ÿWPC’ *s!äŒÓG8i÷w†ÈŸÂ'÷91yŽXöÓJo?„™EúÛ„I8ÌÞã)ø Fxâ€~óÆvÔ–3‡ËþSh65Ç0‚èaÓaH§ims{î¥`ÜSÔ1ðàv!ꇳ‡]ñ.³…Ñ7:¢ÂžqôÌ»³b Áã/‡Ë¡”’'øNSýºÒ-uÆuo¾‹Ð™ÐÂoá·C[ÒÝ(™“PpŒ$øk;>!ýÕäâE&_ gX1ŠfÃŒ}:>ÊMjçqò€a¢:¶»ß*õ{>ÊôI⤹üfÔïîeá•Ý#jëg¤dåõF_ÝVI ÞÛhµWJÏÊ¡©{ŠcgáëuÎ*¥£Oa çLB&<Í® %cŒ¼øìÙûÆ7h?Œ¯o­M®d…˵ö|%ç8«Ã¾×Á]¶«8¬úh ÌAþcœ£*¯Ê"%Ÿº1¥)˜ƒ·šqýÄÝΨ2þO#äq ÚÙÆ÷Yøvþƒ%ùV€¸ÔE?JR]e†[¿Ä·k?£o±„+rrT6í=­n“§Ùôw$œÌÛÊô'leèõ`À •™zÕW¸4Ãr¦Y®Þ=ï< šgsßT›3ó@ëÕUob#Á\ % N# 0ˆ% UN­ ­ 0Dû z? Ò¹ z‹ Ò ^ × wã Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ94ÿN$E& m(?U@GGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGGb‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡‡ 0ë Bzz 0¤— D3; D-n 0K›› ASæÆ9 0¤ÿ 0D£ A«ç˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt­£†)â Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5•jW)좤ù£3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ (ÈhH  Z(Times New Roman - ù-(|G2ÐÏ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Qý»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôûeò»»Ô d(|3”$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Qý»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3”$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Qý»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Qý»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Qý»»»ÔÑ8€ !XXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îK,QýÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼Qý»îîK, #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓAssigned€on€Briefs€à @ àà @` àSeptember€27,€2000Ð üL ÐÔ‡X !X»¼QýÔÌò òÔ#†¼Qý»XX !##ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.òòóó€Ô_ÔRICKYÔ_Ô€LEE€Ô_ÔNETHERTONÔ_ÔÔ‡X !X»¼QýÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Cumberland€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€5321€€€€€€Lille€Ann€Sells,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„01016„CCA„R3„CD€Ð ¥õ  ÐDecember€6,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€appeals€his€conviction€for€especially€aggravated€robbery,€contesting€the€validity€ofÐ xÈ  Ðthe€indictment€and€the€length€of€his€sentence.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð d´ ÐÓ ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ <Œ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Qý»àX !Þ#ÔÔ‡X !X.¼QýÔJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJerry€L.€Smithóó€and€òòJamesÐ d ÐÔ_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð P ÐÌDavid€Neal€Brady,€District€Public€Defender,€and€Joe€L.€Finley,€Jr.,€Assistant€District€PublicÐ Ø( ÐDefender,€for€the€appellant,€Ô_ÔRickyÔ_Ô€Lee€Ô_ÔNethertonÔ_Ô.Ð Ä ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Clinton€J.€Morgan,€Counsel€for€the€State;€WilliamÐ œì ÐEdward€Gibson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Anthony€J.€Ô_ÔCraigheadÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ ˆØ ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð tÄ ÐÓxÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Qý»XX !§#ÔÔ‡X !X»¼QýÔÐ L œ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Qý»XX !s #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€X !X»¼QýÔà  àThe€defendant,€Ô_ÔRickyÔ_Ô€Lee€Ô_ÔNethertonÔ_Ô,€appeals€as€of€right€his€conviction€for€especiallyÐ $"t! Ðaggravated€robbery,€a€Class€A€felony.€€He€argues€that€(1)€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€dismissÐ #`" Ðthe€indictment€because€the€indictment€is€Ô_ÔoverbroadÔ_Ô,€confusing,€and€omits€essential€elements€of€theÐ ü#L# Ðoffense€and€(2)€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentence€by€improperly€applying€twoÐ è$8 $ Ðenhancement€factors.