ÿWPC ñŠ‹è¬/Dhèƒh@Tæ#³Oh è’|Z u$Epˆ?]¯eB&ÐNÞ'O™³ú2š«éøqR¢´[•¿ð#„c‡ŒÀ„v5&²‡9wÆ œ[®±R^4aúÿ'ŸÏ÷æùáÖ¹TÒgŽ 4¥<=‘žF¹ÂÎÿ”ŒKáÑô]Ž5ÂÒ¸©©qEŠøÛ[U¤õÛÝznçÆÌÚSm&Ûqº1vÈnëø8òóF…TAƒ)ùtB1ª¸†:8’Ê…%ý¢Cü§Ü‚h/ù© Þ<çXôÄ6yH{\<Ÿâù¥ ÑGòÌ÷uJ75Äî¶©÷º]?mápNâ Ñ•…RERuX «(Zø™Ò1\)ÀÅ—òÌ|ú¶`äŠ ?ÇY®Õ#UÀ:.£Tœ†ì¯IŸetÊbÍödJ¸È­J,<ž~a‡Þ\Ý@¹ ü„õ¹ŒÌÛ‡Âóž0+5ŒX ¡ã›´Kq¦ŽEú 1 †”¢AìH ýyBH;ø2Öm»uýžtÍùÅ’:g¸í©fÒ:t—®Ë®Îy£V(öA†3Ø—Ö,›y’è7½ (ÊhŽ{öFÝ@KsZ™%d4ü~n;¯ƒÑQ 8þðØÞ%b %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÉÐ —™ Æ0ÆöƼÆ‚ 0DHNŒU@ŽŽEÎMÐUNU>kkk©(±±±±±±±±± 00ÙÙÙÙÙÙÙÙb                                     0ë Büü 0¤ D5½ D-ò 0K ASjƽ 0¤ƒ 0D' A«k»¼s‚/Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularyö.ê:i¢×+003|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0 Ý ƒR»Œ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÙÌò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€also€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€not€sufficient€to€support€his€conviction€for€theÐ ° Ðfelony€reckless€endangerment€of€Jeffrey€Caldwell.€€However,€because€we€have€reversed€this€conviction,€the€issue€isÐ qÁ Ðmoot.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman  CÝ ƒR»Œ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÙÌò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€Effective€July€2002,€the€legislature€amended€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„114€by€addingÐ ° Ðð ðterrorismðð€as€an€enhancement€factor€and€renumbering€the€remaining€factors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(Supp.Ð qÁ Ð2002).€€Our€opinion€refers€to€the€enhancement€factors€as€they€existed€at€the€time€of€sentencing€as€specified€in€TennesseeÐ 2‚ ÐCode€Annotated€section€40„35„114€(1997).(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regularô\  `‹&Times New Roman 0ÿÿ.Normal- ù-(|G2»Œ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å)»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôÙÌò»»Ô d(|3¸©$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å)»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3¸©$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å)»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Å)»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼Å)»»»ÔÑ8€‰åXXdê»»d8ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼)'»»¼Å)Ôà@hhìàԇ)'ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼)'»î;#ÔˆÐ Ï ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€August€5,€2003Ð î> ÐÔ‡XìåX»¼)'ÔÌò òÔ#†¼)'»XXìå4#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€òòóóv.€Ô_ÔANTRAYÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔTERRILLÔ_Ô€MORROWÔ‡XìåX»¼)'Ôó óÐ à0 ÐÌò òDirect€ó óà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ô_ÔHardinÔ_Ô€CountyÐ Ò " Ðà@@øøìàNo.€8030€€C.€Creed€Ô_ÔMcGinleyÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ ¸  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<i` AßÐ jº  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2002„02065„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€November€25,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ _¯  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<*` AßÐ +{  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓA€Ô_ÔHardinÔ_Ô€County€jury€convicted€the€appellant€of€four€counts€of€aggravated€assault€and€one€countÐ  p  Ðof€felony€reckless€endangerment.€€The€trial€court€imposed€an€effective€twelve„year€sentence.