the€defense€during€itsÐ  ð Ðcase€in€chief.€€During€cross„examination€by€the€assistant€district€attorney,€Miller€engaged€in€a€patternÐ ŠÚ Ðof€responding€to€the€prosecutorððs€questions€with€questions€of€his€own.€€His€answers€wereÐ tÄ Ðunresponsive€and€contradictory€on€a€number€of€occasions.€€On€four€separate€occasions€the€trial€judgeÐ ^® Ðasked€the€witness€to€answer€questions€specifically.€€The€witness€continued€his€unresponsive€answers.€Ð H˜ ÐThe€last€exchange,€challenged€by€defendant€in€his€brief,€was€as€follows:Ð 2‚ ÐÌØ! !ØÓ€ (ª½83ÓÒ°ÒÒ°Òò òà ` àQ.à  àØ! !ØYou€took€his€wallet?€€You€got€a€problem€there,€Mr.€Miller?Ð !V Ðà ` àA.à  àDo€you€have€a€problem?Ð ð!@  Ðà ` àQ.à  àYou€got€how€much€money€out€of€his€pocket?Ð Ú"*! Ðà ` àA.à  àI€already€told€you€that.Ð Ä#" Ðà ` àQ.à  àTell€me€again.€€I€donððt€remember.Ð ®$þ# Ðà ` àA.à  àYeah,€you€remember.Ð ˜%è $ Ðà ` àTHE€COURT:à h àHe€asked€how€much€money.€€Come€on,€Mr.€Miller.€Ð ‚&Ò!% ÐHow€much€money€did€you€get€from€him?Ð l'¼"& Ðà ` àTHE€WITNESS:à h àHe€already€know€that.€€I€ainððt€going€to€answer€thatÐ V(¦#' Ðagain.Ð @)$( Ðà ` àTHE€COURT:à h àYouððre€not?Ð **z%) Ðâ âà ` àTHE€WITNESS:à h àHe€already€knows€the€answer.Ð +d&* Ðà ` àTHE€COURT:à h àIf€you€donððt€answer€these€questions,€Iððm€going€toÐ ° Ðâ âtell€those€ladies€and€gentlemen€to€disregard€every€statement€youððve€made.€€AndÐ šê Ðif€you€want€me€to€do€that,€thatððs€what€Iððm€going€to€do,€every€word€that€you€say.€Ð „Ô ÐA€witness€cannot€get€on€the€stand,€give€the€testimony€they€want€to€and€refuse€toÐ n¾ Ðgive€it€„„€all€of€the€testimony.€€So€please€ð!ðÐ X¨ Ðà ` àA.à  àWhat€was€the€question€again?Ð B ’ Ðà ` àTHE€COURT:à h àPlease€cooperate€with€us,€Mr.€Miller.€€I€wish€youÐ , | Ðwould.€€If€you€donððt,€your€testimony€and€you€are€both€going€out€of€here.Ð  f Ðà ` àQ.à  àHow€much€money€did€you€get€from€Mr.€Wyatt?Ð  P Ðà ` àA.à  à$200.Ð ê :  Ðà ` àQ.à  àOkay.€€And€you€say€you€turned€around€and€give€him€$50.Ð Ô $  Ðà ` àA.à  àOf€my€check.Ð ¾  Ðó óÌà ` àÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òà  àTenn.€R.€Evid.€611(a)€provides€that€ð ða€court€shall€exercise€appropriate€control€over€theÐ |Ì  Ðpresentation€of€evidence...ðð€€The€propriety,€scope,€manner,€and€control€of€examination€of€witnessesÐ f¶  Ðis€entrusted€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court€and€will€not€be€interfered€with€absent€an€abuseÐ P  Ðof€that€discretion.€€òòState€v.€Hutchisonóó,€898€S.W.2d€€161,€172€(Tenn.€1994).€€The€defendant€neverÐ :Š Ðobjected€to€the€judgeððs€statement€to€the€witness,€never€asked€for€the€jury€to€be€excused,€never€askedÐ $t Ðfor€a€curative€instruction,€and€did€not€include€this€matter€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€€Ô#†X!ÜXX X!Ü—#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔÔ#† ¼YÜ»X X!Üú–#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔÐ ^ ÐÌà  àA€trial€court€may€admonish€a€witness€suspected€of€untruthfulness€of€the€significance€of€lyingÐ â2 Ðunder€oath.€€òòState€v.€Schaferóó,€973€S.W.2d€269,€278€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€However,€a€trial€courtÐ Ì Ðmay€not€declare€its€belief€the€witness€is€being€untruthful€and€threaten€the€witness€with€prosecutionÐ ¶ Ðfor€perjury€to€such€a€degree€that€the€witness€changes€his€testimony€to€the€detriment€of€the€defendant.