ÿWPCŠ9 ~²j‹”hÐá‚›Ðú‚i8"ï9ýèŸÃÒï ²¹mýËÑv‰(sÆî†¬ÀU3ÞVK'Úê†~3]d3·|­Î@ug†Õ_síÖ„¥á‡í‚Ðp…ûšœí…¬Í_ÁÌD£¢R¡{艎©¥~ZÖiõ©ÑÕzñæL‰uŽOcÎ<{f?‡aƒµ2Hic›y>§o¢^K\Yû„cEF­\†ecIãó>/LäÚ~¼ñ¤ÂÄýåí¸cz4/[gÍ…ÙæxW„NÕ­:!ÛÓÜ…µôÂ?RAŠ–òŸèš7êííƒw}´eÀ5¬ì˰ˆ¹æ l•~:ñ+ Î&~”}{TÙ#!WÁç€Ýs?“¥†Sõ;Óöè¹&îvIÂn|0¤/&®’¾G›Ë¤;†oW·ÏN‹ÌüU´QÖÐ&[½aêåôY>JƒaÄb{Qƒ}1zM !¿71“¥ù²0T(ÏE¦Ö©‚Ÿâû ݦ9•ˆãõªÓážå1PÂÜÒßjc3AC¹"ác§Õ)gSºrú5zç­ä†$´*T+´&ƈΟÞ)KšAr?]`é¡çdmdI!nÌ ×7ƒ¡Fš€°$ }ÎMØ¢±ŸàMåeîñ“ % N 0ˆ UMNš ‚è zj Òä z¶Ò0N zÆ~ÆDÆ ÆÐÒ–NhNjjj zlÒæE¸Nººº ¼ zÌÒFN zÒ”Nffff zhÒâN´´´b¶ z¾Ò8N    z Ò†NXXX zZÒÔN¦¦¦ z¨Ò"Nôôô zöÒpNB B B zD Ò¾ N!!! z’!Ò "NÞ"Þ"Þ" 0ëà" zË#ÒE$N% B%% 0¤6% D5Ú% D-& 0K<&<& AS‡&ÆÚ& 0¤ ' 0DD( A«ˆ( z3)Ò­)N*** z*Òû*NÍ+Í+Í+ zÏ+ÒI,N--- z-Ò—-Ni.i.i. zk.Òå.N·/·/·/ z¹/Ò30N111 z1Ò1NS2S2S2 zU2ÒÏ2^ ¡3w­34±3Å3Ô3 mÖ3U.>í3 0D+4UNo4î½4 «6#ÉÁ6» (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular xÝ ƒR+$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôø„ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€The€appellant€ostensibly€claims€that€the€entry€into€and€eventual€search€of€his€home€could€have€beenÐ ° Ðaccomplished€by€police€securing€a€search€warrant€prior€to€Officer€Smithððs€first€entry€into€his€home.€€However,€as€the€trialÐ qÁ Ðcourt€found,€ð ð[Ô_Ôu]nderÔ_Ô€the€facts€of€this€case€the€officers€would€not€have€had€probable€cause€to€get€a€search€warrant€untilÐ 2‚ Ðthey€were€invited€into€the€house€and€observed€the€drugs.ðð˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5C:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard 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2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt d(|3ø°$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æa»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ø°$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æa»»dXXdé8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKc˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpth˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptm˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptr˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptw˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt|˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt†˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt{/1Ï  ~‰/\Pê:i¢×+003|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀô\  `‹&Times New Roman(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular äÝ ƒR+$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôø„ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô€€In€òòState€v.€Downeyóó,€945€S.W.2d€102,€106€(Tenn.€1997)€(citation€omitted),€our€supreme€court€noted€thatÐ ° Ðð ðððarticle€I,€section€7€is€identical€in€intent€and€purpose€with€the€Fourth€Amendment.ðððð€€For€the€purposes€of€this€opinion,Ð qÁ Ðwe€consider€the€protection€provided€by€these€provisions€to€be€coextensive.ÿÿStarPage˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Æa»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Æa»»»ÔÑ8€ƒXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡î=>ÆaÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Æa»îî=> #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àJuly€13,€2004€SessionÐ öF ÐÔ‡XƒX»¼ÆaÔÌò òÔ#†¼Æa»XXƒ#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóGREGORY€MORROWÔ‡XƒX»¼ÆaÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€01„11992€€€€€€Bernie€Ô_ÔWeinmanÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2003„02401„CCA„R3„CD€€„€September€13,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€appellant,€Gregory€Morrow,€was€found€guilty€by€a€jury€in€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€CourtÐ V¦  Ðof€possessing€300€grams€or€more€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell,€possessing€300€grams€or€moreÐ ? Ðof€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver,€and€two€counts€of€possessing€marijuanaÔ#†¼Æa»XXƒ‡#ÔÔ‡XƒX»¼ÆaÔ.