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ŠÓ  Óą  ąą ` ąThe€appellant,€Russell€E.€Mills,€appeals€the€trial€courtššs€imposition€of€a€sentence€ofŠ #`" Šeleven€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction€upon€his€plea€of€guilty€toŠ ü#L# Švehicular€homicide.€€The€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€enhancementŠ č$8 $ Šfactors€and€failed€to€apply€mitigating€factors€in€determining€the€length€of€his€sentence.€€AccordingŠ Ō%$!% Što€the€appellant,€he€satisfied€the€criteria€for€an€especially€mitigated€offender€and,€moreover,€was€anŠ Ą&"& Šappropriate€candidate€for€probation.€€Upon€a€de€novo€review€of€this€case,€we€modify€the€judgmentŠ ¬'ü"' Šof€the€trial€court.Š ˜(č#( ŠĢą@ģąņ ņņņI.€€Factual€Backgroundóóó óˆŠ p*Ą%* Šą  ąą ` ąThe€record€of€both€the€guilty€plea€hearing€and€the€sentencing€hearing€reflect€that€theŠ \+¬&+ Šappellantššs€plea€of€guilty€to€Ō#†¼TŹ»XX ^ #ŌŌ€X ^X»¼TŹŌvehicular€homicide€arose€from€a€traffic€accident€on€Highway€31€inŠ H,˜', ŠWilliamson€County€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€September€27,€1998.€€The€record€indicates€that,Š 4-„(-żC ŠŌ_Ōon€the€night€of€September€26,€1998,€and€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€September€27,€the€appellantŠ ° ŠŌ_Ōand€his€companion,€Susan€Bassham,€visited€the€Music€City€Mix€Factory€in€Nashville.€€The€appellantŠ œģ Šwas€driving€Ms.€Basshamššs€car,€having€left€his€own€vehicle€at€Ms.€Basshamššs€residence.€€En€routeŠ ˆŲ Što€the€Music€City€Mix€Factory,€the€appellant€and€Ms.€Bassham€purchased€a€six„pack€of€beer,Š tÄ Šdrinking€several€of€the€beers.€€They€also€stopped€at€a€š šhaunted€house.šš€€Ultimately,€they€arrived€atŠ `° Šthe€club,€where€the€appellant€drank€another€four€or€five€beers€and€a€š šshooter.šš€€Subsequently,€atŠ L œ Šapproximately€4:54€a.m.,€the€appellant€was€driving€Ms.€Basshamššs€vehicle€on€Highway€31,€and€Ms.Š 8 ˆ ŠBassham€was€in€the€passengerššs€seat.€€The€appellant€swerved€into€the€opposing€lane€of€traffic€andŠ $ t Šcollided€with€a€vehicle€driven€by€Charles€Incanella.€€Mr.€Incanella,€who€was€driving€home€fromŠ  ` Šwork,€was€killed€in€the€collision.Š ü L  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąFollowing€the€accident,€several€troopers€with€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol€arrivedŠ Ō$  Šat€the€scene.€€The€appellant€appeared€to€be€intoxicated€at€that€time.€€Moreover,€the€troopersŠ Ą  Šdiscovered€a€six„pack€of€beer,€containing€three€or€four€empty€bottles,€and€two€š šshooteršš€glassesŠ ¬ü  Šlabeled€š šMusic€City€Mix€Factoryšš€inside€Ms.€Basshamššs€vehicle.€€Almost€four€hours€after€theŠ ˜č  Šaccident,€testing€revealed€that€the€appellantššs€blood€alcohol€content€was€0.11.Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąBoth€the€appellant€and€Ms.€Bassham€were€indicted€for€vehicular€homicide.€€On€JulyŠ \¬ Š27,€1999,€the€appellant€pled€guilty€in€the€Williamson€County€Circuit€Court€to€vehicular€homicideŠ H˜ Šas€the€proximate€result€of€his€intoxication.€€The€appellant€and€the€State€agreed€to€allow€the€trial€courtŠ 4„ Što€determine€the€appropriate€sentence.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€conducted€a€sentencing€hearingŠ  p Šon€October€19,€1999.Š  \ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąThe€evidence€adduced€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€including€the€pre„sentence€report,Š ä4 Šreflects€that€the€appellant€does€not€have€a€prior€history€of€criminal€activity€nor€a€prior€history€ofŠ Š  Šalcohol€abuse.€€Moreover,€the€appellant€graduated€from€high€school€in€1990€and€has€been€steadilyŠ ¼  Šemployed€since€his€graduation,€most€recently€by€American€Bank€Note€in€Columbia,€Tennessee.€€InŠ Øų Šaddition€to€his€regular,€full„time€employment,€the€appellant€worked€with€the€Columbia€FireŠ ”ä ŠDepartment€from€1995€to€1998€and€was€a€reserve€police€officer€with€the€Columbia€PoliceŠ €Š ŠDepartment€from€1997€to€1998.€€According€to€the€testimony€of€several€officers€of€the€ColumbiaŠ l¼ ŠPolice€Department,€the€appellant€was€a€good€officer,€who€frequently€worked€more€than€his€requiredŠ X Ø Šhours.€€The€appellant€is€currently€married€to€his€co„defendant,€Ms.€Bassham.€€He€also€has€twoŠ D!” Šchildren€by€a€prior€marriage€and,€before€his€offense,€exercised€visitation€with€his€children€every€otherŠ 0"€  Šweek€and€paid€child€support.€€The€appellantššs€mother,€Sandy€Mills,€testified€at€the€sentencing€hearingŠ #l! Šand€confirmed€that€the€appellant€has€been€both€a€good€son€and€a€good€father.€€Ms.€Mills€also€assertedŠ $X" Šthat€the€appellant€has€expressed€to€her€his€remorse€for€this€offense.€€The€appellant€declined€to€testifyŠ ō$D # Šon€his€own€behalf€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąNumerous€relatives€and€friends€of€Mr.€Incanella€testified€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€Š ø'#& ŠIn€particular,€Mr.€Incanellaššs€wife,€Michelle€Incanella,€testified€that€she€had€known€her€husband€forŠ ¤(ō#' Štwenty„four€years,€since€she€was€fourteen€years€old.€€At€the€time€of€her€husbandššs€death,€they€hadŠ )ą$( Šbeen€married€for€sixteen€years€and€had€one€son,€Eric,€who€was€nine€years€old€and€enjoyed€a€closeŠ |*Ģ%) Šrelationship€with€his€father.€€Indeed,€Mrs.€Incanella€related€that€Mr.€Incanella€was€a€devoted€husbandŠ h+ø&* Šand€father€and€that€the€year€since€his€death€had€been€extremely€difficult€for€both€her€and€her€son.€Š ° ŠMrs.€Incanella€noted€that,€at€her€husbandššs€death,€š šthe€root€of€.€.€.€[Ericššs]€security€.€.€.€[was]€strippedŠ œģ Šawayšš€and€that€Ericššs€subsequent€struggles€in€school€were€only€one€manifestation€of€his€loss.€€Mrs.Š ˆŲ ŠIncanella€was€herself€unable€to€drive€past€the€location€of€the€accident€and,€therefore,€no€longerŠ tÄ Švisited€certain€friends€who€lived€in€the€surrounding€area.€€She€concluded€that€she€had€difficultyŠ `° Šcomprehending€her€husbandššs€death€and€felt€as€if€she€were€living€in€a€nightmare.Š L œ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAmong€others,€Brenda€Vonzellen,€a€friend€of€Mr.€Incanella,€expressed€her€anger€atŠ $ t Šthe€appellantššs€offense.€€She€cited€several€statistics€that€she€had€retrieved€from€a€Mothers€AgainstŠ  ` ŠDrunk€Driving€(MADD)€website€on€the€Internet.€€Ms.€Vonzellen€asserted€that,€nationwide,€drunkŠ ü L  Šdrivers€kill€š šthe€equivalent€of€two€plane„loadsšš€of€people€every€week.€€She€further€noted€that,€inŠ č 8  ŠTennessee,€forty„one€percent€(41%)€of€all€traffic€accidents€are€related€to€the€consumption€of€alcohol.€Š Ō$  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€imposed€a€sentence€ofŠ ¬ü  Šeleven€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€The€trial€court€based€itsŠ ˜č  Šsentencing€determination€upon€the€application€of€two€enhancement€factors:€(2)€[t]he€defendant€wasŠ „Ō  Šthe€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€two€(2)€or€more€criminal€actors;€and€(6)€theŠ pĄ Šamount€of€property€damage€sustained€by€the€victim€was€particularly€great.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„Š \¬ Š35„114€(1997).€€The€court€noted€that,€due€to€the€length€of€the€appellantššs€sentence,€he€was€notŠ H˜ Šeligible€for€probation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„303(a)€(1997).€€Moreover,€the€court€noted€that€theŠ 4„ Šappellant€was€not€an€appropriate€candidate€for€probation,€as€confinement€was€necessary€to€avoidŠ  p Šdepreciating€the€seriousness€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„103(1)(B)€(1997).€Š  \ ŠSpecifically,€the€court€emphasized€the€appellantššs€status€as€a€reserve€police€officer€at€the€time€of€thisŠ ųH Šoffense.€€Citing€Ms.€Vonzellenššs€testimony,€the€court€also€observed€that€the€confinement€of€theŠ ä4 Šappellant€was€necessary€to€deter€others€from€driving€under€the€influence€of€alcohol.€€ņņId.óóŠ Š  ŠĢą@éé$ģąņ ņņņII.€€Analysisó óóóˆŠ Øų Šą  ąą ` ąIn€this€appeal,€the€appellant€is€challenging€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€hisŠ ”ä Šsentence.€€Appellate€review€of€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence€is€de€novo.€€Tenn.Š €Š ŠCode.€Ann.€šš€40„35„401(d)€(1997).€€However,€if€the€record€reveals€that€the€trial€court€adequatelyŠ l¼ Šconsidered€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances,€this€court€will€accord€theŠ X Ø Štrial€courtššs€determination€a€presumption€of€correctness.€€ņņId.