€€In€thisÐ V Ðappeal,€the€appellant€argues:€(1)€there€is€insufficient€evidence€to€support€his€convictions;€and€(2)€theÐ ì< Ðtrial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him.€€Upon€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€theÐ Ò" Ðappellantððs€convictions€and€sentences€for€aggravated€assault.€€However,€Ô‡X‰åXXXìåÔbecause€felony€recklessÐ ¸ Ðendangerment€is€not€a€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravated€assault,€the€jury€was€improperlyÐ ¢ò Ðinstructed€on€that€offense.€€Accordingly,€we€reverse€the€appellantððs€conviction€for€felony€recklessÐ ŒÜ Ðendangerment€and€remand€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.Ô#†XìåXXX‰å³#ÔšÔ#†¼)'»XXìåë#ÔÔ‡XìåX»¼)'ÔÐ vÆ ÐÓSÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Circuit€Court€are€Affirmed€inÐ F– ÐPart,€Reversed€in€Part,€and€Remandedó ó.Ð ,| ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼)'»àXìå~ #ÔÔ‡XìåX.¼)'ÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,óó€J.,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô€óóandÐ øH ÐòòRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Þ. ÐÌWayne€T.€Ô_ÔDeWeesÔ_Ô,€Bolivar,€Tennessee€(at€trial);€Guy€T.€Wilkinson,€District€Public€Defender;€andÐ ªú ÐRichard€W.€Ô_ÔDeBerryÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Public€Defender€(on€appeal),€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔAntrayÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔTerrillÔ_ÔÐ  à  ÐMorrow.€Ð v!Æ! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Jennifer€L.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð B#’# ÐG.€Robert€Ô_ÔRadfordÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€John€W.€Ô_ÔOvertonÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ ($x$ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð %^ % ÐÓq ÓÌò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼)'»XXìå  #ÔÔ‡XìåX»¼)'ÔÐ Ú&*"' ÐÌÓ  Óà  àòòóóÔ#†¼)'»XXìå#ÔÔ€XìåX»¼)'ÔOn€January€25,€2001,€the€appellant€fired€numerous€shots€at€a€house€where€four€men€wereÐ ¦(ö#) Ðstanding€on€the€porch€and€a€fifth€man€was€inside€the€house.€€None€of€the€victims€were€injured.€€TheÐ Œ)Ü$* Ðjury€convicted€the€appellant€of€four€counts€of€aggravated€assault€and€one€count€of€felony€recklessÐ r*Â%+ Ðendangerment.€€The€trial€court€imposed€an€effective€twelve„year€sentence.Ð X+¨&, ÐÌÐ $-t(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡à@––#ìàò òPROOF€AT€TRIALˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àó óJeffrey€Caldwell€and€Jerome€Dixon€testified€that€the€appellant€and€Dixon€had€a€confrontationÐ |Ì Ðin€front€of€Dixonððs€house.€€Dixon€said€he€told€the€appellant€to€ð ðmove€onðð€after€the€appellant€madeÐ b² Ðsome€ð ðmocking€gestures.ðð€€According€to€Caldwell,€who€remained€inside€the€house€after€theÐ H˜ Ðconfrontation,€the€appellant€drove€away,€returned€approximately€ten€to€fifteen€minutes€later,€andÐ . ~ Ðstarted€shooting.Ð  d ÐÌà  àDixon,€Terrence€Farris,€and€Tyrone€Ross€testified€that€they€were€on€the€front€porch€withÐ à 0 ÐMarlon€Yarbro€when€the€appellant€drove€by€and€started€shooting€at€them.€€They€said€they€all€fledÐ Æ   Ðinside€when€the€shooting€began.€€Farris€and€Ross,€whose€cars€were€parked€in€the€driveway,€said€theirÐ ¬ ü  Ðcars€were€damaged€by€gunfire.€€Caldwell€and€Farris€testified€that€the€appellant€was€driving€a€blueÐ ’â  Ðand€gray€Oldsmobile€with€a€white€rag€top.€€The€witnesses€said€the€appellant€was€accompanied€byÐ xÈ  Ðanother€man€in€the€passenger€seat.€€They€stated€that€the€appellant€was€the€driver€of€the€vehicle€andÐ ^®  Ðwas€the€person€who€fired€the€shots.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àJason€Martindale,€a€postal€employee,€testified€that€he€was€delivering€mail€in€theÐ ` Ðneighborhood€at€the€time€of€the€shooting.€€Martindale€stated€that€he€noticed€two€men€in€a€blue€andÐ öF Ðsilver€sedan€parked€near€the€Dixon€residence.€€He€said€he€saw€the€vehicle€drive€away,€heard€itÐ Ü, Ðaccelerate,€and€then€observed€the€vehicle€traveling€in€reverse.€€He€testified€that€he€then€observedÐ Â Ðsomeone€exit€the€vehicle€and€make€gestures€as€though€he€were€arguing.€€Martindale€left€before€theÐ ¨ø Ðshooting.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àLarry€Phelps,€an€investigator€with€the€Savannah€Police€Department,€testified€that€he€wasÐ Zª Ðdispatched€to€the€scene€of€the€shooting€where€he€found€ten€.45€caliber€shell€casings€in€a€straight€lineÐ @ Ðin€the€middle€of€the€street.€€Phelps€stated€that€he€found€ð ða€bullet€impact€areaðð€in€a€brick€of€the€houseÐ &v Ðnear€the€front€porch€and€noticed€that€a€piece€of€furniture€on€the€porch€had€been€struck€by€a€bullet.€Ð  \ ÐHe€said€he€also€observed€that€bullets€had€struck€two€vehicles€in€the€driveway.Ð òB ÐÌà  àCircuit€Court€Clerk€Diane€Polk€testified€that€on€June€14,€2001,€the€appellant€failed€to€appearÐ ¾ Ðin€court€on€these€charges€and,€as€a€result,€a€capias€was€issued€for€his€arrest.€€Savannah€Chief€ofÐ ¤ô ÐPolice€Donald€Derr€testified€that€on€January€4,€2002,€he€arrested€the€appellant€on€the€capias.€€ChiefÐ Š Ú ÐDerr€Ô#cdddÔrecounted€that€when€officers€attempted€to€stop€the€appellantððs€vehicle,€the€appellant€drove€Ð p!À  Ðbackwards€Ô#ddcdÔdown€the€street€and€stopped€only€after€Chief€Derr€drew€his€weapon.Ð V"¦! Ðò òó óÌà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÐ "$r# Ðó óÌà  àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€proof€was€insufficient€to€support€his€convictions.€€First,€heÐ î%>!% Ðargues€that€the€proof€did€not€justify€multiple€convictions.€€He€maintains€the€trial€court€should€haveÐ Ô&$"& Ðconsolidated€his€convictions€because€the€proof€established€one€continuous€course€of€conduct.€€WeÐ º' #' Ðdisagree.Ð  (ð#( ÐÌà  àGenerally,€more€than€one€conviction€for€a€single€criminal€act€may€stand€where€there€areÐ l*¼%* Ðmultiple€victims.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Irvinóó,€603€S.W.2d€121,€122€(Tenn.€1980);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Dentonóó,Ð R+¢&+ Ð938€S.W.2d€373,€381€(Tenn.€1996).€€In€òòState€v.€Marcus€Johnsonóó,€No.€W2002„00987„CCA„R3„CD,Ð 8,ˆ', Ð2003€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€780,€at€**27„28€(Jackson,€Sept.€4,€2003),€òòperm.€to€appeal€pendingóó,Ð ° Ða€panel€of€this€court€held€that€double€jeopardy€prohibited€the€defendant€from€being€convicted€of€twoÐ –æ Ðseparate€charges€of€especially€aggravated€robbery€where€there€were€two€victims,€but€only€one€theft.€Ð |Ì ÐThe€panel€reasoned€that€only€one€conviction€was€supported€by€the€evidence€because€the€proper€unitÐ b² Ðof€prosecution€for€aggravated€robbery€in€Tennessee€is€the€number€of€thefts,€rather€than€the€numberÐ H˜ Ðof€victims.€€òòIdóó.€at€*29;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Irvin€Lee€Franklinóó,€No.€W2002„00945„CCA„R3„CD,€2003Ð . ~ ÐTenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€568,€at€*19€(Jackson,€June€27,€2003),€òòperm.€to€app.€pendingóó.€€However,Ð  d Ðthe€òòMarcus€Johnsonóó€panel€found€that€the€appellant€Johnson€was€guilty€of€a€crime€against€eachÐ ú J Ðvictim,€and€that€the€evidence€supported€a€conviction€for€aggravated€assault,€a€lesser„included€offenseÐ à 0 Ðof€especially€aggravated€robbery,€for€the€offense€against€the€second€victim.€€òòMarcus€Johnsonóó,€2003Ð Æ   ÐTenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€780,€at€*30.€€The€obvious€implication€of€this€holding€is€that€the€numberÐ ¬ ü  Ðof€victims€is€a€proper€unit€of€prosecution€for€aggravated€assault;€therefore,€multiple€convictions€forÐ ’â  Ðeach€victim€of€an€aggravated€assault€do€not€violate€double€jeopardy.€€In€the€instant€case,€each€of€theÐ xÈ  Ðfour€men€standing€on€the€porch€at€the€time€the€appellant€fired€the€shots€was€a€victim€of€aggravatedÐ ^®  Ðassault.Ð D”  ÐÌà  àThe€appellantððs€reliance€upon€òòState€v.€Ramseyóó,€903€S.W.2d€709€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),Ð ` Ðis€misplaced.€€òòRamseyóó€held€that€only€one€offense€of€reckless€endangerment€is€committed€evenÐ öF Ðthough€there€are€multiple€persons€subjected€to€the€endangerment.€€òòIdóó.€at€713.€€Here,€the€subjectÐ Ü, Ðoffense€is€aggravated€assault,€not€reckless€endangerment.€€Separate€convictions€for€each€of€the€fourÐ Â Ðvictims€standing€on€the€porch€is€proper.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€further€contends€that€the€evidence€was€not€sufficient€to€support€his€convictionÐ tÄ Ðfor€Ô#cdddÔthe€aggravated€assault€of€Marlon€Yarbro.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð Zª ÐÌà  àÔ‡XìåXXXìåÔIn€Tennessee,€great€weight€is€given€to€the€result€reached€by€the€jury€in€a€criminal€trial.€€A€juryÐ &v Ðverdict€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Bigbeeóó,Ð  \ Ð885€S.W.2d€797,€803€(Tenn.€1994).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€Ô#ddcdÔviewÐ òB Ðof€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòóóòòState€v.€Elkinsóó,€102Ð Ø( ÐS.W.3d€578,€581€(Tenn.€2003).Ô#†XìåXXXìåz+#ÔòòóóòòóóÐ ¾ ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€was€convicted€of€the€aggravated€assault€of€Marlon€Yarbro€by€intentionally€orÐ Š Ú Ðknowingly€causing€Yarbro€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury€by€the€use€or€display€of€aÐ p!À  Ðhandgun.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„102(a)(1)(B)€(2003).€€The€appellant€contends€that€becauseÐ V"¦! ÐYarbro€did€not€testify€at€trial,€there€was€no€proof€that€the€appellant€pointed€the€gun€or€shot€at€Yarbro,Ð <#Œ" Ðor€that€Yarbro€was€afraid.€€Witnesses€testified€that€the€appellant€shot€at€the€men€on€the€porch€andÐ "$r# Ðthat€all€of€them,€including€Yarbro,€fearfully€ran€inside€the€house.€€We€conclude€that€this€evidenceÐ %X $ Ðwas€sufficient€to€establish€the€appellantððs€guilt€of€the€aggravated€assault€of€Yarbro.Ð î%>!% ÐÌÐ º' #' Ðà@¿¿#ìàò òII.€€SENTENCINGó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àAt€sentencing,€Investigator€Larry€Phelps€testified€that€the€shooting€occurred€in€ð ð[a]€heavilyÐ |Ì Ðpopulated€residential€area.ðð€€Phelps€stated€that€a€daycare€center€was€located€near€the€house€whereÐ b² Ðthe€shooting€occurred;€however,€no€reports€were€received€of€gunshots€striking€nearby€homes.€€NoÐ H˜ Ðevidence€was€presented€as€to€whether€the€daycare€center€or€any€of€the€nearby€residences€wereÐ . ~ Ðoccupied€at€the€time€of€the€shooting.Ð  d ÐÌà  àThe€presentence€report€indicated€that€the€appellant€had€prior€adult€convictions€forÐ à 0 Ðmisdemeanor€Ô#bdddÔassault,€evading€arrest,€and€unlawful€possession€of€a€weapon,€and€a€juvenile€adjudicationÐ Æ   Ðfor€burglary.€€Ô#ddbdÔAccording€to€the€report,€the€appellant€admitted€frequent€marijuana€use.Ð ¬ ü  ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€found€three€enhancement€factors€were€applicable:€enhancement€factor€(1),€theÐ xÈ  Ðappellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÐ ^®  Ðnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;€enhancement€factor€(10),€the€appellant€had€no€hesitationÐ D”  Ðabout€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high;€and€enhancement€factor€(20),€theÐ *z  Ðappellant€was€adjudicated€to€have€committed€a€delinquent€act€as€a€juvenile€that€would€constitute€aÐ ` Ðfelony€if€committed€by€an€adult.€€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(10),€(20)€(1997).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€The€trialÐ öF Ðcourt€found€no€applicable€mitigating€factors,€imposed€the€maximum€sentence€of€six€years€for€eachÐ Ü, Ðaggravated€assault€conviction€and€the€maximum€two„year€sentence€for€the€felony€recklessÐ Â Ðendangerment€conviction,€imposed€partial€consecutive€sentencing€to€create€an€effective€twelve„yearÐ ¨ø Ðsentence,€and€denied€alternative€sentencing.Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancement€factor€(10),Ð Zª Ðimposing€partial€consecutive€sentencing,€and€denying€alternative€sentencing.Ð @ ÐÌò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ  \ Ðò òÔ‡XìåXXXìåÔó óÌà  àThis€courtððs€review€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€de€novo€with€a€presumptionÐ Ø( ÐÔ#adddÔof€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned€upon€anÐ ¾ Ðaffirmative€Ô#ddadÔshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€judge€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ ¤ô Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€543€(Tenn.€1999).€€If€the€trialÐ Š Ú Ðcourt€fails€to€comply€with€the€statutory€directives,€there€is€no€presumption€of€correctness€and€ourÐ p!À  Ðreview€is€de€novo.€€òòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€1997).Ð V"¦! ÐÌà  àIf€no€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors€for€sentencing€are€present,€Tennessee€CodeÐ "$r# ÐAnnotated€section€40„35„210(c)€(Supp.€2002)Ô_Ô€provides€that€the€presumptive€sentence€for€mostÐ %X $ Ðoffenses€shall€be€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€applicable€range.€€òòóóòòState€v.€Lavenderóó,€967€S.W.2dÐ î%>!% Ð803,€806€(Tenn.€1998)òòóó.€€However,€if€such€factors€do€exist,€a€trial€court€should€enhance€the€minimumÐ Ô&$"& Ðsentence€within€the€range€for€enhancement€factors€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€range€forÐ ° Ðthe€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(e);€òòState€v.€Arnettóó,€49€S.W.3d€250,€257€(Tenn.Ð –æ Ð2001).€€No€particular€weight€for€each€factor€is€prescribed€by€the€statute,€as€the€weight€given€to€eachÐ |Ì Ðfactor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€as€long€as€the€trial€court€complies€with€the€purposesÐ b² Ðand€principles€of€the€sentencing€act€and€its€findings€are€supported€by€the€record.€€òòState€v.€Maddenóó,Ð H˜ Ð99€S.W.3d€127,€138€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2002);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210,€SentencingÐ . ~ ÐCommission€Comments.Ð  d ÐÌò òB.€€Enhancement€Factor€(10)ó óÐ à 0 ÐÌÔ#†XìåXXXìå;#Ôà  àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€enhancement€factor€(10),€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðappellant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€becauseÐ ’â  Ðrisk€to€human€life€is€an€essential€element€of€aggravated€assault€with€a€deadly€weapon€and€felonyÐ xÈ  Ðreckless€endangerment.€€The€State€concedes€that€this€factor€was€improperly€applied.Ð ^®  ÐÌà  àThe€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€was€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€of€aggravated€assaultÐ *z  Ðand€felony€reckless€endangermentòòóó.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„102(a)(1)(B),€„103(b)òòóó.€€Risk€toÐ ` Ðhuman€life€is€inherent€in€the€use€of€a€firearm.€€òòState€v.€Nixóó,€922€S.W.2d€894,€903€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð öF Ð1995).€€Therefore,€enhancement€factor€(10)€may€not€ordinarily€be€applied€to€enhance€the€appellantððsÐ Ü, Ðsentences€for€these€convictions.€€However,€an€exception€exists€where€a€defendantððs€actions€posedÐ Â Ða€high€risk€to€the€life€of€a€person€other€than€the€named€victim.€€€òòState€v.€Imfeldóó,€70€S.W.3d€698,€707Ð ¨ø Ð(Tenn.€2002).Ð ŽÞ ÐÌà  àIn€the€instant€case,€the€appellant€fired€shots€at€a€house€where€four€named€victims€wereÐ Zª Ðstanding€on€the€porch€and€a€fifth€named€victim€was€inside€the€house.€€While€the€State€presentedÐ @ Ðfurther€proof€that€the€shots€were€fired€in€a€residential€neighborhood€and€that€there€was€a€daycareÐ &v Ðcenter€in€the€vicinity,€there€no€proof€that€the€shots€actually€created€a€risk€to€the€life€of€any€otherÐ  \ Ðspecific€person.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€For€this€reason,Ð òB Ðwe€must€conclude€the€proof€was€insufficient€to€support€the€application€of€enhancement€factor€(10)Ð Ø( Ðto€the€appellantððs€convictions.Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àThe€wrongful€application€of€one€or€more€enhancement€factors€by€the€trial€court€does€notÐ Š Ú Ðnecessarily€lead€to€a€reduction€in€the€length€of€the€sentence.€€òòState€v.€Winfieldóó,€23€S.W.3d€279,€284Ð p!À  Ð(Tenn.€2000).€€This€determination€requires€that€we€review€the€evidence€supporting€any€remainingÐ V"¦! Ðenhancement€factors,€as€well€as€the€evidence€supporting€any€mitigating€factors.€€òòImfeldóó,€70€S.W.3dÐ <#Œ" Ðat€707.Ð "$r# ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€gave€great€weight€to€the€appellantððs€prior€criminal€convictions,€specificallyÐ î%>!% Ðhis€convictions€for€assault,€possession€of€a€weapon,€and€evading€arrest.€€Likewise,€we€conclude€thatÐ Ô&$"& Ðenhancement€factors€(1)€and€(20)€justify€the€sentences€imposed.Ð º' #' ÐÌò òC.€€Consecutive€Sentencingó óÐ †)Ö$) Ðâ âÐ l*¼%* Ðà  àThe€trial€court€imposed€partial€consecutive€sentencing€after€finding€the€appellant€to€be€aÐ ° Ðdangerous€offender.€€The€appellant€maintains€that€consecutive€sentencing€was€not€warranted.€€ThisÐ –æ Ðargument€is€without€merit.€Ð |Ì Ðâ âÌà  àGenerally,€it€is€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€to€impose€consecutive€sentences€if€itÐ H˜ Ðfinds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€thatò òÔ  Ôó óÔ‡XìåXXXìåÔÓÓ€a€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behaviorÐ . ~ Ðindicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€theÐ  d Ðrisk€to€human€life€is€high.€€Ô#†XìåXXXìå Q#ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)€(1997).€€If€the€court€concludes€thatÐ ú J Ða€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(4),€itÐ à 0 Ðmust€make€two€further€determinations€in€addition€to€applying€general€Ô#bdddÔsentencing€principles.€€òòImfeldóó,Ð Æ   Ð70€S.W.3d€at€708.€€First,€it€must€find€an€extended€sentence€is€necessary€Ô#ddbdÔto€protect€the€public€fromÐ ¬ ü  Ðfurther€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant,€and,€second,€it€must€Ô#adddÔfind€consecutive€sentencing€to€beÐ ’â  Ðreasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€Ô#ddadÔ905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.Ð xÈ  Ð1995).€€The€record€establishes€that€the€trial€court€indeed€made€these€specific€findings.€€We€concludeÐ ^®  Ðthat€the€trial€courtððs€findings€are€supported€by€the€record,€and€it€did€not€err€in€imposing€partialÐ D”  Ðconsecutive€sentences.Ð *z  ÐÌò òD.€€Alternative€Sentencingó óÐ öF ÐÌà  àThe€appellant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€alternative€sentencing.€€AnÐ Â Ðespecially€mitigated€or€standard€offender€convicted€of€a€Class€C,€D,€or€E€felony€is€presumed€to€beÐ ¨ø Ða€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing€in€the€absence€of€evidence€to€the€contrary.€€Tenn.Ð ŽÞ ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6)€(1997).€€However,€this€presumption€is€not€available€to€a€defendant€whoÐ tÄ Ðcommits€the€most€severe€offenses,€has€a€criminal€history€showing€clear€disregard€for€the€laws€andÐ Zª Ðmorals€of€society,€and€has€failed€past€efforts€at€rehabilitation.€€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(5);€òòseeÐ @ Ðalsoóó€òòState€v.€Fieldsóó,€40€S.W.3d€435,€440€(Tenn.€2001).Ð &v ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€acknowledged€the€presumption€of€alternative€sentencing;€nevertheless,€itÐ òB Ðfound€that€the€appellant€was€not€an€appropriate€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing€because€theÐ Ø( Ðrecord€established€he€was€not€amenable€to€rehabilitation.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(5)Ð ¾ ÐÔ_Ô(1997).Ô_Ô€€The€presentence€report€indicated€that€at€the€time€the€appellant€committed€the€instantÐ ¤ô Ðoffenses,€he€was€on€probation€for€assault.€€Moreover,€there€was€proof€that€he€received€suspendedÐ Š Ú Ðsentences€for€past€Ô#bdddÔconvictions,€yet€continued€to€commit€offenses.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð p!À  Ð103(1)(C)€(prior€failures€of€alternative€Ô#ddbdÔsentencing).€€The€record€further€established€that€the€twenty„Ð V"¦! Ðfour„year„old€appellant€had€numerous€misdemeanor€convictions€as€well€as€a€juvenile€adjudicationÐ <#Œ" Ðfor€burglary,€and€the€appellant€admitted€to€long„term,€frequent€use€of€illegal€drugs.€€òòSeeóó€òòóóTenn.€CodeÐ "$r# ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(A)€(long€history€of€criminal€conduct€to€be€considered€regarding€confinement).€Ð %X $ ÐGiven€these€facts,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€denying€alternative€sentencing.Ð î%>!% ÐÌò òÔ‡X‰åXXXìåÔÓ  ÓIII.€€FELONY€RECKLESS€ENDANGERMENT€CONVICTIONó óÐ º' #' ÐÓb_ÓÌà  àAlthough€not€raised€by€either€party,€we€note€that€the€appellant€was€convicted€on€count€twoÐ )ß$) Ðof€felony€reckless€endangerment€as€a€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravated€assaultÔ#†XìåXXX‰åC_#ÔÔ‡X‰åXXXìåÔ.€€Because€felonyÐ y*É%* Ðreckless€endangerment€is€not€a€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravated€assault€committed€byÐ c+³&+ Ðintentionally€or€knowingly€causing€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury€by€use€orÐ ° Ðdisplay€of€a€deadly€weaponÔ#†XìåXXX‰å´`#ÔÔ‡X‰åXXXìåÔ,€we€recognize€this€as€plain€error€and€reverse€the€appellantððs€convictionÐ šê Ðof€felony€reckless€endangerment.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52.Ð „Ô ÐÌà  àArticle€I,€section€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€provides€that,€in€a€criminal€prosecution,Ð X¨ Ðthe€accused€is€entitled€to€notice€of€the€charges€that€he€must€defend.€€ð ðConsequently,€the€accused€mayÐ B ’ Ðbe€convicted€only€of€an€offense€[charged]€in€the€indictment,€or€an€offense€that€qualifies€as€a€lesser„Ð , | Ðincluded€thereof.ðð€€òòState€v.€Mooreóó,€77€S.W.3d€132,€134€(Tenn.€2002)€(citing€òòHagner€v.€UnitedÐ  f ÐStatesóó,€285€U.S.€427,€431,€52€S.€Ct.€417,€419€(1932)).€€As€previously€noted,€the€appellant€wasÐ  P Ðcharged€with€five€counts€of€aggravated€assault.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€proof€at€trial,€the€trial€courtÐ ê :  Ðinstructed€the€jury€on€the€charged€offense€of€aggravated€assault€and€the€lesser„included€offenses€ofÐ Ô $  Ðfelony€reckless€endangerment€and€assault.€€On€count€two,€the€jury€convicted€the€appellant€of€felonyÐ ¾  Ðreckless€endangerment€against€Jeff€Caldwell.€€In€order€for€the€conviction€to€be€valid,€felony€recklessÐ ¨ø  Ðendangerment€must€be€a€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravated€assault€committed€by€intentionallyÐ ’â  Ðor€knowingly€causing€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury€by€use€or€display€of€aÐ |Ì  Ðdeadly€weapon,€the€indicted€offense.Ô#†XìåXXX‰åb#Ô€€òòóóOur€supreme€court€has€previously€held€that€felony€recklessÐ f¶  Ðendangerment€is€not€a€lesser„included€offense€of€aggravated€assault€Ô‡X‰åXXXìåÔcommitted€by€intentionally€orÐ P  Ðknowingly€causing€another€to€reasonably€fear€imminent€bodily€injury€by€use€or€display€of€a€deadlyÐ :Š ÐweaponÔ#†XìåXXX‰åþh#Ô.€€òòMooreóó,€77€S.W.3d€at€136;€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Larry€Mitchel€Watsonóó,€No.€E2000„01923„CCA„Ð $t ÐR3„CD,€2001€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS,€at€**6„8€(Knoxville,€Sept.€11,€2001).€€Ô‡X‰åXXXìåÔAccordingly,€felonyÐ ^ Ðreckless€endangerment€should€not€have€been€charged€to€the€juryÔ#†XìåXXX‰å¸j#ÔÔ‡X‰åXXXìåÔ.€€The€appellantððs€conviction€forÐ øH Ðfelony€reckless€endangerment€is€reversed.€€On€remand,€the€appellant€may€be€tried€for€ð ðany€offensesÐ â2 Ðwhich€qualify€under€the€[test€adopted€in€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€466„67€(Tenn.€1999)]Ô#†XìåXXX‰å`k#ÔÔ‡X‰åXXXìåÔòòóó€asÐ Ì Ðlesser„included€offenses€of€[aggravated€assault]€that€(1)€were€not€originally€charged;€or€(2)€wereÐ ¶ Ðcharged€but€which€are€lesser€offenses€than€[felony€reckless€endangerment].ðð€€òòState€v.€Rushóó,€Ô#†XìåXXX‰å¶l#Ô50Ð  ð ÐS.W.3d€424,€432€(Tenn.€2001).Ð ŠÚ ÐÌà@GG%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ V¦ ÐÌà  àBased€upon€our€review€of€the€record€and€applicable€law,€we€affirm€the€appellantððsÐ "r Ðconvictions€and€sentences€for€aggravated€assault.€€However,€we€reverse€the€appellantððs€convictionÐ  X Ðfor€felony€reckless€endangerment€and€remand€for€further€proceedings€consistent€with€this€opinion.Ð î > ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________€Ð †$Ö# Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àNORMA€MCGEE€OGLE,€JUDGEòòóó