€€The€appellantÐ (x Ðreceived€a€total€effective€sentence€of€fifteen€years€incarceration€in€the€Tennessee€Department€ofÐ a ÐCorrection.€€On€appeal,€the€appellant€challenges€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€his€motion€to€suppressÐ úJ Ðand€raises€complaints€regarding€the€application€of€Rule€41(g)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÐ ã3 ÐProcedure.€€Upon€our€review€of€the€record€and€the€partiesðð€briefs,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€theÐ Ì Ðtrial€court,€but€we€remand€for€a€merger€of€the€appellantððs€two€cocaine€convictions€and€his€twoÐ µ Ðmarijuana€convictions.€€Ô#†¼Æa»XXƒ-#ÔÔ‡XƒX»¼ÆaÔÐ žî ÐÓÊÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Criminal€Court€are€Affirmed€andÐ pÀ ÐRemanded.ó óÐ Zª ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Æa»àXƒ #ÔÔ‡XƒX.¼ÆaÔNorma€McGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJohn€Everett€Williamsóó€andÐ -} ÐòòAlan€E.€Glenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð f ÐÌJack€Ô_ÔMcNeilÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€Tennessee€(at€trial€and€on€appeal),€and€Lance€Ô_ÔChismÔ_Ô,€Memphis,€TennesseeÐ è 8  Ð(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Gregory€Morrow.Ð Ñ!!! ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Renee€W.€Turner,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð £#ó# ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Scot€A.€Ô_ÔBearupÔ_Ô€and€Ô_ÔTiffaniÔ_Ô€Taylor,€AssistantÐ Œ$Ü$ ÐDistrict€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð u%Å % ÐÓÚ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Æa»XXƒ #ÔÔ‡XƒX»¼ÆaÔÐ G'—"' ÐÌà @ àà @ àà @ àòòóóÔ#†¼Æa»XXƒ #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XƒX»¼ÆaÔà  àThe€appellant€was€indicted€by€a€Shelby€County€Jury€on€charges€of€possessing€300€grams€orÐ )j$) Ðmore€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell,€possessing€300€grams€or€more€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€toÐ *S%* Ðdeliver,€possessing€over€one„half€ounce€of€marijuana€with€the€intent€to€sell,€and€possessing€over€one„Ð ì*<&+ Ðhalf€ounce€of€marijuana€with€the€intent€to€deliver.€€The€facts€adduced€at€the€suppression€hearing€andÐ Õ+%', Ðâ âat€trial€reveal€that€on€August€30,€2000,€Ô_ÔJevonÔ_Ô€Bryant,€a€confidential€informant€working€with€theÐ ¾,(-ý ÐÔ_ ÔMemphis€Police€Department,€contacted€the€appellant€to€arrange€a€purchase€of€cocaine.€€Ultimately,Ð ° Ðthe€two€men€agreed€on€a€price€of€$6500€for€eight€and€one„half€ounces€of€cocaine.€€Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àFollowing€a€prearranged€plan,€at€11:30€p.m.€on€August€31,€2000,€Bryant€and€undercoverÐ k» Ðpolice€officer€J.D.€Smith€proceeded€to€the€appellantððs€home€to€purchase€the€cocaine.€€Upon€arrival,Ð T¤ Ðthe€two€men€parked€their€vehicle€and€approached€the€appellantððs€front€door.€€Officer€Smith€noticedÐ =  Ðthe€appellant€sitting€in€the€driverððs€seat€of€a€Chevrolet€Suburban€that€was€parked€in€the€driveway€ofÐ & v Ðhis€home.€€The€appellant€beckoned€the€two€men€over€and€invited€them€to€join€him€in€the€truck€toÐ  _ Ðsmoke€a€ð ðblunt,ðð€or€a€marijuana€cigarette.€€Bryant€agreed,€but€Officer€Smith€declined,€claiming€thatÐ ø H Ðhe€was€looking€for€a€job€the€following€Monday€and€would€be€required€to€take€a€drug€test.Ð á 1  ÐÌà  àAfter€Bryant€and€the€appellant€smoked€the€marijuana,€the€appellant€ushered€Bryant€andÐ ³  ÐOfficer€Smith€into€his€home.€€Once€inside,€the€appellant€used€keys€to€secure€two€locks€on€the€screenÐ œì  Ðdoor€and€three€locks€on€the€wooden€front€door.€€The€doors€the€men€entered€led€into€the€appellantððsÐ …Õ  Ðliving€room.€€Officer€Smith€sat€down€on€a€couch€in€the€living€room€while€the€appellant€led€BryantÐ n¾  Ðinto€the€kitchen.€€Officer€Smith€noticed€that€the€appellant€had€a€small€handgun€in€his€front€shirtÐ W§  Ðpocket€and€a€larger€handgun€stashed€in€the€waistband€of€his€pants.Ð @ ÐÌà  àFrom€his€vantage€point€on€the€couch,€Officer€Smith€observed€the€appellant€remove€a€blackÐ b Ðbackpack€from€a€cabinet€underneath€the€kitchen€sink.€€In€order€to€obtain€a€better€view€of€theÐ ûK Ðappellant,€Officer€Smith€stood€and€approached€the€kitchen.€€The€appellant€extracted€a€quart„sizedÐ ä4 Ðð ðzip„lockðð€plastic€bag€from€the€backpack.€€The€bag€contained€a€white€powder€substance€OfficerÐ Í ÐSmith€believed€to€be€cocaine.€€Additionally,€Officer€Smith€noticed€two€sets€of€digital€scales,€whichÐ ¶ Ðare€commonly€used€by€drug€dealers€to€weigh€their€product,€located€in€the€kitchen€near€the€cocaine.€Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àOfficer€Smith,€who€was€wired€with€a€transmitter,€indicated€to€the€takedown€team€stationedÐ qÁ Ðoutside€that€he€had€seen€the€appellant€in€possession€of€cocaine.€€Thereafter,€Officer€Smith€told€theÐ Zª Ðappellant€that€he€was€uncomfortable€being€locked€in€the€house€with€the€appellant€while€the€appellantÐ C“ Ðwas€armed€with€two€handguns,€and€he€asked€to€wait€in€his€car€until€the€transaction€took€place.€€TheÐ ,| Ðappellant€obtained€the€keys€to€the€locks€on€the€doors,€handed€the€keys€to€Bryant,€and€instructedÐ e ÐBryant€to€let€Officer€Smith€out€of€the€house.€€Ð þN ÐÌà  àOfficer€Smith€took€the€keys€from€Bryant€and€unlocked€the€doors,€allowing€the€takedownÐ Ð!   Ðteam€to€come€into€the€house.€€The€takedown€team€entered€the€residence,€shouting,€ð ðPolice,€police,Ð ¹" ! Ðpolice€officers,€youððre€under€arrest,€everybody€down.ðð€€The€appellant,€Bryant,€and€Officer€Smith€layÐ ¢#ò" Ðon€the€floor€of€the€living€room€and€were€handcuffed.€€While€walking€through€the€rooms,€the€officersÐ ‹$Û# Ðobserved€the€bag€of€cocaine€on€the€kitchen€counter.€€Additionally,€on€the€counter€near€the€cocaineÐ t%Ä $ Ðthey€saw€a€bag€containing€a€substance€which€appeared€to€be€marijuana.€€Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àOfficer€Israel€Taylor€and€Lieutenant€Lawrence€Jamison€took€the€appellant€into€a€bedroomÐ /(#' Ðto€isolate€him€from€other€officers.€€While€in€the€bedroom,€the€officers€requested€permission€to€searchÐ )h$( Ðthe€appellantððs€house.€€The€appellant,€appearing€to€understand€the€request,€signed€a€consent€to€searchÐ *Q%) Ðform.€€During€the€subsequent€search,€police€discovered€several€additional€bags€of€marijuanaÐ ê*:&* Ðthroughout€the€house.€€Ð Ó+#'+ Їà  àThe€substances€found€in€the€appellantððs€home€were€sent€to€the€Tennessee€Bureau€ofÐ ° ÐInvestigation€(TBI)€crime€laboratory€for€testing.€€Agent€Dana€Rose,€the€TBI€forensic€scientist€whoÐ ™é Ðtested€the€substances,€concluded€that€the€white€powder€was€indeed€cocaine€and€the€plant€materialÐ ‚Ò Ðwas€indeed€marijuana.€€The€total€weight€of€the€cocaine€was€459.9€grams,€and€the€total€weight€of€theÐ k» Ðmarijuana€was€472.6€grams.€€Ð T¤ ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€proof,€the€jury€found€the€appellant€guilty€of€possessing€300€gramsÐ & v Ðor€more€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell,€possessing€300€grams€or€more€of€cocaine€with€the€intentÐ  _ Ðto€deliver,€and€two€counts€of€possession€of€marijuana.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€appellant€toÐ ø H Ðfifteen€years€incarceration€for€the€cocaine€offenses€and€eleven€months€and€twenty„nine€days€for€theÐ á 1  Ðmarijuana€offenses.€€Additionally,€the€trial€court€ordered€that€the€sentences€be€served€concurrently.€Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€appellant€questions€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€his€motion€to€suppress€theÐ œì  Ðcontraband€seized€from€his€home,€and€he€challenges€the€application€of€Rule€41(g)€of€the€TennesseeÐ …Õ  ÐRules€of€Criminal€Procedure.Ð n¾  ÐÌà@êê$ìàòòò òII.€€Analysisóóó óˆÐ @ ÐÌà@IIìàA.€€Motion€to€SuppressˆÐ c ÐÌà  àÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔIn€reviewing€a€trial€courtððs€determinations€regarding€a€suppression€hearing,€ð ð[q]uestions€ofÐ å5 Ðcredibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€and€resolution€of€conflicts€in€theÐ Î Ðevidence€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€trial€judge€as€the€trier€of€fact.ðð€€òòState€v.€Odomòòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽa (#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€928€S.W.2d€18,Ð · Ð23€(Tenn.€1996).Ô#†XƒX XXŽa¤)#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€€Thus,€ð ða€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€in€a€suppression€hearing€will€be€upheldÐ  ð Ðunless€the€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.ðð€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa*#ÔòòòòóóóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€òòÔ#†XƒX XXŽa+#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔId.óóÔ#†XƒX XXŽaK+#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€€Nevertheless,€appellate€courts€will€review€theÐ ‰Ù Ðtrial€courtððs€application€of€law€to€the€facts€purely€de€novo.€€òòSeeóóÔ#†XƒX XXŽa“+#ÔòòÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€òòóóState€v.€Waltonòòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽah,#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€41€S.W.3d€75,€81Ð r Ð(Tenn.€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaÊ,#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ2001).€€Furthermore,€the€State,€as€the€prevailing€party,€is€ð ðentitled€to€the€strongest€legitimateÔ#†XƒX XXŽa9-#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔÐ [« Ðview€of€the€evidence€adduced€at€the€suppression€hearing€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÐ D” Ðinferences€that€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.ðð€€òòOdomóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€23.Ô#†XƒX XXŽaß-#Ô€€Ô‡XŽa XXXƒÔMoreover,€we€note€thatÐ -} Ðð ðin€evaluating€the€correctness€of€a€trial€courtððs€ruling€on€a€pretrial€motion€to€suppress,€appellateÐ f Ðcourts€may€consider€the€proof€adduced€both€at€the€suppression€hearing€and€at€trial.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð ÿO ÐHenningóó,€975€S.W.2d€290,€299€(Tenn.€1998).Ô#†XƒX XXŽaÿ.#ÔÐ è 8 ÐÌà  àIn€denying€the€appellantððs€motion€to€suppress,€the€trial€court€noted€that€the€only€factualÐ º" ! Ðreference€in€the€appellantððs€motion€to€suppress€provided€that€ð ðððentry€was€made€and€alleged€evidenceÐ £#ó" Ðseized€in€violation€of€the€laws.ðððð€€Nevertheless,€the€trial€court€allowed€a€hearing€to€proceed€on€theÐ Œ$Ü# Ðmotion€to€suppress.€€The€trial€court€noted,€ð ðIt€was€extremely€difficult€to€determine€exactly€what€theÐ u%Å $ Ðdefense€was€objecting€to,€but€apparently,€the€complaint€had€to€do€with€a€search€without€a€warrantÐ ^&®!% Ðand€whether€the€consent€to€search€was€voluntarily€signed€by€the€[appellant].ðð€€Given€the€nature€ofÐ G'—"& Ðthe€appellantððs€briefs,€we€are€faced€with€the€same€dilemma€as€the€trial€court;€i.e.,€discerning€fromÐ 0(€#' Ða€quagmire€of€legal€verbiage€the€exact€nature€of€the€appellantððs€complaints.€€From€our€review€of€theÐ )i$( Ðrecord,€it€appears€that€the€trial€court€succinctly€summarized€the€appellantððs€complaints.€Ð *R%) ÐAccordingly,€we€will€first€address€the€warrantless€entry€into€the€appellantððs€home.Ð ë*;&* ÐÐ Ô+$'+ ÐÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔà  àÔ#†XƒX XXŽa}5#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔBoth€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaË5#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔthe€Fourth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€Section€7€of€theÐ ° ÐTennessee€Constitution€provide€protection€for€citizens€against€ð ðunreasonable€searches€andÐ ™é Ðseizures.