ÿWPCÏ& …# VU:a %› 0 (¡w@É4  , <4 0 ”p 0D U.H v 0J~ 0TÈ 0^ 0hz 0râ 0|T 0†Ð 0V 1uæ 0d[B)¿DCè AM+ÍxsE„¸|< B¸ŽÕU>c¡Z0 0@ŠnÊ D38nkv~ÙvÓW AO*%Æy% 0D?& D/ƒ& B²&˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLlÎ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ Ÿ D¡U¢U£U¤U¥D¦U§Ó€±Ô¡¨ *3|x³c:\wpwin60\template\draft.wpt(D(2´¤$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó%ä2¼A`ArialTT2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ% Line 7 d$$$$7Border 1dd€0%Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÃÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌDecember€1,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó iÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(5)€states,€ð ðThe€defendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€be€treated€withÏexceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5).Ì zÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(6)€states,€ð ðThe€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€of€damageÏto€property€sustained€by€or€taken€from€the€victim€was€particularly€great.ðð€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€€ðð€40„35„114(6).Ì rÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(8)€states,€ð ðThe€defendant€has€a€€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toÏcomply€with€the€conditions€of€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community.ðð€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€40„35„114(8).Ì d „Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€attempts€to€argue€that€the€judge€did€not€give€this€factor€muchÏweight€based€upon€what€the€trial€judge€thought€was€a€meager€record€of€theÏdefendantððs€prior€criminal€convictions.€The€criminal€history€really€refers€to€factor€(1).ÏThat€issue€is€separate€and€apart€from€the€evidence€that€the€defendant€violated€hisÏprobation.€The€trial€court€said,€ð ðHe€did€have€a€previous€history€from€juvenile€court€ofÏnot€complying€with€the€rules€of€society.ðð€Ì< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman …Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(9)€states,€ð ðThe€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,€explosiveÏdevice€or€other€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.ðð€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€€ðð€40„35„114(9).Ô€-ÔÌ PÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(10)€states,€ð ðThe€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crimeÏwhen€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€Tenn€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(10).€Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò dÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(16)€states,€ð ðThe€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€underÏwhich€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114(16).Ì++++'ÿÿdxd dÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝFactor€(1)€states,€ð ðThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictionsÏor€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range.ððÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€0‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑßR€&'%A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àNo.€01„C„01„9608„CC„00346Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àAPPELLEE,à àà à)à àGiles€CountyÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌv.à àà àà àà àà à)à àJames€L.€Weatherford,€Judgeà àÌà àà àà àà àà à)ÌRYAN€MORAN,à àà àà à)à à(Attempted€First€Degree€Murder,€Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Especially€Aggravated€Kidnapping,Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à€Especially€Aggravated€Robbery,Ìà àà àAPPELLANT.à à)à à€and€Assault)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌBobby€W.€Sandsà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€Walkup€ÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌP.€O.€Box€1660€€€€€€€€€à àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌColumbia,€TN€€38402„1660à àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0497ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àGeorgia€Blythe€FelnerÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àT.€Michael€BottomsÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€459Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àLawrenceburg,€TN€€38464„0459Ìà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àRichard€H.€DunavantÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€304Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àPulaski,€TN€€38478„0304ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€_____________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÓ  Óò òÑ7€ú³XXdæXXdæ7ÑÓÓÔ€ îÔOPINIONÔ€ ¼Ô€Ô€ XÔó óÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  Óà àThe€appellant,€Ryan€Moran€(defendant),€was€convicted€of€attempted€first€degreeÏmurder,€a€Class€A€felony,€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€a€Class€A€felony,Ïespecially€aggravated€robbery,€a€Class€A€felony,€and€assault,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.ÏThe€defendant€entered€a€no€contest€plea€to€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€guiltyÏpleas€to€the€remaining€charges.€€The€trial€court€found€the€defendant€was€a€standardÏoffender€and€sentenced€the€defendant€to€the€following€Range€I€sentences:€forÏattempted€first€degree€murder,€twenty„five€(25)€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction,Ïfor€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€twenty„five€(25)€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection,€for€especially€aggravated€robbery,€twenty„five€(25)€years€in€the€DepartmentÏof€Correction,€and€for€assault,€eleven€(11)€months€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days.€€The€trialÏcourt€ordered€that€the€sentences€for€attempted€first€degree€murder,€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery€should€be€servedÏconsecutively.€The€sentence€for€assault€is€to€be€served€concurrently€with€the€otherÍsentences.€The€effective€sentence€is€confinement€for€seventy„five€(75)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.Ìà àThe€defendant€presents€one€issue€for€review.€€He€contends€the€sentencesÏimposed€by€the€trial€court€were€excessive€because€the€trial€court€erred€(a)€in€applyingÏthe€enhancement€factors€which€were€used€to€increase€the€sentences€within€the€range,Ï(b)€in€applying€the€mitigating€factor,€and€(c)€in€ordering€the€twenty„five€year€sentencesÏbe€served€consecutively€for€an€effective€sentence€of€seventy„five€years.€€After€aÏthorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefs€submitted€by€the€parties,€and€the€lawÏgoverning€the€issue€presented€for€review,€this€court€is€of€the€opinion€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence.€However,€aÏrecitation€of€the€salient€facts€is€necessary€for€an€understanding€of€the€issue€presentedÏfor€review.€Ìà àThe€victim,€Jimmy€R.€Taylor,€took€his€new€Jeep€Grand€Cherokee€to€a€carwash€inÏGiles€County€around€lunchtime€on€April€5,€1995.€€Taylor,€an€electrical€supplyÏsalesman,€was€in€between€appointments.€€After€washing€his€vehicle€and€returning€toÏhis€car,€the€defendant€approached€the€victim,€cocked€a€sawed„off€shotgun,€and€placedÏit€€to€the€victimððs€throat.€€The€defendant€told€the€victim€ð ðif€[he]€moved€[the€defendantÏwould]€blow€[his]€m„„„„„€f„„„„ðð€head€off.ðð€€The€defendant€told€the€victim,€who€was€seatedÏin€the€driverððs€seat,€to€move€over€to€the€passenger€seat.€€Ì€€à àThe€defendant€then€drove€the€Jeep€from€the€carwash€and€headed€toÏLawrenceburg€on€Highway€64.€€The€defendant€held€the€gun€at€the€victimððs€side€theÏentire€time.€€The€victim€was€instructed€not€to€look€scared€and€to€look€straight€ahead.ÍThe€victim€said€if€he€even€glanced€toward€the€defendant,€the€defendant€would€pokeÏhim€with€the€gun.Ìà àDuring€the€ride€the€defendant€asked€the€victim€for€his€money.€Taylor€gave€theÏdefendant€six€dollars.€€When€they€approached€Chicken€Creek€Road,€the€defendantÏtold€the€victim€he€was€going€to€release€him.€The€defendant€stopped€the€vehicle,€andÏthe€victim€reached€for€the€door€handle€to€exit€the€vehicle.€€The€defendant€said,€ð ðI€didnððtÏsay€now.€€Iððll€tell€you€when€Iððm€going€to€let€you€go.ðð€€€The€defendant€then€poked€himÏwith€the€gun€in€the€ribs€four€times.€€The€defendant€turned€the€vehicle€around,€crossedÏan€overpass,€then€stopped,€backed€up,€and€drove€off€the€road.€€He€stopped€at€an€areaÏcalled€Richland€Creek,€which€is€below€the€overpass.€Ìà àThe€victim€thanked€the€defendant€for€letting€him€go€and,€as€he€turned€to€exit€theÏvehicle,€the€defendant€put€the€gun€to€the€victimððs€head€and€fired.€€The€victim€said€heÏremembered€a€loud€ringing€in€his€head,€falling€to€the€ground€face€down,€and€losingÏconsciousness.€€The€defendant€eventually€ð ðtotaledðð€the€victimððs€vehicle.Ìà àWhen€the€victim€regained€consciousness,€he€discovered€he€could€not€move€andÏthe€ringing€persisted.€€Finally€he€was€able€to€roll€over.€ð ðI€rolled€over€enough€to€„„€in€frontÏof€me€I€seen€a€pile€of€blood,€tissue€and€hair.