ÿWPC 2~¢ß­"o¢|ȱñ3•C‚¼‘¢Ö‘ûM•Çfâwwký¢­"F:'mqAd²ÅëøE¦Ö³äp¿ƒ§­áÂ~|ÆeNsøtäûvýëÙ[jUw»9Mô ÓV@=¥ëhPDóWzTD€÷æM˜;”ô4>N¡pl•Ï–mTA¯% ýIqFÜ’X™å~+Ö)®,¬M`ˆi!yNbÆ$èŠmcžü~ô?áÛd6¢\=fò¥±jÅÏ#nþÕçKô1 Ö˜óG b¹ºom/k‚νu©{ìÖºä^oôIP„…AxbäòKj¿}¥ð&Aa’¨­XÿO¶WÖæÎùÛ‰äÛQ˜ÁN8vŒûD{Š`è€å‘²ÙA®çÀYK‘{pœ pÁ§ÐHoÔЃÔE¡YœÃµeÙ¢—× ¥Ý–»ÆÝx¡˜¢¤Ëö˜µŠ\û¹Þ6 ƒEôO³CE‹ò±èà -† $Ó}’}K÷ÿ"†33BmÜ™8g\ á•á¥`=íS…´k¦£ý$™qg 4†e7•çêj'a󛜎Amño¯4+³íVdœ®Íu«¦Î#JYFjGžß:U?sÄüG¤ûÇ×ä€ÚT«ÆÄóÞ¢ ûb#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 UN¿ w 4 z% ÒŸ q € m‚ N™ Æ› Æa Æ'Æí ³N¾ 0DÀÀEb 0ë Bùù 0¤ D3º D-í 0K ASeƸ 0¤~ 0D" A«f˜\\IB01S08\KNOXCLERK3ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»²©1Þ (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularóbï.ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 Ý ƒRË$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôíùò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔEven€though€the€victim€of€the€charged€offense€was€not€a€minor,€we€decline€to€express€his€name€in€the€opinion.€Ð ° Ð(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(|G2Ë$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M©»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôíùò»»Ô d(|3‡ˆ$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M©»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3‡ˆ$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M©»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€M©»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼M©»»»ÔÑ8€ XXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îK|M©ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼M©»îîK| #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAugust€17,€2004€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X X»¼M©ÔÌò òÔ#†¼M©»XX ý#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEòòóóE€v.€JAMES€MICHAEL€Ô_ÔMOFFITTÔ_ÔòòóóÔ‡X X»¼M©Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€02CR164€€€€€€James€E.€Ô_ÔBecknerÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2003„01614„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€13,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€James€Michael€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô,€appeals€from€the€Ô_ÔHamblenÔ_Ô€County€Criminal€CourtððsÐ xÈ  Ðimposition€of€a€conviction€of€rape€and€a€sentence€of€ten€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€OnÐ d´ Ðappeal,€he€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€and€the€propriety€of€a€ten„yearÐ P  Ðsentence.€€Because€the€conviction€is€unsupported€by€sufficient€evidence€establishing€the€òòcorpusÐ <Œ Ðdelictióó,€we€reverse€the€conviction€and€dismiss€the€indictment.€Ð (x ÐÔ#†¼M©»XX š#ÔÔ‡X X»¼M©ÔÓüÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€is€Reversed.ó óÐ P ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼M©»àX ”#ÔÔ‡X X.¼M©ÔJames€Curwood€Witt,€Jr.,€óóJ.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€andÐ Ø( ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ä ÐÌJack€T.€Ô_ÔMarecicÔ_Ô,€Rogersville,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€James€Michael€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô.Ð œì ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€John€H.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€C.Ð tÄ ÐBerkeley€Bell,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Ô_ÔPaigeÔ_Ô€Collins,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ `° Ðthe€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð L œ ÐÓ"ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼M©»XX Q#ÔÔ‡X X»¼M©ÔÐ $"t! ÐòòóóÔ#†¼M©»XX l #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X X»¼M©ÔÌà  àà ` àIn€July€2002,€a€detective€with€the€Ô_ÔMorristownÔ_Ô€Police€Department€received€a€complaintÐ ü#L# Ðthat€caused€her€to€investigate€whether€the€defendant€had€sexually€assaulted€B.M.,€the€defendantððsÐ è$8 $ Ðmentally„retarded,€young€adult€son.ò òó ó׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€She€interviewed€and€obtained€a€written€statement€from€theÐ Ô%$!% Ðdefendant.€€The€statement,€which€was€admitted€into€evidence,€said:Ð À&"& ÐÌÒ` °ÒÒ` °ÒSometime€in€April€I€picked€up€[the€victim]€.€.€.€around€2:00€p.m.€€WeÐ ˜(è#( Ðstopped€by€the€cemetery€where€my€mother€is€buried€in€Virginia€andÐ „)Ô$) Ðthen€we€went€to€Kingsport€and€spent€the€rest€of€the€day.€€We€got€backÐ p*À%*ý Ðto€918€North€Church€Street€around€8€oððclock.€€Weððd€been€home€aboutÐ ° Ðthirty€to€forty€minutes€when€[the€victim]€took€off€his€pants€and€laidÐ œì Ðdown€in€the€living€room€floor.€€He€wanted€me€to€touch€his€penis,€soÐ ˆØ ÐI€did€suck€his€penis€but€only€for€a€few€minutes.€€I€then€got€up€andÐ tÄ Ðwent€to€the€bathroom.€€I€told€[the€victim]€that€what€we€were€doingÐ `° Ðwas€not€right.€€I€went€to€the€bathroom,€washed€my€hands.€€And€whenÐ L œ ÐI€ignored€him€he€finally€put€his€clothes€on.€€Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌÒ°` ÒÒ°` Òà  àà ` àThe€state€offered€medical€proof€that€the€victim€suffers€from€Ô_ÔLenoxÔ_Ô„Ô_ÔGastoÔ_Ô€Syndrome,Ð  ` Ða€severe€from€of€epilepsy€involving€recurrent€seizures€and€ð ðmental€subnormality.ðð€€A€physicianÐ ü L  Ðtestified€that€the€victim€is€severely€mentally€retarded€but€is€at€times€able€to€communicate.€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àTestifying€for€the€defense,€Ô_ÔMittieÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô,€the€victimððs€mother€and€the€defendantððs€ex„Ð À  Ðwife,€testified€that€she€had€known€the€defendant€for€25€years,€although€they€had€divorced€inÐ ¬ü  ÐNovember€2001.€€She€testified€that€she€had€never€known€the€defendant€to€behave€inappropriatelyÐ ˜è  Ðwith€any€of€their€four€children,€including€the€victim.€€In€terms€of€social€norms,€the€victim€hadÐ „Ô  Ðexperienced€difficulty€in€managing€his€sexuality.€€He€had€masturbated€in€view€of€other€persons,€bothÐ pÀ Ðindoors€and€outdoors,€and€had€been€brought€home€by€police€officers€after€episodes€of€indecentÐ \¬ Ðexposure.€€She€recalled€that€in€April€or€May€2002,€the€defendant€picked€up€the€victim€for€a€day€tripÐ H˜ Ðand€returned€with€him€about€9:00€p.m.€€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àà ` àBased€upon€the€above€evidence,€the€state€convicted€the€defendant€of€rape.€€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àà ` àFirst,€we€address€the€stateððs€argument€in€its€brief€that€the€appeal€should€be€dismissed€Ð ä4 Ðbecause€the€motion€for€new€trial€was€filed€one€day€late€and€that,€consequently,€the€notice€of€appealÐ Ð  Ðwas€untimely.€òò€Seeóó€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€P.€33(b)€(establishing€30„day€period€for€filing€motion€for€newÐ ¼  Ðtrial);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€4(a)€(establishing€30„day€period,€ð ðafter€the€date€of€entry€of€judgment,ðð€forÐ ¨ø Ðfiling€notice€of€appeal).€€The€motion€for€new€trial€was€filed€31€days€after€the€trial€court€filed€itsÐ ”ä Ðjudgment,€but€after€consulting€a€2003€calendar,€we€find€that€the€30òòthóó€day,€April€20,€2003,€fell€on€aÐ €Ð ÐSunday.€€Thus,€the€motion€for€new€trial€and€the€notice€of€appeal€were€timely,€and€in€its€oral€argumentÐ l¼ Ðbefore€the€court,€the€state€conceded€as€much.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€P.€€45(a)€(in€computing€timeÐ X ¨ Ðpursuant€to€the€Rules,€the€ð ðlast€day€of€the€period€.€.€.€shall€be€included€unless€it€is€a€.€.€.€Sundayðð).€Ð D!” ЀÌà  àà ` àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,Ð #l! Ðfocusing€especially€upon€the€paucity€of€evidence€establishing€the€òòcorpus€delictióó.€ò òó ó€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€courtððsÐ à%0!$ Ðstandard€of€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ Ì&"% Ðprosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ ¸'#& Ða€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,Ð ¤(ô#' Ð2791€(1979);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985).€€€Ð )à$( Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€should€not€Ô_ÔreweighÔ_Ô€or€re„Ð ° Ðâ âevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1990).€€QuestionsÐ œì Ðconcerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€allÐ ˆØ Ðfactual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÐ tÄ Ð832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€ofÐ `° Ðfact€from€the€evidence.€€òòÔ_ÔLiakasÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956);€òòFarmerÐ L œ Ðv.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1978).€€On€the€contrary,€this€court€must€afford€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðstate€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonableÐ $ t Ðand€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòCabbage,€óó571€S.W.2d€at€835.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àAs€alleged€in€the€indictment,€rape€is€committed€by€one€who€unlawfully€sexuallyÐ è 8  Ðpenetrates€a€victim,€or€who€is€likewise€penetrated€by€the€victim,€when€the€person€ð ðknows€or€hasÐ Ô$  Ðreason€to€know€that€the€victim€is€mentally€defective,€mentally€incapacitated€or€physically€helpless.ðð€Ð À  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(3)€(2003).Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àIt€is€apparent€that€the€defendantððs€statement€admitted€into€evidence€and€the€medicalÐ „Ô  Ðtestimony€describing€the€victimððs€mental€incapacity€address€the€elements€of€the€crime€of€rape.€€It€ð ðisÐ pÀ Ðcertainly€a€sound€statement€of€law,ðð€however,€that€ð ðthe€òòcorpus€delicti€óócan€not€[sic]€be€proved€by€theÐ \¬ Ðconfession€alone.ðð€òò€Ô_ÔWootenÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€203€Tenn.€473,€481,€314€S.W.2d€1,€5€€(1958).€€ð ðòòCorpus€delictióóððÐ H˜ Ðliterally€means€the€body€of€the€crime.€òò€State€v.€Shepherdóó,€862€S.W.2d€557,€564€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð 4„ Ð1992).€€The€òòcorpus€delictióó€consists€of€two€elements:€(1)€a€certain€result€has€been€produced,€and€(2)Ð  p Ðsome€person€is€criminally€responsible€for€the€act.€€òòSee€id.€€óóExpressing€what€was€described€as€ð ðtheÐ  \ Ðgreat€weight€of€authority,ðð€our€supreme€court€has€said€that,€Ð øH ÐÌÒ` °ÒÒ` °Òwhile€the€òòcorpusóó€òòdelictióó€cannot€be€established€by€confessions€alone,Ð Ð  Ðyet€the€confessions€may€be€taken€in€connection€with€other€evidence,Ð ¼  Ðdirect€or€circumstantial,€corroborating€them,€and,€if€from€all€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðevidence€so€considered€together€the€òòcorpus€delicti€óóand€the€guilt€of€theÐ ”ä Ðperson€with€reference€thereto€is€established€beyond€a€reasonableÐ €Ð Ðdoubt,€it€is€the€duty€of€the€jury€to€convict.€Ð l¼ ÐÌÒ°` ÒÒ°` ÒòòÔ_ÔAshbyÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€124€Tenn.€684,€697„98€139€Ô_ÔS.W.Ô_Ô€872,€875€€(1911);€òòaccordóó€òòState€v.€Buckóó,€670€S.W.2dÐ D!” Ð600,€609€(Tenn.€1984);€òòKing€v.€Stateóó,€187€Tenn.€431,€434€215€S.W.2d€813,€814€(1948).€ð ð[TheÐ 0"€  Ðcorroborating]€evidence€is€sufficient€if€.€.€.€it€tends€to€connect€the€defendant€with€the€commission€ofÐ #l! Ðthe€offense,€although€the€evidence€is€slight,€and€entitled,€when€standing€by€itself,€to€but€littleÐ $X" Ðconsideration.ðð€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€24€S.W.3d€274,€281€(Tenn.€2000)€(quoting€òòÔ_ÔRickettsÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€192Ð ô$D # ÐTenn.€649,€654-55,€241€S.W.2d€604,€606€(1951)).€€ð ðWhether€the€state€has€sufficiently€establishedÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€òòcorpusóó€òòdelictióó€is€primarily€a€jury€question.ðð€€òòState€v.€Jones,óó€15€S.W.3d€880,€891€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð Ì&"% ÐApp.€1999).€€All€elements€of€the€òòcorpusóó€òòdelictióó€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòStateÐ ¸'#& Ðv.€Ô_ÔGarmonÔ_Ôóó,€972€S.W.2d€706,€708€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1998).€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€the€present€case,€the€only€corroborating€circumstance€the€state€cites€is€Ô_ÔMittieÔ_ÔÐ |*Ì%) ÐÔ_ÔMoffittÔ_Ôððs€testimony€supporting€the€defendantððs€statement€that€he€picked€up€the€victim€one€day€inÐ h+¸&* ÐApril€or€May€2002€from€the€address€where€Ms.€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô€and€the€victim€lived€at€the€time.€€From€thisÐ ° Ðfact,€the€state€argues€that€it€showed€opportunity,€or€proximity€of€the€defendant€to€the€victim.€€ItÐ œì Ðclaims€that€such€evidence€sufficiently€corroborates€the€defendantððs€confession.€€We€disagree.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€have€reviewed€the€Tennessee€cases€that€have€adjudicated€claims€of€insufficientÐ `° Ðòòcorpus€delictióó€evidence,€and€we€have€found€none€in€which€mere€opportunity€or€proximity€of€theÐ L œ Ðdefendant€to€the€victim€was€found€to€be€sufficient€to€corroborate€a€defendantððs€confession.€€None€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€various€corroborating€circumstances€featured€in€the€cases€is€present€in€this€case.€€For€instance,Ð $ t Ðthere€was€no€ð ðindependent€evidence€that€the€appellant€engaged€in€various€sexual€acts€with€[theÐ  ` Ðvictim]€during€the€time€period€charged€in€the€indictment€[so€as€to]€corroborate[]€his€confessions€toÐ ü L  Ðengaging€in€a€specific€act€of€oral€intercourse€with€[the€victim].ðð€€òòState€v.€Ellis,€€óó89€S.W.3d€584,€600Ð è 8  Ð(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€2000).€There€was€no€testimony€or€prior€statements€from€the€victim.€€òòSee€€Smithóó,Ð Ô$  Ð24€S.W.3d€at€281.€€There€was€no€physical€evidence€corroborating€the€offense.€€òòSee€State€v.€Ô_ÔErvinÔ_Ôóó,Ð À  Ð731€S.W.2d€70,€72€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1986).€€Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€observe€that,€in€the€context€of€the€evidence€introduced€at€trial,€the€defendantððsÐ „Ô  Ðknowledge€of€the€victimððs€address€or€his€proximity€to€the€victim€were€not€such€rare€or€exceptionalÐ pÀ Ðcircumstances€as€to€suggest€that€he€raped€the€victim.€€The€defendant€is€the€victimððs€father,€and€untilÐ \¬ Ða€few€months€before,€when€the€defendant€and€Ô_ÔMittieÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô€divorced,€the€defendant€had€apparentlyÐ H˜ Ðbeen€a€part€of€the€family€unit€throughout€the€victimððs€life.€€During€this€time,€Ô_ÔMittieÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô€noticedÐ 4„ Ðno€improper€behavior€of€the€defendant€directed€toward€any€of€the€coupleððs€children,€including€theÐ  p Ðvictim.€€To€be€sure,€the€evidence€contained€no€proof€that€the€defendant€only€rarely€exercisedÐ  \ Ðvisitation€with€the€victim.€€In€short,€the€defendantððs€proximity€to€the€victim€or€presence€at€his€homeÐ øH Ðis€unremarkable.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àà ` àð ðA€confession€may€sustain€a€conviction€òòwhere€there€is€other€evidence€sufficient€toÐ ¼  Ðshow€the€commission€of€the€crime€by€someoneóó.ðð€€òòState€v.€Jones,€óó15€S.W.3d€880,€891€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð ¨ø ÐApp.€1999)òò€óó(emphasis€added)òò€óó(citing€òòTaylor€v.€Stateóó,€479€S.W.2d€659,€661-62€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð ”ä Ð1972)).€€That€showing€is€absent€in€the€present€case.€€Other€than€the€defendantððs€confession,€theÐ €Ð Ðrecord€is€utterly€devoid€of€any€evidence€that€an€offense€was€committed.€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€result€is€that€the€conviction€must€be€reversed€and€the€indictment€dismissed.Ð D!” ÐDespite€the€reversal€of€the€conviction,€we€shall€address€the€defendantððs€claims€that€the€trial€courtÐ 0"€  Ðerroneously€applied€sentencing€enhancement€factors€and€declined€to€apply€a€mitigating€factor.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€Ô_ÔpresentenceÔ_Ô€report€revealed€that€the€49„year„old€defendant€had€no€record€of€priorÐ ô$D # Ðconvictions.€€In€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€investigating€officer€testified€on€behalf€of€the€defendantÐ à%0!$ Ðthat€the€defendant€was€cooperative€throughout€the€investigation€of€the€case€and€that€the€victimÐ Ì&"% Ðappeared€to€have€sustained€no€injuries€from€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€Ô_ÔMittieÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô€testifiedÐ ¸'#& Ðthat€the€defendant€had€been€a€good€father€to€and€provider€for€the€coupleððs€children€and€that€he€hadÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreceived€numerous€commendations€for€his€work€on€behalf€of€various€charities.€€She€testified€that€theÐ )à$( Ðvictim€had€told€her€that€the€defendant€had€once€performed€oral€sex€on€the€victim€and€had€anallyÐ |*Ì%) Ðpenetrated€him.€€Julie€Ô_ÔMoffittÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€had€never€known€her€father€to€behave€inappropriatelyÐ h+¸&* Ðtoward€any€of€the€children€in€the€family.€€The€victim€had€never€complained€to€her€of€any€suchÐ ° Ðmisbehavior.€€Ð œì ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€applied€factors€(8)€and€(16)€to€enhance€the€defendantððs€sentence€fromÐ tÄ Ðthe€minimum€of€eight€years€to€a€mid„range€sentence€of€ten€years.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð `° Ð114(8),€(16)€(2003)€(ð ð(8)€The€offense€involved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€the€defendantððsÐ L œ Ðdesire€for€pleasure€or€excitementðð;€ð ð(16)€The€defendant€abused€a€position€of€public€or€private€trustðð).€Ð 8 ˆ ÐThe€trial€court€declined€to€mitigate€the€sentence€based€upon€the€offense€neither€causing€norÐ $ t Ðthreatening€serious€bodily€injury.€€òòSee€id.€óóððòò€óó40„35„113(1)€(2003).€€The€trial€court€afforded€theÐ  ` Ðdefendant€some€mitigation€for€having€ð ðreached€an€age€of€maturity€[without€having]€prior€convictionsÐ ü L  Ðother€than€a€traffic€offense.ðð€€€€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àà ` àFirst,€we€examine€the€use€of€factor€(8).€€In€applying€factor€(8),€the€trial€judge€merelyÐ À  Ðcommented€that€ð ð[Ô_Ôf]romÔ_Ô€all€the€facts€and€circumstances€in€this€case,€I€find€that€[(8)]€is€an€applicableÐ ¬ü  Ðenhancement€factor.ðð€€The€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement€may€not€be€inherently€presumed€fromÐ ˜è  Ðthe€act€of€rape.€€€òòState€v.€Adams,óó€864€S.W.2d€31,€35€(Tenn.€1993).€€The€state€bears€the€burden€ofÐ „Ô  Ðdemonstration€that€the€rape€was€sexually€motivated€or€otherwise€was€the€result€of€the€defendantððsÐ pÀ Ðdesire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€òòId.€óóð ðEssential€to€proper€application€of€this€factor€is€theÐ \¬ Ðdetermination€of€the€defendantððs€motive€for€committing€the€offense.ðð€€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔArnettÔ_Ôóó,€49€S.W.3dÐ H˜ Ð250,€261€òòóó(Tenn.€€2001).€€ð ðAccordingly,€proper€application€of€factor€[(8)]€requires€the€State€to€provideÐ 4„ Ðadditional€objective€evidence€of€the€defendantððs€motivation€to€seek€pleasure€or€excitement€throughÐ  p Ðsexual€assault.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€262;€òòsee€State€v.€Ô_ÔSprattÔ_Ôóó,€31€S.W.3d€587,òòóó€608€€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€€2000)€(ð ðInÐ  \ Ðthis€case,€the€State€failed€to€introduce€any€evidence€from€which€it€can€be€inferred€that€the€aggravatedÐ øH Ðrape€was€committed€to€gratify€Defendantððs€desire€for€sexual€pleasure€or€excitement,€rather€than€anyÐ ä4 Ðnumber€of€other€reasons€such€as€a€desire€to€intimidate,€coerce,€or€simply€abuse€the€victim.ðð).€€€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€find€nothing€in€the€record€to€support€a€finding€that€the€rape€of€the€victim€was€theÐ ¨ø Ðresult€of€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€Therefore,€we€must€conclude€that€theÐ ”ä Ðstate€failed€to€carry€its€burden€of€establishing€a€basis€for€applying€factor€(8),€and€we€hold€that€it€doesÐ €Ð Ðnot€apply.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€hold,€however,€that€factor€(16)€applies.€€In€applying€factor€(16),€the€judge€referredÐ D!” Ðto€the€victimððs€having€the€mind€of€a€two„year„old€and€being€the€defendantððs€son.€€€The€defendant,Ð 0"€  Ðas€the€victimððs€natural€father,€was€aware€that,€in€taking€the€severely€mentally€retarded€victim€awayÐ #l! Ðfrom€home,€he€was€responsible€for€the€victimððs€care€and€safekeeping.€€In€such€circumstances,€a€rapeÐ $X" Ðof€his€charge€òòóóis€clearly€an€abuse€of€the€defendantððs€position€of€trust.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔLeggsÔ_Ôóó,€955€S.W.2d€845,Ð ô$D # Ð848€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1997),€òòoverruled€on€other€grounds€by€State€v.€Hooperóó,€29€S.W.3d€1€(Tenn.Ð à%0!$ Ð2000).Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àà ` àThe€trial€court€declined€to€apply€as€a€mitigating€factor€that€the€defendantððs€conductÐ ¤(ô#' Ðð ðneither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1)€(2003).€Ð )à$( ÐòòóóThe€judge€said,€ð ðThereððs€no€way€to€measure€[emotional€injury]€in€this€case€with€this€boy€who€suffersÐ |*Ì%) Ðseizures€and€has€the€mind€of€a€two„year„old.€€But€.€.€.€it€would€be€wrong€for€this€Court€to€find€thatÐ h+¸&* Ðhe€was€caused€no€or€threatened€no€serious€bodily€injury€from€this€rape.ðð€€€This€court€has€construedÐ ° Ðthe€phrase€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€contained€within€section€40„35„113(1)€to€include€psychologicalÐ œì Ðinjury.€òò€Seeóó€òòState€v.€Michael€Anthony€Maddoxóó,€òòóóNo.€M2000-00193-CCA-R3-CD,€slip€op.€at€3€(Tenn.Ð ˆØ ÐÔ_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.,€Jackson,€Sept.€22,€2000);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€910€S.W.2d€457,€461€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1995)òò.€Ð tÄ ÐóóThe€facts€of€the€present€case€supply€a€basis€for€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€defendantððs€conductÐ `° Ðas€found€by€the€jury€threatened€serious€bodily€injury€to€the€mentally€retarded€victim.€€òòSee€State€v.Ð L œ ÐÔ_ÔMcKnightÔ_Ôóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€55€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1994)€(rejecting€mitigating€factor€(1)€whenÐ 8 ˆ Ðdefendantððs€crimes€involved€sexual€abuse€of€minors).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€rejectingÐ $ t Ðmitigating€factor€(1).Ð  ` ÐÌà  àà ` àWe€believe€that€the€trial€court€properly€attached€significant€weight€to€enhancementÐ è 8  Ðfactor€(16),€and€in€our€view,€that€factor€justifies€the€two„year€enhancement€to€the€mid„range€sentenceÐ Ô$  Ðof€ten€years,€despite€the€application€as€a€mitigating€factor€that€the€defendant€had€sustained€no€priorÐ À  Ðconvictions.€€Were€it€not€for€the€impact€of€òòÔ_ÔBlakelyÔ_Ô€v.€Washingtonóó,€542€U.S.€___,€124€S.€Ct.€2531Ð ¬ü  Ð(2004),€we€would€find€no€reversible€flaw€in€the€courtððs€sentence.€Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àà ` àPursuant€to€òòÔ_ÔBlakelyÔ_Ôóó,€the€trial€judgeððs€finding€of€an€abuse€of€a€public€or€private€trustÐ pÀ Ðas€a€means€of€enhancing€the€sentence€violates€the€defendantððs€right€to€trial€by€a€jury,€in€the€absenceÐ \¬ Ðof€a€waiver€of€jury€trial€or€the€defendantððs€admission€of€the€fact€relied€upon.€€òòId.óó€at€___,€124€S.€Ct.Ð H˜ Ðat€2537.€€òòÔ_ÔBlakelyÔ_Ôóó€appears€to€apply€to€the€case€at€bar,€òòsee€Ô_ÔSchriroÔ_Ô€v.€Ô_ÔSummerlinÔ_Ôóó,€542€U.S.€___,€124€S.Ð 4„ ÐCt.€2519€(2004),€and€eliminates€the€use€of€the€one€enhancement€factor€that€we€have€found€to€beÐ  p Ðapplicable€pursuant€to€state€law.€€Thus,€were€there€a€conviction€to€result€in€sentencing,€we€would€beÐ  \ Ðconstrained€to€modify€the€sentence€to€eight€years.€€Because€the€trial€court€did€not€consider€probationÐ øH Ð(on€the€ground€that,€with€a€ten„year€sentence,€the€defendant€was€ineligible€for€probation),€we€wouldÐ ä4 Ðhave€remanded€the€cause€for€the€trial€courtððs€consideration€of€probation.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð Ð  Ð35„303(b)€(2003)€(trial€court€required€to€ð ðautomaticallyðð€consider€probation€when€defendant€isÐ ¼  Ðsentenced€to€eight€years€or€less).Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àà ` àIn€conclusion,€we€reverse€the€defendantððs€conviction€of€rape€and€dismiss€theÐ €Ð Ðindictment.€€Had€the€conviction€been€affirmed,€we€would€have€modified€the€sentence€to€eight€yearsÐ l¼ Ðand€remanded€for€consideration€of€probation€or€other€alternative€sentencing€options.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  à€òòÐ 0"€  ÐóóÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð à%0!$ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJAMES€Ô_ÔCURWOODÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWITTÔ_Ô,€JR.,€JUDGE