ÿWPC’- …U .V %„bŠ 0JŽØn­è 0T• 0 (éU: w@K 4‹ 0^Ÿ 0™ý 0D– U:Ú 0h 0r| 0|î 0†j 0ð 1u€ 0dõ B)YDC‚ BÅU *â AM ìYEfMû³ D3®áp 0@ïI/†xJþ!v~H$vÓÆ% 0T™+ AOí+Æ<, 0D- D/F- Bu-<þ6X9`(CourierX ù2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô3|x««<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial Regular “”•E–—E˜™Dše›Ó€§Úƒç"2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(I(2,´$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X©ÂXXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ% Line 7 d7Border 1dd d< Œ 9p`(Arial€- Cþÿ << Gÿÿ âÝ ƒ !ÝÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÔ€$ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌò òOCTOBER€31,€1997ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€$ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ ñÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€$Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝPaul€S.€Green€is€an€adult.€€Paul€Green€is€a€minor.Ì""""'ÿÿdxd …Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€$Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€question€we€find€determinative€is€òònotóó€whether€the€evidenceÏpresented€at€trial€was€sufficient€to€sustain€the€defendant's€convictions€ofÏaggravated€assault;€it€is€whether€the€jury€was€properly€instructed€on€all€crimes€ofÏwhich€the€defendant€might€properly€be€found€guilty.€€As€this€court€has€noted€inÏthe€past,€ÌÌà8 àIn€effect,€the€trial€court€must€consider€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€existence€of€the€lesser€included€offense€and€if€theÏevidence€so€considered€permits€an€inference€of€guilt€of€a€lesserÏoffense,€the€trial€court€must€give€instructions€as€to€the€lesserÏoffense.€€Otherwise,€the€trial€court's€consideration€of€the€evidenceÏruns€the€risk€of€invading€the€province€of€the€jury€relative€to€witnessÏcredibility,€the€weight€and€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€and€theÏdegree€of€the€offense,€if€any,€to€be€sustained.òòÌÌState€v.€Brooksóó,€909€S.W.2d€854,€861€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€€In€the€end,€itÏmay€well€be€that€the€defendant€will€be€found€guilty€of€aggravated€assault€afterÏthe€jury€has€been€instructed€on€remand€on€both€aggravated€assault€andÏreckless€aggravated€assault,€and€the€evidence€will€be€sufficiently€supported€byÏthe€record€if€this€matter€is€thereafter€reviewed€by€this€court.€€Nonetheless,€theÏdefendant€is€entitled€to€have€the€question€of€his€guilt€of€both€aggravated€assaultÏand€reckless€aggravated€assault€before€the€jury,€provided€the€evidenceÏpresented€on€remand€supports€an€inference€of€his€guilt€of€either€crime.Ì uÝ ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€$Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant's€subsequent€admission€at€the€sentencing€hearing€thatÏhe€shot€at€the€Greens'€van€technically€is€not€part€of€the€evidence€we€canÏconsider€in€determining€whether€the€jury€was€properly€instructed,€in€that€theÏadmission€did€not€occur€at€trial.€€We€note€parenthetically,€however,€theÏdefendant€never€contradicted€his€trial€testimony€that€he€had€not€seen€orÏotherwise€been€aware€of€the€presence€of€more€than€two€people€in€the€van.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò ?Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€$Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝAs€noted€previously,€however,€the€defendant's€convictions€ofÏaggravated€assault€as€to€the€three€child€victims€are€infirm€due€to€the€lowerÏcourt's€failure€to€submit€the€lesser€grade€offense€of€reckless€aggravated€assaultÏto€the€jury.€€Thus,€notwithstanding€our€finding€of€sufficient€evidence€of€theÏgreater€offense,€we€have€vacated€and€remanded€these€three€convictions€for€aÏnew€trial.Ì |Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€$Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€record€before€us€does€not€include€the€victim€impact€statementÏappended€to€the€presentence€report.€€On€the€particular€facts€of€this€case,Ïhowever,€the€victim€impact€statement€is€not€essential€to€our€determination.€€TheÏconsiderations€recited€in€the€main€text€of€the€opinion€justify€maximum€sentencesÏto€be€served€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€Thus,€any€additional€potentiallyÏenhancing€information€which€may€be€contained€in€the€victim€impact€statementÏwould€only€further€justify€these€sentences.€€On€the€other€hand,€if€the€victimÏimpact€statement€contained€information€favorable€to€the€defendant€which€mightÏmitigate€the€length€of€his€sentence€or€support€an€alternative€sentence,€theÏdefendant€bore€the€duty€of€seeing€that€it€was€included€in€the€record€and€waivedÏour€consideration€of€it€by€failing€to€see€that€it€was€included€therein.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.ÏR.€App.€P.€24(g);€òòState€v.€Ballardóó,€855€S.W.2d€557,€560€(Tenn.€1993)€(citationsÏomitted).€€Ì @Ý ƒ !ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ$ÝÒ  ÒÒ ° ÒÔ€$Ôà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝOn€our€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€accord€little€countervailing€weight€to€theÏdefendant's€subsequent€admission€of€perjury.€€While€this€may€have€been€aÏsincere€admission€of€wrongdoing,€it€just€as€easily€may€have€been€a€ploy€by€theÏdefendant€to€try€a€different€tactic€to€obtain€more€favorable€sentencing€after€hisÏoriginal€tactic€of€perjuring€himself€at€trial€did€not€work€to€his€advantage.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò(—8$——ÔªÔò òòòóóó óÔªÔ€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ !ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  Ý›Ò  ÒÒ ° ÒÑ\R AØ'\ќـ€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€$ÔßR€%& A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌÌÑ€Ñò òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌ€à@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌó óÌà@ àJUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌò òRANDY€L.€MILLER,à à€à àà àó ó)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àAppellant,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9608„CC„00323Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àAnderson€CountyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à€ó ó€€€à à)à àHonorable€James€B.€ScottÏJr.,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àAppellee.à àà àà à)à à(Aggravated€Assault)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Ìà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌA.€PHILIP€LOMANACOà àà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà0 àà àà àà0 àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ112€Durwood€DriveÌKnoxville,€TN€€37922à àà àà0 àà0 àTIMOTHY€F.€BEHANÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCriminal€Justice€DivisionÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493à àÌÌà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àJAMES€N.€RAMSEYÌà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJANICE€G.€HICKSÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€AttorneyÏGeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à127€Anderson€CountyÏCourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àClinton,€TN€€37716ÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€____________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMED€IN€PART,€REVERSED€IN€PART,€REMANDEDó óÌÌCURWOOD€WITT€ÌJUDGEÌÌÌÑ€(ÑÇÑ7€‚/XXdðXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÑ ` ÑÓÓÑ7€ âJ XXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñà@ àò òòòOPINIONó óóóÌà àà àThe€defendant,€Randy€L.€Miller,€appeals€his€convictions€of€sixÏcounts€of€aggravated€assault€and€the€six€year€incarcerative€sentence€heÏreceived€for€his€crimes.€€The€defendant,€a€truck€driver,€received€theseÏconvictions€in€the€Anderson€County€Criminal€Court,€following€a€shootingÏaltercation€between€himself€and€a€van„load€of€travelers€on€Interstate€75.€€In€hisÏdirect€appeal,€the€defendant€raises€two€issues€for€our€consideration.ÌÓÓà0 à1.à8 àWhether€the€court€erred€by€refusing€to€charge€the€lesserÏgrade€of€aggravated€assault,€or,€in€the€alternative,€did€theÏstate€produce€sufficient€evidence€to€find€Miller€guilty€of€sixÏseparate€aggravated€assaults€each€done€intentionally€orÏknowingly?ÌÌà à2.à0 àWhether€the€court€properly€applied€three€enhancement€factors.ÌÌÓÓOn€our€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€defendant's€convictions€of€aggravatedÏassault€of€Paul€S.€Green,€Dedra€Green€and€Shannon€Ullery€and€affirm€theÏdefendant's€sentences€for€those€convictions,€and€we€remand€these€convictionsÏto€the€trial€court€for€correction€of€a€technical€aspect€of€the€record.€€On€the€otherÏhand,€we€reverse€the€defendant's€convictions€of€aggravated€assault€of€PaulÏGreen,× ƒ) ××  ×€Kirstie€Green€and€Sarah€Green€and€remand€for€a€new€trial.€ÌÌà àà àOn€June€10,€1995,€Miller€was€returning€to€his€home€state€ofÍGeorgia€via€Interstate€75€in€Anderson€County€in€a€tractor„trailer€truck.€€The€sixÏvictims,€Paul€S.€and€Dedra€Green,€their€three€minor€children,€Paul,€Kirstie,€andÏSarah,€and€their€19€year€old€friend€Shannon€Ullery€were€traveling€from€Ohio€toÏGeorgia€in€the€Greens'€van€on€Interstate€75.€€The€Greens€had€a€citizens'€bandÏ(CB)€radio€in€their€van,€and€Mr.€Green€had€been€on€the€radio€joking€andÏbelching€with€various€truck€drivers.€€Apparently,€the€talk€was€somewhatÏantagonistic.€€According€to€Mr.€Green,€himself€a€truck€driver,€the€conversationÏwas€not€out€of€character€for€that€in€which€truck€drivers€generally€engage€on€CBs.€ÏAt€various€times,€the€adults€in€the€van€heard€an€individual€who€was€yelling€andÏcursing.€€At€first,€this€voice€sounded€far€away,€and€Mr.€Green€and€the€otherÏparticipants€to€the€conversation€ignored€him.€€A€truck€driver€told€the€speaker€heÏwas€not€involved€in€the€conversation,€which€only€antagonized€him.€€Later,€theÏvoice€threatened€that€if€they€did€not€shut€up,€he€would€shut€them€up€permanentlyÏand€that€he€would€run€them€off€the€road.€€Mr.€Green€identified€the€voice€he€heardÏon€the€CB€radio€as€belonging€to€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àAccording€to€the€Greens€and€Ms.€Ullery,€after€the€defendantÏthreatened€to€run€them€off€the€road,€he€came€up€behind€them€in€the€left€lane,Ïand€Mr.€Green€moved€into€the€right€lane.€€The€defendant€passed€them,€thenÏforced€them€off€the€road€onto€the€right€shoulder.€€Mr.€Green€pulled€back€onto€theÍroad,€and€the€defendant€was€in€front€of€them.€€Mrs.€Green€testified€she€wasÏincensed€and€grabbed€the€microphone€and€said,€"You€son€of€a€bitch,€I€haveÏthree€babies€in€here.€€What€the€hell€do€you€think€you're€doing?€€I€ought€to€kickÏyour€ass."€€The€defendant€slammed€on€his€brakes€so€hard€that€the€victims€couldÏsee€smoke€from€his€tires.€€€€Mr.€Green€then€attempted€to€go€around€theÏdefendant's€truck€to€get€the€identification€numbers€off€his€tractor€so€he€couldÏreport€the€defendant€to€his€employer.€€As€the€Greens'€van€approached€the€frontÏof€the€truck,€Mrs.€Green€noticed€the€defendant€had€a€gun.€€Then€the€vanÏwindows€disintegrated€as€several€gunshots€were€fired.€€Mrs.€Green€was€grazedÏwith€a€bullet€to€her€back,€causing€non„life€threatening€injury.€€As€the€van€andÏtruck€traveled€on,€Mr.€Green€saw€a€police€cruiser€with€flashing€lights€in€aÏconstruction€area.€€He€pulled€in€and€alerted€the€officer.€€The€defendant€arrivedÏshortly€thereafter€and€accused€Mr.€Green€of€shooting€at€him.€€ÌÌà àà àSearches€of€the€defendant's€truck€cab€revealed€no€weapons.€€AÏ.9mm€semi„automatic€handgun€was€found€in€the€glove€box€of€the€Greens'€van.€ÏGunshot€residue€tests€of€the€defendant's€hands€were€inconclusive.€€A€firearmsÏexpert€from€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€Crime€Lab€testified€a€mirrorÏtaken€from€the€driver's€side€of€the€defendant's€truck€had€damage€consistent€withÏdamage€from€a€projectile€fired€from€a€gun€within€36€inches.€€The€damaged€areaÍwas€caused€by€a€projectile€traveling€right€to€left.€€Ìà àÌà àà àThe€defendant€claimed€he€had€heard€several€individuals€usingÏprofanity,€belching€and€insulting€others€on€his€CB€radio.€€He€conceded€he€mayÏhave€inadvertently€run€the€van€off€the€road€when€he€passed€it,€but€he€thought€heÏwas€clear€of€it.€€After€this€happened,€he€said€a€woman's€voice€came€on€the€radioÏand€said,€"You're€dead€MF,"€and€a€man's€voice€said,€"I'm€going€to€kill€you,€son€ofÏa€bitch."€€He€looked€in€his€rear„view€mirror€and€saw€the€Greens'€van.€€He€couldÏsee€the€driver,€whom€he€could€not€identify,€leaning€over€and€then€holding€up€aÏhandgun.€€He€alleged€he€began€braking€to€keep€the€driver€from€having€a€clearÏshot€at€him,€and€as€the€van€passed€him€his€mirror€was€shot.€€He€testified€he€didÏnot€have€a€gun.€€He€identified€the€gun€taken€from€the€Greens'€van€as€lookingÏlike€the€gun€he€saw.€€The€defendant€also€testified€he€saw€only€two€people€in€theÏvan.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€presented€two€character€witnesses€at€trial€whoÏtestified€to€his€reputation€for€truthfulness.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€requested€jury€instructions€on€the€lesser€gradeÏoffense€of€reckless€aggravated€assault,€but€the€court€declined€the€request.€€TheÍjury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€six€counts€of€aggravated€assault.€€DuringÏdeliberations,€the€jury€reported€difficulty€reaching€a€verdict€on€four€of€the€sixÏcounts.€€The€foreperson€reported€guilty€verdicts€for€the€counts€pertaining€to€PaulÏand€Dedra€Green,€and€after€further€deliberation€the€jury€returned€guilty€verdictsÏfor€the€counts€relating€to€Shannon€Ullery€and€the€Green€children.€ÌÌà àà àIn€an€apparent€attempt€to€throw€himself€on€the€mercy€of€the€court,Ïthe€defendant€took€the€stand€at€the€sentencing€hearing€and€admitted€heÏcommitted€perjury€at€trial.€€He€apologized€to€the€state,€the€court€and€the€victimsÏfor€his€dishonesty.€€He€admitted€he€shot€at€the€Greens,€although€he€maintainedÏMr.€Green€pulled€a€gun€and€fired€on€him,€and€he€shot€in€self„defense.€€TheÏdefendant€claimed€he€previously€lied€under€oath€because€he€was€scared.€€HeÏclaimed€to€have€disposed€of€all€the€guns€he€and€his€wife€owned.€€He€reportedÏhe€quit€his€job€as€a€truck€driver€and€would€never€drive€a€truck€again.€ÏUnpersuaded,€the€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€six€years€for€each€count,Ïthe€maximum€for€a€Range€I€offender,€the€six€sentences€to€be€servedÏconcurrently.€€The€court€rejected€the€defendant's€bid€for€probation€and€orderedÏhe€serve€his€time€in€the€Department€of€Correction.ÌÌà@ àò òIó óÌà àà àIn€his€first€appellate€issue,€the€defendant€alleges€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€grade€offense€of€recklessÏaggravated€assault.€€Alternatively,€he€argues€the€evidence€is€insufficient€toÏconvict€him€of€aggravated€assault€of€Shannon€Ullery€and€the€three€GreenÏchildren,€based€upon€insufficient€evidence€of€a€knowing€or€intentional€mentalÏstate.€€The€state€counters€there€was€no€proof€the€defendant€acted€recklessly;€hisÏdefense€was€he€did€not€shoot€at€the€victims.€€In€this€absence€of€evidence€theÏdefendant€is€guilty€of€the€lesser€offense,€the€state€argues,€the€court€did€not€err€inÏdeclining€to€instruct€the€jury€on€the€lesser€grade€offense.ÌÌà àà àA€trial€court€has€the€duty,€òòsua€sponteóó,€to€instruct€the€jury€on€allÏlesser€grade€or€class€offenses€and€lesser€included€offenses,€provided€theÏevidence€would€support€a€conviction€for€the€lesser€offenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„18„110€(1990);€òòState€v.€Trustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€310€(Tenn.€1996);€òòseeóóÏTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€31(c).€€€Ìà àà àUnder€the€statutory€scheme,€reckless€aggravated€assault€is€aÏlesser€grade€offense€of€aggravated€assault.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(b)€(Supp.€1995)€(amended€1996);€òòTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€310„11Ï(distinguishing€between€lesser€grade€and€lesser€included€offenses);€òòState€v.ÏDonald€W.€Brantleyóó,€No.€01C01„9508„CC„00255,€slip€op.€at€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÍNashville,€March€13,€1997)€(Hayes,€J.,€concurring),€òòpet.€for€perm.€app.€filedóóÏ(Tenn.€May€13,€1997).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€had€a€duty€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏreckless€aggravated€assault€if€the€evidence€would€support€a€conviction€of€thatÏcrime.€€òòSeeóó€òòTrustyóó,€914€S.W.2d€at€488.ÌÌà àà àThe€relevant€statutory€provisions€define€reckless€aggravatedÏassault€€as€resulting€where€a€person€"[r]ecklessly€commits€an€assault€òòas€definedÏin€ðð€39„13„101(a)(1)óó,€and:€€(A)€€Causes€serious€bodily€injury€to€another;€or€(B)€ÏUses€or€displays€a€deadly€weapon."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(2)€(Supp.Ï1996)€(italics€added).€€Section€39„13„101(a)(1)€inculpates€"[i]ntentionally,Ïknowingly€or€recklessly€caus[ing]€bodily€injury€to€another[.]"€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„13„101(a)(1)€(1991).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€the€case€at€bar,€there€was€no€evidence€Paul€S.€Green€orÏShannon€Ullery€received€any€bodily€injury,€as€required€under€section€39„13„101(a)(1).€€On€the€other€hand,€there€was€uncontested€evidence€Dedra€GreenÏreceived€bodily€injury€when€she€was€grazed€by€a€bullet,€and€there€wasÏconflicting€evidence€whether€the€Green€children€received€minor€scratches€fromÏshattering€glass.€€Because€reckless€aggravated€assault€must€involve€someÏdegree€of€bodily€injury,€a€conviction€of€that€crime€may€be€found€only€as€to€thoseÍvictims€who€are€alleged€to€have€been€injured.€€In€other€words,€the€evidenceÏwould€not€support€a€conviction€of€reckless€aggravated€assault€of€Paul€S.€GreenÏand€Shannon€Ullery.€€The€trial€court€had€no€basis€for€instructing€the€jury€onÏreckless€aggravated€assault€as€to€these€victims.ÌÌà àà àWith€respect€to€the€child€victims,€the€defendant€contends€he€wasÏentitled€to€a€jury€instruction€on€reckless€aggravated€assault€on€the€countsÏpertaining€to€these€victims€because€the€state€failed€to€prove€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€he€was€aware€of€their€presence€in€the€van.€€Thus,€he€argues,Ïhe€could€not€have€intentionally€or€knowingly€assaulted€them.€€The€defendantÏalleged€at€trial€he€saw€only€two€people€in€the€front€seat€of€the€van.€€To€theÏcontrary,€the€state€offered€proof€Mrs.€Green€got€on€the€CB€radio€and€told€theÏdefendant€she€had€"three€babies"€in€the€van€prior€to€the€gunfire.€€The€defendantÏdenied€hearing€this€statement.€€The€evidence€could€support€a€finding€of€recklessÏaggravated€assault€of€the€children€if€the€jury€accredited€the€testimony€of€theÏdefendant€that€he€was€aware€of€only€two€people€in€the€van€and€never€heardÏMrs.€Green€say€she€had€three€babies€in€the€van.€€We€believe€the€trial€courtÏcommitted€reversible€error€in€failing€to€charge€the€jury€on€the€lesser€offense€ofÏreckless€aggravated€assault€as€to€the€three€counts€of€the€indictment€pertainingÍto€the€children.× ƒ+ ××  ×ÌÌà àà àFinally,€with€respect€to€the€trial€court's€failure€to€instruct€the€jury€onÏreckless€aggravated€assault€of€Dedra€Green,€the€record€is€devoid€of€anyÏevidence€his€conduct€toward€her€constituted€mere€recklessness.€€The€defendantÏadmitted€he€saw€two€people€in€the€front€of€the€van.€€Mrs.€Green€was€sitting€in€theÏfront€passenger€seat.€€According€to€the€state's€theory,€the€defendant€threatenedÍto€run€the€van€off€the€road,€then€proceeded€to€do€just€that.€€The€defendantÏadmitted€he€may€have€accidentally€run€the€van€off€the€road.€€€When€the€vanÏreturned€to€the€road€and€attempted€to€pass€the€defendant,€he€shot€at€the€van.€ÏClearly,€the€latter€rises€to€the€level€of€intentional€or€at€least€knowing€conduct.€ÏThe€defendant€offered€no€evidence€he€recklessly€shot€at€the€van,€choosingÏinstead€to€challenge€that€the€events€occurred€at€all.€€In€the€absence€of€anyÏevidence€of€reckless€conduct€directed€to€Dedra€Green,€the€court€did€not€err€inÏfailing€to€instruct€the€jury€on€reckless€aggravated€assault€of€this€victim.Ìà àà àÌà àà àIn€reaching€these€conclusions,€we€have€considered€and€rejectedÏthe€state's€argument€the€trial€court€was€excused€from€instructing€the€jury€onÏreckless€aggravated€assault€under€the€rule€espoused€in€òòState€v.€Barkeróó,€642ÏS.W.2d€735€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€In€òòBarkeróó,€this€court€held€that€the€trialÏcourt€had€no€obligation€to€instruct€the€jury€on€lesser€included€offenses€where€theÏdefendant€did€not€contest€the€occurrence€of€the€crime€but€merely€interposed€anÏalibi€defense.€€òòBarkeróó,€642€S.W.2d€at€738€(citing€òòPrice€v.€Stateóó,€589€S.W.2d€929Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1979);€òòJudge€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€340€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1976)).€€Unlike€the€defendant€in€òòBarkeróó,€the€defendant€before€us€challengedÍwhether€the€crimes€themselves€occurred.× ƒ, ××  ×€€His€evidence€attempted€to€show€theÏevents€occurred€differently€than€as€illustrated€by€the€state's€proof€and€that€noÏcrimes€were€committed.€€The€jury€had€to€determine€not€only€whether€theÏdefendant€committed€the€crimes,€but€whether€any€crimes€occurred€at€all.€ÏAccordingly,€we€reject€òòBarkeróó€as€dispositive€of€the€case€at€bar.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€argues€in€the€alternative€the€evidence€is€insufficientÏto€support€convictions€of€aggravated€assault€of€Shannon€Ullery€and€the€threeÏchildren€based€upon€an€inadequate€showing€he€possessed€the€requisiteÏintentional€or€knowing€mental€state€at€the€time€of€the€crimes.€€Our€standard€ofÏreview€as€to€sufficiency€questions€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€inÏthe€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€haveÏfound€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJacksonÏv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2791„92€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,Ï698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€€13(e).€€When€undertakingÏsuch€review,€we€are€constrained€to€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongestÍlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€allÏreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€ÏòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€ÌÌà àà àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€defendant€threatened€toÏrun€the€Greens'€van€off€the€road,€did€so,€then€shot€into€the€occupied€van€whileÏtraveling€down€the€interstate.€€The€defendant€admitted€seeing€two€people€in€theÏvan,€and€Mrs.€Green€warned€him€there€were€children€in€the€van.€€Ms.€UlleryÏtestified€she€was€sitting€in€the€center€of€the€middle€seat,€where€she€could€seeÏout€between€the€two€front€seats.€€Whether€the€defendant€was€aware€of€Ms.ÏUllery's€presence€is€essentially€a€question€of€the€defendant's€credibility.€€TheÏjury€could€logically€conclude€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€defendant€knewÏMs.€Ullery€was€in€the€van€and€intentionally€or€knowingly€caused€her€to€fearÏbodily€injury,€as€charged€in€the€indictment.€€Likewise,€whether€the€defendantÏsaw€the€children€or€heard€Mrs.€Green's€warning€there€were€three€children€in€theÏvan€is€essentially€a€credibility€question,€and€a€rational€jury€could€resolve€thisÏquestion€in€favor€of€the€state€by€finding€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€theÏdefendant's€actions€were€intentional€or€knowing€as€to€the€children.ÌÌà àà àIn€the€defendant's€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€heÍhas€not€directly€questioned€Ullery's€and€the€child€victims'€reasonable€fear€ofÏimminent€bodily€injury,€and€we€find€the€record€contains€sufficient€evidence€ofÏthis€element€as€to€these€victims.€€Ullery€testified€she€lay€down€in€the€seat€andÏpushed€the€children€down€in€their€seat€once€she€became€aware€the€defendantÏhad€a€gun.€€Several€windows€on€the€van€were€shattered€by€the€defendant's€gunÏblasts.€€The€children€had€shattered€glass€in€their€hair,€and€they€received€minorÏcuts€and€scratches€from€the€glass.€€A€rational€jury€could€infer€these€victims'Ïreasonable€fear€of€imminent€bodily€injury€from€these€facts.€€Accordingly,€we€findÏthe€evidence€sufficiently€supports€the€jury's€findings€of€guilt€as€to€Ullery€and€theÏchild€victims.× ƒ. ××  ×ÌÌà@ àò òIIó óÌà àà àThe€defendant's€second€issue€is€whether€the€trial€court€properlyÏrelied€on€three€enhancement€factors.€€The€enhancement€factors€found€by€theÏcourt€were€"the€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim[,]"€"a€victim€of€the€offenseÏwas€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age€or€physical€or€mental€disability[,]"Íand€"the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€toÏhuman€life€was€high[.]"€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(3),€(4)€and€(10)€(1990).€ÏThe€state€has€conceded€the€inapplicability€of€the€three€factors€but€argues€aÏmaximum€sentence€is€nevertheless€appropriate€for€this€defendant€becauseÏanother€enhancement€factor,€"the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstancesÏunder€which€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great,"€applies€evenÏthough€it€was€not€relied€on€by€the€trial€court.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16)€(1990).ÌÌà àà àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trialÏcourt,€this€court€engages€in€a€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthe€trial€court's€determinations€were€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)Ï(1990).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€theÏrecord€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€ÏIn€conducting€our€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€must€consider€the€evidence€atÏsentencing,€the€presentence€report,€the€sentencing€principles,€the€arguments€ofÏcounsel,€the€statements€of€the€defendant,€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÏoffense,€any€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors,€and€the€defendantððsÏamenability€to€rehabilitation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b)€(1990);€òòAshbyóó,Í823€S.W.2d€at€168.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€has€the€burden€of€showing€theÏsentence€imposed€is€improper.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€SentencingÏComm'n€Comments€(1990);€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.ÌÌà àà àThe€record€in€this€case€fails€to€demonstrate€that€the€trial€court€gaveÏappropriate€consideration€to€the€principles€of€sentencing€as€well€as€the€relevantÏfacts€and€circumstances.€€Accordingly,€our€review€is€òòde€novoóó€unaccompanied€byÏthe€presumption€of€correctness.ÌÌà àà àWith€respect€to€the€length€of€the€three€aggravated€assaultÏsentences,€we€find€two€enhancement€factors€applicable€to€the€defendant.€€First,Ïwe€disagree€with€the€state's€concession€that€factor€(10),€"[t]he€defendant€had€noÏhesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high[,]"Ïdoes€not€apply.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10)€(Supp.€1996).€€Second,Ïfactor€(16),€"[t]he€crime[s€were]€committed€under€circumstances€under€which€theÏpotential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great[,]"€applies.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„114(16)€(Supp.€1996).€€We€acknowledge€the€general€rule€that€theseÏfactors€are€inherent€in€the€crime€of€aggravated€assault€accomplished€throughÏthe€use€of€a€deadly€weapon.€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€€885€S.W.2d€357,€363„64Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€We€have€previously€recognized,€however,€that€theseÍfactors€may€be€applied€"if€the€facts€demonstrate€a€culpability€distinct€from€andÏappreciably€greater€than€that€incident€to€the€convicted€offense."€€òòState€v.ÏGregory€Museóó,€No.€03C01„9508„CC„00212,€slip€op.€at€5„6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€Sept.€17€1996),€òòperm.€app.€granted€on€other€groundsóó€(Tenn.€Mar.€17,Ï1997);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€603€(Tenn.€1994).€€This€caseÏpresents€a€situation€which€is€appropriate€for€application€of€the€exception,€ratherÏthan€the€rule.€€The€defendant€unhesitatingly€endangered€the€victims€with€gunÏshots,€the€basis€for€the€convictions,€but€he€also€unhesitatingly€endangered€themÏby€creating€a€situation€in€which€there€was€substantial€risk€of€their€van€wrecking,Ïwhether€as€a€result€of€the€defendant's€shooting€at€the€driver€and€the€windows€orÏrunning€the€van€off€the€road.€€We€believe€the€latter€layer€of€risk€of€a€wreck,€whichÏwas€not€essential€to€the€convictions,€justifies€the€application€of€enhancementÏfactors€(10)€and€(16).€€Moreover,€we€find€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÏcriminal€conduct€in€this€case€justify€giving€these€two€enhancement€factors€greatÏweight.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€George€E.€Martin,€Jr.óó,€No.€02C01„9512„CC„00389,€slip€op.Ïat€14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€Aug.€18,€1997)€(circumstances€of€offense€mayÏbe€considered€in€determining€appropriate€weight€to€be€given€to€enhancementÏfactors).€€In€fact,€we€believe€these€two€enhancement€factors€justify€maximumÏRange€I€sentences€of€six€years€for€the€defendant's€three€convictions.€€We€findÏevidence€of€no€mitigating€factors€on€the€record€before€us,€and€the€defendant€hasÍnot€argued€that€any€apply€to€him.× ƒ/ ××  ×€ÌÌà àà àNext,€we€turn€to€the€issue€of€the€manner€of€service€of€this€sentence.€ÏHaving€received€a€sentence€of€less€than€eight€years,€the€defendant€is€presumedÏto€be€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„102(6)€(1990).€€Moreover,€he€is€eligible€for€probation.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„303(a)€(Supp.€1996).€€Curiously,€he€has€devoted€no€argument€inÏhis€brief€to€the€proposition€he€should€receive€probation€or€some€other€form€ofÏalternative€sentencing,€rather€than€confinement.€€In€any€event,€we€have€seriousÏconcern€about€the€defendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€in€light€of€his€perjury€atÍtrial.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Dowdyóó,€894€S.W.2d€301,€305„06€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);Ïòòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5)€(defendant's€potential€forÏrehabilitation€is€a€proper€sentencing€consideration).€€This€factor€overcomes€theÏpresumption€that€the€defendant€is€a€favorable€candidate€for€alternativeÏsentencing.€€As€such,€he€was€properly€ordered€to€serve€his€sentences€in€theÏcustody€of€the€Department€of€Correction.ÌÌà àà àIn€summary,€we€arrive€at€the€same€sentencing€result€at€the€trialÏcourt,€albeit€for€different€reasons.€€ÌÌà@ àò òIIIó óÌà àà àFinally,€we€note€from€the€technical€record€that€the€trial€courtÏentered€all€six€judgments€against€the€defendant€on€one€judgment€form.€€This€isÏcontrary€to€Rule€17€of€the€Supreme€Court,€which€provides€that€a€uniformÏjudgment€document€"shall€be€prepared€for€each€conviction;€if€there€are€multipleÏconvictions€in€the€same€indictment,€separate€judgments€should€be€filled€out€withÏappropriate€notations€stating€whether€the€sentences€will€run€consecutively€orÍconcurrently."€€Because€the€trial€court's€judgment€does€not€comply€with€the€rule,Ïwe€remand€the€defendant's€convictions€of€aggravated€assault€of€Paul€S.€Green,ÏDedra€Green€and€Shannon€Ullery€with€instructions€that€the€trial€court€amend€itsÏconsolidated€judgment€document€by€generating€one€judgment€document€forÏeach€conviction.€€In€addition,€we€caution€the€trial€court€to€comply€with€Rule€17Ïwith€respect€to€any€convictions€that€may€result€from€the€three€convictions€weÏhave€vacated€and€remanded€for€further€proceedings.ÌÌà àà àIn€sum,€the€defendant's€convictions€of€aggravated€assault€of€PaulÏS.€Green,€Dedra€Green€and€Shannon€Ullery€and€the€sentences€imposed€by€theÏtrial€court€are€affirmed€and€remanded€with€instructions.€€The€convictions€ofÏaggravated€assault€of€Sarah€Green,€Kirstie€Green€and€Paul€Green€are€vacatedÏand€remanded€for€a€new€trial€consistent€with€this€opinion.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_______________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