€It€was€right€beside€of€my€head€so€I€figuredÏat€that€point€the€back€of€my€head€was€kind€of€laying€beside€me.ðð€€He€tried€to€scream€forÏhelp€but€realized€the€motorists€on€the€overpass€could€not€hear€him.€€He€placed€hisÏwallet€in€his€shirt€pocket€so€he€could€be€identified€if€he€lost€consciousness€again.Ìà àThe€victim€saw€houses,€but€they€were€too€far€away.€€He€decided€to€crawl€to€theÏroadway€above€him.€€He€crawled€on€his€stomach.€€He€did€not€know€how€far€it€was€orÏhow€long€it€took,€but€said€ð ðit€was€a€long€ways€that€day.ðð€€He€stumbled€onto€the€road.€ÍTwo€cars€stopped.€€One€of€the€motorists€called€for€an€ambulance€while€one€sat€andÏprayed€with€the€victim.€€A€third€person€wrapped€the€victim€in€a€sheet€until€help€arrived.€Ìà àThe€victimððs€treating€doctor€noted€that€the€victim€was€shot€in€a€remote€area€andÏwas€fortunate€to€get€himself€to€the€road,€stating€ð ð[o]therwise,€I€do€not€think€he€wouldÏhave€survived€this€event.ðð€à àà àÓ  Óò òI.ó óÌÌÓ  Óà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length€and€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€itÏis€the€duty€of€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€on€the€record€with€a€presumptionÏthat€"the€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct."€ÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÏcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontroverted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.€Bonestelóó,€871€S.W.2d€163,€166€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1993).€€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weight€to€the€trialÏcourt's€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€court's€determination€of€theseÏfacts€is€predicated€upon€the€witnesses'€demeanor€and€appearance€when€testifying.Ìà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)€anyÏevidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,Ï(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÍalternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€orÏenhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)Ïthe€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),Ïòòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àThe€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€has€the€burdenÏof€establishing€that€the€sentences€are€erroneous.€€Sentencing€Commission€CommentsÏto€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169;€€òòButleróó,€900€S.W.2d€atÏ311.€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€illustrating€the€sentences€imposedÏby€the€trial€court€are€erroneous.ÌÓ  Óò òII.Ìó óÌÓ  Óà àThe€defendant€challenges€the€enhancement€factors€used€by€the€trial€court€toÏenhance€his€sentence€within€the€applicable€range.€€The€trial€court€found€the€followingÏenhancement€factors€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„114:ÌÓÓà8 àÌÓ` °„XÒÀ–XÓà8 àà8 à(5)à àThe€defendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€be€treatedÏwith€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€theÏoffense;€Ìà8 àà8 à(6)à àThe€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€or€the€amount€ofÏdamage€to€property€sustained€by€or€taken€from€the€victimÏwas€particularly€great;Ìà8 àà8 à(8)à àThe€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingnessÏto€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involvingÏrelease€in€the€community;€Ìà8 àà8 à(9)à àThe€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,Ïexplosive€device€or€other€deadly€weapon€during€theÏcommission€of€the€offense;€Ìà8 àà8 à(10)à àThe€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€aÏcrime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high;Ìà8 àà8 à(16)à àThe€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€underÏwhich€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.ÌÓÓÌà àAs€for€enhancement€factor€(1)€regarding€criminal€convictions€and€criminalÏbehavior,€the€trial€court€said€it€was€not€going€to€take€the€defendantððs€juvenile€recordÏinto€consideration.€Ìà àThe€trial€court€said€the€above€factors€were€used€to€determine€the€length€of€theÏsentences,€but€the€court€failed€to€specify€which€enhancement€factors€applied€to€whichÏoffenses.€€Thus,€the€statutory€presumption€of€correctness€afforded€by€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ïðð€40„35„401(d)€does€not€apply.€€This€court€will€address€each€enhancement€factorÏwithout€a€presumption€of€correctness.€ÌÌÓ  Óò òA.ÌÓ  Óó óÌà àThe€trial€court€properly€used€factor€(5)× ƒ( ××  ×€€to€enhance€the€defendantððs€sentence€forÏattempted€first€degree€murder€within€the€range.