ÿWPC  ¥n­^‡n}‹…–gšÛ`& éR"y@‚k傾o oõ{n$úÔžb.¯áÛ÷6!(g<ö·ò]WÒ*6݈UZ\më®PS&í5épFë¤zRœlͦì+ÑDeµTÝ°±ëòïÊ\‰þ¼Ûe}pÚÄ>»\À!„Â5DçãÀúÌ÷ÂJý4ìßzJ…OΫ¹(¡n ÀµD¹µ¤‘u H€(¹ÉaÜÙ¯¢(ÆR’\Чdƒ‰àü¡$:Ø*îÍ=FØ0 L“,ºÞZììêý¸vìqß­{½˜íkv húmqOÔ|e©â:ôm_²ìÞ3e·®”¹ÈïŒSdò§q iŸxpzòÛ‰)à@›±01œÈ§æÇØè0’PñãFÎKÉqTôlcT`¡NJfi­üG%›($¹·KÿݯcÊÊß¿ÕþºÂ¸2¯¯ç z—\±„Yñ’®AO 22+3D)è=»ßþç¾ å= CÇ×à ¦•9f#’$i£«—/è»N »Óû’š÷ð6Æ 0DÊNUNê^EHH¼Jôúúúúúúúúúúúúb 0ë     Bõõ 0¤ D3¶ D-é 0K ASaÆ´ 0¤z 0D A«b˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»Á¦*+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularYo†)  k1¼º§ ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ý ƒRÇ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôú%ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€One€witness€described€the€residence€as€a€ð ðflat€metal€buildingðð€with€a€shop€area€in€the€front€and€living€quartersÐ ° Ðin€the€rear.€Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular àÝ ƒRÇ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôú%ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Brian€Eaton,€a€drug€chemist€with€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation,€testified€at€trial€that€he€tested€twoÐ ° Ðseparate€samples€of€marijuana,€one€weighing€6.8€grams,€and€the€other€weighing€95.2€grams,€for€a€total€weight€of€102Ð tÄ Ðgrams.€€A€small€portion€of€the€marijuana,€he€said,€was€used€up€in€the€testing€process.€ ²Ý ƒRÇ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôú%ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWyrick€testified€that€the€street€name€for€the€individual€sandwich€bags€of€marijuana€is€ð ðOZðð€bags.€€He€estimatedÐ ° Ðthe€current€street€value€in€Henry€County€for€one€ounce€of€marijuana€at€ð ð[s]omewhere€between€and€[sic]€hundred€and€aÐ tÄ Ðhundred€and€sixty€dollars.ðð€ êÝ ƒRÇ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôú%ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€Deputy€Forrest€initially€said€that€he€thought€that€rolling€papers€had€also€been€discovered€in€the€shower€stall.€Ð ° ÐHowever,€no€rolling€papers€were€visible€in€the€photograph€that€had€been€taken€of€the€items€in€the€shower.€€AnotherÐ tÄ Ðofficer€subsequently€testified€that€he€had€discovered€rolling€papers€on€Ms.€Mobleyððs€person. - ù-(|G2Ç$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Yí»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôú%ò»»Ô d(|3”$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Yí»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3”$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Yí»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Yí»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Yí»»»ÔÑ8€±XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î\¼î»¼YíÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Yí»îî\¼ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJuly€10,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X±X»¼YíÔÌò òÔ#†¼Yí»XX±#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€JASON€ALLEN€MOBLEY€and€Ð úJ ÐDEBRA€JEAN€MOBLEYÔ‡X±X»¼YíÔó óÐ  ^ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Henry€CountyÐ  ^ Ðà@@øøìàNo.€12953€€€€€€Julian€P.€Guinn,€Judge€Ð ú J ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½` AßÐ ¾  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„01884„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€6,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¹  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓFollowing€a€police€search€of€their€home€pursuant€to€a€warrant,€the€defendants,€mother€and€son,€wereÐ ŒÜ Ðeach€indicted€on€one€count€of€possession€of€marijuana€with€the€intent€to€manufacture,€sell,€or€deliver,Ð xÈ Ða€Class€E€felony,€and€one€count€of€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.€€At€theÐ d´ Ðconclusion€of€their€joint€trial,€the€son€was€found€guilty€of€both€counts€as€charged€in€the€indictment.€Ð P  ÐThe€jury€found€the€mother€guilty€of€simple€possession€of€marijuana,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor,€andÐ <Œ Ðpossession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€€The€trial€court€denied€their€motions€for€new€trials,€and€theÐ (x Ðdefendants€filed€timely€appeals€to€this€court.