ÿWPC,3 B# ¬Æ· %} 0Dƒw@Ç4*U:2U:l 0 ˆ¦ 0D. 0Jr 0T¼ 0^ 0hn D3Ö 0r 0|{ 0†÷ 0} 1u 0d‚ U*æ B AO- Æ| 0`B 0@¢ 0Dâ B)& D/O B~DC› AMÞ+fH®aɵ*Qߎ0!¾vßÝU!E2$uw'ïì(v~Û+vÓY-˜HP LaserJet 4 PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÎLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 X(ñÄ$¡¡Ò€°ÒÒX°Ò *D*D *D!*"*E#*D$*D%*D&*D'*Ó€Úƒç"3|x2*, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularÂ"Arial Regular(8(3Åå$¤¤Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô(((('ÿÿdxd2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(Arial d*,-/Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(83¼$¢¢Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó% Line 7 d00'÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd....7Border 1dd*,1Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÔ€'ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€'XÔÌÌò òDecemberÏ9,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏCrowson,ÏJr.ÌÔ€'ôÔAppellateÏCourtÏClerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔThe€Appellant€does€not€challenge€the€sentences€or€convictions€on€the€other€counts.Ì WÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔOrdinarily,€the€appellate€courts€in€this€State€do€not€consider€issues€that€are€not€raised€in€the€trialÏcourt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pritchett›óó,€621€S.W.2d€127,€135€(Tenn.€1981).€€However,€if€the€error€is€plain€on€theÏface€of€the€record,€it€is€a€proper€consideration€for€an€appellate€court€whether€properly€assigned€or€not.€ÏòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ogleóó,€666€S.W.2d€58,€60€(Tenn.€1984);€òòState€v.€œMackey›óó,€553€S.W.2d€337,€340€(Tenn.Ï1977).€€Rule€52(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€states€that€an€error€affecting€ð ðtheÏsubstantial€rights€of€the€accusedðð€may€be€noticed€at€any€time€ð ðwhere€necessary€to€do€substantialÏjustice.ðð€€€€Ì «Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔThe€Appellant€was€charged€with€aggravated€kidnapping€under€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÏsection€39„2„301€(repealed€1990).€€Under€that€provision,€aggravated€kidnapping€was€a€Class€A€felony.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„118€(1990).€€Ì GÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔDuring€the€first€appeal,€the€final€volume€of€the€trial€transcript€which€contained€the€sentencingÏhearing€was€never€received€by€this€Court.€€The€Appellant€noted€the€missing€transcript€and€attempted,Ïunsuccessfully,€to€rectify€the€error.€€Through€no€fault€of€the€Appellant,€the€missing€volume€was€either€notÏprepared€or€not€filed€with€the€trial€court€clerk€until€after€the€first€appeal.€€€€€€€€Ì „Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Melvinóó,€913€S.W.2d€195,€201€(Tenn.€Crim›.€œApp›.€1995),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1995);€òòState€v.€œGoodwin›óó,€909€S.W.2d€35,€45€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1995).òò€óóÌ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔThe€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Appellant€and€entered€the€original€1990Ïjudgments€under€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989.€€However,€the€amended€judgments€entered€inÏ1995€show€that€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€Appellant€under€the€1982€Act.€€Nevertheless,€we€find€thatÏthe€trial€court€did€not€change€or€otherwise€alter€the€length€or€nature€of€Appellantððs€sentences€from€theÏoriginal€1990€judgments.€€The€only€difference€between€the€1990€judgments€and€the€1995€judgments€is€Ïthe€trial€courtððs€error€in€omitting€the€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction€and€including€an€extra€count€ofÏgrand€larceny.€€We,€thus,€conclude€that€any€òòPearsonóó€error€concerning€Appellantððs€sentences€is€harmlessÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Furthermore,€in€this€appeal,€the€Appellant€does€not€challenge€hisÏsentences€on€the€counts€of€aggravated€robbery,€grand€larceny,€and€aggravated€kidnapping.€€Therefore,Ïaside€from€correcting€the€1995€judgments€to€include€the€proper€counts€of€grand€larceny€and€aggravatedÏkidnapping,€we€limit€our€analysis€to€Appellantððs€sentences€on€the€assault€convictions.