ðð׃×Ý ƒŽ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa6#ÔÔ% ‡‘ ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔGenerally,€a€warrantless€search€is€considered€presumptively€unreasonable,€thus€violativeÐ ‚Ò Ðof€constitutional€protections.€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaŸ7#ÔòòÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€òòóóSeeòòóó€òòóóState€v.€Walkeròòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽap8#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€12€S.W.3d€460,€467€(Tenn.€2000).€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaâ8#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaF9#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔIn€the€instantÐ k» Ðcase,€it€is€undisputed€that€the€police€did€not€have€a€warrant€to€search€the€appellantððs€home.€Ð T¤ ÐÔ#†XƒX XXŽa‰9#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔÔ%†‘’7ÔHowever,€a€warrantless€search€and€seizure€may€be€reasonable€if€it€falls€within€the€limited€exceptionsÐ =  Ðto€the€warrant€requirement.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Yearganóó,€958€S.W.2d€626,€629€(Tenn.€1997).€€Ð & v ÐÌà  àÔ#†XƒX XXŽad:#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔSpecifically,€our€supreme€court€has€noted€that,€ð ð[i]t€is,€of€course,€well€settled€that€one€of€theÐ ø H Ðexceptions€to€the€warrant€requirement€is€a€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaµ;#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔsearch€conducted€pursuant€to€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa›<#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔconsent.ðð€€Ô#†XƒX XXŽaú<#ÔòòÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔòòóóState€v.€Bartramòòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽaM=#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔÐ á 1  Ð925€S.W.2d€227,€230€(Tenn.€1996)€(citing€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa¯=#ÔòòÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔòòóóSchneckloth€v.€Bustamonteòòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽa2>#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€412€U.S.€218,€219,€93€S.€Ct.Ð Ê   Ð2041,€2043„2044€(1973),€and€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa>#ÔòòÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔòòóóState€v.€Jacksonòòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽa0?#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€889€S.W.2d€219,€221€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)).€Ð ³  ÐGenerally,€consent€may€be€given€ð ðeither€by€the€individual€whose€property€is€searched€or€by€a€thirdÐ œì  Ðparty€who€possesses€common€authority€over€the€premises.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ellisóó,€89€S.W.3d€584,€592Ð …Õ  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000)€(citations€omitted).€€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa’?#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔð ðThe€sufficiency€of€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa:A#ÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔconsent€depends€largely€upon€theÐ n¾  Ðfacts€and€circumstances€in€a€particular€case.ðð€€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa“A#ÔòòÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔòòóóJacksonòòóó,Ô#†XƒX XXŽa@B#ÔóóÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔ€889€S.W.2d€at€221.€€The€prosecution€bearsÐ W§  Ðthe€Ô% ‡ ÔÔ#†XƒX XXŽa™B#ÔÔ%†ûBÔÔ‡XŽa XXXƒÔburden€of€proving€that€the€appellant€freely€and€voluntarily€gave€Ô#†XƒX XXŽa