€€Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€Clifford€Reeves,€the€victim,€testified€as€follows:€He€owns€a€small€bar€in€Cumberland€Ð ¬'ü"' ÐCounty,€and€on€September€28,€1998,€at€9:00€p.m.,€the€defendant€came€into€the€bar€with€two€otherÐ ˜(è#( Ðpeople.€€Barbara€Reeves,€Jean€Ô_ÔWightmanÔ_Ô,€and€Sally€Ô_ÔWightmanÔ_Ô€were€in€the€bar€at€this€time.€€TheÐ „)Ô$) Ðdefendant€asked€him€about€some€guns€that€the€defendant€had€sold€to€him€four€years€ago.€€He€told€theÐ p*À%* Ðdefendant€that€he€no€longer€had€them.€€The€defendant€then€said,€ð ðYouððre€killing€my€brother.€€Iððve€gotÐ \+¬&+ Ðto€kill€you.ðð€€The€defendant€then€put€a€gun€to€Mr.€Reevesððs€head,€and€Mr.€Reeves€attempted€to€knockÐ H,˜', Ðthe€gun€away€with€his€hand,€at€which€point€the€gun€discharged€sending€a€bullet€through€Mr.€ReevesððsÐ 4-„(-ýG ÐÔ_Ôhand€and€into€his€leg.€€The€defendant€pointed€the€gun€at€Mr.€Reeves€a€second€time,€and€Mr.€ReevesÐ ° Ðhit€it€again,€causing€the€gun€to€fire€a€bullet€into€the€floor.€€The€defendant€demanded€to€be€given€theÐ œì Ðmoney€out€of€the€register€and€out€of€the€back€room.€Barbara€Reeves,€the€victimððs€wife,€gave€theÐ ˆØ Ðdefendant€the€money,€and€the€defendant€left€the€bar.€€Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àBarbara€Reeves,€€Jean€Wightman,€and€Sally€Wightman€testified€about€the€robbery.€€TheirÐ L œ Ðtestimony€was€substantially€similar€to€that€of€Mr.€Reeves€with€the€exception€that€they€did€not€hearÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€initial€conversation€between€the€defendant€and€the€victim.Ð $ t ÐÌà  àInvestigator€Wiley€Potter€of€the€Cumberland€County€Sheriffððs€Department€testified€that€heÐ ü L  Ðwas€assigned€to€the€defendantððs€case.€€He€said€that€he€processed€the€defendantððs€car€and€found€a€.22Ð è 8  Ðcaliber,€stainless€steel€revolver€under€the€driverððs€seat€and€two€hundred€sixty„two€dollars€in€the€carððsÐ Ô$  Ðconsole.€€He€stated€that€Deputy€Bobby€Barker€gave€him€two€hundred€ninety€dollars€that€was€in€theÐ À  Ðdefendantððs€pockets€when€he€was€arrested.€€Special€Agent€Robert€Royse€of€the€Tennessee€BureauÐ ¬ü  Ðof€Investigation€Crime€Laboratory€testified€that€the€bullet€recovered€from€the€victimððs€body€was€firedÐ ˜è  Ðfrom€the€gun€found€in€the€defendantððs€car.€€à À àà  àÐ „Ô  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€as€follows:€On€September€28,€1998,€he€and€two€friends€went€to€theÐ \¬ Ðvictimððs€bar€to€give€him€a€gun€to€pay€for€a€gambling€debt€incurred€while€playing€on€the€victimððsÐ H˜ Ðpoker€machine.€€When€he€pulled€out€the€gun€to€show€it€to€the€victim,€the€victim€grabbed€the€gun€andÐ 4„ Ðjerked€it,€causing€it€to€fire.€€The€defendant€asked€the€victim€what€he€was€doing,€but€the€victimÐ  p Ðgrabbed€the€gun€again,€causing€it€to€fire€a€second€time.€€The€defendant€then€said€that€the€victimÐ  \ Ðshould€pay€him€the€money€that€he€lost€playing€the€poker€machine.€€The€victimððs€wife€gave€him€a€bagÐ øH Ðof€money,€but€he€did€not€take€it€with€him€when€he€left€the€bar.€€The€defendant€explained€that€theÐ ä4 Ðmoney€was€found€in€his€car€because€one€of€his€friends€took€the€bag€of€money€when€they€left.€€Ð Ð  Ðà  àà ` àÌò òÓ  ÓI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€INDICTMENTÐ ¨ø ÐÌÓ  Óó óà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€indictment€charging€him€with€especially€aggravated€robberyÐ €Ð Ðshould€have€been€dismissed€because€it€is€overbroad,€confusing,€and€omits€essential€elements€of€theÐ l¼ Ðcrime.€€The€state€responds€that€the€indictment€is€sufficient.Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àThe€indictment€states€the€following:Ð 0"€  ÐÌà8  àThe€Grand€Jurors€of€Cumberland€County,€Tennessee,€duly€empaneled€and€swornÐ $X" Ðupon€their€oath€present€that€Ricky€Lee€Netherton€on€the€28th€day€of€September,€1998,Ð ô$D # Ðin€Cumberland€County,€Tennessee,€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€didÐ à%0!$ Ðunlawfully,€and€intentionally€knowingly€and€violently,€as€a€result€of€which€CliffordÐ Ì&"% ÐReeves€suffered€serious€bodily€injury,€and€by€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€to„wit:€aÐ ¸'#& Ðhandgun,€take€from€the€person€of€Clifford€Reeves,€money,€of€value,€in€violation€ofÐ ¤(ô#' ÐT.C.A.€ðð€39„13„403,€and€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.òòóóÐ)à$(Ð Ð  Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà  àUnder€both€the€United€Sates€and€Tennessee€Constitutions,€an€indictment€must€inform€theÐ ° Ðâ âaccused€of€ð ðthe€nature€and€cause€of€the€accusation.ðð€€U.S.€Const.€amend.€VI;€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Const.€art.Ð œì ÐI,€ðð€9.€€Furthermore,€its€form€must€satisfy€the€requirements€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202,€whichÐ ˆØ Ðstates€that€an€indictmentÐ tÄ ÐÌà8  àmust€state€the€facts€constituting€the€offense€in€ordinary€and€concise€language,€withoutÐ L œ Ðprolixity€or€repetition,€in€such€a€manner€as€to€enable€a€person€of€commonÐ 8 ˆ Ðunderstanding€to€know€what€is€intended,€and€with€that€degree€of€certainty€which€willÐ $ t Ðenable€the€court,€on€conviction,€to€pronounce€the€proper€judgment.Ð `Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€has€held€that€an€indictment€satisfies€the€constitutional€guarantees€ofÐ è 8  Ðnotice€to€the€accused€ð ðif€it€provides€sufficient€information€(1)€to€enable€the€accused€to€know€theÐ Ô$  Ðaccusation€to€which€answer€is€required,€(2)€to€furnish€the€court€an€adequate€basis€for€entry€of€aÐ À  Ðproper€judgment,€and€(3)€to€protect€the€accused€from€double€jeopardy.ðð€€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€954€S.W.2dÐ ¬ü  Ð725,€727€(Tenn.€1997)€(citations€omitted).€€Moreover,€our€supreme€court€recently€emphasized€theÐ ˜è  Ðð ðrelaxation€of€common€law€pleading€requirements€and€its€reluctance€to€elevate€form€over€substanceÐ „Ô  Ðwhen€evaluating€the€sufficiency€of€indictmentsðð€and€stated€that€ð ðindictments€which€achieve€theÐ pÀ Ðoverriding€purpose€of€notice€to€the€accused€will€be€considered€sufficient€to€satisfy€both€constitutionalÐ \¬ Ðand€statutory€requirements.ðð€€òòState€v.€Donald€Ray€Hammondsóó,€No.€E1997„00101„SC„R11„CD,Ð H˜ ÐSullivan€County,€slip€op.€at€6€(Tenn.€Oct.€2,€2000)€(for€publication).òòóó€€Our€supreme€court,€as€well€asÐ 4„ Ðthis€court,€has€held€that€ð ðwhere€the€constitutional€and€statutory€requirements€outlined€in€òòHillóó€are€met,Ð  p Ðan€indictment€that€cites€the€pertinent€statute€and€uses€its€language€will€be€sufficient€to€support€aÐ  \ Ðconviction.ðð€€òòState€v.€Carteróó,€988€S.W.2d€145,€149€(Tenn.€1999);€òòseeóó€òòDonald€Ray€Hammondsóó,€slipÐ øH Ðop.€at€6;€òòState€v.€Sledgeóó€15€S.W.3d€93,€95€(Tenn.€2000)€(citations€omitted);€òòHillóó,€954€S.W.2d€at€728Ð ä4 Ð(stating€that€in€support€of€relaxing€the€pleading€requirements,€ð ðthe€purpose€of€the€traditionally€strictÐ Ð  Ðpleading€requirement€was€the€existence€of€common€law€offenses€whose€elements€were€not€easilyÐ ¼  Ðascertained€by€reference€to€a€statuteðð€and€that€ð ð[s]uch€common€law€offenses€no€longer€existðð);€òòStateÐ ¨ø Ðv.€Kenneth€D.€Meltonóó,€No.€M1999„01248„CCA„R3„CD,€Sumner€County,€slip€op.€at€5€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ”ä ÐApp.€Aug.€4,€2000)€(ð ð[A]ssuming€satisfaction€of€the€constitutional€and€statutory€requirements€in€òòHillóó,Ð €Ð Ðan€indictmentððs€reference€to€the€pertinent€statute€will€cure€the€indictmentððs€omission€of€an€essentialÐ l¼ Ðelement€of€the€offense.