WPC h7l_rOA/d1`:dWRpRYYFV mkWhg^5 !(RߏnJМgO?GjJ0yom19^sh,JR d3fv2f&D+?̾]Bōuwm*ԭ+S4> MVQlD7!G D=\DD٠1zPb^b<{R8 -eлh+4vhz " 3fNc'YV gyJ\f]7<1yND6< cSw4%:S#v'ͧLeȅʖ x_ľ& 2<~\6n 6.EX=`:Y1.^iֿ)O:(*&cjӶG+Y^v[U# F UNQ % 0( U: b w@ 4O c r z U:c  U: B D3 0D AOR 0Dg D/ BHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($,6 AZ"Arial Regular- - ] ^ _e_ ` Da Db c Vd De Ӏo uM%3|xv   X[wXXX IX X[w   Ad FILED X[wX I  September2,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular X[wXXXIXX[w   Ad FILEDX[wXI  August27,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular d%%%%'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  ^ ^ ^ ^ ` XXXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T7XXdd7      e e o e r *<,(j 8` `@E f ` 8ttxPX`  re o o r *<,(j 8` `@E f ` 8ttxPX`  ro e e INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEEATNASHVILLEAPRILSESSION,1998  STATEOFTENNESSEE,    )C.C.A.NO.01C019707CR00237 `  `     h     ) p  `   `  Appellee,  h     ) p  `   `     h     )DAVIDSONCOUNTYV. `     h     ) `   `     h     ) p  `   `     h     )HON.THOMASH.SHRIVER,JUDGE  `  MARCUSL.NELSON, h     )  p  `  `     h     )  p  `  `  Appellant. h     )(AGGRAVATEDROBBERY) `  FORTHEAPPELLANT: h      p FORTHEAPPELLEE: H  KARLDEAN   h      p JOHNKNOXWALKUP 8   DistrictPublicDefender h      p AttorneyGeneral&Reporter 8!  JEFFREYA.DeVASHER     p DARYLJ.BRAND (#  AssistantPublicDefender     p AssistantAttorneyGeneral ($ 1202StahlmanBuilding h      p 2ndFloor,CordellHullBuilding  % Nashville,TN37201 h      p 425FifthAvenueNorth &  `     h      p Nashville,TN37243 `     h      p VICTORS.JOHNSON,III )    `     h      p DistrictAttorneyGeneral * !  `     h      p KYMBERLYHAAS +"#   `     h      p AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral ,#$ 0 `     h      p WashingtonSquare ` %` %  `     h      p 222SecondAvenueNorth,Suite500̀ `     h      p Nashville,TN372011649 /x&' OPINIONFILED________________________AFFIRMEDTHOMAST.WOODALL,JUDGE  9(01     OPINION  `     ` TheDefendant,MarcusL.Nelson,appealsasofrightfromhisconvictionintheDavidsonCountyCriminalCourt.Followingajurytrial,Defendantwasconvictedofaggravated_ robbery_ ` burglary` andwassentencedtoservenine(9)yearsintheTennesseeDepartmentofCorrection.Inadditiontoarguingthattheevidencewasinsufficienttosustainaconvictionofaggravateda burglarya b robberyb ,theDefendantarguesthetrialcourterredininstructingthejuryontherangeofpenaltiesadvisingthepurportedminimumlengthoftimeDefendantwouldservepriortobeingeligibleforparole.Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt. ` Whenanaccusedchallengesthesufficiencyoftheconvictingevidence,thestandardiswhether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319(1979). f$ Onappeal,theStateisentitledtothestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidenceandallinferencestherefrom.Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978). F( Becauseaverdictofguiltremovesthepresumptionofinnocenceandreplacesitwithapresumptionofguilt,theaccusedhastheburdeninthiscourtofillustratingwhytheevidenceisinsufficienttosupporttheverdictreturnedbythetrieroffact.Statev. .$% Tuggle,639S.W.2d913,914(Tenn.1982);Statev.Grace,493S.W.2d474,476 0&' (Tenn.1973). ` Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvaluetobegiventheevidence,aswellasallfactualissuesraisedbytheevidence,ared c  7f./ c d resolvedbythetrieroffact,notthiscourt.Statev.Pappas,754S.W.2d620,623 9V01 (Tenn.Crim.App.),perm.toappealdenied,id.(Tenn.1987).Normaythiscourt `  reweighorreevaluatetheevidence.Cabbage,571S.W.2dat835.Ajuryverdict P  approvedbythetrialjudgeaccreditstheStateswitnessesandresolvesallconflictsinfavoroftheState.Grace,493S.W.2dat476. 0  ` JasonRaybontestifiedthatonAugust13,1995,hehadjustfinishedplayingbasketballatapproximately8:00p.m.Whilegettinginhiscartoleave,hewasapproachedbyafriend,Sandy.Astheyweretalking,RaybonaskedSandyifhewantedaridetothestore.SandyagreedandsomeofhisfriendsalsogotintoRaybonsvehicletogotothestore.Thesefriendswere BigOandtheDefendant.RaybondidnotknowtheDefendantbuthadseenhimnumeroustimesatthebasketballcourtandatMaplewoodHighSchool. ` Raybondroveaboutone(1)blocktoMagics,alocalstoreinNashville.SandywassittingbesideRaybon,withBigOandtheDefendantbehindhim.SandyandBigOgotoutandwentinsidethestore.TheDefendantgotoutofthebackseatandsatdownbesideRaybon,thenaskedRaybontotakehimbacktowherehehadpickedhimupatthebasketballcourts.WhenRaybonrefused,DefendantagainaskedhimtoleavebutRaybondeclinedtoleavebecauseheneededtotalkwithSandy.WhenSandyandBigOreturnedtothecar,theyleftandwentbacktothespotwhereRaybonpickedthemup.Whennoonegotoutofthecar,Raybonasked, Arentyougettingout?Defendantsaidhewasnotandaskedtobedrivenbacktothebasketballcourt.Raybondrovearoundthecornertowardsthebasketballcourts.HedrovethroughadarkparkinglotandtheDefendantshovedthecarintopark.  7.0  ` Defendantsaid, Getout,givemeeverythingyouvegot.WhenRaybon repliedthathedidnothaveanything,Defendantputaguntohishead,cockeditandrepeatedhisdemandsthatRaybongivehimeverything.Raybonrepeatedthathehadnothingexceptfortwodollars($2.00)inhispocket,butDefendantcouldhavethatifhewantedit.AsRaybonreachedforthemoney,hestartedgettingoutofthecar.SandyandBigOwerealsogettingoutofthebackseat,whileSandykeptsaying, Hescool,man.Hescool.Leavehimalone.Hescool.Defendantstartedsteppingoverfromthepassengersideofthevehicletothedriversside,forcingRaybonoutwiththeguntohishead.RaybongotoutandDefendantdroveoff. ` AsRaybonandSandywerewalkingoffthescene,RaybonaskedfortheDefendantsname.RaybonthoughtSandytoldhimtheDefendantsnamewas Mont.Raybonranbacktothestoreandcalledthepolice.OfficerHollidayrespondedtothatcallandRaybongavehimadescriptionofthesuspectandthedetailsoftheoffense.RaybonalsotoldHollidaythattheDefendantsnicknamewasMont.Onthefollowingday,RaybonwascalledtothepolicestationbyDetectiveCollinstocomeandlookataphotolineup.WhenRaybonsawthephotographs,theDefendantsphotowasnotamongthelineup. ` Five(5)orsix(6)dayslater,Raybonagainlookedataphotolineup.Duringthattimeperiod,helearnedthattheDefendantsnicknamewas Monkratherthan Mont.RaybontoldDetectiveCollinsofthisinformationandwasthengivena differentlineupto^ ^ examine.^ ^ ^ ^ RaybonimmediatelyidentifiedDefendantfromthe 8.. photographs.Raybonsvehiclewasfoundnearthewatercompanybyhissister,butthecarpethadbeenrippedoutandthegearsandairconditionerwereremoved.  ` OfficerErnestoHollidayoftheMetroPoliceDepartmentreceivedacallofacarjackingonAugust13,1995.WhenHollidayarrivedonthesceneat701DickersonRoad,Raybonwasstandingoutsideinfrontofamarket.HollidaytookareportofthecarjackingandgotadescriptionoftheDefendant.Raybondescribedablackmale,approximatelytwenty(20)yearsofagewithblackhairandbrowneyes,wearingawhitetshirtandblackkhakis.HealsostatedthatDefendantwasapproximatelysix(6)feettwo(2)inchesinheightandweighedonehundredeightyfive(185)pounds.RaybonsaidtheDefendantsnicknamewas Mott.HollidaydidnotaskRaybontospelltheDefendantsnickname.RayboninstructedHollidaythatSandyandBigOwerepresentduringthecarjacking. ` RaymondRadarworksintheidentificationsectionoftheMetroPoliceDepartment.RadarprocessedRaybonscarforanylatentprintsleftinthevehicle,butnonewerefound. ` DetectiveDannyCollinshelpedwiththeinvestigationinthiscase.HebegancheckingthefilesregardingthedescriptionhewasgivenoftheDefendant.Hecheckedthenicknamefileforthename Mottandhadnosuspectswhatsoever.HecalledRaybononAugust14,1995.RayboninstructedCollinsthatDefendantsnicknamewas Mont.ThephysicaldescriptionRaybonprovidedwasasfollows:blackmale;approximatelytwentyone(21)ortwentytwo(22)yearsofage;sixfeettall;190pounds;darkbrowncomplexion,andcleanshavenwithshortcroppedhair.  :00 Collinsagaincheckedthenicknamefileunderthename Montandfoundthree(3)suspectswithtwo(2)wholivedinthenearbyarea.CollinsaskedRaybontocometothepolicestationtoseeifhecouldidentifytheDefendantfromphotographsofthesuspects.TheDefendantsphotowasnotinthisgroupofphotographs.RayboncouldnotidentifytheDefendantfromthatgroupofphotos. ` OnAugust16,1995,RayboncalledCollinsandtoldhimthattheDefendantsnamewas Monkandnot Mont.CollinsagainsearchedthenicknamefileandlocatedsuspectswithsimilarphysicaldescriptionsasRaybonhadearlierprovided.WhenRaybonviewedthesephotographs,heidentifiedtheDefendantinthephotographsasthepersonwhohadstolenhiscaratgunpoint. ` TheStateconcludeditscaseinchief. ` TiffanyShantelleNelsontestifiedforthedefense.SheismarriedtotheDefendantandcouldnotrecallthatheeverbroughtamaroonNissanautomobileoranycarstereoequipmenttotheirhome.Also,NelsonhadneverseenDefendantwithagun. ` TheDefendanttestifiedthatheissixfeetfourinchestall,weighing195pounds.Heknowsthevictimfromhisneighborhoodandplayingbasketball,althoughhedidnotknowRaybonsrealname.DefendantstatedthatRaybonknewhimas Monk.DefendantdidnotseeRaybononAugust13,1995,nordoesheknowSandyorBigO.DefendantfurtherdeniedrobbingRaybonscarfromhimatgunpoint.  :00 Ї ` Aggravatedrobberyisarobbery^ ^ [a]ccomplished^ ^ withadeadlyweaponorbydisplayofanyarticleusedorfashionedtoleadthevictimtoreasonablybelieveittobeadeadlyweapon.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913402(a)(1).Robberyisdefinedas theintentionalorknowingtheftofpropertyfromthepersonofanotherbyviolenceorputtingthepersoninfear.Tenn.CodeAnn.3913401(a).DefendantarguesthatthevictimstestimonyaloneisinsufficienttoprovebeyondareasonabledoubtthatDefendantcommittedtheoffenseofaggravatedrobbery.RaybontestifiedthatDefendantgrabbedaloadedweapon,cockedthegunandputittoRaybonshead,andthendemandedthatRaybongetoutofthecarandgiveDefendanteverythinghehad.Afterrepeateddemands,RayboncompliedandDefendantdrovethecarawayfromthescene.Thecarwasfoundthenextdayandhadbeenstrippedofitscarpet,stereosystemandairconditioner.Theidentificationofadefendantasthepersonwhocommittedtheoffenseisaquestionoffactforthejurytodetermine.Statev.Strickland,885S.W.2d85,87(Tenn.Crim.App.^ ^ 1993),perm.toappeal #h denied(Tenn.1994).^ ^ ^ ^ ThetestimonyofRaybonidentifyingtheDefendantasthe %p perpetratorofthecrimeissufficient,inandofitself,tosupportaconviction.Id.The 'x victimstestimonyaloneisalsosufficienttoestablishtheelementsofaggravatedrobbery. ` TheDefendantalsoarguesthattheinconsistenciesinRaybonstestimonyprovidereasonabledoubtastohiscommittingtheoffense.AnydiscrepanciesinRaybonstestimonyareimmaterial,andthejuryhasalreadyresolvedanycontradictionsagainsttheDefendantbyvirtueoftheguiltyverdict.Thecredibility ofthewitnesses,theweighttobegiventheirtestimony,andthereconciliationof 8.. conflictsintheproofaremattersentrustedexclusivelytothejuryastrieroffact.Statev.Sheffield,676S.W.2d542,547(Tenn.1984). h    ` Inhissecondissue,Defendantclaimsthetrialcourterred^ ^ in^ ^ ^ ^ denyinghis^ ^ motions(1)^ ^ ^ ^ foranamendedinstructionontherangeofpunishmentand^ ^ (2)to^ ^ ^ ^ striketheportionoftherangeofpunishmentinstruction^ ^ which^ ^ ^ ^ advisesthejuryoftheminimumlengthoftimetheDefendantwouldservepriortoparoleeligibility.^ ^ Defendantarguesthisportionoftheinstructionisunconstitutional.The^ ^ ^ ^ followinginstructionwasgiventothejury:8 ` Thepunishmentforthisoffense[aggravatedrobbery]isimprisonmentfornotlessthan8yearsnormorethan12yearsandafinenottoexceed$25,000. ` (#` (# 8 ` Thejurywillnotattempttofixanysentence.Howeveryoumayweighandconsiderthemeaningofasentenceofimprisonment. ` (#` (# 8 ` Youarefurtherinformedthattheminimumnumberofyearsapersonsentencedtoimprisonmentmustservebeforereachingtheearliestreleaseeligibilitydateis.94years. ` (#` (# 8 ` WhetheradefendantisactuallyreleasedfromincarcerationonthedatewhenfirsteligibleforreleaseisadiscretionarydecisionmadebytheBoardofParolesandisbasedonmanyfactors.TheDefendantmayberequiredtoservetheentiresentenceimposedbythecourt. ` (#` (# 8 ` Ifyoufindthedefendantnotguiltyorhavereasonabledoubtastohisguilt,youmustfindhimnotguilty. ` (#` (#  ` ^ ^ Defendants^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ trialcounsel^ ^ ^ ^ filedamotiontochargethejuryontherangeofpunishmentandamotiontoexcludeaninstructiononparoleeligibilityasrequiredbyTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035201.^ ^ The^ ^ ^ ^ trialcourtoverruledtheDefendantsmotionregardingtheexclusionofthat^ ^ informationsinceitwasrequiredbystatute,^ ^ ^ ^ butgrantedthemotiononchargingthejuryonrangeofpunishment. 9// WhileDefendantnowclaimsthisinstructionherequestedwasunconstitutionalandviolatedhisdueprocessrights,wedeclinetofindthatthetrialcourterred.ThestatutedoesnotviolatethedoctrineofseparationofpowersnordoesitdeprivetheDefendantofhisrighttoafairtrialpursuanttohisrightofdue^ ^ process.Therefore,^ ^ ^ ^ thestatuteisconstitutionalunderthecircumstancesofthiscase.Statev.Howard   E.King,^ ^ C.C.A.No.02S019703CR00021,^ ^ ^ ^ ___S.W.2d___,slipop.at2,Shelby (  County(Tenn.,^ ^ Jackson,^ ^ ^ ^ July6,1998). ` SimilartothedefendantinKing,DefendantreliesuponFarrisv.State,535 @ S.W.2d608(Tenn.1976),^ ^ arguing^ ^ ^ ^ thatthisstatuteisunconstitutionallyvague.InFarris,theinstructiongivenbystatute providednoreasonableguidanceastothe P ramificationsoftheparolesystem.^ ^ King,C.C.A.No.02S019703CR00021^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ,^ ^ ^ ^ slip X op.at10.Conversely,thestatuteinquestionheredoesnotleavethejurytospeculateaboutthebenefitsoftheparolesystem,butrequirestheDepartmentofCorrectiontocomputeexactfigures^ ^ to^ ^ ^ ^ determinetheapplicationofvariousfactorsrelevanttoreleaseeligibility.Id.Jurorsareprovidedwith explicit,objectiveand 'x unambiguousguidancesufficienttoovercomeanyallegationofvagueness.^ ^ Id.^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ at )  11. ` Also,theDefendantcontendsthattheinstructionviolatedhisrightstoafairtrialbyanimpartialjurybaseduponamisleadingandinaccurateportionofthejuryinstructions.SimilartothedefendantinKing,theDefendantinthecasesubjudice 4** comparesjuryinstructionschargedtohisjuryonsentencingtothosejury^ ^ ^ ^ instructionsinStatev.Cook,816S.W.2d322(Tenn.Crim.App.1991).Thejury 8.. instructionsgivenontherangeofpunishmentinCookwerenotproperasthejury  :00 wasonlyinstructedonRangeIpunishmentwhenthedefendantwasactuallysubjecttopunishmentasaRangeIIoffender.^ ^ See^ ^ ^ ^ King,^ ^ C.C.A.No.02S019703CR h  00021,slip^ ^ ^ ^ op.at13.Defendantsjury^ ^ instructionsinthecasesubjudiceinformed^ ^ ^ ^  p  thejuryastotheshortestpossiblesentenceofeight(8)yearsandthelongestpossiblesentenceoftwelve(12)yearsasaRangeIOffender.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035112(a)(2).Additionally,thejurywasinstructedastotheminimumportionthatDefendantwouldservebeforebecomingeligibleforparole.^ ^ The^ ^ ^ ^ juryinthiscasewasproperlyinstructedastotherequirementsofthestatute.^ ^ See^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ id.at^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ 13.Under 8 thecircumstancesofthiscaseandthejuryinstructionsgivenunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035201(b)(2),theDefendantwasnotdeprivedofhisdueprocessrighttoafairtrial.Id.at17.^ ^ ^ ^  P  ` Finally,theDefendantclaimsthatthestatuteinquestionisinvalidbasedupon !` Farrisasanexercisebythelegislatureinjudicialauthority.^ ^ [H]aving^ ^ already #h acknowledgedtheauthorityofthelegislaturetoprovidearangeofpunishmentinstruction,wemustalsoacknowledgethatanexplanationoftherealityofearlyreleaseandparoleisnofurtheranencroachmentintothejudicialfunction.^ ^ IdV U .U V W W V ,V Y X .X Y Z Z [ .[ Z W W Z ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ \ slip )  op. )  \ at^ ^ ^ ^  )  8.Asthejurymustdecidetheissueofguiltorinnocenceandthetrialcourtmustdeterminetheultimatesentence,TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035201(b)(2)doesnot^ ^ violatethe^ ^ SeparationofPowersClausesoftheTennesseeConstitution.Id. 2((  ` Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt.] ]   :00  `     h   ____________________________________ `     h   THOMAST.WOODALL,JudgeCONCUR:___________________________________GARYR.WADE,PresidingJudge___________________________________L.T.LAFFERTY,SpecialJudge