€€€€€€Ì lÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔFor€Range€I€standard€offenders,€a€Class€A€felony€carries€a€sentencing€range€of€fifteen€(15)€toÏtwenty€five€(25)€years.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1)(1990).Ì ÓÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔTwo€witnesses€at€the€sentencing€hearing€testified€concerning€the€Appellantððs€past€criminalÏbehavior.€€Clifton€H.€Sexton€testified€that€the€Appellant€had€assaulted€his€own€sister€with€a€gunÏapproximately€six€years€before€Appellantððs€trial.€€Another€witness,€Phillip€L.€Burchfield›,€testified€that€heÏand€the€Appellant€had€been€in€a€fight€in€which€the€Appellant€attempted€to€slash€him€with€a€knife.€€ThatÏincident€occurred€approximately€twenty€years€before€the€trial.€€The€police€were€never€contactedÏconcerning€either€incident.Ì ;Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔThe€Appellant€relies€on€òòState€v.€Marshallóó,€870€S.W.2d›€532,€542€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1993),€toÏassert€that€the€witness€testimony€regarding€his€prior€criminal€behavior€should€not€have€been€used€toÏenhance€his€sentences.€€The€Appellantððs€reliance€on€òòMarshallóó€is€misplaced.€€The€rule€in€òòMarshallóó€prohibitsÏthe€use€of€arrest€records€to€enhance€a€defendantððs€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€In€this€case,€however,€theÏtestimony€of€the€two€witnesses€went€further€than€a€mere€arrest€record€to€demonstrate€the€AppellantððsÏprior€criminal€behavior.€€We€find€that€it€was€properly€considered€by€the€trial€court.€€€€€€€€€Ì kÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔIn€its€brief,€the€State€failed€to€argue€why€the€application€of€enhancer€(3)€was€proper€in€thisÏcase.€€Nevertheless,€we€fully€address€the€issue€in€our€òòde€novoóó€review.€Ì åÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€'ôÔThe€State€contends€that€enhancers›€(5),€(6),€and€(10)€should€also€apply€to€the€AppellantððsÏassault€convictions.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(5),€(6),€and€(10)€(1990).€€Those€œenhancers›€apply€inÏcircumstances€where€the€defendant€treats€the€œvictim[s›]€with€exceptional€cruelty,€inflicts€great€personalÏinjuries,€and€exhibits€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€òòSeeóóÏòòid.óó€€Based€upon€our€decision€to€affirm€the€maximum€sentences,€we€need€not€address€the€application€ofÏthose€œenhancers›.€€€€€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€'ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€ ùù XXdðdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ќـ*ÙßR€231A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRßÞ ÞÌIN›€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌ€JANUARY€1997€SESSIONÌÓ  ÓÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà àà àà à)à àNO.€03C01„9606„CC„00212à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àà à)à àSCOTT€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€LEE€ASBURY,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌTED€D.€NORRISà àà àà àà à)à à(Sentencing)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)Ìà à€€€€€€€€€à àà àà àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTà àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóóÌÌMichael€G.€Hatmakerà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌP.O.€Drawer€417€€à àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌJacksboro,€Tennessee€37757à àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMichael€J.€Fahey,ÏIIà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€AttorneyÏGeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€Tennessee€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAlfred€C.€Schmutzer,€Jr.Ì€à àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à125€Court€Avenue,€Room€301„EÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àSevierville,€Tennessee€37862ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:__________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€AS€MODIFIED€ÌÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÑ€4ÑÇÓ  ÓÓÓò òOPINIONó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àòòÓ  Óà àóóThe€Appellant,€Ted€D.€Norris,€files€hisÏsecond€direct€appeal€to€this€Court€challenging€the€sentences€he€received€fromÏconvictions€in€the€Criminal€Court€of€Scott€County.€€After€a€trial€by€jury,€the€AppellantÏwas€convicted€and€sentenced€on€two€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€firstÏdegree€murder,€two€counts€of€armed€robbery,€one€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping,Ïand€one€count€of€grand€larceny.€€He€argues€on€appeal€that€his€sentences€on€the€twoÏcounts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder€were€excessive€and€thatÏthe€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€those€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.× ƒ5 ××  ×Ìà àAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€Appellantððs€sentences€on€theÏtwo€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder,€as€set€under€the€1989ÏSentencing€Reform€Act.€€We€find,€however,€that€the€trial€court€entered€an€improperÏjudgment€against€the€Appellant€on€a€second€count€of€grand€larceny€and€omitted€aÏjudgment€on€the€sentence€for€aggravated€kidnapping.€€This€error€was€not€raised€onÏappeal;€however,€we€find€that€it€is€plain€on€the€face€of€the€record.× ƒ6 ××  ×€€We,€therefore,Íaffirm€Appellantððs€sentences€but€modify€the€judgments€to€include€the€fifteen€(15)€yearÏsentence€for€aggravated€kidnapping€and€to€remove€the€extra€count€of€grand€larceny.Ì€€€€€€€€€€€€ò òà@ àFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óÌà àThis€case€has€a€long€and€tortured€history.€€In€1990,€the€Appellant€wasÏconvicted€by€a€jury€and€sentenced€on€two€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€firstÏdegree€murder,€Class€A€felonies;€two€counts€of€armed€robbery,€Class€B€felonies;€oneÏcount€of€grand€larceny,€a€Class€D€felony;€and€one€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping,€aÏClass€A€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€Appellant€as€a€Range€I€standardÏoffender€under€the€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989€and€ordered€him€to€serve€twentyÏfive€(25)€years€for€each€count€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder,Ïeight€(8)€years€for€each€count€of€aggravated€robbery,€three€(3)€years€for€the€count€ofÏgrand€larceny,€and€fifteen€(15)€years€for€the€count€of€aggravated€kidnapping.× ƒ7 ××  ×€€TheÏAppellant€was€ordered€to€serve€each€sentence€concurrently,€except€for€the€sentencesÏon€the€two€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder.€€ThoseÏsentences€were€ordered€to€run€consecutive€to€each€other€for€a€total€effectiveÏsentence€of€fifty€(50)€years€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction.Ìà àThe€Appellant,€thereafter,€filed€his€first€direct€appeal€to€this€Court€challengingÏboth€his€convictions€and€sentences.€€The€facts€surrounding€the€charges€against€theÏAppellant€were€set€forth€in€the€original€appeal€as€follows:ÌÓ33Óà8 àà à[œO]n›€June€2,€1988,€appellant€was€being€held€in€the€Scott€CountyÏJail€on€a€parole€revocation€warrant€after€being€arrested€for€œD.U.I.›€ÏDuring€the€late€afternoon€or€early€evening,€appellant€yelled€out€theÏwindow€of€his€second€floor€cell€and€told€the€officers€below€that€he€wasÏslashing€his€wrists.€€When€Deputy€Sheriff€Danny€Douglas€reachedÏappellant's€cell,€he€discovered€that€appellant€had€made€some€shallowÏcuts€in€his€wrists€with€an€antenna€he€had€broken€off€a€small€televisionÏset.€€After€the€officer€administered€first€aid,€appellant€was€moved€to€aÏthird€floor€cell€that€was€specially€prepared€for€prisoners€who€attemptedÏto€harm€themselves.Ìà8 àà àSometime€around€nine€o'clock€in€the€evening,€appellant€beganÏkicking€at€the€door€and€screaming€that€the€sheriff€had€killed€andÏchopped€up€his€children€and€that€his€wife€was€having€sex€with€the€menÏin€the€cells€across€from€him.€€After€the€deputy€arrived,€appellant€becameÏquiet€and€laid€down€on€the€floor€of€the€cell.€€Within€a€short€time,Ïappellant€once€again€began€screaming€and€yelling€that€his€entire€familyÏwas€dead.€€The€jail€administrator€decided€that€appellant€should€beÏtaken€to€a€hospital€for€a€mental€evaluation.Ìà8 àà àOfficers€James€Massey,€Jr.€and€David€Beets€were€at€theirÏrespective€homes€when€they€received€the€call€to€transport€appellant€toÏthe€Scott€County€Hospital€so€that€a€doctor€could€sign€the€appropriateÏorder€transferring€appellant€to€the€œLakeshore›€facility€in€Knoxville.€€WhenÏMassey€and€Beets€went€to€the€cell€and€opened€the€door,€appellantÏcame€rushing€at€them.€€They€pushed€him€back€inside€the€cell,€wrestledÏhim€to€the€floor,€and€finally€managed€to€handcuff€him.€€When€the€officersÏled€him€from€the€cell,€appellant€was€wild„eyed.€€He€had€a€bruise€and€aÏknot€on€his€forehead,€his€hair€was€in€disarray,€and€he€was€dressed€onlyÍin€his€undershorts.€€Appellant's€shirt€and€trousers€were€lying€on€the€floorÏof€the€cell,€and€he€and€his€clothing€were€soaking€wet.€€€Deputy€MasseyÏdescribed€appellant's€body€as€slick€and€slimy.€€Since€he€was€wearingÏno€shirt,€Deputy€Beets€grabbed€him€by€the€hair€to€steer€him€to€theÏbooking€room€and€the€patrol€car.Ìà8 àà àDuring€the€scuffle€with€appellant,€Deputy€Beets€ripped€his€pants.€ÏIn€order€to€change€his€pants,€the€officers€drove€to€the€house€whereÏBeets€was€living.€€Beets€entered€the€house,€changed€his€clothes,€andÏreturned€to€the€car.Ìà8 àà àUpon€arrival€at€the€Scott€County€Hospital,€Deputy€MasseyÏentered€and€returned€with€Dr.€œLatell›.€€Dr.€œLatell›€sat€on€the€passengerÏside€of€the€front€seat€and€partially€opened€the€sliding€window€whichÏseparated€the€front€from€the€back€seat.€€He€spoke€briefly€with€appellantÏand€decided€that€appellant's€condition€would€not€justify€sending€him€toÏthe€œLakeshore›€facility.€€Neither€deputy€was€in€the€car€during€Dr.€œLatell›'sÏinterview€with€appellant.€€Deputy€Massey€was€standing€nearby,€butÏDeputy€Beets€was€inside€the€building.Ìà8 àà àAfter€concluding€that€committing€appellant€to€œLakeshore›€was€notÏnecessary,€Dr.€œLatell›€and€Deputy€Massey€returned€to€the€emergencyÏroom€to€complete€the€paperwork.€€Deputy€Beets€met€them€and€the€threeÏmen€entered€the€hospital€together.€€Appellant€was€left€sitting€in€theÏpatrol€car€alone.€€The€keys€were€in€the€ignition€and€a€loaded€shot€gunÏwas€in€the€rack.Ìà8 àà àWhile€Dr.€œLatell›€was€at€the€desk€filling€out€the€required€form,Ïappellant€entered€the€emergency€room.€€A€handcuff€was€dangling€fromÏone€wrist.€€He€was€holding€the€shot€gun€in€his€other€hand.€€He€beganÏscreaming€that€the€rest€of€the€deputies€at€the€jail€were€dead€and€thatÏnow€it€was€their€turn.€€In€response€to€appellant's€order,€both€deputiesÏplaced€their€service€revolvers€on€a€counter.€€Appellant€picked€up€theÏrevolvers€and€told€the€officers€to€sit.€€As€soon€as€they€complied,€heÏbegan€firing.€€€Unbeknownst€to€appellant,€an€emergency€room€nurseÏobserved€the€confrontation€and€described€appellant€as€"mad."€€At€thisÍtime€Dr.€œLatell›€left€the€room.€€Appellant€shot€Deputy€Beets€four€times€andÏDeputy€Massey€three€times.€€Appellant€then€left€the€emergency€roomÏcarrying€the€revolvers€and€drove€the€patrol€car€away.Ìà8 àà àAppellant€drove€first€to€the€home€of€his€ex„brother„in„law.€ÏFinding€no€one€home,€he€left€the€patrol€car€parked€there€and€crossedÏthe€fields€to€the€home€of€Jerry€Terry.€€Appellant€forced€his€way€pastÏTerry's€two€sons€and€wife€and€into€the€Terry€house.€€While€assuringÏeveryone€that€he€would€not€hurt€them,€appellant€claimed€he€neededÏTerry€as€a€hostage€to€keep€himself€alive.€€He€and€Terry€went€to€the€backÏporch.€€According€to€Terry's€testimony,€appellant€was€"all€to€pieces"€andÏconfused€and€insisted€that€he€had€been€gassed€at€the€jail.€€AppellantÏtold€Terry€that€he€had€taken€off€his€clothes,€soaked€them,€and€stuffedÏthem€in€the€cracks€to€prevent€the€gas€from€entering€his€cell.€€Eventually,Ïappellant€was€persuaded€to€let€a€deputy€enter€and€to€let€Terry€leave€theÏhouse.Ìà8 àà àAfter€speaking€with€Clifton€Sexton,€an€assistant€district€attorneyÏgeneral€in€Scott€County,€who€had€known€appellant€for€years,€appellantÏmade€a€statement€to€Charles€Scott,€a€œT.B.I.›€special€agent.€€Agent€ScottÏadvised€appellant€of€his€rights,€and€appellant€executed€a€waiver.€€In€hisÏstatement,€appellant€said€that€Sheriff€œLaxton›€and€the€other€officers€wereÏtrying€to€kill€him€by€pumping€natural€gas€in€his€cell.€€He€also€said€that€anÏofficer€had€scratched€his€arm€with€a€broken€television€antenna.€€ÏAppellant€told€Sexton€that€he€knew€the€difference€between€right€andÏwrong,€was€not€crazy,€and€had€shot€the€deputies€because€he€did€notÏwant€to€be€killed.ÌÌòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Ted.€D.€Norrisóó,€C.C.A.€No.€œ03C01›„9209„CR„00331€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.,ÏKnoxville,€Apr.€24,€1994)€(footnotes€omitted).€€ÌÌÓÓà àIn€the€first€appeal,€we€affirmed€the€Appellantððs€convictions€on€all€counts,€butÏwere€unable€to€review€the€sentencing€issues€due€to€an€incomplete€record.× ƒ8 ××  ×€€We,Ïtherefore,€remanded€the€case€to€the€trial€court€for€a€new€sentencing€hearing.€€òòSeeóóÏòòNorrisóó,€C.C.A.€No.€œ03C01›„9209„CR„00331.€€Ìà àShortly€thereafter,€we€entered€an€order€allowing€the€trial€court€to€rely€on€theÏoriginal€sentencing€hearing€transcript,€if€located€and€refiled,€instead€of€conducting€aÏsecond€hearing.€€The€original€transcript€was€subsequently€filed€with€the€trial€court,Ïand€on€July€28,€1995,€the€trial€court€œresentenced›€the€Appellant€without€conducting€aÏsecond€hearing.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€Appellant€as€a€Range€I€offender€underÏthe€Sentencing€Act€of€1982.€€The€sentences€were€identical€to€those€in€the€1990Ïjudgments,€except€that€the€trial€court€omitted€the€conviction€for€aggravatedÏkidnapping€and€included€an€extra€count€of€grand€larceny.€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àThe€Appellant€now€appeals€directly€to€this€Court,€for€a€second€time,Ïchallenging€the€length€and€consecutive€nature€of€the€sentences€he€received€on€theÏtwo€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder.€€He€does€notÏchallenge€the€sentences€he€received€from€the€other€convictions.€€Consequently,Íupon€correcting€the€judgments€to€include€the€sentence€for€aggravated€kidnappingÏand€to€remove€the€extra€count€of€grand€larceny,€those€sentences€are€final.€€Ìò òà@ àANALYSISó óÌà àInitially,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€evaluate€the€Appellantððs€sentencesÏunder€the€guidelines€set€forth€in€òòState€v.€œPearson›óó,€858€S.W.2d€879,€884€(Tenn.Ï1993).€€The€Appellant€was€sentenced€in€1990€for€offenses€he€committed€in€1988.€ÏUnder€òòœPearson›óó,€the€trial€court€was€required€to€evaluate€the€Appellantððs€sentencesÏunder€both€the€1982€Sentencing€Act€and€the€1989€Act€and€to€impose€the€leastÏonerous€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€The€record€here€reflects€that€the€trial€court€relied€uponÏthe€1989€Act€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€However,€there€is€no€evidence€that€the€trialÏcourt€conducted€the€proper€òòœPearson›óó€analysis.Ìà àOrdinarily,€we€would€remand€the€case€for€a€new€sentencing€hearing€to€correctÏthe€trial€courtððs€errors€under€òòœPearson›óó.× ƒ9 ××  ×€€However,€in€the€interest€of€judicial€economy€Ïand€due€to€the€extended€procedural€history€in€this€case,€we€have€elected€to€conductÏa€òòœPearson›óó€analysis€without€remand€to€the€trial€court.€€From€our€òòde€novoóó€review,€weÏhave€compared€the€likely€sentences€that€the€Appellant€could€receive€under€both€theÏ1982€Sentencing€Act€and€the€1989€Act.€€We€find€that€the€1989€Act€provides€the€lessÏonerous€sentences,€and€therefore,€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€ordered€the€ÌAppellantððs€sentences€under€that€Act.× ƒ: ××  ×€€Furthermore,€we€rely€on€the€1989€Act€toÏaddress€the€sentencing€issues€in€this€appeal.€Ìà@ àò òI.ó óÌà àThe€Appellant€first€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€imposing€the€maximum€Ïsentences€on€the€two€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder.€€HeÏargues€that€the€trial€court€misapplied€two€enhancement€factors€and€failed€to€considerÏa€mitigating€factor.€€Although€we€find€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancer€(3)Ïto€the€assault€convictions,€we€conclude€that€the€remaining€enhancers€support€theÏmaximum€sentences€for€each€conviction.€€€€Ìà àWhen€a€defendant€complains€of€his€or€her€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòdeÏnovoóó€review€of€the€record.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€TheÏsentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctnessÏand€the€appealing€party€has€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(Sentencing€Commission€Comments).€€ThatÍpresumption,€however,€is€conditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€thatÏthe€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œAshby›óó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ìà àAt€the€time€of€the€Appellantððs€offenses,€the€minimum€sentence€within€the€setÏrange€was€the€presumptive€sentence€for€Class€A€felonies.€€If€there€were€enhancingÏand€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€was€required€to€start€at€the€minimum€sentence€inÏthat€range€and€enhance€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancement€factorsÏand€then€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€the€mitigating€factors.€€If€there€wereÏno€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€could€set€the€sentence€above€the€minimum€butÏstill€within€the€range.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d)„(e)€(1990).Ìà àThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€Appellant,€as€a€Range€I€offender,€to€the€maximumÏtwenty€five€(25)€years€for€each€count€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degreeÏmurder.× ƒ; ××  ×€€The€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors:€€(1)€The€AppellantÏhas€a€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior;€(3)€The€offenses€involved€more€than€oneÏvictim;€(8)€The€Appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€theÏconditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€in€the€community;€(9)€The€AppellantÏpossessed€and€employed€a€firearm€during€the€commission€of€the€offenses;€and€(14)ÏThe€felonies€were€committed€on€escape€status€or€while€incarcerated€for€a€felonyÍconviction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1),€(3),€(8),€(9),€and€(14)€(1990).€€TheÏtrial€court€did€not€find€any€mitigating€factors.€Ìà àThe€Appellant€first€challenges€the€application€of€enhancer€(1)€to€hisÏconvictions€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„114(1).€€He€contends€that€the€use€of€enhancer€(1)€was€improper€because€hisÏprior€criminal€history€consists€solely€of€a€1986€felony€conviction€for€passing€a€forgedÏinstrument€and€witness€testimony€concerning€prior€criminal€behavior.× ƒ< ××  ×€€He€arguesÏthat€the€non„violent€offense€in€1986€coupled€with€mere€allegations€of€prior€criminalÏbehavior€is€insufficient€to€support€the€use€of€enhancer€(1).€€If€the€trial€court€chose€toÏaccredit€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€regarding€the€Appellantððs€prior€assault€uponÏhis€sister€and€his€use€of€a€knife€during€a€fight,€then€Appellantððs€prior€history€of€criminalÏbehavior€was€established.× ƒ= ××  ×€€Obviously,€the€trial€court€accredited€those€witnesses.€€€€€€Ìà àMoreover,€we€find€additional€evidence€from€the€presentence€report€that€theÏAppellant€has€a€long€list€of€criminal€convictions€in€Scott€County.€€His€prior€criminalÏhistory€dates€back€to€June€15,€1970,€and€includes€public€drunkenness,€possession€ofÏmarijuana,€contributing€to€the€delinquency€of€a€juvenile,€criminal€trespass,€diversionÏof€electric€power,€and€passing€a€bad€check.€€That€evidence€demonstrates€a€previousÏhistory€of€criminal€behavior€and€supports€the€application€of€enhancer€(1).Ìà àThe€Appellant€also€challenges€the€application€of€the€ð ðmultiple€victimsððÏenhancer.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(3)€(1990).€€He€contends€that€the€use€ofÏenhancer€(3)€was€improper€because€he€was€charged€and€convicted€for€the€feloniousÏassaults€on€each€victim.× ƒ> ××  ×€€We€recognize€that€enhancer€(3)€is€not€applicable€whenÏthe€defendant€is€convicted€on€separate€counts€for€each€victim.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏœFreemon›óó,€943€S.W.2d€25,€31€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1996).€€In€this€case,€the€AppellantÏwas€convicted€on€two€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murderÏbased€upon€his€acts€against€the€two€police€officers.€€Accordingly,€the€application€ofÏenhancer€(3)€to€the€assault€convictions€was€improper.€€€€€€€€€€€Ìà àThe€Appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€apply€aÏmitigating€factor€to€his€assault€convictions.€€He€argues€that€during€the€commission€ofÏthe€felonies,€he€was€suffering€from€a€diminished€mental€capacity.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÍ40„35„113(8)€(1990).€€We€disagree.€€In€this€case,€although€there€was€evidence€thatÏthe€Appellant€experienced€mental€delusions€before€he€shot€the€two€officers,€the€onlyÏmedical€testimony€at€trial€revealed€that€he€did€not€have€a€mental€illness.€€DoctorÏœLatell›€testified€that,€before€the€shooting,€the€Appellant€was€free€of€any€mental€illnessÏsufficient€to€commit€him€to€a€mental€hospital.€€€€Ìà àThe€evidence€shows€that€the€Appellant€had€the€clarity€and€presence€of€mind€toÏfree€himself€from€a€police€car€and€calculate€his€brutal€attack€upon€the€police€officers.€ÏWe€find€that€the€Appellant€has€failed€to€prove€that€he€suffered€from€a€diminishedÏmental€capacity€sufficient€to€reduce€his€culpability€for€the€criminal€assaults.€ÏMoreover,€even€if€that€mitigator€applied,€it€would€be€greatly€outweighed€by€theÏexisting€enhancement€factors.Ìà àIn€summary,€we€find€that€although€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancer€(3)Ïto€the€assault€convictions,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancer€(1).€€Furthermore,Ïthe€trial€court€relied€on€enhancement€factors€(8),€(9),€and€(14)€which€have€not€beenÏchallenged€on€appeal.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(8),€(9),€and€(14)€(1990).€ÏAccordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€weight€of€the€applicable€enhancers,€coupled€with€aÏlack€of€mitigating€factors,€supports€the€maximum€twenty„five€(25)€year€sentence€onÍeach€count€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder.× ƒ? ××  ×€€Ìò òà@ àII.ó óÌà àThe€Appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€ordering€him€to€serveÏconsecutive€sentences€on€the€two€counts€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degreeÏmurder.€€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€properly€articulate€reasons€forÏordering€€consecutive€sentences.€€He€further€contends€that€the€record€fails€to€supportÏhis€consecutive€sentences€or€show€that€they€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€fromÏhis€further€criminal€acts.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.€€Ìà àThe€issue€of€consecutive€sentencing€is€governed€by€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€40„35„115€(1990).€€If€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€more€than€oneÏcriminal€offense,€the€trial€court€may€order€the€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€it€findsÏby€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€ð ð[œt]he›€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offenderÏwhose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ40„35„115€(4).€€Furthermore,€under€òòState€v.€œWilkerson›óó,€905€œS.W.2d›€933,€939€(Tenn.Ï1995),€the€trial€court€must€determine€whether€the€consecutive€sentences€(1)Íreasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed;€(2)€serve€to€protect€theÏpublic€from€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant;€and€(3)€are€congruent€with€theÏgeneral€principles€of€sentencing.€€Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€Appellant€was€a€dangerous€offenderÏwho€exhibited€a€very€low€regard€for€human€life€and€a€willingness€to€cause€great€riskÏto€human€life.€€That€finding€is€supported€by€undisputed€evidence€in€the€record€that€theÏAppellant€entered€a€hospital€emergency€room€with€a€loaded€shotgun€and€proceededÏto€disarm€two€police€officers€and€shoot€them€multiple€times€with€their€revolvers.€€TheÏAppellant€not€only€attempted€to€brutally€murder€the€two€officers,€but€he€alsoÏjeopardized€the€lives€of€several€hospital€employees€who€were€present€in€theÏemergency€ward.€€After€the€shooting,€the€Appellant€stole€a€police€car€and€thereafterÏheld€a€family€hostage€at€gun€point€for€several€hours€before€he€finally€surrendered.€€ÌThat€evidence€clearly€supports€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€the€Appellant€is€aÏdangerous€offender€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115€(4).€€TheÏAppellant€demonstrated€a€low€regard€for€human€life€and€he€showed€no€hesitationÏabout€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€€€€Ìà àFrom€our€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€also€find€that€the€Appellant€has€a€record€ofÏextensive€criminal€activity€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115Ï(2)€(1990).€€The€Appellantððs€presentence€report€indicates€that€he€has€several€Ïconvictions€including€diversion€of€electric€power,€public€drunkenness,€criminalÍtrespass,€passing€a€bad€check,€possession€of€marijuana,€and€contribution€to€theÏdelinquency€of€a€juvenile.€€Furthermore,€there€was€testimony€that€the€Appellant,Ïthough€not€charged€or€convicted,€had€previously€assaulted€his€sister€with€a€gun€andÏhad€attempted€to€slash€a€man€with€a€knife€during€a€fight.€€€Ìà àBased€upon€evidence€in€the€record,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€theÏAppellant€is€a€ð ðdangerous€offender,ðð€and€we€further€find€that€he€has€a€record€ofÏextensive€criminal€activity.€€However,€that€alone€is€not€enough€to€warrant€consecutiveÏsentences.€€òòSeeóó€òòœWilkerson›óó,€905€S.W.2d€at€938„39.€€We€must€also€consider€whetherÏthe€consecutive€sentences€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€crimes,€serve€toÏprotect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€the€defendant,€and€conform€to€theÏgeneral€principles€of€sentencing.€€òòSeeóó€òòidóó€at€938„39.€€€Ìà àFrom€our€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€record,€we€find€that€the€òòœWilkerson›óó€factors€areÏfully€met€in€this€case.€€The€Appellantððs€record€shows€a€continuous€history€of€criminalÏbehavior€which€has€not€been€rehabilitated,€but€instead€has€become€increasinglyÏmore€violent€during€his€life.€€The€assault€offenses€in€this€case€were€extremely€brutalÏand€were€committed€while€the€Appellant€was€serving€a€sentence€for€a€prior€felonyÏconviction.€€Under€those€circumstances,€the€record€supports€a€finding€that€theÏconsecutive€sentences€are€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€actsÏby€the€Appellant.€€Moreover,€the€sentences€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€theÍpresent€offenses.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€consecutive€sentences€areÏappropriate€and€congruent€with€the€general€principles€of€sentencing.€€€€€€Ìà àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€Appellantððs€consecutive€sentences€for€the€twoÏconvictions€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder€are€affirmed.€€TheÏjudgments,€however,€are€modified€to€include€the€fifteen€(15)€year€sentence€forÏaggravated€kidnapping€and€to€remove€the€extra€count€of€grand€larceny.€€€ÌÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌœ›œ›ÌœCONCUR:›ÌÌÌ____________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€œTIPTON›,€JUDGEÌÌÌ____________________________ÌœCURWOOD›€œWITT›,€JUDGEà àà àÌà àÌÓÓÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÑ  ÑÌÌÌÌÌÌÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEÌà@ à€JANUARY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà àà àà à)à àNO.€œ03C01›„9606„CC„00212à àà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àà à)à àScott€County€No.€6231€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€LEE€œASBURY›,€JUDGEÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)ÌTED€D.€NORRISà àà àà àà à)à à(Sentencing)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)à àAffirmed€as€Modified€€€€ÌÌÌÓÓòòà@ àJUDGMENTóóÌà àCame€the€Appellant,€by€and€through€counsel,€and€also€came€the€attorneyÏgeneral€on€behalf€of€the€State,€and€this€case€was€heard€on€the€record€on€appeal€fromÏthe€Criminal€Court€of€Scott€County;€and€upon€consideration€thereof,€this€Court€is€ofÏthe€opinion€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed€as€modified.Ìà àIn€accordance€with€the€opinion€filed€herein,€it€is,€therefore,€ordered€andÏadjudged€by€this€Court€that€the€Appellantððs€consecutive€sentences€of€twenty€five€(25)Ïyears€for€each€count€of€assault€with€intent€to€commit€first€degree€murder€are€affirmed;Ïbut€the€judgments€are€modified€to€include€the€sentence€of€fifteen€(15)€years€forÏaggravated€œkidnapping›€and€to€remove€the€extra€count€of€grand€larceny.€€This€case€isÏremanded€to€the€Criminal€Court€of€Scott€County€for€further€proceedings€inÏaccordance€with€this€Courtððs€opinion€and€for€the€collection€of€the€costs€accruedÏbelow.Ìà àIt€appearing€that€the€Appellant€is€indigent,€the€costs€of€this€appeal€will€be€paidÏby€the€State€of€Tennessee.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€M.€Barker,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€œTipton›,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àœCurwood›€œWitt›,€Judge€€ÌÌÌÓÓœ›œ›