ðð);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Brandon€Wilsonóó,€No.€1996„00006„SC„R11„CD,€BlountÐ X ¨ ÐCounty,€slip€op.€at€4€(Tenn.€Sept.€18,€2000)€(for€publication)€(holding€that€reference€to€theÐ D!” Ðappropriate€statute€provided€the€defendant€with€sufficient€notice€of€the€mental€element€which€wasÐ 0"€  Ðomitted€from€the€indictment);€òòState€v.€Larry€Edward€Engletóó,€No.€W1999„00283„CCA„R3„CD,Ð #l! ÐMadison€County,€slip€op.€at€4€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€May€8,€2000)€(holding€that€reference€to€felonyÐ $X" Ðmarijuana€possession€statute€cured€the€defect€in€the€indictment€of€not€alleging€the€amount€ofÐ ô$D # Ðmarijuana€in€the€defendantððs€possession).€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àIn€the€present€case,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€especially€aggravated€robbery,€which€isÐ ¸'#& Ðdefined€as€robbery€accomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon€where€the€victim€suffered€serious€bodilyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðinjury.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„403.€€Robbery€is€defined€as€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€theft€ofÐ )à$( Ðproperty€from€the€person€of€another€by€violence€or€putting€the€person€in€fear.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ |*Ì%) Ð39„13„401.€€Finally,€a€person€commits€theft€of€property€if,€ð ðwith€the€intent€to€deprive€the€owner€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðproperty,€the€person€knowingly€obtains€or€exercises€control€over€the€property€without€the€ownerððsÐ ° Ðeffective€consent.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„103.€Ð œì ÐÌà  àThe€indictment€does€not€contain€any€punctuation€between€intentionally€and€knowingly.€€TheÐ tÄ Ðdefendant,€without€explanation,€inserts€an€ð ðorðð€between€these€two€words€and€then€argues€that€theÐ `° Ðindictment€charges€ð ðunlawfully€and€intentionallyðð€or€ð ðknowingly€and€violentlyðð€as€alternative€meansÐ L œ Ðof€committing€the€robbery.€€Because€robbery€requires€theft€ð ðby€violence€or€putting€the€person€inÐ 8 ˆ Ðfear,ðð€the€defendant€argues€that€the€first€alternative€in€the€indictment€ð!ð€unlawfully€and€intentionallyÐ $ t Ðð!ð€fails€to€allege€the€ð ðby€violenceðð€element€of€robbery,€and€thus,€the€indictment€is€overbroad.€Ð  ` ÐHowever,€the€indictment€does€not€contain€the€word€ð ðorðð€between€intentionally€and€knowingly,€andÐ ü L  Ðwe€believe€that€the€lack€of€punctuation€does€not€imply€an€ð ðor.ðð€€Reading€the€indictment€in€this€way,Ð è 8  Ðthe€indictment€does€allege€that€the€robbery€was€committed€by€violence.€€In€any€event,€theÐ Ô$  Ðindictmentððs€reference€to€the€appropriate€statute,€as€discussed€above,€cures€the€indictmentððs€omissionÐ À  Ðof€an€element€of€the€offense€if€the€constitutional€and€statutory€requirements€outlined€in€òòHillóó€areÐ ¬ü  Ðsatisfied.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àAs€for€the€constitutional€requirements,€the€indictmentððs€factual€allegations,€which€includeÐ pÀ Ðsetting€forth€the€mental€element,€the€victimððs€name,€the€nature€of€the€injury,€the€type€of€weapon€used,Ð \¬ Ðand€the€property€taken,€inform€the€defendant€of€the€charge€that€he€was€facing.€€Moreover,€the€factualÐ H˜ Ðallegations€as€well€as€the€reference€to€the€pertinent€statute€provided€the€court€an€adequate€basis€forÐ 4„ Ðentry€of€a€proper€judgment.€€òòSeeóó€òòLarry€Edward€Engletóó,€slip€op.€at€3„4.€€Likewise,€the€factualÐ  p Ðallegations€and€the€statutory€reference€protect€the€defendant€from€being€placed€in€jeopardy€for€theÐ  \ Ðsame€offense€a€second€time.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€The€indictment€also€satisfies€the€statutory€requirements€ofÐ øH ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„13„202.€€The€facts€noted€above€are€provided€in€ordinary€and€concise€languageÐ ä4 Ðin€such€a€way€that€a€person€of€common€understanding€would€know€what€was€intended.€€Also,€theÐ Ð  Ðlanguage€was€sufficiently€certain€to€enable€the€court€to€pronounce€the€proper€judgment.€€Because€theÐ ¼  Ðconstitutional€and€statutory€requirements€for€a€valid€indictment€are€satisfied,€the€indictmentððsÐ ¨ø Ðreference€to€the€pertinent€statute€cures€any€defect€that€may€exist€from€failing€to€include€the€ð ðbyÐ ”ä Ðviolenceðð€element€of€robbery.€Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€should€have€dismissed€the€indictment€becauseÐ X ¨ Ðit€alleges€ð ðòòtakingóó€of€property,ðð€not€ð ðòòtheftóó€of€property,ðð€which€is€part€of€the€definition€of€robbery,€norÐ D!” Ðdoes€it€allege€the€elements€of€theft.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„103.€€ð ðTaking€of€propertyððÐ 0"€  Ðarguably€implies€that€the€person€intended€to€deprive€the€owner€of€property€and€that€the€owner€didÐ #l! Ðnot€consent,€especially€in€light€of€the€other€factual€allegations€in€the€indictment€ð!ð€including€that€theÐ $X" Ðvictim€suffered€serious€bodily€injury€and€that€the€defendant€used€a€handgun€and€took€money€fromÐ ô$D # Ðthe€victim.€€However,€taking€of€property,€unlike€theft€of€property,€is€not€legally€defined€to€includeÐ à%0!$ Ðthese€elements.€Therefore,€the€indictment€on€its€face€omits€the€elements€of€theft.€€However,€asÐ Ì&"% Ðdiscussed€above,€because€the€indictment€satisfied€the€constitutional€and€statutory€requirements€asÐ ¸'#& Ðset€forth€in€òòHillóó,€the€reference€to€the€especially€aggravated€robbery€statute€cures€this€omission.€€TheÐ ¤(ô#' Ðindictment€is€sufficient.€Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ h+¸&* Ðò òÓ  ÓII.€€SENTENCING€ISSUESó óÐ ° ÐÓ  ÓÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€imposed€an€excessive€sentence€by€improperlyÐ ˆØ Ðapplying€two€enhancement€factors€ð!ð€that€the€defendant€treated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty,Ð tÄ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5),€and€that€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€toÐ `° Ðcomply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð L œ Ððð€40„35„114(8).€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€remaining€enhancement€factor,€factor€(1),€does€notÐ 8 ˆ Ðjustify€by€itself€a€sentence€of€four€years€above€the€presumptive€sentence€of€twenty€years.€€The€stateÐ $ t Ðresponds€that€the€trial€court€properly€sentenced€the€defendant.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àÔ‡X !XXX !ÔWhen€a€defendant€appeals€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence€imposed€byÐ è 8  Ðthe€trial€court,€this€court€conducts€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€the€trialÐ Ô$  Ðcourtððs€determinations€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€The€presumption€ofÐ À  Ðcorrectness€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€consideredÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,Ð ˜è  Ð169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper€is€upon€the€appealing€party.€Ð „Ô  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d),€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.€€€However,€if€the€recordÐ pÀ Ðshows€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÐ \¬ Ðcircumstances,€then€review€of€the€sentence€is€purely€òòdeóó€òònovoóó.€€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.Ð H˜ ÐÔ#†X !XXX !CG#ÔÌà  àÔ‡X !XXX !ÔIn€the€present€case,€the€presumption€of€correctness€applies€because€the€record€reveals€that€theÐ  p Ðtrial€court€considered€all€the€relevant€facts€and€circumstances€as€well€as€sentencing€principles.€€TheÐ  \ Ðtrial€court€reviewed€the€presentence€report;€heard€the€testimony€of€witnesses,€including€theÐ øH Ðdefendant;€and€considered€arguments€of€counsel.€€The€trial€court€found€that€enhancement€factors€(1),Ð ä4 Ð(8),€and€(13)(C)€applied€but€that€factor€(4)€did€not.€€The€court€Ô#†X !XXX !ÙK#ÔÔ‡X !XXX !Ôstarted€at€the€presumptive€midpointÐ Ð  Ðsentence€of€twenty€years€but€increased€the€sentence€to€twenty„four€years€based€upon€the€presence€ofÐ ¼  Ðthree€enhancement€factors€and€the€absence€of€any€mitigating€factors.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€the€enhancement€factor€that€he€Ð €Ð ÐÔ#†X !XXX !5N#Ôtreated€the€victim€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð l¼ Ððð€40„35„114(5).€€Although€the€trial€court€commented€on€the€cruelty€of€the€crime,€it€affirmativelyÐ X ¨ Ðstated€that€it€was€not€an€enhancement€factor.€€The€defendant€acknowledges€this€statement€butÐ D!” Ðsummarily€asserts€that€the€trial€court€considered€this€factor€nonetheless.€€Based€upon€the€trial€courtððsÐ 0"€  Ðaffirmative€statement€that€cruelty€was€not€an€enhancement€factor,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€didÐ #l! Ðnot€apply€this€factor€in€sentencing€the€defendant.€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€improperly€applied€enhancement€factor€(8)Ð à%0!$ Ðby€relying€on€the€fact€that€he€was€on€probation€at€the€at€the€time€he€committed€the€present€offense.€Ð Ì&"% ÐThe€defendant€correctly€states€that€committing€an€offense€while€on€probation€does€not€trigger€theÐ ¸'#& Ðapplication€of€enhancement€factor€(8),€which€requires€a€òòpreviousóó€history€of€unwillingness€to€complyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwith€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€899Ð )à$( Ðâ âS.W.2d€175,€185„86€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(noting€that€factor€(13)(C)€applies€when€the€offenseÐ |*Ì%) Ðis€committed€while€on€probation).€€However,€the€trial€court€did€not€base€its€application€of€factor€(8)Ð ° Ðupon€the€fact€that€the€defendant€was€on€probation.€€The€trial€court€stated,Ð œì Ðâ âÌà8  àà ` àI€do€find€the€enhancement€(8)€applies€in€this€case€and€that€it€is€that€theÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€ofÐ `° Ða€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community.€€€The€court€specifically€finds€thatÐ L œ Ðas€an€enhancement€factor€and€that€this€defendant€was€on€probation€at€the€time€thatÐ 8 ˆ Ðhe€committed€this€offense.€€So€the€court€is€finding€that€that€factor€does€apply€òòasóó€òòwellóó.€Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌ(Emphasis€added).€€This€statement€reveals€that€the€trial€court€found€that€both€factor€(8)€and€(13)(C)Ð ü L  Ðapplied,€although€the€latter€was€not€referred€to€by€number.€€Moreover,€the€presentence€report€revealsÐ è 8  Ðthat€the€defendant€was€on€probation€at€the€time€he€committed€the€present€offense€and€also€that€he€hadÐ Ô$  Ðpreviously€violated€two€probationary€sentences.€€Therefore,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€bothÐ À  Ðfactors€(8)€and€(13)(C).€€Because€the€trial€court€properly€found€three€enhancement€factors€and€noÐ ¬ü  Ðmitigating€factors,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€increasing€the€defendantððs€sentenceÐ ˜è  Ðfrom€twenty€to€twenty„four€years.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð \¬ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h à€òòóóà€(#(#K(#àˆÐ H˜ ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð  \ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE