ÿWPCÖ àÌÒl’kbf’ibrïÄD¨/©Ík®**<zÁV úž3 ˜ÔØAf*µñqƒ®flqnBváú%K5…,OßNê““Ùv~+”Ý$(sàô/—8:®iÁSi6Ž¦]á‘eÔ€ÃÉý¦‘ð^ôõâ>âÝɆ÷âˆR¸ NúiÄZ(h ¬é nƒù?%KyR†õÿiÈ•‘…Àl•9eoŽ„ôQð^TŽ¼û^¾¹>¼º¦3_<×£C œ9‘áÏÛ+°FäsEeÎMë=Ø :ú@é’åøã1¹˜¶b÷]^9ƒxêiöêá×ìÇ!žƒé ˆ¡v,Ô9XõÌØÑpçM?•Ðñ™Ô@9ö’e÷0e2bÓ¦¨*Ÿ}<:-þ9ÁŠÆ}~éêÐà­y;QÓxÝwÔJµ2ÇäÊ÷]f»®ÔÏrC¯¤zèT×>mµÖA;e˜XE¡0ùPz™Ú—ß¼–«–Kc¦æ= .ŠF~¿ ôŠµÏáËÿ"P# {Qw&g´¥ñfºíOV,ý4‘]ßc1"Ìa.°Ý ¹ ¶íu³†­•.Ÿ6§„iºÍ¬Öà ˜UH=R’÷뛨ía(E????????????????????????bAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAA I [ Pq ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ 0ëÓÓÓÓ B¾¾ 0¤Û D3 D-² 0Kßß AS*Æ} 0¤C 0Dç A«+˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6ÒV,,,,ÒV0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularÕ´/Ï  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptlk.ê:i¢×+003|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ô\  `&Times New Roman- ù-ÿÿSDU_47ÿÿStarPageÿÿciteas((Cite as: 79 S.W.3d 458, *467)ÿÿSDU_48(|G2µí$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€‰á»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô´ò»»Ô d(|3$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€‰á»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€‰á»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€‰á»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼‰á»»»ÔÑ8€ÍXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îz6‰áÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼‰á»îîz6 #ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àOctober€14,€2003€SessionÐ öF ÐÔ‡XÍX»¼‰áÔÌò òÔ#†¼‰á»XXÍ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€PHILLIP€M.€MULLINSòòóóÔ‡XÍX»¼‰áÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Putnam€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€99„0599€€€€€Leon€Burns,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2002„02977„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€December€29,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X1.XXXÍÔà  àThe€defendant€was€indicted€by€a€Putnam€County€Grand€Jury€for€one€count€of€first€degreeÐ V¦  Ðmurder,€one€count€of€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€one€count€of€especially€aggravated€burglary.€Ð ? ÐOn€September€18,€2000,€the€State€filed€a€Notice€of€Intent€to€Seek€Punishment€of€Imprisonment€forÐ (x ÐLife€Without€Possibility€of€Parole.€€The€Grand€Jury€later€returned€a€Superceding€IndictmentÐ a Ðincluding€charges€of€First€Degree€Felony€Murder,€First€Degree€Premeditated€Murder,€EspeciallyÐ úJ ÐAggravated€Robbery€and€Especially€Aggravated€Burglary.€€At€trial,€the€trial€court€reduced€theÐ ã3 Ðpremeditated€first€degree€murder€count€to€second€degree€murder€for€consideration€by€the€jury.€€AtÐ Ì Ðthe€conclusion€of€the€trial,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€felony€murder,€second€degree€murder,Ð µ Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery€and€especially€aggravated€burglary,€and€immediately€sentenced€theÐ žî Ðdefendant€to€life€without€parole€on€the€first€degree€felony€murder€count.€€The€trial€court€merged€theÐ ‡× Ðdefendantððs€second€degree€murder€conviction€into€the€first€degree€felony€murder€conviction€andÐ pÀ Ðsentenced€the€defendant€to€twenty„five€(25)€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€convictionÐ Y© Ðand€to€twelve€(12)€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€burglary€conviction.€€The€trial€court€ran€theÐ B’ Ðtwenty„five€(25)€year€sentence€consecutive€to€the€life€without€parole€sentence€and€ran€the€twelveÐ +{ Ð(12)€year€sentence€concurrent€to€the€twenty„five€(25)€year€sentence.€€The€defendant€appeals€fromÐ d Ðthe€trial€court€based€on€four€issues:€(1)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€instructing€the€jury;€(2)Ð ýM Ðwhether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€establish€the€defendantððs€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt;Ð æ 6  Ð(3)€whether€the€Tennessee€sentencing€scheme€for€life€imprisonment€without€parole€isÐ Ï!! Ðunconstitutional€if€the€aggravating€circumstances,€contained€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÐ ¸"" Ð39„13„204,€are€not€part€of€the€indictment;€and€(4)€whether€the€Tennessee€sentencing€scheme€for€lifeÐ ¡#ñ# Ðimprisonment€without€parole€is€unconstitutional.€€We€find€these€issues€do€not€merit€a€reversal€of€thisÐ Š$Ú$ Ðconviction€and€affirm€the€trial€court.Ð s%à % ÐÔ#†XÍXXX1.©#ÔÔ‡X1.XXXÍÔÔ#†¼` »XX1.Š#ÔÔ‡X1.X »¼`ÔÌÔ#†XÍXXX1.Ð#ÔÔ#†¼‰á»XXÍ#ÔÔ‡XÍX»¼‰áÔÌÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ )g$) ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼‰á»àXÍx#ÔÔ‡XÍX.¼‰áÔJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô€óóand€òòRobertÐ ê*:&+ ÐW.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ó+#', ÐÌJohn€E.€Ô_ÔAppmanÔ_Ô,€Jamestown,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Phillip€M.€Mullins.Ð ¥-õ(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡Paul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Kim€R.€Helper,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€BillÐ ° ÐGibson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€David€A.€Patterson,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ ™é Ðthe€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌÓÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼‰á»XXÍF#ÔÐ =  ÐÌòòóóÓ  ÓòòÔ€XÍX»¼‰áÔà@ìì*ìàóóˆÌò òòòÔ‡X1.XXXÍÔà@!