€€On€appeal,€the€defendants€challenge€the€sufficiency€ofÐ d Ðthe€evidence€in€support€of€their€respective€convictions.€€The€State€raises€the€additional€issue€ofÐ P Ðwhether€the€defendants€may€properly€be€represented€by€the€same€appellate€counsel€when€the€recordÐ ì< Ðis€silent€concerning€whether€the€trial€court€addressed€the€possible€conflict€created€by€the€jointÐ Ø( Ðrepresentation.€€After€a€careful€review€of€the€record€and€an€analysis€of€applicable€law,€we€affirm€theÐ Ä Ðjudgments€of€the€trial€court.€Ð ° ÐÔ#†¼Yí»XX±°#ÔÔ‡X±X»¼YíÔÌÓÔÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ t Ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Yí»àX±] #ÔÔ‡X±X.¼YíÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJerry€L.Ð L"œ! ÐSmith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð 8#ˆ" ÐÌVictoria€L.€DiBonaventura,€Paris,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€Jude€P.€Santana,€Camden,€Tennessee€(atÐ %` $ Ðtrial)€for€appellant,€Jason€Allen€Mobley;€and€Raymond€L.€Ivey,€Huntingdon,€Tennessee€(at€trial)€forÐ ü%L!% Ðappellant,€Debra€Jean€Mobley.Ð è&8"& ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€John€H.€Bledsoe,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð À($( ÐRobert€Radford,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steven€L.€Garrett,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ ¬)ü$) ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ˜*è%* ÐÓú ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Yí»XX±) #ÔÔ‡X±X»¼YíÔÐ p,À', ÐÐ \-¬(-ýE ÐòòóóÔ#†¼Yí»XX±ˆ#ÔÔ€X±X»¼YíÔò òòòÓ  ÓÓ  ÓFACTSó óóóÐ ° ÐÓ/Óà  àOn€May€28,€1999,€at€about€9€p.m.,€Henry€County€sheriffððs€deputies€executed€a€search€warrantÐ œì Ðat€the€Mobley€home׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€on€Highway€641€North€in€Paris,€Tennessee.€€Among€the€individuals€presentÐ ˆØ Ðwhen€the€search€was€conducted€were€the€defendants,€forty„six„year„old€Debra€Jean€Mobley€and€herÐ tÄ Ðnineteen„year„old€son,€Jason€Allen€Mobley;€Larry€Mobley,€husband€of€Ms.€Mobley€and€father€ofÐ `° ÐJason;€and€Kevin€Melton.òòóó€€As€a€result€of€the€search,€the€deputies€discovered,€òòinter€aliaóó,€102€gramsÐ L œ Ðof€marijuana,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€rolling€papers,€two€rolling€machines,€a€blender€containing€leaf€residue,€and€a€largeÐ 8 ˆ Ðamount€of€cash.òòóó€€Jason€Mobley,€Ms.€Mobley,€Larry€Mobley,€and€Kevin€Melton€were€arrested€andÐ $ t Ðcharged€with€possession€of€a€Schedule€VI€controlled€substance€(marijuana)€with€intent€toÐ  ` Ðmanufacture,€deliver,€or€sell€and€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€€Kevin€Melton€subsequently€pledÐ ü L  Ðguilty€to€all€charges,€and€the€charges€against€Larry€Mobley€were€dismissed.€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àAt€the€joint€trial€for€Ms.€Mobley€and€Jason€Mobley,€the€defendants€were€represented€byÐ À  Ðseparate€counsel.€€Deputy€James€Edward€Forrest€testified€that€he€and€fellow€deputy€David€ArchieÐ ¬ü  Ðwere€in€the€first€patrol€car€that€arrived€at€the€scene.€€When€they€pulled€up,€six€or€seven€people€wereÐ ˜è  Ðoutside€in€the€front€yard,€but€ð ðat€least€two€of€them,ðð€whom€he€later€identified€as€the€defendants,€ranÐ „Ô  Ðinto€the€house€when€the€officers€arrived.€€He€followed€Ms.€Mobley€into€a€bathroom€off€the€masterÐ pÀ Ðbedroom,€while€Deputy€Archie€pursued€Jason€Mobley€into€another€area€of€the€house.€€When€heÐ \¬ Ðreached€the€bathroom,€he€saw€Ms.€Mobley€appearing€to€put€something€into€the€shower€stall.€€He€saidÐ H˜ Ðthat€she€was€standing€beside€the€shower,€with€the€right€side€of€her€body€ð ðactually€into€the€showerÐ 4„ Ðstall.ðð€€Kevin€Melton€was€standing€beside€the€toilet,€approximately€ten€to€twelve€feet€from€theÐ  p Ðshower.€€Inside€the€shower€stall€were€a€tin€box€with€a€marijuana€cigarette€inside,€a€set€of€keys,€aÐ  \ Ðlighter,€and€a€plastic€bag€of€marijuana.׃,×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Several€ð ðlarge€bags€of€marijuanaðð€in€sealed€zip„lock€bagsÐ øH Ðwere€in€the€toilet.€€On€a€night€table€in€the€adjoining€bedroom€was€a€ð ðrolling€machine.