€Ð  ð ÐòòId.óó€at€278.€€When€the€trial€courtððs€actions€exceed€the€bounds€of€an€appropriate€warning,€ð ðtheÐ ŠÚ Ðdefendantððs€right€to€a€fair€trial€is€compromised€and€the€outcome€of€the€trial€brought€into€questionðð.€Ð tÄ ÐòòId.óóÐ ^® ÐÌà  àThe€witness€in€this€case€clearly€evidenced,€through€his€actions,€that€he€did€not€intend€toÐ 2‚ Ðcooperate€with€the€prosecutorððs€attempt€to€conduct€cross„examination.€€He€had€to€be€admonishedÐ  l Ðmore€than€once.€€The€trial€judge€merely€attempted€to€require€him€to€be€more€responsive.€€He€did€notÐ !V Ðexceed€the€bounds€of€an€appropriate€warning.€€No€abuse€of€discretion€occurred.€€There€is€no€plainÐ ð!@  Ðerror.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð Ú"*! ÐÌÔ#†X!ÜXX X!ÜÏ¥#ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ܦ#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÓ  ÓIII.Ð ®$þ# ÐÓÓ«ÓÌà  àDefendant€next€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€sustain€his€convictions€ofÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðattempted€second€degree€murder,€aggravated€assault,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€Ô‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔWhen€anÐ l'¼"& Ðaccused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€the€standard€is€whether,€afterÐ V(¦#' Ðreviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ @)$( Ðhave€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443Ð **z%) ÐU.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€61€L.Ed.2d€560€(1979).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€theÐ +d&* Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÐ þ+N'+ Ðevidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Morrisóó,€24€S.W.3d€788,€795€(Tenn.Ð ° Ð2000).€€Nor€may€this€court€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€Ð šê Ð(Tenn.€1992).€€A€verdict€of€guilty€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimonyÐ „Ô Ðof€the€stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð n¾ ÐCazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994).Ð X¨ ÐÌà  àÔ#†X!ÜXX X!ÜÙ¬#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔÔ#† ¼YÜ»X X!Ü´«#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔThe€defendant€was€charged€with€attempt€to€commit€first€degree€murder,€aggravated€assault,Ð , | Ðand€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€He€was€convicted€of€attempt€to€commit€second€degree€murder,Ð  f Ðaggravated€assault,€and€especially€aggravated€robberyÔ#† ¼YÜ»X X!Ü'²#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔÔ#†X!ÜXX X!Üå±#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔ.Ð  P ÐÌà  àTo€obtain€a€conviction€for€attempted€second€degree€murder,€the€state€must€prove€thatÐ Ô $  Ðdefendant€knowingly€attempted€to€kill€the€victim.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð39„12„101,€39-13„210.€Ð ¾  ÐÌà  àTo€obtain€a€conviction€for€especially€aggravated€robbery,€the€state€must€prove€(1)€theÐ ’â  Ðdefendant€perpetrated€an€intentional€or€knowing€theft€of€property€from€the€person€of€another€byÐ |Ì  Ðviolence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear;€(2)€the€defendant€accomplished€the€theft€with€a€deadlyÐ f¶  Ðweapon;€and€(3)€the€victim€suffered€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð39„13„403(a)€andÐ P  Ð39-13„401.Ð :Š ÐÌà  àTo€obtain€a€conviction€for€aggravated€assault,€the€state€must€prove€the€defendant€(1)Ð ^ Ðintentionally€or€knowingly€committed€an€assault€as€defined€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÐ øH Ð39„13„101€and,€(2)€caused€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€victim€or€used€or€displayed€a€deadly€weapon.€Ð â2 ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„13„102(a).Ð Ì ÐÌà  àA€person€may€be€convicted€of€each€of€these€three€offenses€under€a€criminal€responsibilityÐ  ð Ðtheory.€€A€defendant€is€criminally€responsible€as€a€party€to€an€offense€if€the€offense€is€committed€byÐ ŠÚ Ðthe€defendantððs€own€conduct,€by€the€conduct€of€another€for€which€the€defendant€is€criminallyÐ tÄ Ðresponsible,€or€by€both.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„401(a).€€A€defendant€is€criminally€responsibleÐ ^® Ðfor€an€offense€committed€by€the€conduct€of€another€if,€acting€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€in€theÐ H˜ Ðcommission€of€the€offense,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€defendantÐ 2‚ Ðsolicits,€directs,€aids,€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense.€€òòSee€óóTenn.€Code€Ann.Ð  l Ððð39-11-402(2).Ð !V ÐÌà  àBoth€Miguel€Miller€and€the€defendant€testified€that€Miller€advised€defendant€in€advanceÐ Ú"*! Ðabout€his€plan€to€rob€the€victim.€€The€victim€testified€that€the€two€men€were€together€alone€in€theÐ Ä#" Ðbedroom€before€he€entered€and€that,€immediately€upon€his€entry,€Miller€attacked€him€with€twoÐ ®$þ# Ðdifferent€knifes,€seriously€injuring€him,€and€took€his€money.€€He€testified€that€the€defendant€€assistedÐ ˜%è $ Ðby€directing€his€body€to€fall€in€a€location€where€blood€would€not€be€spilled€across€the€room.€€BothÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðmen€then€assisted€in€placing€him€in€his€truck,€driving€him€to€a€deserted€location,€locking€him€in€theÐ l'¼"& Ðtruck,€and€leaving€him€there€without€assistance.€€One€of€the€men€commented€to€the€other€during€theÐ V(¦#' Ðdrive€that€they€needed€to€be€sure€he€was€dead.€€Defendant€also€acknowledged€receiving€money€fromÐ @)$( ÐMiller€shortly€after€Miller€took€money€from€the€victim.€€He€never€warned€the€victim,€called€theÐ **z%) Ðpolice,€or€sought€to€get€the€victim€any€assistance.€€The€victim€was€hospitalized€for€eight€days€andÐ +d&* Ðsuffered€partial€paralysis€to€his€face€as€a€result€of€his€injuries.Ð þ+N'+ ÐÑ#Oa Ñâ #âѰ°Ñâ #âÑ  ÑÌà  àA€verdict€of€guilty€accredits€the€theory€of€the€state€and€removes€the€presumption€ofÐ šê Ðinnocence.€€While€the€testimony€in€this€case€was€contradictory,€the€jury€could€have€concluded,€takingÐ „Ô Ðall€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€that€the€defendant€was€criminally€responsibleÐ n¾ Ðfor€the€attempted€murder,€aggravated€assault,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery€of€the€victim.€€TheÐ X¨ Ðjury€needed€only€to€find€that€the€defendant,€acting€with€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€theÐ B ’ Ðcommission€of€the€offenses,€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€of€the€offense,€aided€Miller€in€committingÐ , | Ðthe€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„402(2).€€The€proof€is€sufficient€to€support€the€convictionsÐ  f Ðon€all€three€counts.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð  P ÐÌà  àIn€our€original€opinion€we€dismissed€the€defendantððs€conviction€for€aggravated€assault€basedÐ Ô $  Ðon€double€jeopardy€issues.€€The€Tennessee€Constitution€protects€defendants€from€multipleÐ ¾  Ðpunishments€for€the€same€offense.€€òòSee€óóTenn.€Const.€Art.1,€ðð10;€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,€938€S.W.2d€373,Ð ¨ø  Ð378€(Tenn.€1996).€€Because€this€case€is€being€remanded€for€a€new€trial,€it€is€premature€to€address€thisÐ ’â  Ðissue.€€However,€our€analysis€of€that€issue€is€still€valid.€€Should€the€defendant€after€retrial€beÐ |Ì  Ðconvicted€of€both€attempted€homicide€and€aggravated€assault€arising€out€of€a€single€attack€on€aÐ f¶  Ðsingle€victim,€the€trial€court€should€apply€the€three€prongs€of€the€òòDentonóó€test€to€determine€if€a€doubleÐ P  Ðjeopardy€violation€has€occurred.Ð :Š ÐÌÔ#†X!ÜXX X!ܳ#ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü€³#ÔÔ‡ ¼YÜ»»¼YÜÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔÓ  ÓIV.Ð ^ ÐÌÓÉÓà  àThe€defendant€finally€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€aboutÐ â2 Ðthe€possible€lesser„included€offenses€of€criminal€responsibility€for€facilitation€of€a€felony€andÐ Ì Ðaccessory€after€the€fact.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð39„11„403,€39„11„411.€€This€issue€was€not€raisedÐ ¶ Ðat€trial€or€in€the€motion€for€new€trial.€€Therefore,€generally€it€is€deemed€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð  ð Ð3(e).Ð ŠÚ ÐÌà  àAdditionally,€defendant€in€his€brief€does€not€cite€any€case€law€in€support€of€his€argument.€Ð ^® ÐHis€entire€argument€on€this€issue€is:Ð H˜ ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òò òIV.€€WHETHER€THE€COURT€COMMITTED€PLAIN€ERROR€BY€NOTÐ  l ÐINSTRUCTION€(sic)€THE€JURY€OF€THE€LESSER€INCLUDED€OFFENSESÐ !V ÐOF€CRIMINAL€RESPONSIBILITY€FOR€FACILITATION€OF€A€FELONYÐ ð!@  ÐAND€ACCESSORY€AFTER€THE€FACT.Ð Ú"*! ÐÌà ` àIt€is€the€Defendantððs€position€that€the€Court€committed€Plain€Error€byÐ ®$þ# Ðnot€instructing€the€lessor€(sic)€included€offenses€of€Criminal€Responsibility€forÐ ˜%è $ ÐFacilitation€of€a€Felony€and€Accessory€after€the€Fact.€€It€is€the€DefendantððsÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðposition€that€after€all€of€the€proof€in€this€case,€both€of€these€instructions€shouldÐ l'¼"& Ðhave€been€submitted€to€the€jury€for€their€consideration.€€The€Defendant€arguesÐ V(¦#' Ðthat€this€is€Plain€Error€under€Rule€52(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÐ @)$( ÐProcedure.Ð **z%) Ðâ âó óÐ +d&* ÐÒ°ÒÒ°ÒThis€failure,€too,€generally€acts€as€a€waiver€of€the€issue.€€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b).€€ò òó óHowever,€theÐ ° Ðâ âdefendant€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€properly€instruct€on€lesser„included€offenses€is€plainÐ šê Ðerror€under€Rule€52(b),€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure.€€We€agree€that€a€trial€courtððs€failureÐ „Ô Ðto€instruct€the€jury€on€a€lesser„included€offense,€where€that€instruction€is€warranted€by€the€evidenceÐ n¾ Ðadduced€at€trial,€may€properly€be€reviewed€by€this€court€as€plain€error.òò€€See€State€v.€Brooks,€óó909Ð X¨ ÐS.W.2d€854,€860€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€Ð B ’ ÐÌÓ  Óò òA.€€Accessory€After€the€Factó óÐ  f ÐÓ  ÓÌà  àDefendant€first€claims€the€trial€court€should€have€instructed€the€jury€about€the€offense€ofÐ ê :  Ðaccessory€after€the€fact.€€ð ðA€person€is€an€accessory€after€the€fact€who,€after€the€commission€of€aÐ Ô $  Ðfelony,€with€knowledge€or€reasonable€ground€to€believe€that€the€offender€has€committed€the€felony,Ð ¾  Ðand€with€the€intent€to€hinder€the€arrest,€trial,€conviction€or€punishment€of€the€offender:€€(1)€[h]arborsÐ ¨ø  Ðor€conceals€the€offender;€(2)€[p]rovides€or€aids€in€providing€the€offender€with€any€means€of€avoidingÐ ’â  Ðarrest,€trial,€conviction€or€punishment;€or€(3)€[w]arns€the€offender€of€impending€apprehension€orÐ |Ì  Ðdiscovery.ðð€€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð39„11„411(a).Ð f¶  ÐÌÔ#† ¼YÜ»X X!ÜåÈ#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔÔ#†X!ÜXX X!ÜÆÈ#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔà  àIn€òòState€v.€Hodgkinsonóó,€778€S.W.2d€54,€63€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.Ð :Š Ð1989),€this€court€held€that€accessory€after€the€fact€is€a€separate€offense,€rather€than€a€lesser„includedÐ $t Ðoffense€of€a€felony€committed€by€the€perpetrator€of€a€crime.€€òòSee€Monts€v.€Stateóó,€214€Tenn.€171,€379Ð ^ ÐS.W.2d€34,€43€(1964);€òòState€v.€Hoosieróó,€631€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.)€òòperm.€app.€deniedóóÐ øH Ð(Tenn.€1982).€€Since€the€defendant€was€not€charged€separately€with€this€offense,€the€trial€court€wasÐ â2 Ðunder€no€duty€to€instruct€the€jury€about€it.€€This€assertion€is€without€merit.Ð Ì ÐÌÔ#† ¼YÜ»X X!ÜGÖ#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔÔ#†X!ÜXX X!܉Ö#ÔÔ‡ X!ÜXXX!ÜÔÓ  Óò òB.€€Facilitation€of€a€Felonyó óÐ  ð ÐÓ ÚÓÌà  àTrial€courts€are€under€a€duty€to€ððð ðinstruct€the€jury€on€all€lesser„included€offenses€if€theÐ tÄ Ðevidence€introduced€at€trial€is€legally€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€the€lesser€offense.ðððð€òòStateÐ ^® Ðv.€Burns,óó€6€S.W.3d€453,€464€(Tenn.€1999)òò€óó(òòquoting€State€v.€Langford,€óó994€S.W.2d€126,€128€(Tenn.Ð H˜ Ð1999)).€€This€duty€exists€even€absent€a€request€from€the€defendant.€€òòóóThe€trial€judge€did,€over€theÐ 2‚ Ðobjection€of€the€defendant,€instruct€the€jury€on€criminal€responsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another.׃A×Ý ƒ )ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀Р l ÐHe€was€not€requested€to,€and€did€not,€charge€facilitation€of€any€of€the€felonies.Ð !V ÐÌà  àIn€òòòòóóBurnsóó,€our€Supreme€Court€adopted€a€new€three„part€test€for€determining€whether€anÐ Ú"*! Ðoffense€is€a€lesser„included€offense.€€òòSee€óó6€S.W.3d€at€466„67.€€Under€this€test,€facilitation€of€theÐ Ä#" Ðoffense€charged€is,€by€definition,€a€lesser„included€offense.€€òòId.óó€€òòóóTòòóóhis€general€statement,€however,Ð ®$þ# Ðdoes€not€end€our€analysis.Ð ˜%è $ Ðâ âÐ ‚&Ò!% Ðà  àOur€Supreme€Court€has€recognized€that,€ð ð[t]he€mere€existence€of€a€lesser€offense€to€a€chargedÐ ° Ðoffense€is€not€sufficient€alone€to€warrant€a€charge€on€that€offense.ðð€€òòId.€óóat€468.€€Rather,€the€trialÐ šê Ðcourtððs€obligation€to€charge€the€jury€on€lesser„included€offenses€depends€on€a€two„part€inquiry:€Ð „Ô Ðâ âÌà8  àFirst,€the€trial€court€must€determine€whether€any€evidence€exists€that€reasonableÐ X¨ Ðminds€could€accept€as€to€the€lesser€included€offense.€€In€making€this€determination,Ð B ’ Ðthe€trial€court€must€view€the€evidence€liberally€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ , | Ðexistence€of€the€lesser„included€offense€without€making€any€judgments€on€theÐ  f Ðcredibility€of€such€evidence.€€Second,€the€trial€court€must€determine€if€the€evidence,Ð  P Ðviewed€in€this€light,€is€legally€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€the€lesser„Ð ê :  Ðincluded€offense.ÐÔ $ Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.€óóat€469òò.óóÔ#†X!ÜXX X!ÜëÙ#Ô€€òòóóIn€this€case,€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€convictions€of€facilitation€of€each€ofÐ ¨ø  Ðthe€charged€felonies.€€The€trial€court€therefore€erred€in€failing€to€give€this€instruction.Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Ely€and€Bowersóó,€48€S.W.3d€710€(Tenn.€2001),€our€Supreme€Court€held€that€theÐ f¶  Ðright€to€lesser„included€offense€instructions€is€a€right€of€constitutional€dimension€and€derives€notÐ P  Ðmerely€from€statute.€€As€the€Supreme€Court€noted:€€Ð :Š ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒÔ‡BXìXXX!ÜÔThe€distinction€is€significant,€because€if€the€right€is€constitutional€in€nature,€the€StateÐ ^ Ðbears€the€burden€of€showing€that€a€deprivation€of€this€right€is€harmless€beyond€aÐ úJ Ðreasonable€doubt.€€òòChapman€v.€Californiaóó,€386€U.S.€18,€24€(1967);€òòcf.óó€òòState€v.€Scottóó,Ð æ6 Ð33€S.W.3d€746,€755€(Tenn.€2000);€òòMomon€v.€Stateóó,€18€S.W.3d€152,€164€(Tenn.Ð Ò" Ð1999).€€However,€if€the€right€is€not€constitutional€in€nature,€the€defendant€bears€theÐ ¾ Ðburden€of€showing€the€harmfulness€of€its€deprivation.€€Moreover,€the€standard€forÐ ªú Ðassessing€the€effect€of€a€constitutional€error€is€higher€than€that€for€assessing€the€effectÐ –æ Ðof€a€non„constitutional€error.€€An€error€affecting€a€constitutional€right€is€presumed€toÐ ‚Ò Ðbe€reversible,€and€any€such€error€will€result€in€reversal€of€the€conviction€unless€theÐ n¾ ÐState€proves€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€error€did€not€affect€the€outcome€ofÐ Zª Ðthe€trial.€€òòState€v.€Harris,óó€989€S.W.2d€307,€315€(Tenn.€1999).€€A€non„constitutionalÐ F– Ðerror,€on€the€other€hand,€is€presumed€not€to€be€reversible,€and€no€judgment€ofÐ 2 ‚ Ðconviction€will€be€reversed€unless€the€error€affirmatively€appears€to€have€affected€theÐ !n Ðresult€of€the€trial€on€the€merits,€or€unless€considering€the€record€as€a€whole,€the€errorÐ  "Z  Ðinvolves€a€substantial€right€which€more€probably€than€not€affected€the€judgment€orÐ ö"F! Ðresulted€in€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process.€€òòId.;€see€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b),Ð â#2" ÐTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€Ô#†X!ÜXXBXì$æ#ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü©Ù#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÐ Î$ # ÐÒ°æÒÒ°æÒÌ48€S.W.3d€at€725.€€In€our€view,€the€application€of€the€higher€standard€of€review€controls€the€outcomeÐ ¤&ô!% Ðof€this€case.€€Ð Ž'Þ"& ÐÌà  àHere,€the€trial€judge€instructed€the€jury€on€(1)€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€the€lesser„Ð b)²$( Ðincluded€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder;€(2)€aggravated€assault;€and€(3)€especiallyÐ L*œ%) Ðaggravated€robbery€and€the€lesser„included€offenses€of€aggravated€robbery€and€robbery.€€The€trialÐ 6+†&* Ðjudge€did€not€charge€the€jury€concerning€the€defendantððs€possible€criminal€responsibility€for€Ô_ÔtheÐ  ,p'+ Ðfacilitation€of€each€of€these€felonies.€€Although€we€earlier€held€that€we€could€not€say€the€jury€moreÐ ° Ðprobably€than€not€would€have€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€criminal€responsibility€for€theÐ šê Ðfacilitation€of€any€of€the€charged€offenses,€the€application€of€the€standard€of€review€set€forth€in€òòElyÐ „Ô Ðand€Bowersóó€changes€the€outcome€of€our€analysis.€€We€do€not€believe€the€state€has€proven€beyondÐ n¾ Ða€reasonable€doubt€that€the€failure€to€charge€these€lesser€offenses€did€not€affect€the€outcome€of€theÐ X¨ Ðtrial€on€the€charges€of€attempted€murder€and€aggravated€assault.Ð B ’ ÐÌà  àWith€respect€to€the€especially€aggravated€robbery,€the€record€in€this€case€reflects€that,€afterÐ  f Ðcharging€the€jury€about€the€offense€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€the€trial€judge€also€charged€theÐ  P Ðjury€with€the€lesser„included€crimes€of€aggravated€robbery€and€robbery.€€At€first€glance,€the€juryððsÐ ê :  Ðrejection€of€these€lesser€offenses€in€favor€of€the€greater€one€would€appear€to€render€harmless€the€trialÐ Ô $  Ðcourtððs€failure€to€instruct€on€the€additional€lesser€offense€of€facilitation.òò€€See€State€v.€Williamsóó,€977Ð ¾  ÐS.W.2d€101,€106€(Tenn.€1998).€€In€òòWilliamsóó,€our€Supreme€Court€held€that,€ð ðby€finding€the€defendantÐ ¨ø  Ðguilty€of€the€highest€offense€to€the€exclusion€of€the€òòimmediatelyóó€lesser€offense,€.€.€.€the€juryÐ ’â  Ðnecessarily€rejected€all€other€lesser€offenses€.€.€.€.ðð€€òòId.óó€(emphasis€added).€€However,€since€facilitationÐ |Ì  Ðof€a€felony€is€a€lesser€degree€of€criminal€responsibility€for€the€commission€of€the€felony,€òòsee€Burnsóó,Ð f¶  Ð6€S.W.3d€at€470,€the€immediately€lesser€offense€of€especially€aggravated€robbery€is€facilitation€ofÐ P  Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery,€not€aggravated€robbery.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€did€not€charge€the€juryÐ :Š Ðon€the€òòimmediatelyóó€lesser€offense€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€and€the€error€was€therefore€notÐ $t Ðharmless€under€the€òòWilliamsóó€analysis.€€Ð ^ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€because€the€trial€court€committed€plain€error€in€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€onÐ â2 Ðthe€lesser„included€offenses€supported€by€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial,€we€must€reverse€theÐ Ì Ðdefendantððs€convictions€for€attempted€second€degree€murder,€aggravated€assault,€and€especiallyÐ ¶ Ðaggravated€robbery,€and€remand€this€case€for€a€new€trial€on€those€counts.Ð  ð Ðà  àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àÌÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü]í#ÔÔ‡ ¼YÜ»»¼YÜÔÔ‡ X!ÜX» ¼YÜÔÌà  àà ¸ àÔ#†X!ÜXX X!Übû#ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Üû#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔà0  àà h àà0À(#(#àà0À(#À(#à____________________________________Ð^®(#(# Ðà  àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCORNELIA€A.€CLARK,€SPECIAL€JUDGEÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Üÿû#Ôò òòòóóó óÐ  H˜ ÐÔ_ÔÔ_Ôà@ttìàÔ‡î YÜÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼YÜ»îî ý#ÔˆÐ Ì ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àÑ  ÑÔ‡@¼ »»¼YÜÔRemanded€by€Supreme€Court€September€10,€2001€Ô#†¼YÜ»»@¼ fþ#ÔÐ è8 ÐÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÌò òÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Üêþ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€REGINALD€MERRIWEATHERòòóóÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Madison€CountyÐ Ü , Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„549€€€€€€John€Franklin€Murchison,€JudgeÐ Æ  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<ƒ` AßÐ „Ô  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W1999„02050„CCA„R3„CDÐ }Í  ÐNo.€W2001„02206„CCA„RM„CDÐ g·  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<:` AßÐ ;‹  Ðó óÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ügÿ#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÌÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Ü¥#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔà@@±±&ìàò òJUDGMENTó óÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!Üè#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÐ 4„ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ÜJ#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÌÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ܨ#ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÔ‡GXìXXX!ÜÔÓ  Óà  àCame€the€appellant,€Reginald€Merriweather,€represented€by€counsel€and€also€came€theÐ òB Ðattorney€general€on€behalf€of€the€State,€and€this€case€was€heard€on€the€record€on€appeal€from€theÐ Þ. ÐCircuit€Court€of€Madison€County;€and€upon€consideration€thereof,€this€court€reverses€the€judgmentÐ Ê Ðof€the€trial€court€and€remands€the€case€for€a€new€trial.Ð ¶ ÐÓ  ÓÌÓ XÓÓ  ÓOur€opinion€is€hereby€incorporated€in€this€judgment€as€if€set€out€verbatim.Ð ŽÞ ÐÓ XÓÌÓ XÓIt€is,€therefore,€ordered,€adjudged€and€decreed€that€the€defendantððs€convictions€are€herebyÐ f¶ ÐREVERSED€and€REMANDED€for€a€new€trial€in€accordance€with€this€opinion.€€Ð R¢ ÐÐ >Ž ÐÔ#†X!ÜXXGXì #ÔÔ‡GXìXXX!ÜÔÔ#†G¼ »XGXìë#ÔÔ‡GXìX»G¼ ÔThe€appellant€in€this€cause€is€indigent.€€Costs€of€this€appeal€will€be€paid€by€the€appellee,€StateÐ *z Ðof€Tennessee.Ð  f ÐÓ  ÓÐ !R  ÐÓ XÓò òPER€CURIAMó óÐ î!>! ÐÓ ÓÌÓ ÓCornelia€A.€Clark,€Special€JudgeÔ#†X!ÜXXGXìŽ#ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ÜÐ#ÔÔ‡G¼ »»¼YÜÔÔ‡GXìX»G¼ ÔÐ Æ## ÐDavid€H.€Welles,€JudgeÐ ²$ $ ÐAlan€E.€Glenn,€JudgeÐ ž%î % ÐÔ#†X!ÜXXGXì_#ÔÔ‡GXìXXX!ÜÔÔ#†G¼ »XGXì~#ÔÔ‡GXìX»G¼ ÔÐ Š&Ú!& ÐÔ#†X!ÜXXGXì) #ÔÔ‡GXìXXX!ÜÔÔ#†G¼ »XGXìk #ÔÔ‡GXìX»G¼ ÔÐ v'Æ"' ÐÐ b(²#( ÐÔ#†X!ÜXXGXì #ÔÔ‡GXìXXX!ÜÔÔ#†G¼ »XGXì #ÔÔ‡GXìX»G¼ ÔÐ N)ž$) ÐÐ :*Š%* ÐÔ#†X!ÜXXGXìp #ÔÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ܲ #ÔÔ‡X!ÜX»¼YÜÔÐ &+v&+ ÐÔ#†¼YÜ»XX!ÜA #Ô