ìàFactual€Backgroundóóó óˆÐ  p ÐÌà  àOn€August€17,€1999,€Diana€McCloud€picked€up€her€mother,€Vernell€Dixon,€the€victim,Ð ó C  Ðbetween€10:00€a.m.€and€11:00€a.m.€for€a€day€of€shopping.€€Mrs.€McCloud€dropped€her€mother€offÐ Ü,  Ðat€her€home€between€3:00€p.m.€and€4:00€p.m.€€Mrs.€McCloud€spoke€with€her€mother€by€phone€atÐ Å  Ð6:00€p.m.€that€night.€€The€victimððs€granddaughter„in„law,€Beverly€Dixon,€spoke€with€the€victim€byÐ ®þ  Ðtelephone€around€7:00€p.m.€€Ms.€Dixon€then€went€by€the€victimððs€house€at€6:20€a.m.€on€August€18,Ð —ç  Ð1999€to€pick€up€a€letter€they€had€discussed€the€previous€evening.€€When€she€knocked€on€the€door,Ð €Ð  Ðthe€victim€did€not€answer,€and€Ms.€Dixon€assumed€she€was€still€asleep.Ð i¹ ÐÌà  àOn€the€morning€of€August€18,€Mrs.€McCloudððs€husband€went€to€make€some€house€repairsÐ ;‹ Ðat€the€victimððs€house.€€He€called€Mrs.€McCloud€from€the€victimððs€house€to€tell€her€something€wasÐ $t Ðwrong€with€the€victim€and€to€call€911.€€Both€Mr.€And€Mrs.€McCloud€were€at€the€victimððs€houseÐ  ] Ðwhen€the€paramedics€arrived€around€10:00€a.m.€€After€entering€through€the€front€door,€theÐ öF Ðparamedics€found€the€victim€in€the€front€bedroom.€€The€victim€was€on€her€bed,€with€her€clothesÐ ß/ Ðpulled€up€and€abrasions€on€her€face.€€She€was€motionless€and€not€breathing.€€Ð È ÐÌà  àThe€Cookeville€Police€Department€and€a€team€of€forensic€scientists€from€the€TennesseeÐ šê ÐBureau€of€Investigation€(ð ðTBIðð)€came€to€the€crime€scene€to€gather€evidence.€€Ð ƒÓ ÐÌà  àIn€December€of€1999,€the€Putnam€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€defendant,€Phillip€M.Ð U¥ ÐMullins,€with€one€count€of€first€degree€murder,€one€count€of€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€oneÐ >Ž Ðcount€of€especially€aggravated€burglary.€€On€September€18,€2000,€the€State€filed€a€Notice€of€Intent€Ð ' w Ðto€Seek€Punishment€of€Imprisonment€for€Life€Without€Possibility€of€Parole.€€In€the€Notice,€the€StateÐ !` Ðrelied€upon€two€aggravating€circumstances:€(1)€the€defendant€had€been€previously€convicted€of€oneÐ ù!I  Ð(1)€or€more€felonies,€other€than€the€present€charge,€whose€statutory€elements€involve€the€use€ofÐ â"2! Ðviolence€to€the€person,€and€(2)€the€victim€of€the€murder€was€seventy€(70)€years€of€age€or€older.Ð Ë#" ÐÌà  àThe€Grand€Jury€later€returned€a€Superceding€Indictment€on€January€16,€2001.€€ThisÐ %í $ Ðindictment€included€charges€of€First€Degree€Felony€Murder,€First€Degree€Premeditated€Murder,Ð †&Ö!% ÐEspecially€Aggravated€Robbery€and€Especially€Aggravated€Burglary.€€The€defendant€went€to€trialÐ o'¿"& Ðon€October€17,€2001.€€After€the€Stateððs€proof,€the€trial€court€granted€the€defendantððs€motion€forÐ X(¨#' Ðjudgment€of€acquittal€on€the€premeditated€murder€count€and€reduced€the€charge€to€second€degreeÐ A)‘$( Ðmurder€before€giving€the€case€to€the€jury€for€its€deliberations.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€trial,€the€juryÐ **z%) Ðâ âconvicted€the€defendant€of€felony€murder,€second€degree€murder,€especially€aggravated€robbery€andÐ +c&* Ðespecially€aggravated€burglary.€€The€jury€immediately€sentenced€the€defendant€to€life€without€paroleÐ ° Ðon€the€first€degree€felony€murder€count.€€Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àOn€February€13,€2002,€the€trial€court€held€a€separate€sentencing€hearing€for€the€other€threeÐ k» Ðcounts.€€The€trial€court€ordered€the€defendantððs€second€degree€murder€conviction€to€be€merged€intoÐ T¤ Ðthe€first€degree€felony€murder€conviction.€€Then€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€to€twenty„Ð =  Ðfive€(25)€years€for€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€conviction€and€to€twelve€(12)€years€for€theÐ & v Ðespecially€aggravated€burglary€conviction.€€The€trial€court€ran€the€twenty„five€(25)€year€sentenceÐ  _ Ðconsecutive€to€the€life€without€parole€sentence€and€ran€the€twelve€(12)€year€sentence€concurrent€toÐ ø H Ðthe€twenty„five€(25)€year€sentence.Ð á 1  Ðà  àòòò ò¹Ó  ÓJury€Instructionsó óóóÐ ´  ÐÓ,%ÓÌà  àThe€defendant€first€argues€that€the€trial€courtððs€instructions€to€the€jury€were€error.€€TheÐ ‡×  Ðdefendant€specifically€questions€the€trial€courtððs€following€instructions:Ð pÀ  ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÌà ` àIt€is€not€necessary€that€each€particular€fact€should€be€proved€beyond€aÐ B’ Ðreasonable€doubt€if€enough€facts€are€proved€to€satisfy€the€jury€beyond€a€reasonableÐ +{ Ðdoubt€of€all€the€facts€necessary€to€constitute€the€crime€charged.Ð d ÐÓ Xd&ÓÓ XV&ÓÌThe€defendant€argues€that€this€instruction€violates€his€constitutional€rights€because€he€claims€thatÐ æ6 Ðeach€fact€or€element€must€be€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€He€argues€that€this€part€of€theÐ Ï Ðinstruction€negates€the€requirement€of€proof€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€each€of€the€elements€ofÐ ¸ Ða€crime.Ð ¡ñ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€has€a€duty€to€ð ðgive€a€complete€charge€of€the€law€applicable€to€the€facts€of€aÐ sà Ðcase.ðð€€òòState€v.€Harbisonóó,€704€S.W.2d€314,€319€(Tenn.€1986);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€30.€€ð ð[The]Ð \¬ Ðdefendant€has€a€constitutional€right€to€a€correct€and€complete€charge€of€the€law.ðð€€òòState€v.€Teelóó,€793Ð E• ÐS.W.2d€236,€249€(Tenn.€1990).€€However,€the€jury€instruction€must€be€reviewed€in€the€context€ofÐ .~ Ðthe€overall€charge€rather€than€in€isolation.€€òòSeeóó€òòSandstrom€v.€Montanaóó,€442€U.S.€510€(1979);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóóÐ g ÐòòState€v.€Phippsóó,€883€S.W.2d€138,€142€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Erroneous€jury€instructions€requireÐ  P Ða€reversal,€unless€the€error€is€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòWelch€v.€Stateóó,€836€S.W.2dÐ é 9 Ð586€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€Ð Ò!"  ÐÌà  àThe€instruction€that€the€defendant€complains€of€is€one€included€in€the€Tennessee€Pattern€JuryÐ ¤#ô" ÐInstructions.€€òòSeeóó€T.P.I.€42.03€(5òòthóó€ed.).€€Immediately€before€this€instruction,€the€trial€court€charged:Ð $Ý# ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÌWhen€the€evidence€is€made€up€entirely€of€circumstantial€evidence,€then€before€youÐ _&¯!% Ðwould€be€justified€in€finding€the€defendant€guilty,€you€must€find€that€all€of€theÐ H'˜"& Ðessential€facts€are€consistent€with€the€hypothesis€of€guilt€as€that€is€to€be€comparedÐ 1(#' Ðwith€the€facts€proved.€€The€facts€must€exclude€every€other€reasonable€theory€orÐ )j$( Ðhypothesis€except€that€of€guilt,€and€the€facts€must€establish€such€a€certainty€of€guiltÐ *S%) Ðof€the€defendant€as€to€convince€the€mind€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€theÐ ì*<&* Ðdefendant€is€the€one€who€committed€the€offense.Ð Õ+%'+ ÐÓ X%.ÓÓ X.ÓÌIn€another€part€of€the€instructions,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€that€ð ð[t]he€State€must€proveÐ ™é Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€all€of€the€elements€of€the€crime€charged€and€that€it€was€committed€beforeÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€finding€and€returning€of€the€indictment€in€this€case.ðð€€After€defining€each€of€the€crimes€charged,Ð k» Ðas€well€as€the€lesser„included€offenses,€the€trial€court€again€instructed€the€jury€that€to€find€theÐ T¤ Ðdefendant€guilty,€ð ðthe€State€must€have€proven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€the€existence€of€theÐ =  Ðfollowing€essential€elements€.€.€.€.ððÐ & v ÐÌà  àOur€supreme€court€faced€an€identical€issue€in€òòState€v.€Baneóó,€853€S.W.2d€483€(Tenn.€1993).€Ð ø H ÐThe€defendant€in€òòBaneóó€also€complained€that€the€trial€judge€instructed€the€jury€that€they€did€not€needÐ á 1  Ðto€find€each€particular€fact€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòBaneóó,€853€S.W.2d€at€487.€€TheÐ Ê   Ðcircumstantial€evidence€instructions€given€by€the€trial€court€in€òòBaneóó,€are€the€same€instructions€basedÐ ³  Ðupon€the€Pattern€Jury€Instructions,€given€by€the€trial€court€in€this€case.€€In€òòBaneóó,€the€supreme€courtÐ œì  Ðheld€that€€these€instructions€were€an€accurate€statement€of€the€law€and,€therefore,€there€was€no€errorÐ …Õ  Ðin€instructing€the€jury€in€this€way.€€òòId.óó€at€488.Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€in€this€case€relies€upon€òòApprendi€v.€New€Jerseyóó,€530€U.S.€466€(2000)€andÐ @ ÐòòRing€v.€Arizonaóó,€536€U.S.€584€(2002)€to€support€his€argument.€€He€states€that€these€two€casesÐ )y Ðinterpreted€the€United€States€Constitution€to€ð ðmandate€that€each€fact€or€element,€which€is€a€conditionÐ b Ðto€the€imposition€of€a€sentence,€must€be€decided€by€a€jury€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€His€readingÐ ûK Ðof€€òòApprendióó€and€òòRingóó€are€correct.€€However,€these€cases€are€not€applicable€to€the€issue€at€hand.€Ð ä4 ÐThese€cases€addressed€the€situation€when€a€trial€court€sentences€a€defendant€by€applying€additionalÐ Í Ðaggravating€circumstances€in€the€sentencing€phase€that€have€not€been€determined€by€the€jury€beyondÐ ¶ Ða€reasonable€doubt.€€These€cases€do€not€require€that€every€discrete€fact€in€a€criminal€prosecution€beÐ Ÿï Ðproven€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€It€is€only€necessary€that€every€element€of€the€offense€be€provenÐ ˆØ Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð qÁ Ðà  àFor€these€reasons,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð Zª ÐÌÌòòò òÓ  ÓSufficiency€of€the€Evidenceó óóóÐ e ÐÓµ;ÓÌà  àThe€defendantððs€next€issue€is€whether€there€was€sufficient€evidence€to€convict€the€defendant.€Ð è 8 ÐThe€defendant€argues€that€there€was€no€proof€that€the€defendant€was€at€the€victimððs€house€when€sheÐ Ñ!!  Ðsuffocated,€that€the€defendant€suffocated€her,€that€there€was€no€proof€that€the€defendant€took€anyÐ º" ! Ðproperty€from€the€victim,€or€that€the€defendant€entered€the€victimððs€house.€€Ð £#ó" ÐÌà  àWhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€is€obliged€to€reviewÐ u%Å $ Ðthat€claim€according€to€certain€well-settled€principles.€A€verdict€of€guilty,€rendered€by€a€jury€andÐ ^&®!% Ðð ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€theðð€stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€allÐ G'—"& Ðconflicts€in€the€testimony€in€favor€of€the€state.€€€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€259€(Tenn.€1994);€Ð 0(€#' ÐòòState€v.€Harrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€54,€75€(Tenn.€1992).€€Thus,€although€the€accused€is€originally€cloakedÐ )i$( Ðwith€a€presumption€of€innocence,€the€jury€verdict€of€guilty€removes€this€presumption€ð ðand€replacesÐ *R%) Ðit€with€one€of€guilt.ðð€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€Hence,€on€appeal,€theÐ ë*;&* Ðburden€of€proof€rests€with€the€defendant€to€demonstrate€the€insufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€Ð Ô+$'+ ÐòòId.óó€€The€relevant€question€the€reviewing€court€must€answer€is€whether€any€rational€trier€of€fact€couldÐ ° Ðhave€found€the€accused€guilty€of€every€element€of€the€offense€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ™é ÐR.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòHarrisóó,€839€S.W.2d€at€75.€In€making€this€decision,€we€are€to€accord€the€state€ð ðtheÐ ‚Ò Ðstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€mayÐ k» Ðbe€drawn€therefrom.ðð€òòSeeóó€òòTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€As€such,€this€Court€is€precluded€from€re„Ð T¤ Ðweighing€or€reconsidering€the€evidence€when€evaluating€the€convicting€proof.€€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€929Ð =  ÐS.W.2d€380,€383€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996);€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð & v ÐApp.€1990).€Moreover,€we€may€not€substitute€our€own€ð ðinferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€ofÐ  _ Ðfact€from€circumstantial€evidence.ðð€òòMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€779.Ð ø H ÐÌà  àThe€evidence€when€taken€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State€is€as€follows.€€DianaÐ Ê   ÐMcCloud,€the€victimððs€daughter,€testified€that€she€picked€her€mother€up€between€10:00€a.m.€andÐ ³  Ð12:00€p.m.€on€August€17,€1999€to€go€shopping.€€They€returned€to€the€victimððs€house€between€3:00Ð œì  Ðp.m.€and€4:00€p.m.€€She€spoke€with€the€victim€by€telephone€later€that€evening€at€6:00€p.m.€€TheÐ …Õ  Ðvictimððs€granddaughter„in„law,€Beverly€Dixon,€also€spoke€with€the€victim€around€7:00€p.m.€€TheyÐ n¾  Ðmade€plans€for€her€granddaughter„in„law€to€pick€up€a€letter€from€the€victim€to€mail.€€When€she€wentÐ W§  Ðby€the€victimððs€house€at€6:20€a.m.€on€August€18,€the€victim€did€not€answer.€€So,€her€granddaughter„Ð @ Ðin„law€thought€the€victim€was€still€asleep.€€Later€that€morning,€Mrs.€McCloudððs€husband€went€to€fixÐ )y Ðsomething€at€the€victimððs€house.€€He€called€Mrs.€McCloud€about€10:00€a.m.€on€August€18€to€tell€herÐ b Ðto€call€911€because€he€thought€something€was€wrong€with€the€victim.€€The€victim€did€not€have€anyÐ ûK Ðsort€of€relationship€with€the€defendant,€and€he€had€never€been€in€the€victimððs€house.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àChris€Westmoreland€of€the€Cookeville€Police€Department€testified€that€he€arrived€at€theÐ ¶ Ðvictimððs€house€shortly€after€10:00€a.m.€in€response€to€the€911€call.€€He€found€the€victim€in€the€frontÐ Ÿï Ðbedroom€of€her€house€lying€in€bed€motionless.€€Her€clothes€were€pulled€up,€and€there€were€abrasionsÐ ˆØ Ðon€her€face.€€Ð qÁ ÐÌà  àDetective€Sergeant€David€Gragg€of€the€Cookeville€Police€Department€arrived€shortly€afterÐ C“ ÐOfficer€Westmoreland.€€Detective€Gragg€stated€that€the€victimððs€house€had€been€ransacked.€€SeveralÐ ,| Ðpieces€of€jewelry€and€the€victimððs€wallet€were€scattered€on€the€front€bedroom€floor.€€The€wallet€didÐ e Ðnot€contain€any€money.€€The€victimððs€daughter€and€granddaughter„in„law€both€stated€that€the€victimÐ þN Ðusually€kept€$20.00€to€$40.00€in€this€wallet.€€Dresser€drawers€were€pulled€out€and€had€obviouslyÐ ç 7 Ðbeen€rifled€through.€€€€The€Cookeville€Police€found€the€victimððs€purse€behind€the€bed€after€theÐ Ð!   ÐTennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(ð ðTBIðð)€left.€€The€purse€had€around€$2,000.00€in€it€and€wasÐ ¹" ! Ðreturned€to€the€family.Ð ¢#ò" ÐÌà  àDetective€Gragg€also€stated€that€the€screen€to€the€victimððs€back€door€had€been€cut€or€torn€outÐ t%Ä $ Ðand€the€hook€and€eye€closure€had€been€ripped€out.€€In€addition,€Detective€Gragg€stated€that€the€backÐ ]&­!% Ðdoor€had€been€forced€open€as€if€someone€had€used€their€shoulder€to€open€the€door.€€There€€wereÐ F'–"& Ðobvious€shoulder€prints€where€the€door€had€been€hit€at€least€twice€by€someoneððs€shoulder.€€DetectiveÐ /(#' ÐGragg€noticed€that€the€victimððs€house€was€located€about€800€feet€from€a€bar€named€ð ðJohnððs€Place.ððÐ )h$( ÐÌà  àDetective€Gragg€stated€that€the€victim€was€lying€on€the€bed€in€her€front€bedroom.€€A€slat€ofÐ ê*:&* Ðthe€bed€had€been€broken€out€of€the€bed.€€It€looked€as€if€someone€had€tried€to€get€the€victimððsÐ Ó+#'+ Ðwedding€band€off€of€her€hand.€€The€victimððs€granddaughter„in„law€testified€that€the€victimððsÐ ° Ðwedding€band€which€consisted€of€a€gold€band€and€a€marquis„shaped€diamond€were€missing€fromÐ ™é Ðthe€victimððs€finger.€€Detective€Gragg€also€stated€that€the€victimððs€clothes€were€pulled€up,€and€herÐ ‚Ò Ðbreast€was€partially€exposed€as€if€her€bra€had€been€pulled€up.€€Ð k» ÐÌà  àDetective€Gragg€first€had€contact€with€the€defendant€around€11:15€p.m.€on€August€18€at€theÐ =  ÐCriminal€Justice€center€after€the€defendantððs€arrest.€€The€defendant€gave€his€shoes€to€an€officer€atÐ & v Ðthat€time.€€The€defendant€was€wearing€a€black€sleeveless€t„shirt€when€the€police€arrested€him.€€TheÐ  _ Ðdefendant€had€less€than€$5.00€when€he€was€arrested€and€did€not€have€any€kind€of€a€ring€with€him.€Ð ø H ÐÌà  àDr.€Sullivan€Smith€is€the€Putnam€County€Medical€Examiner.€€He€did€not€do€an€autopsy€ofÐ Ê   Ðthe€victim,€but€did€assign€a€cause€and€manner€of€death.€€He€determined€that€the€victim€was€eighty„Ð ³  Ðseven€(87)€years€old€at€the€time€of€death.€€The€official€cause€of€death€was€suffocation.€€Dr.€SmithÐ œì  Ðdetermined€that€the€time€of€death€was€around€11:00€p.m.€on€August€17.€€The€doctor€believes€that€theÐ …Õ  Ðabrasions€on€the€victimððs€face€were€from€her€face€moving€across€the€bed€sheets,€which€wereÐ n¾  Ðprobably€used€to€suffocate€her.€€The€doctor€did€find€blood€on€the€bed€sheets.€€Ð W§  ÐÌà  àSandy€Evans€is€a€TBI€agent€who€works€in€trace€evidence€or€microanalysis.€€She€mainly€dealsÐ )y Ðwith€fibers,€paint,€glass,€shoe€and€tire€tracks€comparison,€and€gunshot€residue.€€She€arrived€at€theÐ b Ðcrime€scene€around€12:45€p.m.€€Agent€Evans€took€carpet€samples€to€compare€to€any€fibers€collectedÐ ûK Ðfrom€a€suspectððs€clothing.€€At€the€crime€scene,€she€also€found€shoe€tracks€outside€the€victimððs€houseÐ ä4 Ðand€in€the€dust€inside€one€of€the€bedrooms.€€She€was€able€to€make€good€castings€from€these€tracks.€Ð Í ÐShe€could€not€say€how€long€the€tracks€had€been€there,€but€the€shoe€tracks€were€in€powdery€dirt,€notÐ ¶ Ðmud,€so€any€wind€or€rain€would€have€destroyed€the€tracks.€€Agent€Evans€also€found€several€shoeÐ Ÿï Ðprints€in€the€victimððs€back€bedroom.€€There€were€seven€(7)€tread€designs,€but€one€design€was€veryÐ ˆØ Ðprevalent.€€She€also€made€castings€of€these€prints.€€She€received€the€defendantððs€clothing€and€shoesÐ qÁ Ðaround€11:40€a.m.€€At€this€time,€she€compared€the€castings€and€the€shoes€and€found€that€three€printsÐ Zª Ðin€the€victimððs€back€bedroom€were€made€by€the€defendantððs€right€shoe,€a€newspaper€that€was€pushedÐ C“ Ðup€against€the€backdoor€also€had€a€partial€print€that€matched€the€defendantððs€right€shoe.€€The€outsideÐ ,| Ðcastings€also€matched€the€defendantððs€shoes.Ð e ÐÌà  àRobert€McFadden€is€also€a€TBI€agent.€€Agent€McFadden€specializes€in€latent€prints€such€asÐ ç 7 Ðfinger€prints,€palm€prints,€etc.€€He€went€to€the€crime€scene€with€Agent€Evans.€€He€found€fingerprintsÐ Ð!   Ðat€the€crime€scene,€but€was€unable€to€match€any.€€He€also€found€latent€shoulder€prints€on€the€glassÐ ¹" ! Ðof€the€back€door.€€Agent€McFadden€stated€that€these€prints€were€bare„shouldered€prints€left€by€eitherÐ ¢#ò" Ðsomeone€wearing€a€sleeveless€shirt€or€no€shirt.€€He€measured€the€height€of€the€prints€at€fifty„nine€andÐ ‹$Û# Ða€half€inches€from€the€bottom€of€the€door€to€the€top€of€the€prints.€€He€believed€that€the€person€whoÐ t%Ä $ Ðmade€the€prints€had€to€have€been€over€five€feet,€eleven€inches€tall.Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àAnother€TBI€agent,€Linda€Lee€Littlejohn,€testified€on€behalf€of€the€State.€€Agent€LittlejohnÐ /(#' Ðspecializes€in€fiber€analysis€and€shoe€prints.€€She€compared€debris€collected€from€the€defendantððsÐ )h$( Ðclothing€to€the€carpet€samples€collected€by€Agent€Evans.€€She€concluded€that€the€debris€and€sampleÐ *Q%) Ðâ âcould€have€come€from€the€same€source.€€Five€fibers€in€both€the€debris€and€the€samples€wereÐ ê*:&* Ðconsistent€both€physically€and€optically.€€The€sample€from€the€victimððs€house€was€orange€shagÐ ° Ðcarpet.€€The€fibers€found€on€defendantððs€shirt€were€orange.Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àTwo€of€the€defendantððs€acquaintances,€Heather€Dutra€and€Chris€Dawson,€testified€as€to€theÐ k» Ðevents€of€August€17€and€18.€€Neither€Ms.€Dutra€or€Mr.€Dawson€had€known€the€defendant€for€moreÐ T¤ Ðthan€a€month€at€the€time€of€the€incident.€€The€afternoon€of€August€17,€the€defendant€arrived€at€theÐ =  Ðhouse€where€Ms.€Dutra€was€living€with€several€others.€€The€defendant,€Ms.€Dutra€and€a€few€othersÐ & v Ðrode€around€Cookeville€looking€for€a€place€to€purchase€some€crack€cocaine.€€The€group€droveÐ  _ Ðaround€and€smoked€crack€cocaine€until€about€5:00€p.m.€€When€the€money€ran€out,€they€then€wentÐ ø H Ðback€to€the€house€and€soon€ran€out€of€crack€cocaine.€€Ms.€Dutra€and€Mr.€Dawson€drove€theÐ á 1  Ðdefendant€to€Johnððs€Place€and€dropped€him€off€around€8:30€p.m.€€The€defendant€told€them€he€wantedÐ Ê   Ðto€get€more€money€when€they€dropped€him€off.€€They€were€to€pick€him€up€in€an€hour€or€an€hour€andÐ ³  Ða€half€behind€Johnððs€Place.€€They€returned€two€hours€later,€but€did€not€find€the€defendant.€€ShortlyÐ œì  Ðthereafter,€they€went€back€to€the€house.€€Around€2:00€a.m.,€Mr.€Dawson€woke€Ms.€Dutra€up€andÐ …Õ  Ðasked€to€use€her€car.€€Ms.€Dutra,€Mr.€Dawson€and€the€defendant€left€to€go€buy€more€crack€cocaine.€Ð n¾  ÐThe€defendant€had€on€a€black€tank€top€with€no€sleeves.€€Ms.€Dutra€and€Mr.€Dawson€went€with€theÐ W§  Ðdefendant€when€he€bought€the€drugs.€€They€both€saw€him€pull€money€and€a€ring€out€of€his€pocket.€Ð @ ÐBoth€Ms.€Dutra€and€Mr.€Dawson€described€the€ring€as€a€gold€band€with€a€marquis„shaped€diamond.€Ð )y ÐMr.€Dawson€testified€that€they€needed€$40€to€purchase€the€crack€cocaine,€but€the€defendant€only€hadÐ b Ð$20.€€A€woman€who€also€wanted€some€crack€cocaine€came€in€with€$20.€€The€defendant€and€theÐ ûK Ðwoman€then€pooled€their€money€to€buy€$40€worth€of€crack€cocaine.€€They€then€smoked€the€crackÐ ä4 Ðcocaine.Ð Í ÐÌà  àIn€this€case,€there€was€no€direct€evidence.€€All€of€the€evidence€was€circumstantial.€Ð Ÿï ÐCircumstantial€evidence€on€its€own,€may€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€In€òòState€v.Ð ˆØ ÐRichmondóó,€7€S.W.3d€90,€91€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999),€we€stated:Ð qÁ ÐÓ XÓÓ XÓÌ[T]he€circumstantial€evidence€ð ðððmust€be€not€only€consistent€with€the€guilt€of€theÐ C“ Ðaccused€but€it€must€also€be€inconsistent€with€his€[or€her]€innocence€and€must€excludeÐ ,| Ðevery€other€reasonable€theory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€guilt.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,Ð e Ð726€S.W.2d€896,€900€(Tenn.€1987)€(quoting€òòPruitt€v.€Stateóó,€3€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€256,Ð þN Ð267,€460€S.W.2d€385,€390€(1970)).€€In€this€way,€ð ðððit€must€establish€such€a€certaintyÐ ç 7 Ðof€guilt€of€the€accused€as€to€convince€the€mind€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€[theÐ Ð!   Ðdefendant]€is€the€one€who€committed€the€crime.ðððð€òòId.óó€at€896€(quoting€òòPruittóó,€3€Tenn.Ð ¹" ! ÐCrim.€App.€at€267,€460€S.W.2d€at€390).€€While€following€these€guidelines,€we€mustÐ ¢#ò" Ðnote€that€the€jury€decides€the€weight€to€be€given€to€circumstantial€evidence€and€thatÐ ‹$Û# Ðð ð[t]he€inferences€to€be€drawn€from€such€evidence,€and€the€extent€to€which€theÐ t%Ä $ Ðcircumstances€are€consistent€with€guilt€and€inconsistent€with€innocence,€areÐ ]&­!% Ðquestions€primarily€for€the€jury.ðð€€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€203€Tenn.€440,€452€313€S.W.2dÐ F'–"& Ð451,€457€(1958).Ð /(#' ÐÌÌÓ XjoÓÓ X\oÓòòState€v.€Richmondóó,€7€S.W.3d€at€91.Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  àThe€evidence€presented€at€trial€amply€establishes€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€aÐ ° Ðreasonable€doubt.€€The€defendantððs€acquaintances€left€him€at€Johnððs€Place,€which€is€a€mere€800€feetÐ ™é Ðfrom€the€victimððs€house,€at€8:30€p.m.€on€August€17.€€They€were€scheduled€to€pick€him€up€an€hourÐ ‚Ò Ðto€an€hour€and€a€half€later.€€This€would€be€at€9:30€p.m.€or€10:00€p.m.€€They€arrived€two€hours€later,Ð k» Ðwhich€would€be€10:30€and€did€not€find€the€defendant€at€Johnððs€Place.€€The€estimated€time€of€deathÐ T¤ Ðfor€the€victim€was€11:00€p.m.€€Footprints€from€the€defendantððs€shoes€were€found€both€outside€andÐ =  Ðinside€the€victimððs€house.€€In€addition,€fibers€found€on€the€defendantððs€clothes€were€consistent€withÐ & v Ðfibers€from€the€victimððs€carpet.€€Clearly,€the€evidence€shows€that€the€defendant€was€in€the€victimððsÐ  _ Ðhouse.€€The€defendant€had€on€a€sleeveless€shirt€on€August€17€and€two€shoulder€prints€were€foundÐ ø H Ðon€the€backdoor€of€the€victimððs€house.€€When€the€defendant€rejoined€his€friends,€he€had€€a€ring€withÐ á 1  Ða€marquis„shaped€diamond€and€around€$20.00,€the€same€amount€of€money€kept€by€the€victim€in€herÐ Ê   Ðsmall€wallet.€€The€evidence€is€inconsistent€with€the€defendantððs€innocence€and€can€lead€to€no€otherÐ ³  Ðconclusion€but€the€defendantððs€guilt€of€felony€murder,€second€degree€murder,€especially€aggravatedÐ œì  Ðrobbery€and€especially€aggravated€burglary.€Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àTherefore,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð W§  ÐÌòòò òÓ  ÓSentencingó óóóÐ )y ÐÓæ{ÓÌà  àThe€defendant€also€challenges€the€Tennessee€sentencing€scheme€as€unconstitutional.€€HeÐ üL Ðmakes€two€arguments.€€He€first€argues€that€the€sentencing€scheme€is€unconstitutional€because€theÐ å5 Ðapplicable€aggravating€circumstances,€which€are€contained€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÐ Î Ð39„13„204,€are€not€part€of€the€indictment.€€He€then€argues€that€the€sentencing€scheme€isÐ · Ðunconstitutional€because€the€jury€was€given€no€basis€upon€which€to€weigh€the€aggravatingÐ  ð Ðcircumstances€and€the€mitigating€factors€and€must€rely€upon€their€conscience€to€guide€them.€€HeÐ ‰Ù Ðrelies€on€òòRing€v.€Arizonaóó,€535€U.S.€584€(2002)€to€support€both€of€these€arguments.Ð r ÐÌà  àIn€òòRingóó,€the€Supreme€Court€held€that€Arizonaððs€capital€sentencing€scheme€wasÐ D” Ðunconstitutional€because€a€judge,€sitting€without€a€jury,€was€required€ð ðto€find€aggravatingÐ -} Ðcircumstances€necessary€for€imposition€of€the€death€penalty.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€609.€€The€Supreme€Court€basedÐ f Ðthis€decision€on€its€prior€decision€in€òòApprendi€v.€New€Jerseyóó,€530€U.S.€466€(2000).€€In€its€applicationÐ ÿO Ðof€òòApprendióó€in€òòRingóó,€the€Supreme€Court€found€that€the€application€of€the€aggravating€circumstancesÐ è 8 Ðto€capital€sentencing€in€Arizona€were€the€functional€equivalent€of€an€element€of€a€greater€offense.€Ð Ñ!!  ÐòòId.óó€€Ð º" ! ÐÌà  àOur€supreme€court€stated€in€òòState€v.€Dellingeróó,€79€S.W.3d€458€(Tenn.€2002)òòóó,€that€òòApprendióóÐ Œ$Ü# Ðdoes€not€apply€to€the€Tennessee€capital€sentencing€scheme.€€79€S.W.3d€at€466„67.€€This€Court€hasÐ u%Å $ Ðstated€on€more€than€one€occasion€that€òòRingóó€does€not€affect€the€supreme€courtððs€decision.€€òòSeeóó€òòe.g.óó,Ð ^&®!% ÐòòState€v.€Robert€Faulkneróó,€No.€W2001„02614„CCA„R3„DD,€2003€WL€22220341,€at€*29€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð G'—"& ÐApp.€at€Jackson,€Sept.€26,€2003);€òòState€v.€Gdongalay€P.€Berryóó,€No.€M2001„02023„CCA„R3„DD,Ð 0(€#' Ð2003€WL€1855099,€at€*5€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Apr.€10,€2003);€òòState€v.€Richard€Odomóó,Ð )i$( ÐNo.€W2000„02301„CCA„R3„DD,€2002€WL€31322532,€at€*13€n.1€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€Oct.Ð *R%) Ð15,€2002).€€These€cases€from€our€Court€rely€on€Footnote€6€from€the€Ring€opinion€which€states,€ð ð[o]fÐ ë*;&* Ðthe€38€States€with€capital€punishment,€29€generally€commit€sentencing€decisions€to€juries.€€See€.€.Ð Ô+$'+ Ð.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204.ðð€€òòRingóó,€536€U.S.€at€608,€n.6.€€As€we€have€previously€stated,€becauseÐ ° Ðsentencing€decisions€in€capital€cases€are€submitted€to€the€jury€instead€of€decided€by€a€trial€judge€theÐ ™é ÐSupreme€Courtððs€decision€in€òòRingóó€does€not€affect€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Courtððs€holding€inÐ ‚Ò ÐòòDellingeróó.€€òòRobert€Faulkneróó,€2003€WL€22220341€at€*29;€òòGdongalay€P.€Berryóó,€2003€WL€1855099Ð k» Ðat€*5;€òòRichard€Odomóó,€2002€WL€31322532€at€*13€n.1.Ð T¤ ÐÌà  àIn€òòDellingeróó,€our€supreme€court€held€that€principles€announced€in€òòApprendióó€do€not€apply€toÐ & v Ðour€capital€sentencing€scheme.€79€S.W.3d€at€467.€€The€supreme€court€stated€the€following€reasons€Ð  _ Ðwhy€òòApprendióó€does€not€apply€to€the€Tennessee€capital€sentencing€scheme:Ð ø H ÐÌÓ XÓÓ XÓ1.à ` àThe€specific€aggravating€factor€used€to€impose€the€death€penalty€in€this€caseÐ Ê   Ðwas€a€prior€conviction.€€The€òòÔ#†XÍXXX1.Ç#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔóóòòApprendióóòòÔ#†XÍXXXÍ‹#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€holding€applies€to€enhancement€Ô% ‡C ÔÔ#†XÍXXXÍk‹#ÔÔ%†Cª‹ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔfactors€otherÐ ³  Ðthan€prior€convictions.€òòÔ#†XÍXXXÍë‹#ÔÔ‡X1.XXXÍÔóó[òòApprendi,óó€530€U.S.]at€476,€120€S.€Ct.€2348.€€The€aggravatorÐ œì  Ðrelied€upon€by€the€State€here€is€therefore€specifically€excluded€under€òòÔ#†XÍXXX1.jŒ#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiòòóó.Ô#†XÍXXXÍP#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔÐ …Õ  Ð2.à ` àThe€death€penalty€is€within€the€statutory€range€of€punishment€prescribed€byÐ n¾  Ðthe€legislature€for€first€degree€murder.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô#†XÍXXXͪ#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔðð€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ©Ž#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ39„13„202(c)(1).€TheÐ W§  ÐÔ#†XÍXXXÍðŽ#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiòòóóÔ#†XÍXXXÍ^#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€holding€applies€only€to€enhancement€factors€used€to€impose€a€sentenceÐ @ Ðabove€the€statutory€maximum.€€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ·#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiòòóó,Ô#†XÍXXXÍu#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€530€U.S.€at€481,€120€S.Ct.€2348.€€It€is€onÐ )y Ðthis€basis€that€the€Court€in€Ô#†XÍXXXÍÏ#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiòòóóÔ#†XÍXXXÍq‘#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€addressed€and€rejected€the€concern€that€theÐ b Ðprinciples€governing€its€decision€would€invalidate€state€capital€sentencing€proceduresÐ ûK Ðrequiring€judges€to€find€aggravating€factors€before€imposing€the€death€penalty.€€Ô#†XÍXXXÍÊ‘#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔóóòòId.óóòòÔ#†XÍXXXÍ “#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔÐ ä4 Ðat€496„97,€120€S.Ct.€2348.€€The€Court€noted€that€such€a€sentencing€procedure€doesÐ Í Ðnot€allow€a€judge€to€determine€the€Ô% ‡D ÔÔ#†XÍXXXÍ`“#ÔÔ%†D”ÔÔ% ‡E ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€Ô%†E^”ÔÔ#†XÍXXXÍk”#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔexistence€of€a€factor€making€the€crime€a€capitalÐ ¶ Ðoffense.€€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ¿”#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóId.òòóóÔ#†XÍXXXÍS•#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€at€497,€120€S.Ct.€2348.€€Instead,€the€judge€is€called€upon€to€decideÐ Ÿï Ðwhether€the€death€penalty,€the€maximum€penalty€allowable€under€the€capital€statute,Ð ˆØ Ðshould€be€imposed.€€Ô#†XÍXXXͧ•#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóId.òòóóÔ#†XÍXXXÍ–#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔÐ qÁ Ð3.à ` àDistrict€attorneys€in€Tennessee€are€required€to€notify€capital€defendants€noÐ Zª Ðless€than€thirty€days€before€trial€of€the€intent€to€seek€the€death€penalty€and€mustÐ C“ Ðspecify€the€aggravating€circumstances€upon€which€the€State€intends€to€rely€duringÐ ,| Ðsentencing.€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€12.3(b).€€Rule€12.3(b)€therefore€satisfies€theÐ e Ðrequirements€of€due€process€and€notice.€€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ—#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóSeeòòóó€òòóóState€v.€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ8™#ÔÔ% ‡F ÔÔ%†F™™ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔGolphinòòóó,Ô#†XÍXXXÍ·™#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€352€N.C.€364,€395„97,Ð þN Ð533€S.E.2d€168€(2000)€(statute€setting€forth€the€aggravating€circumstances€the€juryÐ ç 7 Ðmay€consider€provides€sufficient€notice€to€satisfy€the€constitutional€requirements€ofÐ Ð!   Ðdue€process).Ð ¹" ! Ð4.à ` àTennesseeððs€capital€sentencing€procedure€requires€that€a€jury€make€findingsÐ ¢#ò" Ðregarding€the€statutory€aggravating€circumstances.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ š#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔðð€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ!œ#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ39„13„Ð ‹$Û# Ð204(f)(1),€(I).€€The€Ô#†XÍXXXÍhœ#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiÔ#†XÍXXXÍÝœ#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔóó€holding€applies€only€to€sentencing€procedures€underÐ t%Ä $ Ðwhich€judges€sentence€the€defendants.€€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ-#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiòòóó,Ô#†XÍXXXÍå#ÔóóÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€530€U.S.€at€476,€120€S.€Ct.€2348.Ð ]&­!% Ð5.à ` àTennesseeððs€capital€sentencing€procedure€requires€that€the€jury€find€anyÐ F'–"& Ðstatutory€aggravating€circumstance€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€Ô#†XÍXXXÍ?ž#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔððÐ /(#' ÐÔ#†XÍXXXÍvŸ#ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ39„13„204(f)(1),€(I).€€The€Tennessee€statutes€therefore€comply€with€the€ð ðbeyond€aÐ )h$( Ðreasonable€doubtðð€standard€required€by€Ô#†XÍXXXÍÑŸ#ÔòòÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòóóApprendiòòóó.€€óóòòApprendióó,Ô#†XÍXXXÍ© #ÔÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔ€530€U.S.€at€476,€120Ð *Q%) Ðâ âS.€Ct.€2348.Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ðâ âÌÔ#†XÍXXXÍ¡#ÔÓ XQŠÓÓ XCŠÓÔ‡XÍXXXÍÔòòDellingeróó,€79€S.W.3d€at€466„67.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌÌò òòòÔ#†XÍXXXÍè¡#ÔÔ‡X1.XXXÍÔÓ  ÓA.€Aggravating€Circumstances€Not€Part€of€IndictmentÐ =  ÐÌÓ‹¢ÓÌóóó óà  àThe€defendant€first€argues€that€because€the€two€aggravating€circumstances€were€not€part€ofÐ û K Ðthe€indictment,€the€defendantððs€sentence€is€contrary€to€the€protections€of€the€United€StatesÐ ä 4  ÐConstitution.€The€defendant€argues€that€òòRingóó€states€that€the€aggravating€circumstances€outweighingÐ Í   Ðthe€mitigating€circumstances€should€actually€be€considered€an€element€of€the€crime€of€first€degreeÐ ¶  Ðmurder,€as€opposed€to€part€of€a€sentencing€scheme.€€Therefore,€according€to€the€defendant,€theÐ Ÿï  Ðaggravating€circumstances€are€required€to€be€decided€by€a€jury€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.Ð ˆØ  ÐÌà  àThe€aggravating€circumstances€used€in€the€defendantððs€case€were:€(1)€The€defendant€wasÐ Zª  Ðpreviously€convicted€of€one€(1)€or€more€felonies,€other€than€the€present€charge,€whose€statutoryÐ C“ Ðelements€involve€the€use€of€violence€to€a€person;€and€(2)€the€victim€of€the€murder€was€seventy€(70)Ð ,| Ðyears€of€age€or€older.€€Clearly,€the€aggravating€circumstance€of€a€prior€conviction€is€not€includedÐ e Ðin€òòApprendióó,€as€stated€by€our€supreme€court€in€òòDellingeróó.€€òòId.óó€at€466.€€Therefore,€the€defendantððsÐ þN Ðargument€with€regard€to€this€aggravating€circumstance€is€baseless.€€Ð ç7 ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€argument€with€regard€to€the€second€aggravating€circumstance€is€likewiseÐ ¹  Ðmeritless.€€All€the€reasons€set€out€in€òòDellingeróó€for€the€inapplicability€of€òòApprendióó€were€met€in€theÐ ¢ò Ðcase€òòsub€judiceóó:€(1)€the€sentence€of€life€without€parole€is€within€the€statutory€range€of€punishmentÐ ‹Û Ðfor€first€degree€murder;€(2)€the€district€attorney€notified€the€defendant€of€his€intent€to€seekÐ tÄ Ðimprisonment€for€life€without€parole;€(3)€the€jury€was€required€to€find€the€statutory€aggravatingÐ ]­ Ðcircumstances€to€determine€punishment;€and€(4)€there€was€no€question€that€the€jury€found€that€theÐ F– Ðvictim€was€over€the€age€of€seventy€(70),€because€her€death€certificate€was€entered€into€evidence€thatÐ / Ðlisted€her€age€as€eighty„seven€(87)€and€her€birthdate€as€April€8,€1912.€€òòSeeóó€òòDellingeróó,€79€S.W.3d€atÐ h Ð466„67.Ð  Q ÐÌà  àBecause€we€find€that€òòApprendióó€and€òòRingóó€do€not€apply€to€the€Tennessee€statutory€sentencingÐ Ó!#  Ðscheme€and€to€the€sentencing€in€the€case€in€particular,€we€find€that€the€defendantððs€issue€is€withoutÐ ¼" ! Ðmerit.Ð ¥#õ" ÐÌÌÌò òòòÓ  ÓB.€Weighing€of€Aggravating€and€Mitigating€circumstancesóóó óÐ I'™"& ÐÓ£­ÓÌà  àAs€his€final€issue,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€jury€was€unable€to€determine€the€relativeÐ )l$( Ðweight€of€the€aggravating€and€mitigating€circumstances€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€because€the€juryÐ *U%) Ðwas€not€given€a€means€of€measuring€these€factors.€€Ð î*>&* ÐÐ ×+''+ Ðà  àUnder€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sections€39„13„204(f)(1)€and€(2),€and€(i),€the€stateÐ ° Ðlegislature€requires€a€jury€to€make€specific€findings€regarding€the€statutory€aggravatingÐ ™é Ðcircumstances.€€After€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty,€the€trial€court€moved€onto€the€sentencingÐ ‚Ò Ðphase€for€the€first€degree€murder€conviction.€€For€the€sentencing€phase,€the€trial€court€instructed€theÐ k» Ðjury,€ð ðyou€are€authorized€to€weigh€and€consider€any€of€the€statutory€aggravating€circumstancesÐ T¤ Ðproved€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€and€any€mitigating€circumstances€which€may€have€been€raisedÐ =  Ðby€the€evidence€throughout€the€entire€course€of€this€trial,€including€the€guilt€finding€phase€orÐ & v Ðsentencing€phase€or€both.ðð€€This€is€a€proper€instruction€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„Ð  _ Ð13„204(f)(1)€and€(2)€and€(i),€which€require€the€jury€to€find€any€statutory€aggravating€circumstanceÐ ø H Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€As€we€have€stated€above,€the€Tennessee€sentencing€scheme€isÐ á 1  Ðconstitutional€under€both€òòApprendióó€and€òòRingóó.€€In€Dellinger,€our€supreme€court€stated€that€hisÐ Ê   Ðstatuteððs€requirement€is€one€of€the€reasons€our€capital€sentencing€scheme€does€not€fall€underÐ ³  ÐòòApprendióó.€€òòDellingeróó,€79€S.W.3d€at€467.€€Therefore,€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ð œì  ÐÌò òòòÓ  ÓÌÌConclusionóóó óÐ B’ ÐÓ^µÓÌà  àBased€on€the€foregoing,€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€AFFIRMED.Ô#†XÍXXX1.l¢#ÔÐ e ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à________________________________________Ð ¹  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àJERRY€L.€SMITH