ðð€A€blenderÐ ä4 Ðwith€what€appeared€to€be€ground€up€marijuana€residue€inside€was€discovered€in€the€living€room€areaÐ Ð  Ðof€the€house.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àDeputy€William€David€Archie€testified€that€people€ð ðscatter[ed]ðð€when€he€and€Deputy€ForrestÐ ”ä Ðentered€the€house.€€He€followed€Jason€Mobley€as€he€ran€through€a€bedroom€and€into€a€closet€area,Ð €Ð Ðwhere€he€was€captured.€€Jason€had€an€open€glass€of€beer€in€his€hand,€but€no€drugs€or€drugÐ l¼ Ðparaphernalia€were€discovered€on€his€person.€€However,€ð ðresidue,€seeds,€[and]€stems€of€marijuanaððÐ X ¨ Ðwere€scattered€everywhere,€and€the€ð ðstrong€smellðð€of€smoked€marijuana€was€present€throughout€theÐ D!” Ðhouse.€€On€cross„examination,€Deputy€Archie€acknowledged€that€he€had€no€firsthand€knowledge€thatÐ 0"€  ÐJason€Mobley€lived€at€the€residence.€€He€admitted€that€Jason€had€been€within€his€sight€from€theÐ ° Ðmoment€he€first€€saw€him,€standing€in€the€doorway€of€the€house,€until€he€was€captured€in€the€closetÐ œì Ðof€the€bedroom.€€Jason€had€not€gone€into€the€master€bathroom.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àInvestigator€Scott€Lynn€Wyrick€testified€that€he€obtained€the€search€warrant€based€on€a€tipÐ `° Ðfrom€a€confidential€informant€that€marijuana€was€being€sold€from€the€residence.€€Upon€his€arrival,Ð L œ Ðhe€saw€several€people€around€the€front€door€of€the€building,€including€Ms.€Mobley,€ð ðhurrying€intoÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€shop€area.ðð€€A€strong€smell€of€burning€marijuana€could€be€detected€from€several€feet€outside€theÐ $ t Ðresidence.€€Inside,€in€the€master€bathroom€toilet,€he€found€a€large€plastic€bag€containing€fourÐ  ` Ðsandwich„size€bags€of€marijuana€in€approximately€one€ounce€increments.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Jason€Mobleyððs€wallet,Ð ü L  Ðcontaining€$350,€was€on€the€back€of€the€toilet€tank.€€Another€small€plastic€bag€of€marijuana€and€aÐ è 8  Ðtin€box€containing€one„half€of€a€smoked€marijuana€cigarette€were€found€in€the€shower.€€He€searchedÐ Ô$  ÐMs.€Mobley€and€found€rolling€papers€in€her€right€rear€pocket.€€He€also€found€a€small€bag€ofÐ À  Ðmarijuana€and€some€marijuana€plant€stems€inside€a€recreational€vehicle€located€in€the€shop€area€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€residence.€€Kevin€Melton€was€found€with€$3507.00€in€cash€and€a€small€bag€of€marijuana€on€hisÐ ˜è  Ðperson.€Investigator€Wyrick€testified€that€to€his€knowledge,€and€based€on€information€provided€byÐ „Ô  Ðthe€informant,€Jason€Mobley€lived€at€the€residence€with€his€parents.€€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àKevin€Melton€and€Larry€Mobley€testified€for€the€defendants.€€Melton€claimed€that€theÐ H˜ Ðmarijuana€discovered€in€the€master€bathroom€had€belonged€solely€to€him.€€He€said€that€he€had€beenÐ 4„ Ðoutside€the€Mobley€home€with€ð ðabout€four€ounces€of€marijuanaðð€in€four€separate€zip„lock€bags€insideÐ  p Ða€larger€zip„lock€bag€ð ðdown€[his]€pants,ðð€when€he€saw€the€patrol€cars€pull€up.€€He€ran€inside€to€theÐ  \ Ðmaster€bathroom€and€shoved€the€bag€into€the€commode.€€When€he€was€arrested,€he€had€$3500€inÐ øH Ðcash€and€another€small€bag€of€marijuana€in€his€pocket.€€He€pled€guilty€to€possession€of€marijuanaÐ ä4 Ðwith€the€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sell€and€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€On€cross„Ð Ð  Ðexamination,€Melton€testified€that€the€Mobley€home€was€the€residence€of€Larry,€Debra,€and€JasonÐ ¼  ÐMobley.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€used€a€coffee€blender€at€the€Mobleys€to€grind€up€some€of€hisÐ ¨ø Ðmarijuana,€but€said€that€neither€Larry€nor€Debra€Mobley€were€home€at€the€time.€€He€could€notÐ ”ä Ðexplain€where€he€had€gotten€the€marijuana€that€he€threw€into€the€toilet,€other€than€to€say€that€he€ð ðjustÐ €Ð Ðhad€it.ðð€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àLarry€Mobley€testified€that€he€and€his€wife€had€gone€out€to€dinner€on€the€evening€of€May€28,Ð D!” Ð1999,€and€had€been€home€only€ten€or€fifteen€minutes€when€the€police€arrived€to€execute€the€searchÐ 0"€  Ðwarrant.€€He€claimed€that€he€had€not€smelled€marijuana,€and€had€no€knowledge€of€any€contrabandÐ #l! Ðin€the€house.€€He€explained€the€rolling€machines€and€cigarette€papers€as€items€he€used€to€hand€rollÐ $X" Ðtobacco.€Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àAfter€deliberating,€the€jury€convicted€Jason€Mobley€of€one€count€of€possession€of€marijuanaÐ Ì&"% Ðwith€the€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sell€and€one€count€of€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€Ð ¸'#& ÐMs.€Mobley€was€convicted€of€one€count€of€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia€and€one€count€of€simpleÐ ° Ðpossession€of€marijuana.€€Jason€Mobley€was€sentenced€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€two€yearsÐ œì Ðimprisonment€on€the€possession€of€marijuana€with€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sell€conviction,Ð ˆØ Ðand€11€months,€29€days€on€the€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia€conviction,€with€the€sentences€toÐ tÄ Ðrun€concurrently.€€He€was€assessed€fines€totaling€$7500.€€Ms.€Mobley€was€sentenced€on€both€countsÐ `° Ðto€11€months,€29€days,€to€be€served€concurrently,€with€180€days€confinement,€and€the€remainder€onÐ L œ Ðsupervised€probation.€€She€was€assessed€fines€totaling€$5000.€€Following€the€denial€of€their€motionsÐ 8 ˆ Ðfor€a€new€trial,€both€defendants€filed€timely€appeals€to€this€court.€Ð $ t ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òòòANALYSISóóó óˆÐ ü L  ÐÌà@ìàò òI.€€€Joint€Representation€on€AppealˆÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àó óThe€State€raises€the€issue€of€whether€the€defendants€may€appropriately€be€represented€onÐ ¬ü  Ðappeal€by€the€same€appellate€counsel,€when€the€record€is€silent€concerning€whether€the€provisionsÐ ˜è  Ðof€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€44€(c)€were€followed.€€The€State€argues€that€in€the€absenceÐ „Ô  Ðof€evidence€that€the€trial€court€inquired€into€the€possible€conflict€created€by€the€joint€representation,Ð pÀ Ðand€that€the€defendants€knowingly€elected€to€proceed€with€the€same€appellate€counsel,€the€caseÐ \¬ Ðshould€be€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€a€determination€of€the€issue€of€joint€representation.€€€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àRule€44€of€the€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€involves€a€criminal€defendantððs€right€to€andÐ  p Ðassignment€of€counsel.€€Subsection€(c)€provides:Ð  \ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à(c)€Joint€Representation.ð!ðWhenever€two€or€more€defendants€haveÐ ä4 Ðbeen€jointly€charged€pursuant€to€Rule€8(b)€or€have€been€joined€forÐ Ð  Ðtrial€pursuant€to€Rule€13,€and€are€represented€by€the€same€retained€orÐ ¼  Ðassigned€counsel€or€by€retained€or€assigned€counsel€who€areÐ ¨ø Ðassociated€in€the€practice€of€law,€the€court€shall€promptly€inquire€withÐ ”ä Ðrespect€to€such€joint€representation€and€shall€personally€advise€eachÐ €Ð Ðdefendant€of€the€right€to€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel,€includingÐ l¼ Ðseparate€representation.€€Unless€it€appears€that€there€is€good€cause€toÐ X ¨ Ðbelieve€no€conflict€is€likely€to€arise,€the€court€shall€take€suchÐ D!” Ðmeasures€as€may€be€appropriate€to€protect€each€defendantððs€right€toÐ 0"€  Ðcounsel.€€€Ð#l!` x` x ÐÌSubsection€(c)€€was€added€in€1984€in€order€to€conform€Rule€44€to€the€similar€federal€rule.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ô$D # ÐR.€Crim.€P.€44,€Advisory€Commission€Cmts.€€The€comments€to€Rule€44€of€the€federal€rule€state€thatÐ à%0!$ Ðð ðRule€44(c)€establishes€a€procedure€for€avoiding€the€occurrence€of€events€which€might€otherwiseÐ Ì&"% Ðgive€rise€to€a€plausible€post„conviction€claim€that€because€of€joint€representation€the€defendants€inÐ ¸'#& Ða€criminal€case€were€deprived€of€their€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel.ðð€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐFed.€R.€Crim.€P.€44(c),€Advisory€Committee€Cmts.,€1979€Amendment.€€Regarding€Tennessee€RuleÐ )à$( Ðof€Criminal€Procedure€44(c),€this€court€has€observed€that€it€was€ð ðdesigned€to€protect€defendants€fromÐ |*Ì%) Ðdetrimental€joint€representation€and€to€protect€the€judicial€process€from€needless€multiple€trials€afterÐ h+¸&* Ða€conviction€and€the€revelation€of€conflicts€of€interest.ðð€€òòState€v.€Freida€Kilburn€Hayesóó,€No.€3,€ObionÐ ° ÐCounty,€1988€WL€119335,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Nov.€9,€1988).€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àThe€defendants€in€this€case€were€represented€by€separate€counsel€at€trial€and€in€their€motionsÐ tÄ Ðfor€new€trial.€€On€March€22,€2000,€present€appellate€counsel€was€entered€as€the€attorney€of€recordÐ `° Ðfor€Ms.€Mobley€for€the€purpose€of€her€motion€for€a€new€trial,€replacing€her€trial€counsel.€€JasonÐ L œ ÐMobleyððs€trial€counsel€continued€his€representation€of€Jason€through€his€motion€for€a€new€trial;Ð 8 ˆ Ðthereafter,€on€July€28,€2000,€present€appellate€counsel€filed€a€notice€of€her€representation€of€JasonÐ $ t ÐMobley€for€appeal€purposes.€Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€record€is€silent€regarding€whether€the€trial€court€specifically€inquired€into€appellateÐ è 8  Ðcounselððs€joint€representation€of€the€defendants€on€appeal.€We€find€it€unnecessary,€however,€toÐ Ô$  Ðremand€the€case€to€the€trial€court€for€a€determination€of€the€issue.€€The€State€has€pointed€to€noÐ À  Ðconflict€of€interest,€either€potential€or€actual,€created€by€appellate€counselððs€joint€representation,€andÐ ¬ü  Ðno€conflict€is€apparent€from€the€record.€€ð ðThe€mere€fact€of€joint€representation€will€not,€in€and€ofÐ ˜è  Ðitself,€be€sufficient€to€show€an€actual€conflict,€nor€will€hypothesis€or€speculation.ðð€òòState€v.€Parrottóó,Ð „Ô  Ð919€S.W.2d€60,€61€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(citing€òòUnited€States€v.€Medelóó,€592€F.2d€1305,€1312Ð pÀ Ð(5òòthóó€Cir.€1979)).€€€The€trial€transcript€reveals€that€each€defendant€utilized€similar€trial€strategies,€withÐ \¬ Ðboth€attempting€to€cast€total€blame€for€the€marijuana€and€drug€paraphernalia€found€in€the€house€onÐ H˜ ÐKevin€Melton,€rather€than€on€each€other.€€Nothing€in€the€facts€presented€by€this€case€prohibitedÐ 4„ Ðappellate€counsel€from€undertaking€zealous€representation€of€both€defendants.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€DannyÐ  p ÐBarnhillóó,€No.€86„264„III,€Hickman€County,€1988€WL€10080,€at€*1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Feb.€9,€1988)Ð  \ Ð(finding€that€trial€courtððs€failure€to€literally€comply€with€the€mandates€of€Rule€44(c)€was€harmlessÐ øH Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€in€light€of€clear€evidence€that€no€conflict€of€interest€was€present€orÐ ä4 Ðdeveloped€during€trial).òòóó€€Further,€in€the€absence€of€evidence€of€an€actual€or€potential€conflict€createdÐ Ð  Ðby€appellate€counselððs€joint€representation,€there€is€no€need€to€remand€the€case€for€the€defendantsÐ ¼  Ðto€appear€in€open€court€and€personally€waive€their€right€to€conflict„free€representation.€€òòCf.óó€òòShannonÐ ¨ø ÐL.€Smith€v.€Stateóó,€No.€02C01„9508„CR„00241,€1997€WL€658993,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Oct.€23,Ð ”ä Ð1997)€(calling€for€post„conviction€courts,€when€faced€with€joint€representation€that€may€create€anÐ €Ð Ðactual€or€potential€conflict€of€interest,€to€follow€guidelines€established€by€Rule€44€(c)€for€defendantsððÐ l¼ Ðwaiver€of€the€right€to€conflict„free€representation).€€In€sum,€we€conclude€that€no€actual€or€potentialÐ X ¨ Ðconflict€was€created€by€appellate€counselððs€joint€representation€of€the€defendants€on€appeal,€and€thatÐ D!” Ðnothing,€therefore,€prohibits€us€from€considering€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€issues€raised€by€theÐ 0"€  Ðdefendants€on€appeal.€òòóó€Ð #l! ÐÌà@ÐÐìàò òII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ ô$D # ÐÌà  àó óBoth€defendants€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€in€support€of€their€respectiveÐ Ì&"% Ðconvictions.€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€questionÐ ¸'#& Ðof€the€reviewing€court€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€offense€chargedÐ )à$( Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.Ð |*Ì%) Ð2d€560€(1979).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,Ð h+¸&* Ð835€S.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€inÐ ° Ðcriminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€toÐ œì Ðsupport€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€This€rule€is€applicableÐ ˆØ Ðto€findings€of€guilt€based€on€circumstantial,€as€well€as€direct,€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€551Ð tÄ ÐS.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977);€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€343€S.W.2d€895,€897€(Tenn.€1961).€€Ð `° ÐÌà  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðevidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978);€òòState€v.€Hatchettóó,€560€S.W.2d€627,Ð $ t Ð630€(Tenn.€1978).€€Neither€does€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€of€the€trier€of€fact€inÐ  ` Ðcircumstantial€evidence€cases.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(Tenn.€1956);€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,Ð ü L  Ð574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€To€the€contrary,€we€are€required€to€give€the€State€theÐ è 8  Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€inferencesÐ Ô$  Ðthat€can€be€drawn€from€it€in€support€of€the€convictions.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€Ð À  ÐÌà  àAll€questions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€theÐ ˜è  Ðevidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2dÐ „Ô  Ð620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€€ð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,Ð pÀ Ðaccredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theoryÐ \¬ Ðof€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€theÐ H˜ Ðpresumption€of€innocence€with€which€a€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€ofÐ 4„ Ðguilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€isÐ  p Ðinsufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ô‡X±XXX±ÔÐ  \ ÐÌà  àBoth€defendants€assert€that€the€evidence€ò òó óÔ#†X±XXX±ƒX#Ôagainst€them€was€entirely€circumstantial,€basedÐ ä4 Ðsolely€on€their€presence€in€the€home€where€drugs€were€found€and€the€fact€that€they€ran€at€sight€of€theÐ Ð  Ðofficers.€€They€contend€that€the€evidence€against€them€was€not€strong€enough€to€exclude€everyÐ ¼  Ðreasonable€hypothesis€other€than€their€guilt€of€the€crimes,€and€thus,€that€it€was€insufficient,€as€aÐ ¨ø Ðmatter€of€law,€to€support€their€convictions.€€Jason€Mobley€argues€that€the€State€did€not€exclude€theÐ ”ä Ðpossibility€that€he€was€at€the€home€only€to€visit€his€parents,€and€that€he€ran€at€sight€of€the€policeÐ €Ð Ðbecause€he€was€underage€and€drinking€beer.€€Ms.€Mobley€argues€that€she€was€present€at€the€homeÐ l¼ Ðbecause€she€lived€there,€and€that€she€ran€because€ð ðeveryone€else€ran.ðð€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àCircumstantial€evidence€alone€may€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð 0"€  ÐTransouóó,€928€S.W.2d€949,€955€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996)€(citing€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€313€S.W.2d€451,Ð #l! Ð456„57€(Tenn.€1958)€and€òòState€v.€Haileyóó,€658€S.W.2d€547,€552€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983))òòóó;€òòState€v.Ð $X" ÐButtreyóó,€756€S.W.2d€718,€721€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€However,€if€the€evidence€against€aÐ ô$D # Ðdefendant€is€solely€circumstantial,€it€ð ðððmust€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€otherÐ à%0!$ Ðreasonable€hypothesis€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€.€.€.€.ðððð€òòTransouóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€955òòóó€(quotingÐ Ì&"% ÐòòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€470€S.W.2d€610,€612€(Tenn.€1971)).€€Questions€concerning€the€weight€to€be€givenÐ ¸'#& Ðcircumstantial€evidence€and€the€inferences€to€be€drawn€from€it€are,€as€stated€previously,€reserved€forÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€jury,€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòBrownóó,€551€S.W.2d€at€331;€òòFarmeróó,€343€S.W.2d€at€897.€€ð ðIf€anÐ )à$( Ðappellate€court€finds€that€the€circumstantial€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€a€finding€by€a€rationalÐ |*Ì%) Ðtrier€of€fact€that€the€accused€is€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€it€is€the€duty€of€the€appellate€courtÐ h+¸&* Ðto€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€and€dismiss€the€prosecution€against€the€accused.ðð€€òòTransouóó,òòóóÐ ° Ð928€S.W.2d€at€955€(citations€omitted).Ð œì ÐÌà  àIn€order€to€prove€Jason€Mobley€guilty€of€possession€of€marijuana€with€the€intent€toÐ tÄ Ðmanufacture,€deliver,€or€sell,€the€State€had€to€show€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€he€knowinglyÐ `° Ðpossessed€one„half€ounce€to€ten€pounds€of€marijuana€with€the€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sellÐ L œ Ðit.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417(a)(4)(g)(1)€(Supp.€1998).€€To€prove€Debra€Mobley€guilty€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðsimple€possession,€the€State€had€to€show€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€she€knowingly€possessedÐ $ t Ðmarijuana.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„418(a)€(1997).€€To€prove€both€defendants€guilty€of€theÐ  ` Ðpossession€of€drug€paraphernalia,€the€State€had€to€show€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€they€usedÐ ü L  Ðor€possessed€with€intent€to€use€ð ðequipment,€products€and€materials,ðð€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„Ð è 8  Ð402(12),€to€ð ðplant,€propagate,€cultivate,€grow,€harvest,€manufacture,€compound,€convert,€produce,Ð Ô$  Ðprocess,€prepare,€test,€analyze,€pack,€repack,€store,€contain,€conceal,€inject,€ingest,€inhale,€orÐ À  Ðotherwise€introduce€into€the€human€body€a€controlled€substance[.]ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„Ð ¬ü  Ð425(a)(1)€(1997).€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€as€we€must,€weÐ ˜è  Ðconclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€defendants€guilty€ofÐ „Ô  Ðthese€offenses€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð pÀ ÐÌòòóóà  àAs€an€initial€matter,€we€note€that€the€possession€of€drugs€and€drug€paraphernalia€may€beÐ H˜ Ðconstructive,€as€well€as€actual.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Shawóó,€37€S.W.3d€900,€903€(Tenn.€2001)€(citationsÐ 4„ Ðomitted);òòóó€òòTransouóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€955„56;€òòState€v.€Cooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€125,€129€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð  p Ð1987).€ð ðConstructive€possession€requires€that€a€person€knowingly€have€the€power€and€the€intentionÐ  \ Ðat€a€given€time€to€exercise€dominion€and€control€over€an€object,€either€directly€or€through€others.€Ð øH ÐIn€essence,€constructive€possession€is€the€ability€to€reduce€an€object€to€actual€possession.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð ä4 ÐCopelandóó,€677€S.W.2d€471,€476€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984)€(citation€omitted).€€An€individualððs€mereÐ Ð  Ðpresence€in€an€area€in€which€drugs€are€found,€or€association€with€another€individual€in€possessionÐ ¼  Ðof€drugs,€is€not,€alone,€sufficient€to€establish€constructive€possession.€€òòShawóó,€37€S.W.3d€at€903Ð ¨ø Ð(citing€òòState€v.€Pattersonóó,€966€S.W.2d€435,€445€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€and€òòCooperóó,€736€S.W.2dÐ ”ä Ðat€129).€€However,€possession€of€the€premises€in€which€contraband€is€found€creates€an€inference€thatÐ €Ð Ðthe€possessor€had€possession€of€the€contraband.€€òòSeeóó€òòTransouóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€956;€òòArmstrong€v.Ð l¼ ÐStateóó,€548€S.W.2d€334,€336€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).Ð X ¨ ÐÌà@ôô"ìàò òA.€€Debra€Mobleyó óˆÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€evidence€in€this€case€was€legally€sufficient€to€support€Ms.€MobleyððsÐ $X" Ðconvictions€for€simple€possession€of€marijuana€and€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€It€wasÐ ô$D # Ðundisputed€that€the€house€upon€which€the€search€warrant€was€executed€was€Ms.€Mobleyððs€home.Ð à%0!$ ÐUpon€their€arrival,€sheriffððs€deputies€observed€Ms.€Mobley€running€from€the€yard€to€the€inside€of€theÐ Ì&"% Ðhouse.€€Deputy€Forrest€followed€her€into€the€master€bathroom,€where€he€caught€her€with€her€bodyÐ ¸'#& Ðpartially€inside€the€shower€stall,€in€the€apparent€act€of€placing€something€onto€the€shower€floor.€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐAmong€other€items€discovered€inside€the€shower€into€which€Ms.€Mobley€was€reaching€were€a€smallÐ )à$( Ðplastic€bag€of€marijuana€and€one„half€of€a€smoked€marijuana€cigarette.€€When€she€was€searched,Ð |*Ì%) Ðrolling€papers€were€discovered€in€her€right€rear€pocket.€€Although€Larry€Mobley€testified€that€theÐ h+¸&* Ðrolling€papers€and€rolling€machines€in€the€house€were€ones€he€used€to€hand€roll€tobacco,€the€juryÐ ° Ðcould€have€reasonably€concluded,€in€light€of€the€other€evidence€in€the€case,€that€these€items€wereÐ œì Ðused€to€roll€marijuana€cigarettes.€€The€evidence€was€more€than€sufficient€for€a€rational€trier€of€factÐ ˆØ Ðto€find€Ms.€Mobley€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€simple€possession€of€marijuana€andÐ tÄ Ðpossession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€Ð `° ÐÌà@"ìàò òB.€€Jason€MobleyˆÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àó óWe€also€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€convict€Jason€Mobley€of€possession€ofÐ  ` Ðmarijuana€with€the€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sell,€and€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€Ð ü L  ÐAlthough€no€marijuana€or€drug€paraphernalia€was€discovered€on€his€person,€according€to€theÐ è 8  Ðtestimony€of€both€Kevin€Melton€and€Scott€Wyrick,€Jason€Mobley€resided€at€the€home€with€hisÐ Ô$  Ðparents.€€Investigator€Wyrick€testified€that€he€had€been€familiar€with€Jason€Mobley€prior€to€the€dateÐ À  Ðof€the€search,€and€that€he€knew€him€to€live€at€the€home.€€He€additionally€testified€that€informationÐ ¬ü  Ðprovided€by€the€police€informant€indicated€that€as€recently€as€the€night€that€the€search€warrant€wasÐ ˜è  Ðissued,€Jason€lived€at€the€home€with€his€parents.€€Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àFurthermore,€although€Kevin€Melton€testified€at€trial€that€the€marijuana€in€the€home€belongedÐ \¬ Ðsolely€to€him,€€Investigator€Wyrick€testified€that€the€confidential€informant€told€him€that€he€had€seenÐ H˜ Ðboth€Kevin€Melton€and€Jason€Mobley€in€possession€of€marijuana€at€the€residence.€€Possession€mayÐ 4„ Ðoccur€either€alone,€or€jointly€with€others.€€òòSeeóó€òòCopelandóó,€677€S.W.2d€at€476.€€Here,€the€jury€wasÐ  p Ðpresented€with€evidence€that€Jason€Mobley€resided€at€the€home€in€which€drug€paraphernalia€andÐ  \ Ðlarge€amounts€of€marijuana,€packaged€in€one€ounce,€ð ðretailðð€size€bags,€were€found.€€€The€jury€wasÐ øH Ðalso€presented€with€testimony€that€a€confidential€informant€had€seen€Jason€Mobley€and€KevinÐ ä4 ÐMelton€together€in€possession€of€marijuana€at€the€residence,€and€had€reported€that€marijuana€wasÐ Ð  Ðbeing€sold€from€the€home.€Additionally,€the€jury€heard€that€Jason€Mobley€fled€at€sight€of€the€officers.Ð ¼  ÐA€reasonable€trier€of€fact€could€have€concluded€that€Jason€Mobley€fled€not€because€he€was€drinkingÐ ¨ø Ða€beer€underage€on€the€front€porch€of€his€home,€but€rather€because€he€was€a€joint€owner€of€the€largeÐ ”ä Ðamount€of€marijuana€and€drug€paraphernalia€in€the€residence.€€The€evidence€presented€was€sufficientÐ €Ð Ðfor€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€Jason€Mobley€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€possession€ofÐ l¼ Ðmarijuana€with€the€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver,€or€sell€and€possession€of€drug€paraphernalia.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà@FF%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONóóó óˆÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€defendantsðð€representation€by€the€same€appellate€counsel€does€notÐ $X" Ðcreate€a€conflict€of€interest.€We€further€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€the€case€was€sufficient€toÐ ô$D # Ðsupport€the€defendantsðð€convictions€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€€€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð )à$( Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE