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ŠŌ‡XŅOX»¼’YŌĢņ ņŌ#†¼’Y»XXŅO+#ŌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€FREDREQUOS€DAMON€NEALŌ‡XŅOX»¼’YŌó óŠ ļ? ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņ€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Madison€CountyŠ é 9 Šą@@ųųģąNo.€01„592€€€€€€Roy€B.€Morgan,€Jr.,€JudgeŠ Ó # ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` Aߊ ‘į  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€W2002„00946„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€7,€Ō_Ō2003Ō_ŌŠ ŠŚ  ŠĢßA€V) °°` dE<]` Aߊ ^®  Šó óĢÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Fredrequos€Damon€Neal,€was€convicted€by€a€Madison€County€Circuit€Court€jury€ofŠ V¦  Šattempted€first€degree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€twenty„two€yearsŠ ? Šas€a€Range€I,€standard€offender.€€The€defendant€appeals,€claiming€that€the€evidence€is€insufficientŠ (x Što€support€his€conviction€and€that€his€sentence€is€excessive.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialŠ a Šcourt.Š śJ ŠÓ¾ÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Courtó ó€ņ ņAffirmedó óŠ Ģ ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼’Y»ąXŅOœ#ŌŌ‡XŅOX.¼’YŌJoseph€M.€Tipton,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€ņņJamesŠ ”ń ŠCurwood€Witt,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š ŠŚ ŠĢDidi€Christie,€Brownsville,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€George€Morton€Googe,€District€Public€DefenderŠ \¬ Šand€Stephen€P.€Spracher,€Assistant€Public€Defender€(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Fredrequos€DamonŠ E• ŠNeal.Š .~ ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€JamesŠ  P ŠG.€Woodall,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Jody€S.€Pickens,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Š é 9  Šfor€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š Ņ!"! ŠÓAÓĢą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼’Y»XXŅOp#ŌŌ‡XŅOX»¼’YŌŠ ¤#ō# ŠĢņņóóŌ#†¼’Y»XXŅOĄ #ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XŅOX»¼’YŌą  ąThis€case€relates€to€the€defendantššs€conduct€toward€Frederick€Pearson€on€May€11,€2001.€€AtŠ w%Ē % Štrial,€Officer€Brandon€Moss€testified€that€he€was€working€for€the€Jackson€Police€Department€whenŠ `&°!& Šhe€responded€to€a€call€from€332€Fairmont€Street.€€He€said€that€when€he€arrived€at€the€address,€heŠ I'™"' Šfound€the€defendant€lying€on€the€front€porch€with€a€gunshot€wound€in€his€chest.€€Officer€JulianŠ 2(‚#( ŠWiser€of€the€Jackson€Police€Department€testified€that€when€he€arrived€at€the€scene,€he€found€a€blackŠ )k$) ŠTech„9€handgun€in€the€bushes.Š *T%* ŠĢą  ąKaska€Bond,€the€victimššs€sister„in„law,€testified€that€the€victim€lived€next€door€to€theŠ Ö+&', Šdefendantššs€aunt,€Erica€Cole,€and€that€she€saw€the€defendant€talking€to€his€aunt€on€May€11,€2001.€Š æ,(- ŠShe€said€that€when€the€victim€arrived€at€her€sisterššs€house,€the€defendant€walked€toward€her€sisterššsŠ Ø-ų(.ż ŠŌ_Ōhouse€and€pulled€out€something€from€the€crotch€of€his€pants.€€She€said€she€went€inside€her€sisterššsŠ ° Šhouse€and€locked€the€doors.€€She€said€that€when€she€heard€gunshots,€she€dialed€9„1„1.€€On€cross„Š ™é Šexamination,€she€said€she€knew€the€defendant€well€and€had€never€seen€him€with€a€gun€before.€€SheŠ ‚Ņ Šsaid€no€one€was€with€her€when€she€saw€the€defendant€approach€the€victim,€but€she€admitted€that€sheŠ k» Štold€the€police€that€her€sister€and€her€sisterššs€babysitter€were€outside€with€her€at€the€time.€€€€Š T¤ ŠĢą  ąFrederick€Pearson,€the€victim,€testified€that€on€May€11,€2001,€he€saw€the€defendant€at€aŠ & v Šconvenience€store.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€was€posing€and€making€hand€gestures€toward€him€andŠ  _ Šthat€the€defendant€made€death€threats€against€him.€€He€said€the€defendant€was€upset€because€he€hadŠ ų H Štestified€against€Marcus€Gillard€on€May€10,€2001.€€He€said€that€when€he€returned€home,€he€saw€theŠ į 1  Šdefendantššs€car€in€the€driveway€that€Pearson€and€the€defendantššs€aunt€shared.€€€He€said€the€defendantŠ Ź   Šwalked€toward€him€while€pulling€a€gun€from€his€pants.€€Pearson€said€that€he€grabbed€his€own€gunŠ ³  Šfrom€his€truck€with€his€right€hand€and€that€with€his€left€hand,€he€grabbed€the€defendantššs€gun.€€HeŠ œģ  Šsaid€that€he€shot€the€defendant€four€times€in€the€chest,€that€the€defendant€fell€down,€and€that€he€ranŠ …Õ  Šbehind€his€house€toward€his€garage€after€he€shot€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€beganŠ n¾  Šshooting€at€him€as€he€ran€and€that€a€bullet€grazed€his€shoulder.€€Š W§  ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Pearson€said€that€the€defendant€and€Gillard€robbed€him€in€NovemberŠ )y Š2000€but€that€the€defendant€was€never€arrested€for€the€robbery.€€He€denied€that€he€and€two€friendsŠ b Štold€the€defendant€two€weeks€before€the€shootings€they€were€going€to€get€€him€and€showed€him€theirŠ ūK Šguns.€€He€said€that€he€bought€his€gun€from€a€man€off€the€street€and€that€he€lied€when€he€told€theŠ ä4 Špolice€he€bought€the€gun€on€a€fishing€trip.€Š Ķ ŠĢą  ąMichael€Holt€of€the€Jackson€Police€Department€testified€that€he€investigated€the€incident€thatŠ Ÿļ Šoccurred€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim.€€He€said€that€he€found€the€victimššs€revolver€in€theŠ ˆŲ Šbackyard€and€that€it€contained€four€spent€casings€and€one€live€round.€€He€said€the€Intratec€Tech„9Š qĮ Šsemiautomatic€handgun€found€in€the€bushes€had€one€live€round€in€the€chamber,€twenty„one€liveŠ ZŖ Šrounds€in€the€magazine,€and€four€spent€casings.€€He€said€he€found€five€spent€casings€in€the€victimššsŠ C“ Šyard.€€He€said€there€were€two€gunshot€holes€in€the€victimššs€garage,€a€bullet€mark€on€the€vehicleŠ ,| Šparked€in€front€of€the€garage,€and€a€bullet€inside€the€garage.€€On€cross„examination,€he€said€that€theŠ e Šbullets€and€casings€were€found€on€May€12,€2001,€and€that€no€police€officers€were€posted€at€332Š žN ŠFairmont€Street€on€the€night€of€May€11€to€secure€the€crime€scene.€€Š ē 7 ŠĢą  ąDinnah€Caluag€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€testified€that€she€was€a€special€agentŠ ¹" ! Šfor€forensic€science€in€the€identification€of€firearms.€€She€said€that€tests€showed€that€the€bullet€foundŠ ¢#ņ" Šin€the€defendantššs€chest€was€from€the€victimššs€gun.€€She€said€tests€conclusively€showed€that€oneŠ ‹$Ū# Šbullet€found€in€the€victimššs€yard€was€fired€from€the€defendantššs€gun€and€that€one€bullet€from€theŠ t%Ä $ Šyard€was€consistent€with€being€fired€from€the€defendantššs€gun.€€She€said€that€eight€cartridge€casesŠ ]&­!% Šhad€been€chambered€in€the€defendantššs€gun€and€that€they€may€have€been€fired€from€the€defendantššsŠ F'–"& Šgun.Š /(#' ŠĢą  ąEbony€Smith€testified€that€she€was€the€defendantššs€girlfriend€and€that€May€11€was€theŠ *Q%) Šdefendantššs€birthday.€€She€said€that€she€drove€her€car€to€a€convenience€store€with€the€defendant€toŠ ź*:&* Šget€gas€and€that€after€the€defendant€paid€for€the€gas,€she€heard€someone€yell€something€at€theŠ Ó+#'+ Šdefendant.€€She€said€the€defendant€replied€by€saying€š šWhatšš€and€walked€toward€the€individual.€€SheŠ ° Šsaid,€to€her€knowledge,€there€was€no€trouble€at€the€convenience€store.€€She€said€she€took€theŠ ™é Šdefendant€to€his€auntššs€house€because€his€aunt€told€him€that€she€had€a€birthday€present€for€him.€€SheŠ ‚Ņ Šsaid€she€spoke€with€his€aunt€and€then€drove€away€from€the€house.€€She€said€she€heard€gunshots€afterŠ k» Šleaving€the€defendantššs€auntššs€house.€€On€cross„examination,€she€said€she€and€the€defendant€did€notŠ T¤ Šgo€to€his€momššs€house€after€leaving€the€convenience€store.Š =  ŠĢą  ąErica€Cole,€the€defendantššs€aunt,€testified€that€she€had€never€seen€the€defendant€with€a€gun.Š  _ ŠShe€said€she€was€talking€to€the€defendantššs€girlfriend€when€the€victim€drove€to€her€house.€€She€saidŠ ų H Šthat€when€Ebony€drove€away,€she€heard€gunshots.€€She€said€she€turned€around€and€saw€the€victimŠ į 1  Šshooting€the€defendant.€€She€said€she€heard€three€gunshots€and€saw€the€defendant€fall€down.€€SheŠ Ź   Šsaid€she€never€saw€the€defendant€with€a€gun.€€She€said€she€ran€into€her€house€and€called€the€police.€Š ³  ŠShe€said€she€heard€a€knock€at€her€door€and€opened€it€to€find€the€defendant€lying€on€the€front€porch.€Š œģ  ŠShe€said€she€heard€three€to€four€more€gunshots€while€the€defendant€was€at€the€front€porch.€€She€saidŠ …Õ  Šthe€defendant€and€the€victim€were€arguing€before€the€gunshots€were€fired.€€She€said€that€two€weeksŠ n¾  Šbefore€the€shooting,€she€saw€the€victim€and€two€of€his€friends€š šclickingšš€their€guns€while€theŠ W§  Šdefendant€was€at€her€house.€€On€cross„examination,€she€said€that€the€police€incorrectly€wrote€thatŠ @ Šshe€told€them€that€she€was€inside€when€she€heard€the€gunshots€and€that€the€defendant€knocked€onŠ )y Šthe€door€after€all€the€gunshots€were€fired.€€She€said€she€did€not€check€her€statement€when€the€policeŠ b Šwrote€it€because€she€was€in€a€hurry€to€reach€the€hospital.€€She€denied€telling€Officer€Moss€the€sameŠ ūK Šstory€that€was€in€her€statement.€€Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąAshley€Cole,€the€sixteen„year„old€cousin€of€the€defendant,€testified€that€the€victimššs€truckŠ ¶ Šdoor€opened€and€two€shots€were€fired€from€the€victimššs€truck.€€She€said€that€she€saw€the€victim€pointŠ Ÿļ Ša€gun€at€the€defendant€and€that€she€ran€to€her€house€at€that€time.Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€testified€that€he€never€robbed€the€victim€and€that€he€did€not€know€anythingŠ ZŖ Šabout€the€victim€testifying€against€Gillard.€€He€said€that€while€he€was€at€the€convenience€store,€theŠ C“ Švictim€threatened€him.€€He€said€he€was€only€carrying€a€gun€to€protect€himself€from€the€victim.€€HeŠ ,| Šsaid€that€as€he€approached€the€victim€from€his€auntššs€house,€the€victim€began€shooting€him€and€heŠ e Šfell€down.€€The€defendant€said€he€began€shooting€at€the€victim€when€the€victim€ran€away€from€him.€Š žN ŠHe€said€he€was€on€strong€medication€when€he€gave€a€statement€to€the€police€on€May€21,€2001.€€Š ē 7 ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€said€he€had€known€Gillard€for€about€six€years.€€He€said€Š ¹" ! Šhis€statement€to€the€police€on€May€21,€2001,€was€incorrect€because€he€did€not€go€to€his€motherššsŠ ¢#ņ" Šhouse€to€retrieve€his€gun€after€leaving€the€convenience€store.€€He€said€the€statement€was€incorrectŠ ‹$Ū# Šbecause€he€did€not€remember€what€had€happened€at€the€time€he€gave€the€statement.€€He€said€he€hadŠ t%Ä $ Šhis€gun€on€him€the€entire€day.€€He€said€that€when€the€shooting€took€place,€he€was€never€closer€thanŠ ]&­!% Šeight€to€ten€feet€from€the€victim.€€He€said€his€entire€statement€to€the€police€was€incorrect.€€Š F'–"& ŠĢŌ& ¤ ŌÓ  ÓI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEŠ )h$( ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€attempted€first€degreeŠ ź*:&* ŠŌ'¤)ė0Ōmurder€conviction.€€Specifically,€he€argues€there€was€no€evidence€that€the€defendant€acted€withŠ Ó+#'+ Špremeditation€or€that€he€intended€to€kill€the€victim.€€The€state€claims€the€evidence€is€sufficient€toŠ ° Šestablish€premeditation.€€We€agree€with€the€state.Š ™é ŠĢą  ąOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questioned€on€appeal€isŠ k» Šš šwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€ņņanyóó€rational€trierŠ T¤ Šof€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.šš€€ņņJacksonŠ =  Šv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence€butŠ & v Špresume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferencesŠ  _ Šfrom€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);Š ų H ŠņņState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Any€questions€about€the€credibility€of€theŠ į 1  Šwitnesses€were€resolved€by€the€jury.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€659€(Tenn.€1997).Š Ź   ŠĢą  ąCriminal€attempt€requires€that€one€act€š šwith€the€kind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€forŠ œģ  Šthe€offense€.€.€.€[and]€with€intent€to€cause€a€result€that€is€an€element€of€the€offense,€and€believes€theŠ …Õ  Šconduct€will€cause€the€result€without€further€conduct€on€the€personššs€part.šš€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ššŠ n¾  Š39-12-101(a)(2).€€First€degree€murder€is€the€unlawful,€premeditated,€and€intentional€killing€ofŠ W§  Šanother.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-13-201,€„202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€is€defined€as:Š @ ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņan€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€Š b Šš šPremeditationšš€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formedŠ ūK Šprior€to€the€act€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€killŠ ä4 Špre-exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accused€for€any€definite€period€of€time.€Š Ķ ŠThe€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedlyŠ ¶ Šdecided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€in€order€to€determineŠ Ÿļ Šwhether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€andŠ ˆŲ Špassion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.Š qĮ ŠĢҰ` U9ŅҰ` G9ŅTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€39-13-202(d).€€The€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€for€the€jury€and€mayŠ C“ Šbe€established€by€proof€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing.€€ņņBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660.€Š ,| ŠOur€supreme€court€has€delineated€the€following€factors€that€demonstrate€the€existence€ofŠ e Špremeditation:€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€particular€cruelty€of€theŠ žN Škilling,€declarations€by€the€defendant€of€an€intent€to€kill,€evidence€of€procurement€of€a€weapon,Š ē 7 Špreparations€before€the€killing€for€concealment€of€the€crime,€and€calmness€immediately€after€theŠ Š!   Škilling.€€ņņId.óóŠ ¹" ! ŠĢą  ąThe€record€in€this€case€reveals€sufficient€evidence€of€premeditation€to€support€theŠ ‹$Ū# Šdefendantššs€conviction€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostŠ t%Ä $ Šfavorable€to€the€state,€the€proof€shows€that€the€defendant€was€upset€with€the€victim€because€heŠ ]&­!% Šbelieved€the€victim€had€testified€against€Marcus€Gillard€in€court.€€The€defendant€told€the€victim€atŠ F'–"& Ša€convenience€store€that€the€victim€was€a€š šdead€man€walkingšš€and€that€he€was€š šalready€dead€andŠ /(#' Šdonššt€know€it€yet.šš€€Later€that€day,€the€defendant€drove€to€his€auntššs€house€and€waited€for€the€victimŠ )h$( Što€get€home.€€When€the€victim€arrived,€the€defendant€pulled€out€a€gun€and€walked€toward€the€victim.€Š *Q%) ŠThe€victim€grabbed€the€defendantššs€gun€while€the€defendant€attempted€to€shoot€him.€€The€victimŠ ź*:&* Šthen€grabbed€his€own€gun€and€shot€the€defendant€in€the€chest.€€The€victim€ran€from€the€defendantŠ Ó+#'+ Šafter€he€shot€him,€and€the€defendant€attempted€to€shoot€the€victim€while€he€was€running€away.€Š ° ŠAlthough€the€defendant€argues€his€version€of€the€events€is€correct,€the€credibility€of€the€witnessesŠ ™é Šand€the€weight€to€be€given€to€their€testimony€are€issues€to€be€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€thisŠ ‚Ņ Šcourt.€€ņņState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€The€jury€chose€to€believeŠ k» Šthe€testimony€of€other€witnesses€over€that€of€the€defendant,€and€that€is€its€prerogative.€€ņņId.óó€€WeŠ T¤ Šconclude€that€a€rational€jury€could€have€found€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€actedŠ =  Šwith€premeditation.Š & v ŠĢÓ  ÓII.€€SENTENCINGŠ ų H ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentence.€€He€argues€thatŠ Ź   Šthe€trial€court€improperly€applied€enhancement€factor€(9),€that€the€defendant€possessed€or€employedŠ ³  Ša€firearm.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-114(9)€(Supp.€2001)€(amended€2002).׃ׯ ƒ #ĆŻņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€In€addition,€heŠ œģ  Šcontends€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€refused€to€apply€mitigating€factor€(2),€that€the€defendantŠ …Õ  Šacted€under€strong€provocation;€factor€(3),€that€substantial€grounds€existed€tending€to€excuse€orŠ n¾  Šjustify€the€defendantššs€criminal€conduct;€and€factor€(11),€that€the€defendant€committed€the€offenseŠ W§  Šunder€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€lawŠ @ Šmotivated€the€criminal€conduct.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-113(2),€(3),€(11).€€The€state€contendsŠ )y Šthat€the€record€supports€the€twenty„two-year€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.Š b ŠĢą  ąAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€on€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€the€trialŠ ä4 Šcourtššs€determinations€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-401(d).€€As€the€SentencingŠ Ķ ŠCommission€Comments€to€this€section€note,€the€burden€is€now€on€the€defendant€to€show€that€theŠ ¶ Šsentence€is€improper.€€This€means€that€if€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,Š Ÿļ Šmade€findings€of€fact€that€are€adequately€supported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€andŠ ˆŲ Šproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€the€1989€SentencingŠ qĮ ŠAct,€we€may€not€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€were€preferred.€€ņņState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805Š ZŖ ŠS.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).Š C“ ŠĢą  ąHowever,€š šthe€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trial€courtššs€action€isŠ e Šconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingŠ žN Šprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.šš€€ņņState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Š ē 7 Š1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€of€meaningful€appellate€review,Š Š!   ŠĢŅ` °ŅŅ` °Ņthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€for€arriving€at€theŠ ¢#ņ" Šfinal€sentencing€decision,€identify€the€mitigating€and€enhancementŠ ‹$Ū# Šfactors€found,€state€the€specific€facts€supporting€each€enhancementŠ t%Ä $ Šfactor€found,€and€articulate€how€the€mitigating€and€enhancementŠ ]&­!% Šfactors€have€been€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€theŠ F'–"& Šsentence.€€T.C.A.€šš€40-35-210(f)€(1990).Š /(#' ЇŅ°` {PŅҰ` ‰PŅņņState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1994).Š ° ŠĢą  ąAlso,€in€conducting€a€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€review,€we€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€receivedŠ ‚Ņ Šat€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,€(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€andŠ k» Šarguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,Š T¤ Š(5)€any€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancement€factors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendant€made€onŠ =  Šhis€own€behalf,€and€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šššš€40-35-102,Š & v Š-103,€-210;€ņņseeóó€ņņAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€ņņState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€236-37€(Tenn.€1986).Š  _ ŠĢą  ąThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€presumptively€theŠ į 1  Šmidpoint€in€the€range€when€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors€are€present.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ššŠ Ź   Š40-35-210(c).€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€the€range€based€uponŠ ³  Šthe€existence€of€enhancement€factors€and,€then,€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€any€mitigatingŠ œģ  Šfactors.€€ņņId.ó󀀹š€40-35-210(d),€(e).€€The€weight€to€be€afforded€an€existing€factor€is€left€to€the€trialŠ …Õ  Šcourtššs€discretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€ActŠ n¾  Šand€its€findings€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record.€€ņņId.ó󀚚€40-35-210,€Sentencing€CommissionŠ W§  ŠComments;€ņņMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€ņņseeóó€ņņAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.Š @ ŠĢą  ąAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€victim€was€the€only€witness€to€testify.€€He€said€that€he€and€hisŠ b Šfamily€remain€scared€as€a€result€of€the€shooting.€€He€said€the€defendant€should€receive€a€fifteen€toŠ ūK Štwenty„year€sentence.Š ä4 ŠĢą  ąA€presentence€report€was€introduced€into€evidence€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€It€reflects€thatŠ ¶ Šthe€then€twenty-year-old€defendant€attended€school€through€the€eleventh€grade.€€The€defendant€hadŠ Ÿļ Šno€prior€criminal€record€and€no€record€of€arrests€as€an€adult.€€His€juvenile€record,€however,€includedŠ ˆŲ Šconvictions€for€aggravated€assault,€attempted€arson,€criminal€trespassing,€vandalism,€burglary,€Š qĮ Šaggravated€burglary,€theft,€attempted€theft,€domestic€assault,€and€shoplifting.€€The€defendantŠ ZŖ Šreported€no€physical€or€mental€health€problems€and€reported€no€alcohol€or€drug€usage.€€€TheŠ C“ Šdefendant€reported€working€for€AEMP€Corporation€until€October€2000.€Š ,| Šą  ą€Š e Šą  ąThe€trial€court€found€two€enhancement€factors€and€no€mitigating€factors€and€sentenced€theŠ žN Šdefendant€to€twenty„two€years,€two€years€above€the€presumptive€midrange€sentence€of€twenty€years.€Š ē 7 ŠTenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-210(c).€€It€applied€enhancement€factor€(9),€involving€the€defendantššs€useŠ Š!   Šof€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€crime.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-114(9)€(Supp.€2001)Š ¹" ! Š(amended€2002).€€It€applied€enhancement€factor€(20)€for€the€defendantššs€adjudication€of€committingŠ ¢#ņ" Šaggravated€assault€and€attempted€arson€as€a€juvenile,€offenses€that€would€have€been€felonies€had€theŠ ‹$Ū# Šdefendant€been€an€adult.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņid.ó󀀹š€40-35-114(20)€(Supp.€2001)€(amended€2002).Š t%Ä $ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€enhancement€factor€(9)€does€not€apply€in€this€case€becauseŠ F'–"& Špossession€of€a€firearm€is€a€necessary€element€of€the€offense€for€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€InŠ /(#' ŠņņState€v.€Bradfieldóó,€973€S.W.2d€937,€949€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€the€court€held€that€enhancementŠ )h$( Šfactor€(9)€was€an€appropriate€factor€to€consider€when€the€defendant€uses€a€weapon€while€committingŠ *Q%) Šā āthe€offense€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€because€use€of€a€weapon€is€not€an€essential€element€ofŠ ź*:&* Šattempted€first€degree€murder.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€was€correct€in€its€application€of€factor€(9)Š ° Što€enhance€the€defendantššs€sentence.€€Š ™é Šā āĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€mitigating€factor€(2),€that€theŠ k» Šdefendant€acted€under€strong€provocation,€because€the€defendant€responded€to€the€victim,€who€heŠ T¤ Šclaims€initiated€the€altercation.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40-35-113(2).€€However,€the€trial€courtŠ =  Šobviously€took€the€same€view€of€the€evidence€as€the€jury€did.€€The€evidence€shows€that€theŠ & v Šdefendant€initiated€the€altercation€because€he€was€upset€with€the€victim€for€testifying€against€hisŠ  _ Šfriend,€Gillard.€€The€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€was€waiting€for€him€when€he€arrived€homeŠ ų H Šand€that€the€defendant€pulled€out€a€gun€first€during€the€altercation.€€The€trial€court€and€the€jury€didŠ į 1  Šnot€accredit€the€defendantššs€claim€that€the€victim€initiated€the€confrontation.€€Based€on€the€testimonyŠ Ź   Šat€trial,€we€do€not€see€the€existence€of€provocation€that€would€justify€using€this€factor€for€mitigation.Š ³  ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€mitigating€factor€(3),€thatŠ …Õ  Šsubstantial€grounds€existed€that€excused€or€justified€the€defendantššs€criminal€conduct.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.Š n¾  ŠCode€Ann.€šš€40„35„113(3).€€The€trial€court€found€that€the€defendantššs€conduct€was€not€justifiedŠ W§  Šbased€on€its€review€of€the€facts€in€the€case€and€the€record€supports€the€trial€courtššs€conclusion.€€TheŠ @ Ševidence€shows€that€the€defendant€had€threatened€the€victim€earlier€in€the€day,€drove€to€the€victimššsŠ )y Šhouse€with€a€gun,€and€attempted€to€shoot€the€victim€as€soon€as€the€victim€arrived.€€The€defendantššsŠ b Šbeing€shot€does€not€justify€his€shooting€at€the€victim€because€the€record€reflects€that€the€defendantŠ ūK Šattempted€to€shoot€the€victim€first.€€The€evidence€does€not€show€that€mitigating€factor€(3)€shouldŠ ä4 Šapply.Š Ķ ŠĢą  ąThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€should€have€applied€mitigating€factor€(11),€thatŠ Ÿļ Šhe€committed€the€offense€under€such€unusual€circumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€that€a€sustained€intentŠ ˆŲ Što€violate€the€law€motivated€the€criminal€conduct.€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€šš€40„35„113(11).€€However,Š qĮ Šthe€proof€at€trial€showed€that€the€defendant€testified€he€had€been€carrying€a€gun€the€entire€day.€€TheŠ ZŖ Švictim€testified€that€the€defendant€had€threatened€to€kill€him€earlier€in€the€day€and€that€the€defendantŠ C“ Šapproached€him€first€at€the€victimššs€home€and€pulled€out€a€gun.€€On€the€record€before€us,€we€cannotŠ ,| Šsay€that€the€defendant€lacked€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law.€Š e ŠĢą  ąGiven€the€two€applicable€enhancement€factors€and€the€absence€of€mitigating€factors,€theŠ ē 7 Šrecord€supports€the€twenty-two„year€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€€Thus,€the€sentence€isŠ Š!   Šaffirmed.Š ¹" ! ŠĢŌ& _ Ōą  ąIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€courtŠ ‹$Ū# Šis€affirmed.€Š t%Ä $ ŠĢĢą0  ąą0` (#(#ąą0ø ` (#` (#ąą0ø (#ø (#ąą0h(#(#ąą0Ąh(#h(#ąą0Ą(#Ą(#ąą Ą ą€ą  ąą p ąą Č ąą  ąą x ąą Š ąą @Š ąŠ /(#' Š___________________________________Š )h$( ŠJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEŌ'_‹$,qŌ