€This€factor€is€not€an€element€of€attemptÏto€commit€murder€in€the€first€degree.€òòState€v.€Cedric€E.€Stampleyóó,€Shelby€County€No.Ï02„C„01„9409„CR„00208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€August€16,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€€January€27,€1997).€€The€phrase€ð ðextreme€crueltyðð€is€defined€as€ð ðcrueltyÏabove€that€needed€to€effectuate€the€crime.ðð€€òòState€v.€Lester€Bennettóó,€Sevier€County€No.Ï03„C„01„9403„CR„00104€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€December€8,€1994).Ìà àIn€this€case€the€defendant€held€the€sawed„off€shotgun€against€the€victimððs€ribÏcage€the€entire€time€the€two€men€were€in€the€vehicle.€€The€victim€testified€he€realized€atÏthe€time,€if€the€defendant€fired€the€gun€near€the€rib€cage,€he€would€likely€die€becauseÏof€the€gunððs€proximity€to€his€major€organs.€€ð ðAt€that€point€.€.€.€I€tried€to€do€everything€heÏsaid.ðð€The€defendant€eventually€pulled€off€the€road€near€an€overpass€in€a€remote€areaÏand€told€the€victim,€ð ðConsider€yourself€lucky.€€Iððm€going€to€let€you€go.ðð€€The€victim,Ïrelieved,€responded€to€the€defendant,€ð ðThank€you.€You€donððt€know€how€much€IÏappreciate€it.ðð€The€victim€opened€the€passenger€door,€placed€one€foot€out€and€wasÏmoving€his€other€leg€to€step€out€when€the€defendant€placed€the€gun€at€the€center€of€theÏback€of€his€head€and€fired.Ìà àTaylor€fell€to€the€ground€and€lost€consciousness.€€When€he€regainedÏconsciousness,€he€could€not€move.€When€he€was€finally€able€to€roll€over,€he€sawÏblood,€tissue,€and€hair€next€to€his€head.€€The€defendant€left€Taylor€in€the€remote€areaÏshot€and€bleeding.€€He€did€not€seek€medical€assistance€for€the€victim.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏStanley€Dewayne€Myersóó,€Blount€County€No.€03„C„01„9409„CR„00344€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.,€Knoxville,€April€13,€1995)€(upholding€use€of€factor€(5)€in€second€degree€murderÏwhen€defendant€left€victim€shot€at€the€situs€of€shooting€and€failed€to€get€help.)€€TaylorÏtried€to€scream€for€help€but€realized€the€motorists€on€the€overpass€could€not€hear€him.ÏHe€crawled€to€the€overpass€to€get€help.€€His€treating€doctor€said€had€Taylor€notÏcrawled€for€help€he€would€not€have€survived€the€shooting.Ìà àWe€conclude€the€actions€of€the€defendant€constitute€exceptional€cruelty.€Ìà àAs€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€that€offense€occurs€when€the€victimÏsuffers€serious€bodily€injury€during€the€course€of€the€kidnapping.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ððÍ39„13„305(4).€€Exceptional€cruelty€is€not€inherent€in€the€offense.€€òòState€v.€Antonio€M.ÏByrdóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9508„CR„00232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,ÏDecember€30,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€September€22,€€1997).€€€In€this€case,€theÏdefendant€told€the€victim€he€would€be€set€free.€Obviously€this€would€have€given€theÏvictim€a€great€sense€of€relief€until€he€felt€the€gun€at€the€back€of€his€head.€€TheÏdefendant€shot€the€victim€and€left€him€for€dead€in€a€remote€area€after€the€victim€didÏeverything€the€defendant€asked.€The€trial€court€properly€used€factor€(5)€to€enhance€theÏsentence€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping.Ìà àEspecially€aggravated€robbery€occurs€when€the€robbery€is€accomplished€with€aÏdeadly€weapon€and€the€victim€receives€serious€bodily€injury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€39„13„403.€Exceptional€cruelty€is€not€necessarily€inherent€in€the€offense.€òòState€v.€Kernóó,Ï909€S.W.2d€5,€7€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994);€€òòState€v.ÏAntonio€M.€Byrdóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9508„CR„00232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏJackson,€December€30,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€September€22,€1997).€€TheÏfacts€related€above€support€the€application€of€factor€(5)€to€the€crime€of€especiallyÏaggravated€robbery.€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓò òB.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓó óÌà àThe€trial€court€properly€applied€factor€(6)× ƒ) ××  ×€when€enhancing€the€defendantððsÍsentence€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€This€is€not€an€element€of€attempt€to€commitÏmurder€in€the€first€degree.€An€accused€can€commit€the€offense€of€attempted€murderÏwithout€inflicting€injury€to€the€victim.€Ìà àThe€victim€testified€that€he€still€has€pellet€from€the€shotgun€in€his€head.€TheÏpellets€continue€to€put€pressure€on€his€spinal€cord€and€his€eardrum€which€causes€hisÏears€to€ring.€Several€of€his€vertebras€were€destroyed€and€he€will€have€to€undergo€anÏoperation€to€place€a€steel€plate€in€his€neck.€He€can€no€longer€turn€his€head.€HeÏexperiences€daily€pain€in€his€head€and€shoulders.€€The€use€of€his€right€arm€is€limited.ÏFor€a€while,€he€had€lost€feeling€in€both€arms€below€the€elbows.€€Eventually€he€willÏneed€cosmetic€surgery€at€the€back€of€his€neck.€€He€testified€it€hurts€to€do€simple€things,Ïsuch€as€shave€and€comb€his€hair.€€As€a€result€of€the€shooting€and€the€ensuing€injury,Ïthe€victim€missed€four€months€of€work.€Ìà àHe€told€jurors,€ð ðI€do€not€get€in€an€automobile€unless€the€door€is€locked.€AnyoneÏstarts€towards€me€while€Iððm€in€an€automobile€then€I€will€tense€up€and€it€terrifies€me.ððÌà àThe€application€of€factor€(6)€was€appropriate.€òòState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€903Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Cedric€E.€Stampleyóó,ÏShelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9409„CR„00208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€August€16,Ï1996).Ìà àThis€court€notes€that€enhancement€factors€cannot€be€elements€of€the€offenseÏcharged.€Thus€the€portion€of€factor€(6)€referring€to€ð ðparticularly€greatðð€ð ðpersonalÏinjuriesðð€is€inapplicable€to€a€charge€where€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€is€an€element€of€theÏoffense.€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€602€(Tenn.€1994)€(the€facts€used€to€proveÏð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€are€the€same€as€those€necessary€to€prove€ð ðparticularly€greatÍinjuryðð).€€In€the€present€case,€ð ðserious€bodily€injuryðð€was€alleged€as€an€element€ofÏespecially€aggravated€kidnapping.€€Therefore,€application€of€factor€(6)€as€to€injury€wasÏnot€appropriate€for€the€aggravated€kidnapping€charge.€€òòState€v.€Bobby€Ed€Begleyóó,ÏDavidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9411„CR„00381€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€€JanuaryÏ11,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€€July€1,€1996).Ìà à€The€indictment€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€did€not€include€as€anÏelement€of€the€offense€that€€ð ðthe€amount€of€damage€to€property€sustained€by€or€takenÏfrom€the€victim€was€particularly€great.ðð€During€the€kidnapping,€the€defendant€obtainedÏthe€victimððs€1995€Jeep€Grand€Cherokee€and€later€ð ðtotaledðð€the€vehicle€which€was€onlyÏa€week€old.€The€value€of€the€vehicle€was€placed€at€$38,000.€For€this€reason,Ïapplication€of€factor€(6)€is€appropriate€to€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€charge.€€€€Ìà àSince€the€indictment€for€especially€aggravated€robbery€included€reference€toÏserious€bodily€injury€and€to€the€theft€of€the€1995€Jeep€Grand€Cherokee,€application€ofÏfactor€(6)€is€not€appropriate€here.€òòState€v.€Antonio€M.€Byrdóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9508„CR„00232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€December€30,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÏ(Tenn.€September€22,€1997);€òòState€v.€Bobby€Ed€Begleyóó,€Davidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9411„CR„00381€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€€January€11,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÏ(Tenn.€July€1,€1996).€€ò òÓ  ÓÇC.Ì€ÌÓ  Óó óà àThe€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(8)× ƒ* ××  ×€to€all€three€charges.€ÏThe€defendant€argues€this€was€error.× ƒ, ××  ×€€Ìà à€The€defendantððs€juvenile€records€entered€into€evidence€indicate€that€on€JuneÏ16,€1993,€he€was€placed€under€court„supervised€probation€with€Youth€Services€inÏGiles€County€because€of€charges€of€aggravated€assault,€carrying€a€dangerousÏweapon,€and€stalking.€€On€October€20,€1993,€while€still€on€probation,€he€was€foundÏdelinquent€because€of€truancy€from€Giles€County€Alternative€School€and€placed€onÏsupervised€probation€with€the€Department€of€Youth€Development€(DYD).€€On€JanuaryÏ20,€1994,€he€was€found€by€Judge€Robert€E.€Lee€to€have€violated€the€DYD€probationÏafter€being€suspended€from€the€alternative€school.€€On€February€2,€1994,€Judge€LeeÏfound€the€defendant€guilty€of€truancy€and€violation€of€probation.€The€defendant€wasÏcommitted€to€the€custody€of€DYD.€Ìà àJudge€Lee€testified€at€sentencing€that€the€defendant€did€not€ð ðwant€to€abide€byÏthe€rules€I€laid€down€for€him,€but€he€was€just€most€defiant€in€any€effort€that€we€made€inÏhis€behalf.ðð€The€judge€said€the€defendant€always€had€trouble€following€the€rules€andÍwould€intentionally€deviate.Ìà àAs€a€juvenile,€the€defendant€was€placed€on€probation€first€with€Giles€CountyÏœyouth›€œservices›€and€later€with€the€Department€of€Youth€Development.€€The€testimonyÏand€records€introduced€at€the€sentencing€hearing€establish€the€defendant€wasÏunwilling€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€his€probation.€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Croweóó,€914ÏS.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.ÏGregory€L.€Turneróó,€Davidson€County€No.€01„C„01„9402„CR„00068€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏNashville,€November€15,€1995);€òòState€v.€William€B.€Belseróó,€Knox€County€No.€03„C„01„9502„CR„00056€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€€September€18,€1996)€(all€three€casesÏconsidering€juvenile€probation€as€support€for€enhancement€factor€(8)).Ìà àThe€application€of€this€factor€to€all€three€charges€was€appropriate.Ì€€€€€€ò òÓ  ÓD.ó óà àÌÓ  ÓÌà àAs€for€factor€(9)× ƒ. ××  ×,€the€state€concedes€that€this€factor€is€an€element€of€the€offenseÏas€to€especially€aggravated€robbery€only.€€This€court€agrees€the€factor€was€misappliedÏas€to€that€charge.€Ìà àThe€trial€court€properly€applied€factor€(9)€when€enhancing€the€defendant'sÏsentence€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€The€use€of€a€firearm€or€dangerous€weaponÏis€not€an€element€of€attempt€to€commit€murder€in€the€first€degree.€This€Court€has€heldÏthat€this€factor€may€be€applied€when€the€accused€is€convicted€of€attempt€to€commitÍmurder.€€òòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€366,€373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1994)€(attempt€to€commit€first€degree€murder€and€second€degree€murder);€òòseeóóÏòòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€312„13€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(second€degreeÏmurder);€òòState€v.€Rainesóó,€882€S.W.2d€376,€385€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1994)€(second€degree€murder);€€òòState€v.€Cedric€E.€Stampleyóó,€Shelby€CountyÏNo.€02„C„01„9409„CR„00208€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€August€16,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.,€January€27,€1997)€(attempted€first€degree€murder).Ìà àThe€trial€court€also€properly€applied€factor€(9)€to€the€offense€of€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping.€€In€this€case,€the€indictment€charging€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€alleged€€that€the€defendant€committed€especially€aggravated€kidnappingÏby€causing€the€victim€to€suffer€ð ðserious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€39„13„305Ï(a)(4).€The€indictment€does€not€include€the€element€that€the€kidnapping€wasÏaccomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€39„13„305(a)(1).€Therefore,Ïuse€of€enhancement€factor€(9)€was€not€error€for€the€charge€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping.Ìà à€ÌÓ  Óò òE.ÌÓ  Óó óÌà àThe€court€erred€in€applying€factor€(10)× ƒ/ ××  ×€to€attempted€first€degree€murder€andÏespecially€aggravated€robbery.€This€court€has€said€that€risk€to€human€life€is€alwaysÏgreat€when€a€suspect€commits€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€òòState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2dÍ894,€903€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996).ò òÌà àó óRegarding€especially€aggravated€robbery,€this€court€also€said,€ð ðthere€isÏnecessarily€a€high€risk€to€human€life€.€.€.€whenever€a€deadly€weapon€is€used.ðð€€òòNixóó,€922ÏS.W.2d€at€903.€Use€of€a€deadly€weapon€is€an€element€of€especially€aggravatedÏrobbery.€ò òÌà àó óAs€for€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€the€court€did€not€err€in€applying€factorÏ(10).€€This€court€upheld€application€of€this€factor€to€the€charge€of€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€in€òòState€v.€Antonio€M.€Byrdóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9508„CR„00232Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€December€30,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€SeptemberÏ22,€1997).ÌÌÓ  Óò òF.ÌÓ  Óó óÌà àThe€court€erred€in€applying€factor€(16)× ƒ1 ××  ×€to€attempted€first€degree€murder€andÏespecially€aggravated€robbery.€€This€court€has€said€that€the€great€potential€for€bodilyÏinjury€always€exists€when€a€suspect€commits€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€òòState€v,ÏNixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€903€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1996).€€€Ìà àAs€for€especially€aggravated€robbery,€this€court€also€said,€ð ðthere€is€necessarily€.Ï.€.€a€great€potential€for€bodily€injury€whenever€a€deadly€weapon€is€used.ðð€€òòNixóó,€922ÏS.W.2d€at€903.€Ìà àRegarding€especially€aggravated€kidnapping,€this€court€has€upheld€the€use€ofÏfactor€(16)€for€that€charge.€€òòState€v.€Antonio€M.€Byrdóó,€Shelby€County€No.€02„C„01„9508„CR„00232€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€December€30,€1996),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.ÏSeptember€22,€1997).ÌÓ  ÓÑ „ ÑÑ „ Ñò òG.€ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€should€have€applied€factor€(1)× ƒ3 ××  ×€to€enhance€the€sentences€for€allÏthree€charges.€Ìà àThe€defendant€was€arrested€in€August€1992€for€aggravated€assault€and€carryingÏa€weapon€with€intent€to€go€armed.€€He€was€arrested€in€May€1993€for€stalking.€InÏOctober€1993,€he€was€found€truant€from€the€Giles€County€Alternative€School.€€He€wasÏplaced€on€probation€to€be€supervised€by€the€Department€of€Youth€Development.€€InÏJanuary€1994€he€was€suspended€from€the€alternative€school€and€was€found€to€haveÏviolated€his€probation.€€à à€When€he€was€sentenced€in€this€case,€the€defendant€alsoÏhad€pending€charges€for€aggravated€assault€and€felony€escape.€Ìà àThe€defendant€stated€in€the€presentence€report€that€he€uses€marijuana€whenÏnot€incarcerated.€€The€possession€of€marijuana€is€illegal.€€He€also€admits€to€drinkingÏalcohol€ð ðsocially.ðð€€At€the€time€of€sentencing€he€was€19€years€old;€his€consumption€ofÏalcohol€was€illegal.€€Ìà àThe€defendantððs€employment€history€is€sporadic.€One€employer€stated€in€theÏpresentence€report€the€defendant€was€fired€from€his€job€because€he€was€suspected€ofÏstealing€from€other€employees.€He€had€also€tested€positive€for€drugs€while€working.€Ìà àThis€is€certainly€evidence€of€criminal€behavior€warranting€the€use€of€factor€(1).ÌÓ ` °„XÒV•X Óà àThus,€this€court€determines€the€following€enhancing€factors€are€applicable:ÌÓ/%` °„XI*‚î^ ‚X’"€%ŽX/ÓÓÓòòEnhancementà àóóà à€òòAttemptedóóà àòòà àóó€òòEspeciallyà àà àà àóó€òòEspeciallyÌóó€€€€òòFactorà àà àà àFirst€Degreeà àà àAggravatedà àà àAggravatedóóÌÓ&` °„XßÀÈ“X&Óà àà àà à€à àòòMurderà àà àóó€€€òòKidnappingà àà àRobberyÌÌÓ8.` °‚X× ‚9Vp‚ xÐ G" $Ø'X8Óóóà à(1)à àà à€€€€à àyesà àà àà àà àyesà àà àà àà àyesÌÌà à(5)à àà àà àyesà àà à€€€€à àà àyesà àà àà àà àyesÌà àÌà à(6)à àà àà àyesà àà à€€€€à àà àyesà àà àà àà ànoÌÌà à(8)à àà àà àyesà àà à€€€€à àà àyesà àà àà àà àyesÌÌà à(9)à àà àà àyesà àà à€€€€à àà àyesà àà àà àà ànoÌÌà à(10)à àà àà ànoà àà àà à€€€€à àyesà àà àà àà ànoÌÌà à(16)à àà àà ànoà àà àà à€€à àyesà àà àà àà ànoÌÓÓÌÓ  ÓÑ ° ÑÑ ° Ñò òœÌÌIII.›ÌÓ  ÓÌÓ/%` °„XIÀ‚X} ‚XG"€%ŽX/Óà àó óThe€defendant€argues€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€his€youth€and€lack€ofÏsubstantial€judgment€as€a€mitigating€factor.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€€ðð€40„35„113(6).€€The€trialÏjudge€never€directly€stated€in€the€record€that€he€found€no€mitigating€factors.€€He€didÏdiscuss€that€the€evidence€showed€the€defendant€was€of€above€average€intelligenceÏand€that€he€could€have€pursued€any€profession€he€wanted.€This€evidence€wouldÏnegate€the€implementation€of€factor€(6).€€Ìà àThere€were€no€mitigating€factors.€This€issue€is€without€merit.̛̜ÌÓ  Óò òIV.ÌÓ  Óó óà àÌà àAs€a€Standard€Range€I€offender,€the€range€for€Class€A€felonies€is€fifteen€(15)€toÏtwenty„five€(25)€years.€€In€the€defendantððs€case€there€were€no€mitigating€factors,€butÏthere€were€several€enhancement€€factors€for€each€charge.€€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€€ðð€40„35„210€states€in€a€situation€with€no€mitigating€factors€and€someÏenhancement€factors,€the€sentencing€judge€may€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimumÏin€the€range€but€must€set€the€sentence€within€the€range.€The€trial€court€sentenced€theÏdefendant€to€twenty„five€(25)€years€on€each€count,€which€was€the€maximum€within€theÏrange.€Given€the€presence€and€weight€of€the€enhancement€factors,€this€was€not€error.Ìà àThe€issue€is€without€merit.à à̛̜ÌÓ  Óò òV.ÌA.€ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€ordered€the€sentences€for€attempted€first€degree€murder,Ïespecially€aggravated€kidnapping,€and€especially€aggravated€robbery€are€to€beÏserved€consecutively.€The€sentence€for€assault€will€run€concurrently€with€the€otherÏsentences.€The€effective€sentence€is€confinement€for€seventy„five€(75)€years€in€theÏDepartment€of€Correction.€Ìà àThe€defendant€argues€this€was€error€because€the€trial€court€did€not€make€theÏexpress€finding€that€such€a€term€is€necessary€for€the€protection€of€the€public€from€theÏdefendantððs€further€criminal€acts.€€Based€upon€the€courtððs€statements,€the€court€onlyÏfound€one€of€four€factors€required€to€support€consecutive€sentencing.€€The€œdefendant›Ïmaintains€the€court€must€find€(a)€the€defendantððs€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regardÏfor€human€life€and€he€did€not€hesitate€to€commit€a€crime€when€risk€to€human€life€isÏhigh;€(b)€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€offense€are€aggravated;€(c)€extendedÏconfinement€is€necessary€to€protect€society€from€the€defendantððs€unwillingness€to€ð ðleadÏa€productive€life€and€[his]€resort€to€criminal€activity€in€furtherance€of€[his]€anti„socialÏlifestyle;ðð€and€(d)€the€aggregate€length€of€the€consecutive€sentences€reasonablyÏrelates€to€the€offenses€of€which€the€defendant€stands€convicted.€Ìà àThe€defendant€maintains€the€record€fails€to€show€any€aggravated€circumstancesÏwhich€are€not€otherwise€inherent€in€the€criminal€acts€committed.€Also,€the€record€failsÏto€show€that€confinement€is€necessary€for€the€protection€of€society€from€the€defendantððs€Ïunwillingness€to€lead€a€productive€life.€€The€defendant€is€young€and€lacks€a€criminalÏrecord;€protection€of€society€is€not€needed.€€Further,€the€defendant€argues€he€canÏrehabilitate€himself.€à à€ÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  ÓÌà àThe€trial€court€stated€at€sentencing:ÌÓÓà8 àà8 àIf€I€give€this€man€„„€if€I€cause€these€sentences€in€the€felonyÏcases€to€run€consecutively,€one€after€the€other,€and€I€giveÏhim€the€maximum€sentence€in€each€one€of€those,€that€wouldÏbe€a€total€of€seventy€five€years€which€sounds€really€bad.€IfÏhe€serves€that€and€the€law€stays€the€same€and€he€servesÍthat€in€thirty€percent,€weððre€talking€about€twenty„two€and€aÏhalf€year€that€he€could€serve€that.ÌÌà8 àà8 àNow€this€type€of€conduct€compared€to€what€it€was€a€fewÏyears€ago€or€what€it€might€be€in€the€future€is€a€very€lightÏsentence€for€this€type€of€thing€and€I€feel€like€under€theÏcircumstances€that€I€should€run€these€sentencesÏconsecutively.€I€think€that€it€fits€this.€ÌÌÓÓThe€court€said€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4),€which€states€that€the€defendant€is€aÏserious€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€has€noÏhesitation€about€committing€the€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high,€ð ðfits€like€aÏglove€in€this€particular€case.ðð€ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.ó óÌÌÓ  Óà àAn€accused€qualifies€as€a€dangerous€offender€when€his€€"behavior€indicatesÏlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€[he€has]€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€inÏwhich€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high."€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b);€òòseeóó€òòGray€v.ÏStateóó,€538€S.W.2d€391,€393€(Tenn.€€1976).€While€the€defendant€qualifies€as€aÏdangerous€offender,€this€fact,€standing€alone,€will€not€justify€consecutive€sentencing.€ÏòòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938„39€(Tenn.€1995);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€739ÏS.W.2d€227€(Tenn.€1987);€òòGrayóó,€538€S.W.2d€at€393.€€As€the€supreme€court€said€inÏWilkerson:ÌÓÓÌà8 àà8 àAs€previously€stated€in€this€opinion,€the€imposition€ofÏconsecutive€sentences€on€an€offender€found€to€be€aÏdangerous€offender€requires,€in€addition€to€the€applicationÏof€general€principles€of€sentencing,€the€finding€that€anÏextended€sentence€is€necessary€to€protect€the€publicÍagainst€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant€and€thatÏthe€consecutive€sentences€must€reasonably€relate€to€theÏseverity€of€the€offenses€committed.ÌÓÓÌÓÓ905€S.W.2d€at€939.€ÌÓÓÌà àThe€nature€of€the€defendantððs€treatment€of€the€victim,€constantly€threatening€himÏwith€a€gun,€telling€the€victim€he€would€be€set€free,€shooting€the€victim€in€the€back€of€theÏhead€and€then€leaving€the€victim€to€die,€clearly€establishes€the€defendantððsÏcallousness€toward€the€life€of€the€victim.€€Ìà àThis€court€is€of€the€opinion€consecutive€sentences€should€be€imposed€toÏprevent€the€defendant€from€harming€another€human€being€as€he€did€in€this€case.ÏMoreover,€the€lengths€Çof€the€sentences€imposed€are€commensurate€with€the€crimes€the€defendant€Ïcommitted.€€The€record€indicates€the€defendant€is€not€amenable€to€rehabilitation.à àÌÌÓÓÌÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà à________________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ì€€€€€€€€€WILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ì€€€€€€€THOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÌÌÌ