WPC=! =y).(C9S>h,.J e"0|&EB&d‘֣ʭsg\`@xkqG%g_7lZ cG}k &T]YpȚQL(Z;~*OXK8vfhMkg\S^y/n d`N }v3p5k2IfO~׀x dw_5/%*՞1Ӳ%$YSeg˓56}˖d_ DуqAx!1{ yΊ:[崍&~(0Rp?k8kd|?i xTNcb| ebD[AjB|R2= ̝:sW@aq/O)9cL3aKO#4L\G~ .Rnb#\ % UN# 0q U$N 0 DG  z3   V#0^ S_%wN"E%w'4+?NN mPfggeb222222222222222222222222222222222222 0 :::: B%% 0B D3 D- 0KFF AS 0 0DN A HP LaserJet 40500(9 Z6Times New Roman Regular(`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#$  0    R$      2     _ԀThoughManningstatedthatthedefendanthadnotwornamaskatthe_Sipfs_thedefendantacknowledgedthat  hehaddoneso. Furthermore,Arthur_Sipf_Ԁalsosuggestedthatsuchwasthecase.  C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt  R$      4     _ԀInformationconcerningthetakingof thedefendantsstatementwaspresentedatboththejuvenileandcriminal  courtlevels;however,mostofthetestimonyreferencedinthisopinionwillbethatarisingoutofthecriminalcourt t hearingonthedefendantsmotiontosuppress.  R$      5     _ԀAtthetimeofthearrest,thedefendantlivedwithhismotherandbrother.   R$      1     _ԀTherecordprovidesslightlyconflictingproofastowhetheritwasManningorthedefendantwhoactually  firedthefatalshot. 1W+ Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5  R$      6     _ԀThough_Cowan_Ԁstatedthathecouldnotrememberwhetherthedefendanthadmentionedthepublicdefenders  officeorlegalaid,Stewartsnotesindicatethatitwasthepublicdefendersofficewhichhadbeenrequested.  R$      3     _ԀManningcouldnotclearlyrecallifthedefendanthadleftinthe_Sipfs_caralso.  R$      7     _ԀYoungalsoindicatedthatMs._Nance_Ԁhadnotaskedwherehewastakingthedefendant. yG**93|xU \ R$      8     _ԀIn_Braziel_Ԁv.State,529S.W.2d501(Tenn._Crim_.App.1975),thisCourtfoundthatthe [_t]he_Ԁvoluntariness  andadmissibilityofajuvenilesconfessionisnotdependentuponthepresenceofhisparentsorattorneysatthe t interrogationwhentherehasbeenafullMirandawarninggivenandunderstood.Id.at506. [ R$      9     _ԀWhilethereportfurtherindicatesthatthedefendantshowedsignsofinsecurityandaneagernesstoplease,  thisisinsufficientforafindingthatthedefendantsstatementwasinvoluntary. - -(|G2$ !.8E%dd8         0    d(|3v$ !.8E%dd8     VVVV'dxd)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  ^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3v$ !.8E%dd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK !.8E%dd8     _   E%8XXdd8@ttNdE%INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @WW$ATKNOXVILLE#E%Nd #Ԉ &    @  @` September26,2000Session L XXE% #E%XX#STATEOFTENNESSEEv._ALMEER_Ԁ_NANCE_XXE%  J @@ DirectAppealfromtheCriminalCourtforKnoxCounty  J @@No.61277RayL.Jenkins,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.E200000170CCAR3CD   October23,_2001_   AV) ` dE<|` A }     XXXXFollowingthetransferofhiscasefromjuvenilecourt,aKnoxCountygrandjuryindictedthe x  defendantononecountofpremeditatedmurder,onecountoffelonymurder,onecountofespecially d aggravatedrobbery,twocountsofespeciallyaggravated_kidnapping_,threecountsofaggravated P robbery,onecountofaggravatedassault,andtwocountsoftheftoveronethousandbutunderten < thousanddollars. Priortotrialthedefendantfiledanunsuccessfulmotiontosuppressthestatement (x hegavetoauthorities. Thecaseproceededtotrialwhereinthedefendantwasconvictedascharged d onsevenoftheaforementionedcounts:morespecifically,thejuryfoundhimguiltyofthefelony T murder,especiallyaggravatedrobbery,especiallyaggravated_kidnapping_,andaggravatedrobbery @ offenses. Forthesecrimeshereceivedanagreeduponeffectivesentenceoflifeplustwentyfive , yearsinprison. Hethenfileda MotionforJudgmentofAcquittal,orintheAlternative,Motionfor  NewTrialallegingthetrialcourterredinfailingtosuppresshisstatement. Afterthedenialofthis  motion,thedefendantbroughttheinstantappealagainraisingthesuppressionissue.However,upon  reviewingtherecordandapplicablecaselaw,weaffirmthetrialcourtsdenialofthemotionto  suppressthedefendantsstatement.#XXXX##E%XX#XXE% |  Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCriminalCourtisAffirmed  T    #E%X #XX.E%JerryL.Smith,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichJosephM._Tipton_andJames ,"|! _Curwood_Ԁ_Witt_,Jr.,JJ.,joined. #h" SusanE._Shipley_,Knoxville,Tennessee,forappellant,_Almeer_Ԁ_Nance_. $@ $ PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneral&Reporter;PatriciaC._Kussmann_,AssistantAttorneyGeneral; &"& RandallE._Nichols_,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;William_Crabtree_ԀandJoHelm,AssistantDistrict '#' Attorneys,forappellee,StateofTennessee. (#(  <-(- _ԇ @@OO& OPINION #E%XX #XXE%  #E%XX#XXE%  XXXX@hh!FactualBackground  t   Asthedefendantdoesnotchallengethesufficiencyoftheconvictingproof,wewillonly P  brieflyaddresstheevidencesupportingtheconvictions.Essentially,onJanuary16,1996,the <  defendantandRobertManningrobbedatgunpointScottsMarketinKnoxville. Twodayslater ( x Manningpickedupthedefendantatthedefendantshome. AmandaGoodeaccompaniedthepair.   d  Inlookingforaplacetorob,thethreefinallycametoaRadioShack. Goodestayedinthecarwhile  T  Manningandthedefendant,wearingtoboggans/skimasks,enteredthestore. Bothmenwereonce  D  morearmedwithguns,andintheprocessoftherobbery,thestoreclerk,JosephRidings,wasshot 0  inthehead.  #  1      Hesubsequentlydiedfromthiswound. Uponleavingthestore,Manningandthe   defendantrejoinedGoodeinastolenMazda,andthetriodrovefromthescene. Theythendiscovered   araisedgaragedooratthehomebelongingtoArthurandPatsySipf. 󀀀Again,Manningandthe   defendantexitedthecar. Findingthedoorfromthegaragetothelivingareaofthehomeunlocked,   thetwoproceededintothehouse. Oncemorethepairdonnedtoboggans/skimasks. #  2      ׀ Theystole  itemsfromthehomewhileholdingbothSipfsontheflooratgunpoint.Theoffendersthenforced l thecoupleintothetrunkofoneoftheSipfscars. Havingdoneso,Manningandthedefendantleft X inanautomobilebelongingtotheSipfs.j #  3      ׀ GoodecontinuedintheMazda. Atthispointwenotethat D thedefendantwasapparentlyreturnedtohishome.Hewasnotconvictedofanyoffensescommitted 4 aftertheencounterwiththeSipfs.   p   Somedaysthereafter,theauthoritiescapturedManningandGoodeinKentuckyand  \ therefromgainedinformationaboutthedefendantsinvolvementinthesecrimes. Thepolicearrested H thedefendantintheearlymorninghoursofJanuary22,1996,andsubsequentlyobtainedasigned 4 waiverandconfessionfromhim.     Priortotrialdefensecounselunsuccessfullyattemptedtohavethisstatementsuppressed.  #  4          Thetrialcourtconductedahearingonthismotionwithfourwitnessesprovidingtestimony.    FirstDetectiveClydeCowansetouthisaccountofwhathadhappenedatthedefendants  homeandattheKnoxCountyCentralFacility.AccordingtoCowanheobservedSergeantAndy   YoungandLieutenantFredLudwigspeakingwiththedefendantsmotheratthedefendants l  residence.  #  5      Cowanalsoclaimedtohavetalkedwiththedefendantsmother,explainingtoherwhy   thepolicewerethere;however,heacknowledgedthathehadnotaskedherpermissiontospeakwith  thedefendant. Nevertheless,thedefendantwastransportedtotheKnoxCountyCentralFacilityto  beinterviewed. DetectiveDanStewartjoinedCowaninthisendeavorandbeganbyadvisingthe x defendantofthereasonfortheinterviewandofhisconstitutionalrights. Cowanfurtherstatedthat d atthatpointthedefendanthadindicatedthathewantedhisattorney,andStewartlefttocallthe T  publicdefendersoffice.T #  6      Uponhisreturn,Stewartallegedlyinformedthedefendant thathewasnt @  abletomakecontactwiththatpersonorthatagency,anditwouldbethenextday. Bothdetectives 0  thenleftthedefendantalone,andCowantestifiedthattheplanatthatpointwastotransportthe  p defendantto Juvenile. However,whenCowanwentintotheroomtoretrievehiscoat,the  \  defendantvolunteeredthathewishedtotalk. CowanaskedStewarttoreturn;thedefendantwas  H  againadvisedofhisrights;arightswaiverformwasexecutedat2:45a.m.;thedefendanttalked 4  abouttheeventsinquestionandarecordedstatementconcerningtheoffenseswassubsequently   taken. Additionally,Cowanaffirmedthathehadnotpromised,threatened,orcoercedthedefendant   inordertogainthecontestedstatement.      ThedefendantthencalledDanStewart. EarlyinhistestimonyStewartacknowledgedhaving   incorrectlystatedduringthejuvenilecourthearingthatthedefendanthadnotrequestedanattorney.   However,Stewartalsoexplainedthathehadretractedthisstatementuponrefreshinghismemory t attheprevioushearingusinghishandwrittennotestakencontemporaneouslywiththedefendants ` interview. Hefurtherrecountedthatfollowingthedefendantsrequestforanattorneyhehadcalled L thepublicdefendersoffice.Thecallwasansweredbyarecordingtellinghimtocallduringoffice 8 hours. Stewartthen told[thedefendant]whatthephonecallhadresultedinandlaterlearnedthat $t thedefendanthadchangedhismindandwouldtalkwithoutalawyer. Afterthis,Stewartreturned ` totheroomwherethedefendantwasandtookastatementfromhim.Stewarttestifiedthatthe L defendanthadbeenadvisedofandhadwaivedhisrightsasreflectedinthewaiverform;theofficers 8 hadthentalkedwiththedefendantabouttheoffenses;thedefendanthadsubsequentlygivena $ recordedstatement;andnopromises,threats,orcoercionhadbeenemployedtoobtainthestatement.   Inaddition,thiswitnesswasquiteclearthathehadsaidnothingelsetothedefendantuntilbeing  advisedthatthedefendantwishedtospeakwithoutcounsel.     ProvidingfurtherrelevantinformationwasSergeantB.A.YoungoftheKnoxCounty  SheriffsDepartment. Accordingtothisofficerhewasatthedefendantshomewhenthearrestwas p  madeandtalkedwiththedefendantsmother. Morespecifically,Youngtestifiedthathehadtold `! Ms.Nancetocalmdownandhadinformedherthattheywerethere totalktohersonabouta P"  criminaloffenseandlookaroundforweapons...usedinthecriminaloffense. Sheallegedly <#! respondedby stat[ing]thatshedalreadytoldtheofficersthattheycouldtalktohersonand...look ($x" around,just[dont]wreckherapartmentorhurtherson. Brieflythereafter,Youngtransportedthe %d #  defendanttotheCentralBuildingbutdidnottalkwithhimduringthistime. Oncrossexamination, &P!$ Youngadmittedthathehadneitheradvisedthedefendantofhisrightsnorhadhetoldthe  defendantsmotherwherehewastakingthedefendant. #  7           Finally,thedefendantgavehisaccountconcerningthenightofhisarrestandthetakingof  hisstatement.Hestatedthatnoonehadreadhimhisrightsatthetimeofthearrestbutalsonoone t hadquestionedhimatthescene. However,hetestifiedthattheofficersattheCentralBuildinghad ` informedhimthathehadtosignthewaiverbeforehecouldbeappointedanattorney. Thedefendant L  furtherclaimedthatintellinghimthatanattorneyfromthepublicdefendersofficecouldnotbe 8  reachedatthattime,Stewarthadaddedcommentssuchas: thatshowmuchtheycareaboutyou $ t ...aintnothingtheycoulddofor[you]...noneedin[you]tryingtogothroughallthat,getnolawyer  ` ornothing[sic]...justtell[me]and[I]cantell[your]attorney.... Additionally,thedefendant  L  allegedthathehadaskedforanattorneynumeroustimesthatnightbeforefinallytalkingwiththe  <  detectives. Turningtocrossexamination,thedefendantadmittedthathehadbeenarrestedontwo (  prioroccasions;hadbeenreadhisrightsonatleastoneofthese;andhadpreviouslybeenrepresented   byanattorneyfromthepublicdefendersoffice. Nevertheless,thedefendantallegedthathehad   thoughtthetaperecordingofhisstatementhadbeenforhisfutureattorneytoexpeditetheresolution   ofhiscase.      Afterhearingthistestimonyandlisteningtoargumentsofcounsel,thetrialcourtrendered t itsdecisionthroughawrittenorderdenyingthemotiontosuppress. `   Thedefendantwastriedandconvictedofthemultipleoffensesasaforementioned.Henow L contendsthathisconvictionsshouldbereversedandremandedforanewtrialbecausethetrialcourt 8 committederrorinadmittinghisstatement. $t   AdmissionoftheDefendantsStatement 8  0 @ 0 @ 0 @ 0 @   ӀAshissoleissue,thedefendantaversthatthetrialcourterredbyrefusingtofindaviolation  ofhisconstitutionalrightsinthetakingofhisstatement.Thedefendantparticularlyemphasizesthat  heinvokedhisrighttoanattorneyandthathewasaminoratthetimeofquestioning.Becauseof  hisageatthattime,heassertsthattheevaluationofhissituationshouldreceiveheightenedscrutiny  bythisCourt. p   A.StandardofReview  \  =  Attheoutsetwenotethat"[a]trialcourt'sdeterminationthataconfessionwasgiven 4"  knowinglyandvoluntarilyisbindingontheappellatecourtsunlessthedefendantcanshowthatthe  #p! evidencepreponderatesagainstthetrialcourt'sruling."Statev.Keen,926S.W.2d727,741(Tenn.  $\" 1994);seealso,Statev.RobertBlocker,No.E199901624CCAR3CD,2000WL726447at*2 $H # (Tenn.Crim.App.atKnoxville,June5,2000);Statev.Carroll,36S.W.3d854,86465(Tenn.Crim. %4!$ App.1999)(quotingStatev.AndradeBruceWilliams,Jr.,No.01C019803CR00104,1999WL & "% 191782at*3(Tenn.Crim.App.atNashville,April8,1999)).Inaddition,thefindingsoffactmade ' #& bythetrialcourtatahearingonamotiontosuppresswillalsobeupheldunlesstheevidence (#' preponderatesotherwise.Statev.Odom,928S.W.2d18,23(Tenn.1996).Questionsaboutwitness )$( credibility, theweightandvalueoftheevidence,andresolutionofconflictsintheevidenceare  mattersentrustedtothetrialjudge."Id.    B.WaiverofRighttoCounsel @  t C  Asabovenoted,thetrialcourtfoundthatthedefendanthadinvokedhisrighttocounsel L  whenhisrightswereinitiallyexplainedtohim.However,initsorderdenyingthemotionto 8  suppress,thetrialcourtalsofoundthatthedefendanthadinitiatedfurthercommunicationandthat, $ t undertherationaleofEdwardsv.Arizona,451U.S.477,101S.Ct.1880,68L.Ed.2d378(1981),  ` noerrorhadoccurred.   L    InEdwards,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtheldthat"anaccused...havingexpressedhis  8  desiretodealwiththepoliceonlythroughcounsel,isnotsubjecttofurtherinterrogationbythe $  authoritiesuntilcounselhasbeenmadeavailabletohim,unlesstheaccusedhimselfinitiatesfurther   communication,exchanges,orconversationwiththepolice."Edwards,451U.S.at48485,101   S.Ct.at1885.Ifanaccusedremainssilentandcutsoffquestioning,thatsilencemustbe   "scrupulouslyhonored."Michiganv.Mosley,423U.S.96,10304,96S.Ct.321,326,46L.Ed.2d   313(1975).If,ontheotherhand,astatementismadeaftertheinvocationoftherighttocounsel, p thecourtmustconsiderwhethertheaccusedinitiatedthefurtherconversation,andwhether,given \ thetotalityofthecircumstances,thewaiverofcounselwasknowingandintelligent.Oregonv. H Bradshaw,462U.S.1039,104346,103S.Ct.2830,283435,77L.Ed.2d405(1983);seealsoState 4 v.Claybrook,736S.W.2d95,102-03(Tenn.1987).  p   Thefirstquestiontobeanswered,therefore,iswhetherthedefendantdid,infact,reopenthe  \ dialoguewiththeauthorities.Inthisrespecttheevidencesupportsthetrialcourtsconclusion.For H example,testimonyexiststhatthedefendantaskedforthepublicdefender.Stewartthencalledthe 4 officeandreceivedarecording.Heinformedthedefendantofthisfactandnofurtherquestionswere   askedofthedefendant.Shortlythereafter,intendingtoretrievehiscoat,DetectiveCowanreentered   theroomwherethedefendantwas;andunprompted,thedefendantindicatedhisdesiretospeakwith  theofficers.   @ C.EvaluationofConfessionsbyJuveniles    l     Havingfoundthatfollowinghisrequestforanattorney,thedefendantinitiatedfurther D! conversationwithpolice,theinquirybecomeswhetherthedefendantswaiverofhisrightswas 0"  knowinglyandvoluntarilyentered.SeeBradshaw,462U.S.at104447,103S.Ct.at283435; #l! Edwards,451U.S.at486n.9,101S.Ct.at1885n.9.#XXXXm#XXXX#E%XX<#XXE% $X"   InStatev.Callahan,979S.W.2d577(Tenn.1998),theTennesseeSupremeCourtheld: $D # 0  thatjuvenilewaiversshallbeanalyzedunderatotalityofthecircumstancestestthatrequires %0!$ considerationofthefollowingfactors:&"%(#(# 8  (1)...allcircumstancessurroundingtheinterrogationincludingthejuvenile'sage, '#& experience,education,andintelligence;(#'   8  (2)thejuvenile'scapacitytounderstandtheMirandawarningsandtheconsequences )$(  ofthewaiver;|*%)   8  (3)thejuvenile'sfamiliaritywithMirandawarningsortheabilitytoreadandwrite   inthelanguageusedtogivethewarnings;   8  (4)anyintoxication;   8  (5)anymentaldisease,disorder,orretardation;andt   8  (6)thepresenceofaparent,guardian,orinterestedadult.`   Id.at583.Thesupremecourtfurtherprovidedthat [w]hilecourtsshallexercisespecialcarein 8  scrutinizingpurportedwaiversbyjuvenilesuspects,nosinglefactorsuchasmentalconditionor $ t educationshouldbyitselfrenderaconfessionunconstitutionalabsentcoercivepoliceactivity.Id.  `   Turningtotheevidenceinthiscase,wefindthatthedefendantsstatementwasproperly  L  admitted.Whilefactorssurroundingthetakingofthestatementsuchastheextremelatenessofthe  8  hourandthemothersabsenceareofsomeconcern,theevidencerelativetotheentiresituation $  supportsthetrialcourtsdenialofthemotiontosuppressthedefendantsstatement. #  8           Asabovenoted,wearetoexaminetheseclaimsinlightofthetotalityofthecircumstances   usingtheaforementionedcriteria.Twodaysafterthetakingofthecontestedstatement,thedefendant   turnedseventeenyearsold. Thedefendanthadpreviousexperiencewiththecourtsystem,attorneys,   andadviceconcerninghisconstitutionalrights. Accordingtoapsychologicalevaluationmadean t exhibittotherecord,thedefendantpossessedaverageintelligence. #  9      Thereseemstobenoquestion ` aboutthedefendantsabilitytoreadtherightsformbecauseheacknowledgeddoingso. Wefurther P noteDetectiveCowanstestimonythatStewartreadtherightstothedefendantandallowedthe < defendanttimetoreadeachindividualrightandtheninitialonthelinebesideeachrightifthe (x defendantunderstoodit. Thewaiverformsubmittedasanexhibitbearsthedefendantsinitialson d thelinenexttoeachright. AgainreferringtotheCallahanfactors,weobservethattherewasno T allegationofintoxicationwhichwouldhaveinterferedwiththedefendantsabilitytocomprehend @ andknowinglywaivehisconstitutionalrights.Itappearsthatthedefendantknowinglyand , voluntarilyelectedtotalktopolice.      Conclusion   ^  Fortheforegoingreasonsweconcludethatnopartofthedefendantsallegationmeritsrelief. x Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisAFFIRMED. d    #XXXXO##E%XXP#XXE%   `     h     ___________________________________ %P #    `     h     JERRYL.SMITH,JUDGE