óó;€ņņState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169Š D!” Š(Tenn.€1991).€€The€burden€is€upon€the€appellant€to€demonstrate€the€impropriety€of€his€sentence.€Š 0"€  ŠTenn.€Code.€Ann.€šš€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€Because€we€conclude€that€theŠ #l! Štrial€court€in€this€case€erroneously€failed€to€consider€applicable€mitigating€factors,€we€do€not€accordŠ $X" Šits€determination€the€presumption.ņņóó€€ņņBut€seeóó€ņņState€v.€Wareóó,€No.€02C01-9508-CR-00228,€1997€WLŠ ō$D # Š30346,€at€*6€n.€2€(Tenn.Crim.App.€at€Jackson,€January€28,€1997).€€In€any€event,€we€consider€theŠ ą%0!$ Šfollowing€factors€in€reviewing€the€trial€courtššs€determination:€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€atŠ Ģ&"% Šthe€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing;€(2)€the€pre„sentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€andŠ ø'#& Šarguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conductŠ ¤(ō#' Šinvolved;€(5)€evidence€and€information€offered€by€the€parties€on€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors;Š )ą$( Šā ā(6)€any€statement€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€orŠ |*Ģ%) Štreatment.€Tenn.€Code.€Ann.€šš€40„35„102€and€„103€(1997),€„210€(1998€Supp.).€€ņņSee€alsoóó€ņņAshbyóó,€823Š ° ŠS.W.2d€at€168.Š œģ Šā āĢņ ņa.ą0  ąThe€Length€of€the€Sentenceó óŠtÄ(#(# Šą  ąą ` ąThe€offense€of€vehicular€homicide€as€the€proximate€result€of€the€driverššs€intoxicationŠ `° Šis€a€class€B€felony.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„213€(b)€(1997).€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€theŠ L œ Šappellant€did€not€dispute€his€status€as€a€Range€I€offender.€€Accordingly,€he€was€subject€to€a€sentenceŠ 8 ˆ Šof€š šnot€less€than€eight€(8)€nor€more€that€twelve€(12)€yearsšš€incarceration.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„Š $ t Š112(a)(2)€(1997).€€The€statutorily€prescribed€procedure€for€determining€the€appropriate€length€of€aŠ  ` Šfelony€sentence€within€the€applicable€range€is€set€forth€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„210.€€AccordingŠ ü L  Što€this€statute,€the€presumptive€sentence€in€this€case€was€eight€(8)€years€incarceration.€€ņņId.óó€at€(c).€Š č 8  ŠHowever,€if€there€were€enhancement€factors€and€no€mitigating€factors,€then€the€court€could€imposeŠ Ō$  Ša€sentence€above€the€minimum€in€the€range.€€ņņId.óó€at€(d).€€If€there€were€both€enhancement€andŠ Ą  Šmitigating€factors,€the€court€was€required€to€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range,€enhance€theŠ ¬ü  Šsentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sentenceŠ ˜č  Šwithin€the€range€as€appropriate€for€mitigating€factors.€€ņņId.óó€at€(e).€€Assigning€the€appropriate€weightŠ „Ō  Što€applicable€factors€was€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€when€š šššbalancing€the€relative€degreesŠ pĄ Šof€culpability€within€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€of€the€case€involved.šššš€ņņState€v.€Boggsóó,€932Š \¬ ŠS.W.2d€467,€475€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)(citation€omitted).Š H˜ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAs€noted€earlier,€in€imposing€a€sentence€of€eleven€years€incarceration,€the€trial€courtŠ  p Šconsidered€the€appellantššs€role€as€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€involving€two€criminalŠ  \ Šactors€and€the€amount€of€property€damage€sustained€by€the€victim.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(2)Š ųH Šand€(6).€€The€appellant€now€challenges€the€trial€courtššs€consideration€of€these€factors.€€Moreover,€theŠ ä4 Šappellant€asserts€that€the€following€mitigating€factors€are€applicable€in€his€case:€(11)€the€appellantŠ Š  Šcommitted€the€vehicular€homicide€under€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€that€aŠ ¼  Šsustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€his€conduct;€and€(13)€the€appellant€has€no€criminalŠ Øų Šrecord,€has€financially€supported€his€family€throughout€his€adulthood,€and€has€expressed€remorseŠ ”ä Šfor€his€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„113€(1997).€€Finally,€the€appellant€argues€that,€becauseŠ €Š Šthere€were€mitigating€factors€and€no€enhancement€factors€and€because€he€lacks€any€prior€felonyŠ l¼ Šconvictions,€he€was€eligible€for€sentencing€as€an€especially€mitigated€offender.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Š X Ø Ššš€40„35„109(a)€(1997).Š D!” Šņ ņó óĢą  ąą ` ąInitially,€the€appellant€was€not€eligible€for€sentencing€as€an€especially€mitigatedŠ #l! Šoffender€because€the€record€supports€the€application€of€enhancement€factors€to€the€appellantššsŠ $X" Šconviction€of€vehicular€homicide.€€In€this€regard,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€appliedŠ ō$D # Šenhancement€factor€(2),€that€the€appellant€was€the€leader€in€the€commission€of€an€offense€involvingŠ ą%0!$ Štwo€or€more€actors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114.€€The€appellant€argues€that€his€offense€did€notŠ Ģ&"% Šinvolve€two€criminal€actors€because€Ms.€Bassham€was€merely€a€passenger€in€the€vehicle€that€theŠ ø'#& Šappellant€was€driving,€and€the€ownership€of€the€vehicle€š šremain[s]€a€mystery€as€far€as€the€recordŠ ¤(ō#' Šreveals.šš€€We€acknowledge€that€the€State€carries€the€burden€of€proving€facts€relevant€to€sentencingŠ )ą$( Šby€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€ņņState€v.€Winfieldóó,€No.€E1996„00012„SC„R11„CD,€2000€WLŠ |*Ģ%) Š793948,€at€*3€(Tenn.€at€Knoxville,€June€20,€2000);€ņņState€v.€Caricoóó,€968€S.W.2d€280,€287€(Tenn.Š h+ø&* Š1998);€ņņState€v.€Carteróó,€908€S.W.2d€410,€413€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€However,€at€the€beginningŠ ° Šof€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€court€asked€the€prosecutor€to€reiterate€the€factual€basis€of€theŠ œģ Šappellantššs€plea.€€Accordingly,€the€prosecutor€related€the€circumstances€of€the€appellantššs€offense,Š ˆŲ Šincluding€statements€to€the€police€made€by€both€the€appellant€and€Ms.€Bassham.€€These€statementsŠ tÄ Šincluded€a€statement€by€the€appellant€that,€at€the€time€of€the€instant€offense,€he€was€driving€Ms.Š `° ŠBasshamššs€car.€€The€trial€court€then€inquired€whether€defense€counsel€disputed€the€accuracy€of€theŠ L œ Šprosecutorššs€account€or€wished€to€proffer€any€objection€to€the€account.€€Defense€counsel€noted€thatŠ 8 ˆ ŠMs.€Basshamššs€statements€to€the€police€would€likely€have€been€inadmissible€at€the€appellantššs€trialŠ $ t Šbut€otherwise€conceded€the€accuracy€of€the€prosecutorššs€account€for€purposes€of€sentencing.Š  ` ŠĢą  ąą ` ąIn€sum,€the€undisputed€factual€basis€of€the€appellantššs€plea€adequately,€albeitŠ č 8  Šcircumstantially,€supports€the€trial€courtššs€finding€that€Ms.€Bassham€was€a€participant€in€theŠ Ō$  Šappellantššs€offense.€€ņņSee,€e.g.,óó€ņņState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€75„77€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Š Ą  Š1995)(when€the€evidence€showed€that€the€defendant€allowed€her€intoxicated€friend€to€drive€herŠ ¬ü  Švehicle€and€that€her€friend€subsequently€drove€into€an€opposing€lane€of€traffic€and€collided€withŠ ˜č  Šanother€vehicle€killing€the€driverššs€unborn€fetus,€the€defendant€was€criminally€responsible€forŠ „Ō  Švehicular€homicide).€€Indeed,€Ms.€Bassham€was€indicted€along€with€the€appellant€by€a€WilliamsonŠ pĄ ŠCounty€Grand€Jury€for€the€offense€of€vehicular€homicide,€and€the€trial€in€her€case€was€pending€at€theŠ \¬ Štime€of€the€appellantššs€sentencing€hearing.€€Accordingly,€the€trial€court€could€conclude€that€theŠ H˜ Šappellant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€ņņCf.óó€ņņState€v.€Stewartóó,€No.€03C01„9106„CR„Š 4„ Š00158,€1992€WL€46833,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€March€13,€1992)(this€court€held€thatŠ  p Šthe€defendant€was€the€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offense€of€driving€under€the€influence€(DUI)Š  \ Šwhen€the€evidence€established€that,€with€his€brotherššs€permission,€he€drove€his€brotherššs€truck€whileŠ ųH Šintoxicated,€and€his€brother€was€convicted€of€aiding€and€abetting€DUI).Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąą ` ąWe€note€that,€under€ņņWilliamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d.€at€82,€Ms.€Bassham€was€also€a€leaderŠ ¼  Šin€the€commission€of€this€vehicular€homicide.€€However,€the€application€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„Š Øų Š35„114(2)€does€not€require€that€the€appellant€be€the€sole€leader.€€ņņState€v.€Hicksóó,€868€S.W.2d€729,€731Š ”ä Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€ņņSee€alsoóó€ņņState€v.€Williamsóó,€No.€02C01„9804„CR„00106,€1999€WLŠ €Š Š504537,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€July€16,€1999)(there€can€be€more€than€one€leader€in€theŠ l¼ Šcommission€of€an€offense);€ņņState€v.€Johnsonóó,€No.€02C01„9504„CC„00097,€1997€WL€80970,€at€*11Š X Ø Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€February€27,€1997)(equal€participation€in€a€crime€by€the€twoŠ D!” Šperpetrators€does€not,€by€itself,€preclude€the€use€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(2)€to€enhance€aŠ 0"€  Šsentence);€ņņState€v.€Franklinóó,€No.€03C01„9402„CR„0061,€1995€WL€567484,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Š #l! Šat€Knoxville,€September€27,€1995)(Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(2)€may€be€applied€even€when€aŠ $X" Šco„defendant€is€equally€if€not€more€culpable€for€the€offenses€involved).Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAs€to€the€trial€courtššs€application€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(6),€concerning€theŠ Ģ&"% Šamount€of€property€damage€sustained€by€the€victim,€the€undisputed€facts€of€this€case€indicate€thatŠ ø'#& ŠMr.€Incanella€was€driving€a€1984€Chevrolet€Beretta€at€the€time€of€the€accident.€€Mrs.€IncanellaŠ ¤(ō#' Štestified€that€the€Chevrolet€Beretta€was€in€excellent€condition.€€She€recounted€that€she€and€herŠ )ą$( Šhusband€had€purchased€the€vehicle€shortly€before€their€sonššs€birth,€that€the€vehicle€had€proved€to€beŠ |*Ģ%) Švery€reliable,€and€that€the€gas€mileage€was€good.€€Mrs.€Incanella€also€identified€and€the€StateŠ h+ø&* Šintroduced€into€evidence€photographs€of€the€vehicle€following€the€accident.€€Mrs.€IncanellaŠ ° Šconfirmed€that€the€vehicle€was€completely€destroyed€in€the€accident€but€stated€that€she€had€notŠ œģ Šreplaced€the€vehicle.€€When€asked€the€value€of€the€vehicle,€she€responded,€š šI€donššt€know,€a€coupleŠ ˆŲ Šthousand€dollars€Iššm€sure.€€Four€or€five€thousand€dollars.ššŠ tÄ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąThe€appellant€argues€on€appeal€that€Mrs.€Incanellaššs€testimony€and€the€photographsŠ L œ Šof€the€wrecked€vehicle€do€not€establish€š šparticularly€greatšš€property€damage,€i.e.,€property€damageŠ 8 ˆ Šš šgreater€than€that€which€ordinarily€results€from€a€vehicular€homicide€accident.šš€€In€other€words,€theŠ $ t Šappellant€argues€that€a€vehicular€homicide€would€normally€entail€the€complete€destruction€of€aŠ  ` Švictimššs€vehicle.€€We€simply€note€that€the€offense€of€vehicular€homicide€does€not€require€that€theŠ ü L  Švictim€be€driving€a€vehicle€or€that€a€victim€be€a€passenger€in€a€vehicle.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39„13„Š č 8  Š213.€€Moreover,€this€court€has€previously€held€that€similar€damage€to€a€victimššs€property€will€supportŠ Ō$  Šthe€application€of€the€disputed€factor€to€enhance€a€sentence€for€vehicular€homicide.€€ņņSee,€e.g.,óó€ņņStateŠ Ą  Šv.€Kellyóó,€No.€01C01„9610„CC„0048,€1998€WL€712268,€at€*12€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,Š ¬ü  ŠOctober€13,€1998)(Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(6)€was€applicable€to€enhance€sentences€forŠ ˜č  Švehicular€homicide€and€vehicular€assault€when€the€victimsšš€vehicle,€valuing€six€thousand€dollars,Š „Ō  Šwas€destroyed);€ņņState€v.€Trahanóó,€No.€01C01„9408„CR„00276,€1995€WL€293093,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.Š pĄ ŠApp.€at€Nashville,€May€15,€1995)(factor€(6)€was€applicable€to€a€conviction€of€vehicular€homicideŠ \¬ Šwhen€the€victimššs€vehicle€was€a€total€loss€and€itššs€value€was€approximately€five€thousand€dollarsŠ H˜ Š($5,000)).€€ņņCf.óó€ņņState€v.€Neblettóó,€No.€01C01„9805„CC„00231,€1999€WL€743633,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.Š 4„ ŠApp.€at€Nashville,€September€24,€1999),€ņņperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2000)(factor€(6)€wasŠ  p Šapplicable€to€enhance€a€sentence€for€vehicular€assault€because€the€victimššs€car,€valued€atŠ  \ Šapproximately€eight€thousand€dollars€($8,000),€was€totaled€as€a€result€of€the€accident€with€theŠ ųH Šdefendant);€ņņState€v.€Robinsonóó,€No.€02C01„9505„CC„00126,€1996€WL€89419,€at€*3€(Tenn.€Crim.Š ä4 ŠApp.€at€Jackson,€February€29,€1996)(factor€(6)€was€applicable€to€a€vehicular€assault€conviction€whenŠ Š  Šthe€victimššs€car,€worth€approximately€three€thousand€dollars€($3,000),€was€totally€destroyed).Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąSignificantly,€the€appellant€did€not€dispute€the€accuracy€of€Mrs.€Incanellaššs€valuationŠ ”ä Šof€her€husbandššs€vehicle€at€the€sentencing€hearing€and€does€not€dispute€her€valuation€now.€€At€theŠ €Š Šsentencing€hearing,€following€the€presentation€of€proof€and€during€argument,€defense€counsel€didŠ l¼ Šquestion€Mrs.€Incanellaššs€qualification€to€testify€concerning€the€value€of€her€husbandššs€vehicle€butŠ X Ø Šconceded€that€he€had€not€made€a€timely€objection,€explaining€that€he€had€refrained€from€objectingŠ D!” Šdue€to€his€respect€for€Mrs.€Incanella.€€Be€that€as€it€may,€š šš š[w]hen€a€party€does€not€object€to€theŠ 0"€  Šadmissibility€of€evidence,€.€.€.€the€evidence€becomes€admissible€notwithstanding€any€other€Rule€ofŠ #l! ŠEvidence€to€the€contrary€.€.€.€.šššš€€ņņState€v.€Smithóó,€No.€W1998„00156„SC„R11„CD,€2000€WL€872830,Š $X" Šat€*4€(Tenn.€at€Jackson,€June€30,€2000)(publication€pending);€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€103(a)(1);€Tenn.€R.Š ō$D # ŠApp.€P.€36(a).€€ņņSee€alsoóó€ņņState€v.€Wrightóó,€No.€03C01„9203„CR„00087,€1992€WL€386323,€at€*2€(Tenn.Š ą%0!$ ŠCrim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€December€29,€1992)(when€defendant€failed€to€object€to€testimony€of€non„Š Ģ&"% Šowners€concerning€the€value€of€property,€non„ownersšš€testimony€was€proper€proof,€and€the€StateŠ ø'#& Šcarried€its€burden).€€€Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢą  ąą ` ąIn€any€event,€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€701(b),€a€witness€may€testify€to€the€value€of€theŠ |*Ģ%) Šwitnessšš€own€property.€€It€is€unclear€from€the€record€whether€Mrs.€Incanella€was€the€title€owner€ofŠ h+ø&* Šthe€property.€€ņņState€v.€Bridgeworthóó,€836€S.W.2d€591,€593€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Nevertheless,Š ° Šin€ņņState€v.€Holtóó,€965€S.W.2d€496,€498€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€this€court€held€that€a€witness€whoŠ œģ Šwas€married€to€the€title€owner€of€a€vehicle€and€who€had€intimate€knowledge€of€the€car€was€qualifiedŠ ˆŲ Što€give€a€lay€opinion€as€to€the€value€of€the€car.€€Of€course,€Š tÄ Šą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[t]he€ownerššs€evaluation€is€not€conclusive€proof.€€It€is€to€be€givenŠ `° Šappropriate€weight€considering€the€circumstances€of€the€case.€.€.€.€AnŠ L œ Šownerššs€testimony€based€upon€pure€speculation€will€be€given€little€orŠ 8 ˆ Šno€weight.Š$ t` x` x ŠņņNeil€P.€Cohen,€et€al.,€Tennessee€Law€of€Evidence€šš€óó701.6,€at€454„455€(Michie€ed.,€3ņņrdóó€ed.Š  ` Š1995)(citing€ņņAirline€Construction,€Inc.,€v.€Barróó,€807€S.W.2d€247,€256€(Tenn.€App.€1990)).€€ThatŠ ü L  Šhaving€been€said,€in€light€of€Mrs.€Incanellaššs€testimony€concerning€the€condition€and€reliability€ofŠ č 8  Šthe€vehicle€and€the€evidence€of€its€complete€destruction,€we€decline€to€disturb€the€trial€courtššsŠ Ō$  Šapplication€of€this€factor.Š Ą  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąWe€additionally€note€the€applicability€of€yet€another€enhancement€factor,€that€theŠ ˜č  Šappellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€Tenn.Š „Ō  ŠCode€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(10).€€A€trial€court€cannot€enhance€a€defendantššs€sentence€using€a€factor€thatŠ pĄ Šis€an€essential€element€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114.€€Factor€(10),€as€it€relates€to€theŠ \¬ Šdeath€of€the€victim,€is€inherent€in€every€homicide€case.€€ņņState€v.€Kelleyóó,€No.€E1999„00557„CCA„Š H˜ ŠMR3„CD,€2000€WL€224358,€at€*8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€February€28,€2000).€ņņóóŠ 4„ ŠNevertheless,€the€trial€court€may€consider€this€factor€when€a€defendant€endangers€the€lives€of€peopleŠ  p Šother€than€the€victim.€€ņņState€v.€Zongeóó,€973€S.W.2d€250,€259€(Tenn.Crim.App.€1997);€ņņState€v.Š  \ ŠBinghamóó,€910€S.W.2d€448,€452„453€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);ņņóó€ņņKelleyóó,€No.€E1999„00557„CCA„Š ųH ŠMR3„CD,€2000€WL€224358,€at€*8;€ņņState€v.€Snyderóó,€No.€01C01-9705-CR-00176,€1998€WL€352094,Š ä4 Š*4€(Tenn.Crim.App.€at€Nashville,€July€2,€1998).€€In€this€case,€the€appellant€indisputably€endangeredŠ Š  Šthe€life€of€his€passenger,€Ms.€Bassham.ņņóóŠ ¼  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAs€to€the€mitigating€factors€asserted€by€the€appellant,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€courtŠ ”ä Šproperly€declined€to€consider€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„113(11)€in€this€case.€€This€provisionŠ €Š Šmitigates€an€offense€when€š š[t]he€defendant,€although€guilty€of€the€crime,€committed€the€offenseŠ l¼ Šunder€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€lawŠ X Ø Šmotivated€his€conduct.šš€€ņņId.óó€€ņņóóIn€a€homicide€case,€š š[t]he€central€point€for€.€.€.€€consideration€under€thisŠ D!” Šfactor€is€whether€a€ššsustained€intent€to€violate€the€law€motivated€[the€defendantššs]€conductšš€thatŠ 0"€  Šculminated€in€the€homicide.šš€€ņņState€v.€Russellóó,€No.€03C01„9608„CR„00319,€1997€WL€573475,€atŠ #l! Š*6€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€September€16,€1997).€ņņóó€In€other€words,€in€determining€theŠ $X" Šapplicability€of€this€factor€to€a€homicide€conviction,€a€court€must€first€identify€the€defendantššsŠ ō$D # Šš šššconductšš€that€culminated€in€the€homicidešš€and€then€determine€whether€a€sustained€intent€to€violateŠ ą%0!$ Šthe€law€motivated€that€conduct.€€ņņId.óó€(identifying€the€relevant€conduct€as€a€barroom€brawl€andŠ Ģ&"% Šapplying€factor€(11)€to€the€defendantššs€conviction€of€reckless€homicide).ņņóóŠ ø'#& ŠĢą  ąą ` ąIn€ņņState€v.€Osborneóó,€No.€01C01„9806„CC„00246,€1999€WL€298220,€at€*1€(Tenn.Š )ą$( ŠCrim.€App.€at€Nashville,€May€12,€1999),€a€case€closely€analogous€to€the€instant€case,€a€defendantŠ |*Ģ%) Šdrove€through€the€town€of€Linden,€Tennessee,€at€an€excessive€rate€of€speed,€ultimately€running€a€redŠ h+ø&* Šlight.€€As€he€drove€through€the€intersection,€the€defendant€was€forced€to€swerve€in€order€to€avoid€aŠ ° Šsecond€vehicle€and€collided€with€a€third€vehicle,€killing€two€of€the€passengers€in€the€third€vehicle.€Š œģ ŠņņId.óó€€In€that€case,€this€court€defined€the€š šššconductšš€that€culminated€in€the€homicide[s]šš€as€theŠ ˆŲ Šdefendantššs€violation€of€the€traffic€laws.€€ņņId.óó€at€*4.€€Noting€that€the€defendant€possessed€a€š šsustainedŠ tÄ Šintentšš€to€violate€the€traffic€laws,€this€court€affirmed€the€trial€courtššs€application€of€factor€(11)€to€theŠ `° Šdefendantššs€convictions€of€criminally€negligent€homicide.€€ņņId.óó€€As€in€the€instant€case,€there€was€noŠ L œ Ševidence€of€any€prior€criminal€activity€by€the€defendant.€€ņņId.óó€at€*5.Š 8 ˆ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąIn€this€case,€the€š šššconductšš€that€culminated€in€the€homicidešš€was€the€appellantššsŠ  ` Šdriving€under€the€influence€of€alcohol,€and€the€record€reflects€that€the€appellant€and€his€companionŠ ü L  Šplanned€this€evening€of€drinking€and€driving.€€As€noted€earlier,€according€to€the€undisputed€factualŠ č 8  Šbasis€of€the€appellantššs€plea,€the€appellant€purchased€beer€as€he€was€driving€with€Ms.€Bassham€toŠ Ō$  Šthe€Music€City€Mix€Factory€on€the€evening€of€September€26,€1998,€and€both€he€and€Ms.€BasshamŠ Ą  Šconsumed€three€or€four€bottles€of€beer€in€Ms.€Basshamššs€car.€€At€the€Music€City€Mix€Factory,€theŠ ¬ü  Šappellant€continued€to€drink.€€Moreover,€the€Stateššs€proof€suggests€that,€upon€leaving€the€club,€theŠ ˜č  Šappellant€and€Ms.€Bassham€carried€drinks€to€the€car.€€The€appellant€then€resumed€his€position€behindŠ „Ō  Šthe€wheel€of€Ms.€Basshamššs€car,€and€the€tragic€events€of€this€case€ensued.ņņóó׃ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׊ pĄ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąAs€to€the€remaining€mitigating€factors€proposed€by€the€appellant€pursuant€to€Tenn.Š H˜ ŠCode€Ann.€šš€40„35„113(13),€this€court€has€previously€hesitated€to€afford€significant€weight€to€aŠ 4„ Šdefendantššs€lack€of€a€prior€criminal€record€and€his€stable€work€history,€stating€that€š ševery€citizen€isŠ  p Šexpected€to€refrain€from€committing€any€type€of€crime€.€.€.€[and]€is€expected€to€have€a€stable€workŠ  \ Šhistory€if€the€economy€permits€the€citizen€to€work,€the€citizen€is€not€disabled,€or€the€citizen€is€notŠ ųH Šindependently€wealthy.šš€€ņņState€v.€Turneróó,€No.€03C01„9805„CR„00176,€1999€WL€817690,€at€*16Š ä4 Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Knoxville,€October€6,€1999),€ņņperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€2000).€€ņņSee€alsoóóŠ Š  ŠņņState€v.€Keelóó,€882€S.W.2d€410,€422„423€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€One€might€similarly€observe€that,Š ¼  Šassuming€stable€employment,€every€citizen€is€expected€to€financially€support€his€or€her€children.€€ņņButŠ Øų Šseeóó€ņņState€v.€Claybrooksóó,€910€S.W.2d€868,€873€(Tenn.Crim.App.€1994).€€More€recently,€however,€inŠ ”ä ŠņņState€v.€Gutierrezóó,€5€S.W.3d€641,€646„64€(Tenn.€1999),€our€supreme€court€explicitly€approved€theŠ €Š Šconsideration€of€a€defendantššs€lack€of€a€criminal€history€and,€generally,€his€standing€in€theŠ l¼ Šcommunity€in€mitigating€a€defendantššs€sentence.€€Thus,€in€ņņKelleyóó,€No.€E1999„00557„CCA„MR3„CD,Š X Ø Š2000€WL€224358,€at€*11,€we€observed€that,€š šrelative€to€sentencing,€an€individualššs€past€essentiallyŠ D!” Šstands€as€a€witness€either€for€or€against€him€or€her.šš€€Accordingly,€the€appellant€was€entitled€to€someŠ ° Šconsideration€of€his€admittedly€exemplary€past.Š œģ ŠĢą  ąą ` ąA€defendantššs€remorse€is€also€an€appropriate€consideration€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Š tÄ Ššš€40„35„113(13)€in€determining€the€length€of€his€sentence.€ņņState€v.€Grissomóó,€956€S.W.2d€514,€518Š `° Š(Tenn.Crim.App.€1997);€ņņState€v.€Leggsóó,€955€S.W.2d€845,€852€(Tenn.Crim.App.€1997).€€However,Š L œ Šwe€have€held€that€š ša€sentencing€court€is€not€required€to€consider€the€defendant's€remorse€as€aŠ 8 ˆ Šmitigation€factor€.€.€.€[t]herefore,€failure€to€apply€such€a€mitigator€to€reduce€the€defendant's€sentenceŠ $ t Šcannot€be€considered€an€error.šš€€ņņState€v.€Emertóó,€No.€03C01-9802-CC-00074,€1999€WL€512029,€atŠ  ` Š*4€(Tenn.Crim.App.€at€Knoxville,€July€21,€1999).€€Nevertheless,€in€conducting€our€de€novo€review,Š ü L  Šwe€afford€some€weight€to€this€factor.Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąą ` ąIn€the€case€of€error,€this€court€may€modify€the€appellantššs€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Š Ą  Ššš€40„35„401(c)(2).€€In€modifying€the€appellantššs€sentence,€we€proceed€with€our€analysis€accordingŠ ¬ü  Što€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„210(e).€€Applying€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€40„35„210(e),€we€agree€with€theŠ ˜č  Štrial€court€that,€under€all€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€the€applicable€enhancement€factors€raise€theŠ „Ō  Šappellantššs€sentence€from€a€minimum€term€of€eight€years€incarceration€to€a€term€of€eleven€yearsŠ pĄ Šincarceration.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„114(2),€(6),€and€(10).€€However,€as€noted€above,€theŠ \¬ Šappellantššs€exemplary€past€and€his€remorse€are€appropriate€mitigating€factors€warranting€someŠ H˜ Šreduction€of€his€sentence.€€ņņóóTherefore,€we€reduce€the€appellantššs€sentence€to€a€period€of€nine€yearsŠ 4„ Šincarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.€€ņņId.óó€€The€length€of€the€appellantššs€sentenceŠ  p Šprecludes€his€eligibility€for€probation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„303(a).Š  \ ŠĢą@MM"ģąņ ņņņIII.€€Conclusionó óóóˆŠ ä4 Šą  ąą ` ąFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€we€modify€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€to€reflect€aŠ Š  Šsentence€of€nine€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.Š ¼  ŠĢĢą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą___________________________________€Š €Š Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąNORMA€McGEE€OGLE,€JUDGE