WPCcG  Pbwj#*`#*Jc?ZHM!~S}wz~ySIJ Xpb=z(8V)_).s/yJ=5l Dp_cj6s[C=!GFݯ9߯=̨2n4NCK U:" (#"5L%L] rR(O)hPH 'NaXز^61iC<﯉URt뀱43Ŋ;HI'ܾI(¦* #ˑbM&xW-3)M/4IC^.g <5xw ViXTA(&Z?DD+RܽR~RCJ?xLw#OldO8=CUZGofq}w?2" ;6W Z"\4.[og# %k ^ q 0} URN wS 4W zk    m s R 0DjNUcN 0E 0 0Up 0 0 0 0e 0? 0 0 0 0C 0 0 0k 06 0 0 0 0D 0@ 0>! 0 " 0"b# 0# 0l$ 0.% 0% 0&`' 0()g)M+ 0>T, 0,U,- 0- 0. 0z/ 0\0 0>1 0 2 02 023 03 0:4 0Y5 0_m5 0 5 06 0X8 B*^: D/: 0: D/< 0< 06= 0= 0:> 02? 0^@ 0<{@ 1e@ BAU69A 0oA D5B D-HB 0KuBU>B ASBQC 0D 0DD ADU*E 1uE 72IFIF{FHP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6V,,,,V0٩H1 (`$.8dd8    ("  Z6Times New Roman Regularh_B0 File C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x U i__ Rv$      1    _Thisvictim,whosedateofbirthisJuly15,1992,waslessthanthirteenatthetimeofthecrime,and,in  accordancewiththepoliciesofthisCourt,werefrainfromusinghisname.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#$  0  &d9 Z6Times New Roman Regular0AA.Normal  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  <AA:Definition T  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  *+ (_2623  ..*D+J (_25   ," <DL,23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *A+J (_24   ) <DL)23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *>+J (_23  ` &<<DL&23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *;+J (_22   #DL#23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *8+J (_21    DL 23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *5+J (_20  h DDL23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  *2+J (_19   L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  */+J (_18    L23  ..  2( 4 <DL2  * (_1723  Ԁ*DJ (_16   ," <DL,23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *AJ (_15   ) <DL)23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *>J (_14  ` &<<DL&23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *;J (_13   #DL#23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *8J (_12    DL 23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *5J (_11  h DDL23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  *2J (_10   L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  (/J &_9    L23  Ԁ  2( 4 <DL2  ( &_823  (DJ &_7   ," <DL,23   2( 4 <DL2  (AJ &_6   ) <DL)23   2( 4 <DL2  (>J &_5  ` &<<DL&23   2( 4 <DL2  - -(;J &_4   #DL#23   2( 4 <DL2  (8J &_3    DL 23   2( 4 <DL2  (5J &_2  h DDL23   2( 4 <DL2  (2J &_1   L23   2( 4 <DL2  &/J $_    L23   2( 4 <DL2   NORTHCUTTGalliganPartinMcMinnvilleDeboraWatlington hypervigilanceCelexaSeroquelAltacePettus uncontrovertedCommn CmtsArnettBlakely S.CtApprendi a]nyAndrac]ourt Crim<AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5 ] Rv$      2    _Thisvictim,whosedateofbirthisMay30,1988,waslessthanthirteenatthetimeofsomeofthecrimes  againsthim,and,inaccordancewiththepoliciesofthisCourt,werefrainfromusinghisname. __ Rv$      3    _Intheinterestofprotectingthevictimsprivacywerefertotheirmotherbyherinitials.86Definition(hh&H1  5+ ` hp x 5      5+ ` hp x 5  ,cAZArial (]]&H2  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H3  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H4  5+ ` hp x 5 XXX 5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H5  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  (]]&H6  5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 5  2DD0Address  5+ ` hp x 55+ ` hp x 5  8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKW<6X9`(Courier NewKS\\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KW<6X9`(Courier NewKS\\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted  /%  ,Kk %#/KW<6X9`(Courier NewKS\\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/  <:zBottom of 7K(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?b%2A`Arial?  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S\\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  J)2dxd0KS.SampleKW<6X9`(Courier NewKS\\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKW<6X9`(Courier NewKS\\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable(|G2v$ !.8dd8         0  : 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  !"#$%&'( 35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. d<6X9`(Courier New(|3$ !.8dd8     VVVV)!dxdx)!dxdx( $ Figure  1  \  `&Times New Roman^_X`YE<<CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3$ !.8dd8     ($$   1  X[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8C HKKKK%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)ci) Rv$      4    _ԀIntheinterestofprotectingthevictimsprivacywerefertotheirfatherbyhisinitials. !.8dd8     _   8ߗXXdd8@hhvINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @gg$ATNASHVILLE#v #Ԉ #   AssignedonBriefsJuly21,2004 F XߗX #XXߗ#STATEOFTENNESSEEv.BOBBYNORTHCUTTXߗX  ? @@ OnDirectAppealfromtheCircuitCourtforWarrenCounty  9 @@Nos.F9187,F9255LarryB.Stanley,Jr.,Judge  # @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.M200302805CCAR3CDFiledOctober7,_2004_   AV) ` dE<]` A ^     XXXXߗTheDefendant,BobbyNorthcutt,pledguiltytotwocountsofrapeofachild,andthetrialcourt V  sentencedhimtotwentyfiveyearsinprisononeachcount,orderingthesentencestorun ? consecutively.TheDefendantappealshissentence,contendingthatthetrialcourt:(1)improperly (x failedtoapplyonemitigatingfactor#XߗXXX#XXXXߗ#m XX}#XX m;(2)improperlyappliedtwoenhancementfactors#XߗXXX~#XXXXߗ#m XX#XX m;and(3)erred a whenitorderedthathissentencesrunconsecutively.Findingthatreversibleerrorexists,wereverse J thejudgmentsofthetrialcourtandremandthecasefor_resentencing_.#XߗXXX2##XXߗt#XߗX 3  Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentsoftheCircuitCourtReversedand  Remanded     #Xߗ#XߗX.RobertW.Wedemeyer,J.,deliveredtheopinionoftheCourt,inwhichJosephM.Tipton,J.,and r JoeG.Riley,Sp.J.,joined#XXߗ #XߗX. [ MichaelD.Galligan(onappeal),RobertW.Newman(atsentencinghearing),JohnP.Partin(atplea -} hearing),McMinnville,Tennessee,fortheappellant,BobbyNorthcutt. f PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;MichaelMarkham,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;  8  DalePotter,DistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. !!!  @@OO& OPINION #XXߗ #XߗX ##     I.Facts $$ 9   Thiscasearisesoutoftherapeoftwovictims,G.P.M.  #  1      ׀andC.M.6 #  2      ׀IncasenumberF9187, a&!& theWarrenCountyGrandJuryindictedtheDefendantonsixcountsofrapeofachild,onecount J'"' ofaggravatedsexualbattery,andonecountofaggravatedchildabuse,forhisactionsagainstG.P.M. 3(#( IncasenumberF9255,theGrandJuryindictedtheDefendantonfourteencountsofrapeofachild  andtwocountsofrape,forhisactionsagainstC.M.  Ѐ#XXߗ #XߗX    Atapleahearingonbothcases,theDefendantpledguiltytotwocountsofrapeofachild. k IncasenumberF9187,theStatearticulatedthefactsasfollows: T 8  [Thecrimeinvolved]oralpenetrationbutthereweremultiplepenetrationsinregards & v tothisvictim.This...victimreceivedgenitalwartsfromthis[D]efendantandthats  _ howthiscasewasbroughttoourofficesattention.Thevictimhadsoughtout  H medicaltreatmentorhisfamilyhad,notawareofwhatwaswrongwiththechild.  1  Theywenttoadoctorwhothenreferredhimtoaspecialistandintheprocessofthat    theydiscoveredthischildhadgenitalwarts.Its[thestates]understanding[that]   aftertheinvestigation,thechild[related]whatallhadoccurredbetweenhimandthe   [D]efendantorwhatallthe[D]efendanthaddonetohimandatsomepointthe   [D]efendantgaveastatementadmittinghisinvolvementandalsowasdiscovered n  withgenitalwarts....W      IncasenumberF9255,theStatetoldthetrialcourtthattheevidencewouldshowthe )y following: b 8  [Thevictimwas]thebrothertotheothervictim,[andthiscaseinvolves]14counts 4 ofrapeofachild,[and]twocountsofrape.Thosetwocountsofrape[are  appropriatein]thattheyoccurredafterthechildwasovertheageofthirteen....  [Initially,]thevictim...didnotwanttodiscussanythingortalkaboutitbutafter  ...thefamily[was]seekingsomecounseling,herevealedtohispsychologist...  whathadhappenedtohimorpartsofthedetailsofwhathadhappenedwiththe q [D]efendantandthechildwastheninterviewedandgavedetailsofthesexual Z penetrationbeingoralandanalthathadoccurredtohim....C     Atthesentencinghearing,theDefendantscounselinformedthecourtthat,uponthe e Defendantsrequest,hewouldnotcrossexamineeithervictim.G.P.M.testifiedthathewaseleven N yearsoldandthathewassexuallyabusedbytheDefendantonceortwiceperweekbeginningwhen  7 hewasfiveorsixyearsold.Hesaidthattheabuseincludedsexualpenetration.G.P.M.testified !   thattheDefendantlivedinthesamehouseasG.P.M.andG.P.M.sbrother,C.M.,andbabysatthe " ! boysformanyyears.#XXߗn#XߗXG.P.M.testifiedthatheneverreportedtheabusetohisparentsoranyoneelse #" becausetheDefendantthreatenedhimwithharmifhetoldanyoneabouttheabuse.G.P.M.testified $# thathehadtoseekmedicaltreatmentasaresultoftheabuse. t% $   C.M.testifiedthathewasfifteenyearsoldandthathewassexuallyabusedbytheDefendant F'"& onceortwiceperweekfromthetimethathewasfouryearsold,in1993,untiltheDefendantwent /(#' tojailin2002.#XXߗ#XߗXC.M.testifiedthatthisabuseincludedsexualpenetrationandindicatedthathedid )h$( nottellanyoneabouttheabusebecausehewasfrightenedbytheDefendantsthreats.C.M.testified *Q%) thathewasundergoingcounselingasaresultofthisabuse. *:&*  +#'+   M.M.,#XXߗX#XߗX7 #  3      ׀theboysmother,testifiedthattheDefendantlivedwiththefamilyandbabysatthe  boysfromtimetotime.ShesaidthatshebecameawarethattheDefendantwasabusingG.P.M.  afterfindinggenitalwartsaroundhisrectum.M.M.testifiedthat,afterdiscoveringthegenitalwarts,  shetookG.P.M.toaphysician,whoinformedherthatthegenitalwartsweretheresultofasexually k transmitteddisease.AccordingtoM.M.,thephysiciantoldherthattheonlywayG.P.M.couldhave T contractedthegenitalwartswasthroughsexualabusebysomeoneinfectedwiththedisease.M.M. =  indicatedthatsheandherfamilywantedthecourttoimposeanextensivesentenceontheDefendant. & v   Dr.DeborahWatlington,alicensedpsychologist,testifiedthatshehadbeenproviding  H continuoustherapytoG.P.M.sinceSeptemberof2002.Dr.WatlingtontestifiedthatG.P.M.  1  sufferedfromhypervigilance,anxiety,sleepdisturbance,andflashbacksregardingtheDefendants    pastabuseofhim.Dr.WatlingtonalsosaidthatG.P.M.haddifficultiesatschool,including   difficultyconcentrating,restlessness,hyperactivity,socialwithdrawal,anddifficultyfocusingon   schoolwork.Dr.WatlingtonopinedthattheseproblemswerearesultoftheDefendantsabuseof   G.P.M.ShesaidthatG.P.M.describedtohertheDefendantsabuseofhim,whichincludedanal n  intercourseandotherinappropriatetouchingofgenitalia. W    Dr.WatlingtontestifiedthatshebegantreatingC.M.inOctoberof2002.Shetestifiedthat )y C.M.oftenaccompaniedG.P.M.andhisparentstoG.P.M.stherapysessions.Shesaidthat,after b onesuchsession,C.M.approachedherandaskedhertoscheduleanappointmentforhim.Dr. K WatlingtonsaidthatC.M.toldherthathewasalsosexuallyabusedbytheDefendant.Shesaidthat 4 hetoldherthattheDefendantabusedhimpriortoabusingG.P.M. XXXXߗԀ Dr.Watlingtontestified,  8      8  Hehaddecidedtodisclose[theabusetome]becausehefeltlikeIwassomeonehe  couldtrustandtalkto,[he]knew[G.P.M.]wasseeingmeforcounseling,andatthat  pointfeltthatitwassafeforhimtodisclose.Atthattime[theDefendant]was t incarcerated.Hehadntdisclosed[theabusetoanyone]priortothatduetofear.]     Dr.WatlingtonstatedthatC.M.sproblemsweremoresignificantthanhisyoungerbrothers / becauseC.M.sabusewasforalongerperiod.Dr.WatlingtontestifiedthatC.M.questionedhis h ownsexualityandfearedthathewashomosexual.Dr.Watlingtonsaid, Anytimetherewasany  Q kindofreferenceinthemediaorstudentssayinggayorhomo,hewassuretheyweretalkingabout  : him....AccordingtoDr.Watlington,C.M.sufferedfromextremesleepdifficulties tothepoint !#  thattheparents[sought]...medicalrelieftotrytohelpwithsomeofthatanxiety.Dr.Watlington " ! summarizedthat [C.M.]isfailingatschooland continuestohaveverylimitedsocialoutlets.. #" ..Hehasquiteafewissuestoworkthrough.Dr.Watlingtonexplainedthat,whileC.M.ismaking $# improvement,itis goingtotakesomeextensivetherapybecauseofthelengthoftimethiswent w% $ on. `&!%   Oncrossexamination,Dr.WatlingtonacknowledgedthattheDefendantsdecisionnotto I'"& crossexaminethevictimswashelpfultothem.ShealsosaidthatthedrugCelexa,whichthe 2(#' Defendanthadbeenprescribed,wasusedtotreatmajordepressionandSeroquel,whichthe )k$( Defendantwasalsoprescribed,wasusuallyprescribedtotreatschizophrenia.Dr.Watlingtonstated  thatsomesymptomsofschizophreniaincludedelusions,auditoryhallucinations,and justnotbeing  abletodiscernreality.    Inadditiontothetestimonyofthewitnesses,thetrialcourtadmittedapresentencereportinto T evidence,whichitconsideredwhendeterminingtheDefendantssentence.Accordingtothereport, =  theDefendantwasthirtynineyearsoldandsingleatthetimeofthesentencinghearing.Thereport & v showedthattheDefendanthadwrittenanapologyforhiscrimes,stating, Atthetimeofthisoffense  _ Iwaslivingandworkingwith[thevictimsfather].Ibecamesexuallyinvolvedwithhistwosons.  H ImsorryforwhatIdidandforanyhurtIcausedanyone.Idonthaveanyreasonsorexcusesfor  1  whatIdid.ThereportalsocontainedastatementfromtheinvestigatorfortheDistrictAttorney    General:   8  I...receivedinformationthat[theDefendant]hadsexualrelationswith[C.M.].   [C.M.]wasinterviewedby[theTennessee]DepartmentofChildrenServicesand n  statedthat[theDefendant]hadbeenhavingsexwithhimsinceabout1994and W  continueduntil2002when[theDefendant]wenttojail....[C.M.]statedthat[the @ Defendant]penetratedhimanallyandorallyatleastoneortwotimesamonthduring )y 1994to2002.[TheDefendant]wouldhavethechildsleepwithhimand...this b wouldoccurwheretherewereweaponsintheroom[,]and[theDefendant]would K threatenthechildthathewouldkillhimorhisfamily.4   Finally,thereportdocumentedtheDefendantspriorcriminalrecord.TheDefendanthadbeen  convictedoffirstdegreeburglary,severalcountsofdrivingwhileundertheinfluenceofan  intoxicant,andtwocountsoftheftofproperty.    Withregardtomitigatingfactors,theDefendantclaimedthathehadahistoryofsustained Z employment,withanindicationofastrongworkethic.Accordingtothepresentencereport,the C DefendantspentaconsiderableamountoftimedoingloggingworkforG.M.f #  4      ,thevictimsfather. ,| Priortothat,heworkedatametalfabricationplant.TheDefendantclaimedthathishistoryof e sustainedemployment,indicatingastrongworkethic,wasavalidmitigatingfactor.Additionally, N theDefendantaskedthecourttoconsiderinitssentencingdecisionhiscooperationwiththe  7 investigation,hisguiltyplea,hisrefusaltohavethevictimscrossexaminedinordertoavoidfurther !   mentalharmtothem,andthefactthatevenatwentyyearsentencewouldeffectivelybealife " ! sentenceforhim,givenhisageandhisineligibilityforparole.Finally,theDefendantstatedthathe #" wasbeingtreatedatamentalhealthcenterforhisnerves,depression,andanxiety,andhadbeen $# prescribedCelexa,Altace,andSeroquel. t% $     TheStatefiledsevenenhancementfactorswiththetrialcourt.TheStaterequestedthatthe F'"& trialcourtenhancetheDefendantssentencebaseduponhispriorcriminalhistory,whichincluded /(#' severaldrunkdrivingcitations,burglary,andtheftofproperty.Inaddition,theStatecontendedthat )h$( theoffensesinvolvedmorethanonevictim,thepersonalinjuriesinflictedupononeofthevictims  wereparticularlygreat,theDefendantwasonbailwhenhecommittedtheoffense,andthe  Defendanthadabusedapositionofprivatetrust.Finally,theStateclaimedthatthevictimswere  particularlyvulnerablebecauseoftheiragesandthattheoffensewascommittedtogratifythe k Defendantsdesireforpleasureorexcitement.  T   WhensentencingtheDefendant,thetrialcourtfoundthatthefollowingenhancementfactors ' w wereapplicableunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035114(2003):(2)#m XX#XX m#XߗXXX\)#XXXXߗԀtheDefendants  ` priorcriminalhistory;(5)#m XX?D#XX m#XߗXXXD#XXXXߗԀthevictimsparticularvulnerabilityduetotheiragesatthetimeofthe  I offenses#m XXE#XX m#XߗXXXHE#XXXXߗ;(7)theparticularseverityofthevictimsinjuries#XߗXXX7F#XXXXߗ#m XXE#XX m;(8)theDefendantscommissionofthe  2  offensetogratifyhisdesireforpleasureorexcitement#m XXF#XX m#XߗXXXF#XXXXߗ;and(16)theDefendantsabuseofaposition    ofprivatetrust#XߗXXXG#XXXXߗ#m XXG#XX m.ThetrialcourtfoundasamitigatingfactorthattheDefendanthadasustainedwork   historybutaffordeditlittleweight.Asaresultofitsconsiderationoftheenhancementand   mitigatingfactors,thetrialcourtimposedatwentyfiveyearsentenceforeachconviction.Thetrial   courtorderedthatthesentencesrunconsecutivelyunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035 o  115(b)(5)(2003),whichstates: X  8  Thecourtmayordersentencesthatrunconsecutivelyifthecourtfindsbya *z preponderanceoftheevidencethat:c   8  (5)Thedefendantisconvictedoftwo(2)ormorestatutoryoffensesinvolvingsexual 5 abuseofaminorwithconsiderationoftheaggravatingcircumstancesarisingfrom  therelationshipbetweenthedefendantandthevictimorvictims,thetimespanof  defendantsundetectedsexualactivity,thenatureandscopeofthesexualactsand  theextentoftheresidual,physicalandmentaldamagetothevictimorvictims.   Inrelyingonthisstatutorybasisforimposingconsecutivesentences,thetrialcourtcitedthe [ enhancementfactorsithadalreadyapplied,thelengthoftimethattheabusewenton,thesevere D natureofthementalharmtobothvictims,andthethreatsthattheDefendantmadetokeepthe -} victimsfromreportingtheirabuse. f   TheDefendantappeals,contendingthatthetrialcourt:(1)improperlyfailedtoapplyone  8 mitigatingfactor;(2)improperlyappliedtwoenhancementfactors;and(3)erredwhenitordered !!  thathissentencesrunconsecutively.#XߗXXXH#XXXXߗ#m XXH#XX m " !   #XߗXXXP#:X XXXߗ#:OX:X P#:76:O #:O:76sQ#Q:X X:O#XߗXX:X 1Q#XXXXߗ  II.Analysis $ # *R   Whenadefendantchallengesthelengthormannerofserviceofasentence,itisthedutyof &!% thisCourttoconductadenovoreviewoftherecordwithapresumptionthat thedeterminations '"& madebythecourtfromwhichtheappealistakenarecorrect.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d) o(#' (2003).Thispresumptionis conditionedupontheaffirmativeshowingintherecordthatthetrial X)$( courtconsideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Statev.Ross, A*%) 49S.W.3d833,847(Tenn.2001)(quotingStatev.Pettus,986S.W.2d540,543(Tenn.1999));State *+z&* v.Ashby,823S.W.2d166,169(Tenn.1991).Thepresumptiondoesnotapplytothelegal ,c'+ conclusionsreachedbythetrialcourtinsentencingadefendantortothedeterminationsmadeby  thetrialcourtwhicharepredicateduponuncontrovertedfacts.Statev.Dean,76S.W.3d352,377  (Tenn.Crim.App.2001);Statev.Butler,900S.W.2d305,311(Tenn.Crim.App.1994);Statev.  Smith891S.W.2d922,929(Tenn.Crim.App.1994).Inconductingadenovoreviewofasentence, k wemustconsider:(a)anyevidencereceivedatthetrialand/orsentencinghearing;(b)the T presentencereport;_(c_)theprinciplesofsentencing;(d)theargumentsofcounselrelativeto =  sentencingalternatives;(e)thenatureandcharacteristicsoftheoffense;(f)anymitigatingor & v statutoryenhancementfactors;(g)anystatementsmadebythedefendantonhisorherownbehalf;  _ and(h)thedefendantspotentialorlackofpotentialforrehabilitationortreatment.Tenn.Code  H Ann.4035210(2003);Statev.Taylor,63S.W.3d400,411(Tenn.Crim.App.2001).Theparty  1  challengingasentenceimposedbythetrialcourthastheburdenofestablishingthatthesentenceis    erroneous.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401(d),SentencingCommnCmts.   #XߗXXX R##XXߗQ#m XX m    `   Inthecaseundersubmission,weconcludethatthereisampleevidencethatthetrialcourt   consideredthesentencingprinciplesandallrelevantfactsandcircumstances.Therefore,wereview n  itsdecisiondenovowithapresumptionofcorrectness.Accordingly,solongasthetrialcourt W  compliedwiththepurposesandproceduresofthe1989SentencingActanditsfindingsare @ supportedbythefactualrecord,thisCourtmaynotdisturbthissentenceevenifwewouldhave )y preferredadifferentresult.SeeTenn.CodeAnn.4035210,SentencingCommnCmts;Statev. b Fletcher,805S.W.2d785,789(Tenn.Crim.App.1991).Wenotethatthedefendantbearsthe K burdenofshowingthatthesentenceisimproper.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035401,Sentencing 4 _Commn_ԀCmts.;_Ashby_,823S.W.2dat169#m XX[#XX m#XߗXXX[#XXXXߗ.    TheDefendantpledguiltytotwocountsofrapeofachild,aClassAfelony,asaRangeI  offender.ThesentencerangeforClassAfelony,RangeIoffendersisfifteentotwentyfiveyears.  Tenn.CodeAnn.4035112(a)(1).IncalculatingthesentenceforaClassAfelony,the q presumptivesentenceisthemidpointoftherange,intheabsenceofenhancementandmitigating Z factors.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210_(c_).Ifthereareenhancementfactorsbutnomitigating C factors,thesentencemustbesetatorabovethemidpointoftherange.#XߗXXX`#XXXXߗ#m XX`#XX mTenn.CodeAnn.4035 ,| 210(d).#m XX"d#XX m#XߗXXXc#XXXXߗIftherearemitigatingfactorsbutnoenhancementfactors,thetrialcourtmustsetasentence e atorbelowthemidpointoftherange.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210(d)#XߗXXXd#XXXXߗ#m XXd#XX m.Iftherearebothmitigating N andenhancementfactors,thetrialcourtmustadjustthesentencebasedontheweightitassignsto  7 eachfactor.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035210(d)#m XX&f#XX m#XߗXXXe#XXXXߗ. !     Inthecaseundersubmission,thetrialcourtfoundthatfiveenhancementfactorsappliedand #" onemitigatingfactorapplied.Thetrialcourtdecidedthatthemitigatingfactorwasentitledtolittle $# ifanyweight,andthussentencedtheDefendanttothemaximumallowedbytherange,whichwas t% $ twentyfiveyearsforeachconviction.ThetrialcourtthenorderedthattheDefendantssentences ]&!% runconsecutivelyunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035115(b)(5). F'"& #XߗXXXg##XXߗOg#m XX m @{{ A.MitigatingFactor )h$(   TheDefendantcontendsthat#m XXj#XX mhisdecisiontoforegocrossexaminationofthevictimsinthe *<&* sentencinghearingisamitigatingfactorunderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedSection4035113(13) +%'+ andthatthetrialcourtshouldhaveappliedthisfactor.TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035  113(13),isthe catchallofthestatute,andprovidesthatatrialcourtmayapplyasamitigating  factor [a]nyotherfactorconsistentwiththepurposesofthischapter.    WehavefoundnocaseinwhichweaffirmedtheapplicationofTennesseeCodeAnnotated T section4035113(13)inresponsetoadefendantsdecisiontoforegocrossexaminationofavictim. =  Instead,mitigatingfactor(13)isusuallyappliedwherethetrialcourtfoundsomeconditionofthe & v defendantorsomeactionorinactionbythedefendantapartfromthetrialproceedingsthat  _ necessitatedleniency,butwasnotcoveredbythestatuteexplicitly.Forinstance,inStatev.  H NicholasWilliams,No.M199900780CCAR3CD,2001WL741935,at*12(Tenn.Crim.App.,  1  atNashville,July3,2001),perm.app.denied(Tenn.Dec.17,2001),weconcludedthatthetrial    courtimproperlyfailedtoapplymitigatingfactor(13)basedonthedefendantsexcellentwork   historyandthefactthathehadonlyonepriorconviction.InStatev.ChristopherMaxHall,No.   M199800180CCAR3CD,2000WL298592,at*4(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,Mar.23,   2000),perm.app.denied(Tenn.Nov.6,2000),weaffirmedthetrialcourtsapplicationof n  mitigatingfactor(13)wherethedefendantexhibitedpoormentalhealthbyundergoingcounseling W  andtakingmedication.InStatev.AndraLamarDillard,No.01C019804CC00157,1999WL @ 729205,at*9(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,Sept.20,1999),noperm.app.filed,weaffirmedthe )y trialcourtsapplicationofmitigatingfactor(13)wherethedefendantshowedthathehadatroubled b childhoodandexpressedremorseoverhiscrimetopoliceinvestigators#m XX,k#XX m#XߗXXX`j#XXXXߗ. K   Weconcludethatthiscaseisdistinguishablefromthecasesdiscussedabove.TheDefendant  providesnoauthority,andwecanfindnone,supportingthepropositionthatdecliningtocross  examineavictimmustbeappliedbyatrialcourtasamitigatingfactorunderTennesseeCode  Annotatedsection4035113(13).#m XXt#XX m#XߗXXXu#XXXXߗԀWeholdthattheevidencedoesnotpreponderateagainstthetrial  courtsrefusaltoapplythismitigatingfactor.#m XXv#XX m#XߗXXX7w#XXXXߗ  q   B.EnhancementFactors D  }x      #m XXx## mEx#XߗXXXXXߗTheDefendantconcedesonappealthatthetrialcourtproperlyappliedthreeofthefive h enhancementfactorsitfoundapplicable,butcontendsthatthetrialcourtimproperlyappliedtwo  Q enhancementfactorsincalculatinghissentence.Specifically,theDefendantassertsthatthetrial  : courterredwhenitfoundapplicableenhancementfactor(5), Avictimoftheoffensewas !#  particularlyvulnerablebecauseofageorphysicalormentaldisability...,TennesseeCode " ! Annotatedsection4035114(5),andenhancementfactor(8), Theoffenseinvolvedavictimand #" wascommittedtogratifythedefendantsdesireforpleasureorexcitement,TennesseeCode $# Annotatedsection4035114(8). w% $ x  1.EnhancementFactor(5)  2(#' |e  Astotheapplicationofenhancementfactor(5),theDefendantfirstarguesthatthe *U%) enhancementfactorisneverapplicabletotheoffenseofrapeofachildbecausetheoffense,by *>&* definition,involvesavictimofparticularvulnerabilityduetoage.TheDefendantfurtherargues +''+ thattheStatefailedtomeetitsburdenofshowingthatthevictimswereparticularlyvulnerablein  thiscase.TheDefendantinsiststhat,underStatev.Collins,986S.W.2d13(Tenn.Crim.App.  1998),theprosecutionmustshowthatthevictimis unabletoresist,unabletosummonhelpor  unabletotestifyagainsttheperpetrator.Id. k   TheDefendantiscorrectthatanenhancementfactormayonlybeappliedtoaparticular =  offenseiftheenhancementfactorisnotanessentialelementoftheoffense.Tenn.CodeAnn.40 & v 35114.However,theTennessee#XߗXXXQy#XXXXߗ#m XX2y#XX mSupremeCourthasconcludedthatenhancementfactor(5)canbe  _ appliedtorapeofchildcases,solongasthevictimwasparticularlyvulnerablebecauseofageor  H physicalormentaldisability.Statev.Adams,864S.W.2d31,35(Tenn.1993).TheDefendant  1  assertsthatthetrialcourtimproperlyappliedenhancementfactor(5)inthiscasebecausetheState    failedtomeetitsburdenofprovingthatthevictimswere particularlyvulnerable.Particular   vulnerabilityonlyexistswhenthevictimis incapableofresisting,summoninghelp,ortestifying   againsttheperpetrator.Adams,864S.W.2dat35.#XߗXXX㠁#XXXXߗ#m XX#XX mWhetheragivenchildisparticularlyvulnerable    isafactualissuetoberesolvedbythetrieroffactonacasebycasebasis.#XߗXXX#XXXXߗ#m XX_#XX mԀId.#m XX㌆#XX m#XߗXXXJ#XXXXߗԀ n    Consideringtheevidencepresentedatthesentencinghearingtheevidencedoesnotseemto @ preponderateagainstthetrialcourtsfindingthatthevictimswereparticularlyvulnerable.However, )y theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtsrecentopinioninBlakelyv.Washington,124S.Ct.2531(2004), b callsintoquestionthecontinuingvalidityofportionsofourstatutorysentencingscheme.Inthat K case,thehighcourt,applyingtheruleinApprendiv.NewJersey,566U.S.466,490(2000),struck 4 downaprovisionoftheWashingtonsentencingguidelinesthatpermittedatrialjudgetoimposean   exceptionalsentenceuponthefindingofcertainstatutorilyenumeratedenhancementfactors.The  Courtobservedthat thestatutorymaximumforApprendipurposesisthemaximumsentencea  judgemayimposesolelyonthebasisofthefactsreflectedinthejuryverdictoradmittedbythe  defendant.Id.at2537.Finally,theCourtconcludedthat everydefendanthastherighttoinsist q thattheprosecutorprovetoajuryallfactslegallyessentialtothepunishment.Id.at2543. Z   InlightofthisrecentdecisionbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourt,wemustconcludethat ,| theruleinBlakelyprecludesapplicationofthisenhancementfactorunderthesecircumstances.In e orderforthisenhancementfactortobeproperlyapplicabletotheDefendant,itmustbesubmitted N toandfoundbyajuryoradmittedbytheDefendant.  7 #m XXن#XX m#XߗXXX#XXXXߗ=}  2.EnhancementFactor(8)  " !  i  Next,theDefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourtimproperlyappliedenhancementfactor(8), $#  Theoffenseinvolvedavictimandwascommittedtogratifythedefendantsdesireforpleasureor u% $ excitement.Tenn.CodeAnn.4035114(8)#XߗXXXݎ#XXXXߗ#m XX㛎#XX m.TheDefendantcontendsthat,becausesexual ^&!% assaultsoccurformanyreasonsotherthanexcitementorpleasure,includingfeelingpowerfulor G'"& exactingrevenge,underStatev.Arnett,49S.W.3d250(Tenn.2001),inorderforenhancement 0(#' factor(8)toapply,theStatemustprovidesome additionalobjectiveevidenceofthedefendants )i$( motivationtoseekpleasureorexcitementthroughsexualassault.Arnett,49S.W.3dat262. *R%) AccordingtotheDefendant,enhancementfactor(8)maybeappliedtorapecaseswheretheState *;&* hasputforwardevidenceshowingthattheoffendersoughtexcitementorpleasure including,but +$'+ notlimitedto,sexuallyexplicitremarksandovertsexualdisplaysmadebythedefendant,suchas  fondlingorkissingavictimorotherwisebehavinginasexualmanner,orremarksorbehavior  demonstratingthedefendantsenjoymentofthesheerviolenceoftherape.Id.    Thetrialcourtapplied#m XX#XX m#XߗXXX㼐#XXXXߗenhancementfactor(8)basedonthetestimonyofthevictims,the T olderofwhomtestifiedthattheDefendantsexuallyabusedhimonceortwiceweeklyfrom1993to =  2002.However,theStateprovidednoobjectiveevidenceshowingthattheoffenseswerecommitted & v togratifytheDefendantsdesireforpleasureorexcitement.#XߗXXX#XXXXߗ#m XXՕ#XX mInapplyingenhancementfactor(8),  _ thetrialcourtreasonedthattheonlyexplanationforsuchalengthyperiodofabusewouldbethat  H theDefendantwasreceivingpleasureorexcitementfromit,and [itdid]notappear[theabuse]was  1  forpunishmentoranyotherreason....      Wedisagreewiththetrialcourtsfindings.Evidenceshowingthattheabusewentonforan   extendedperiodoftime,withoutotherevidence,doesnotnecessarilyrevealtheDefendantsmotive   inperpetratingtheoffense.#m XX## mܗ#XߗXXXXXߗԀ Absentspecificobjectiveevidenceofthedefendantsmotivationto n  seekpleasureorexcitement,Arnett,49S.W.3dat263,thetrialcourtshouldnothaveapplied W  enhancementfactor(8).Accordingly,weconcludethatthetrialcourtimproperlyapplied @ enhancementfactor(8),notwithstandingthepresumptionofcorrectnessaffordedthetrialcourt. )y #XߗXXX+##XXߗ #XߗXXXXXߗAdditionally,wenotethattheruleoflawarticulatedbytheUnitedStatesSupremeCourtinBlakely, b precludestheapplicationofthisenhancementfactorunlessitissubmittedtoajuryoradmittedby K thedefendant. 4  @3.OtherEnhancementFactors     Thetrialcourtadditionallyfoundthatthreeotherenhancementfactorsapplied:enhancement  factor(2)thattheDefendanthadanextensivepriorcriminalhistory;enhancementfactor(7)thatthe s injuriestothevictimsweresevere;andenhancementfactor(16)thattheDefendantabuseda \ positionoftrust.WefirstnotethattheDefendanthasnotcontestedtheapplicationofthese E enhancementfactorsonappeal,andanyargumentinthatregardislikelywaived.However, .~ pursuanttoBlakely,weconcludethattheapplicationoftheenhancementfactor(7)and(16)must g besubmittedtoajuryoradmittedbytheDefendantbeforeproperlyapplied.  P    Inlightofourholdingthatthetrialcourtimproperlyappliedenhancementfactors(5)and !#  (8),weconcludethatthiscasemustbereversedandremandedfor_resentencing_.On_resentencing_, " ! thetrialcourtshouldapplythelawarticulatedinBlakelytodeterminewhetherenhancementfactors #" (7)and(16)areapplicable.  $# ^  #m XXQ## mp#m XX mC.ConsecutiveSentences a&!%  @  @`  @  @  @h  @     Finally,theDefendantarguesthatthetrialcourterredbyorderinghissentencestorun 5(#' consecutively.First,theDefendantassertsthatorderingthesentencestorunconcurrentlywould )n$( havebeensufficienttoachievethepurposesofthetrialcourt.#XߗXXXt#XXXXߗInhisappellatebrief,theDefendant *W%) statesthat,givenhisageatsentencing,aconcurrentsentencewouldensure thathewouldnotbe *@&* releaseduntilhewasintohissixties...[andthat]...thiswouldhavebeensufficienttoachieve +)'+ whateverpurposesthetrial[c]ourtsoughttoachieve.#XߗXXX㍦#XXXXߗSecond,theDefendantassertsthatthetrial  courtimproperlyfailedtoinquireintoothersentencingconsiderationsafterfindingthatTennessee  CodeAnnotatedsection#XߗXXX<#XXXXߗԀ4035115(b)(5)appliedtothecase.    #XߗXXXN#XXXXߗUnderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection4035115(a),ifadefendantisconvictedofmore T thanonecriminaloffense,thecourtshallorderthesentencestoruneitherconsecutivelyor =  concurrently.Thetrialcourtmayordersentencestorunconsecutivelyifthecourtfindsbya & v preponderanceoftheevidencecertaincriteriaenumeratedinTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection40  _ 35115(b)(1)(7).TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection#XߗXXX٩#XXXXߗԀ4035115(b)(5)#XߗXXX#XXXXߗprovidesthatatrialcourt  H mayfindthatconsecutivesentencingisproperwhere:  1  8      8  Thedefendantisconvictedoftwo(2)ormorestatutoryoffensesinvolvingsexual   abuseofaminorwithconsiderationoftheaggravatingcircumstancesarisingfrom   therelationshipbetweenthedefendantbetweenthedefendantandvictimorvictims,   thetimespanofthedefendantsundetectedsexualactivity,thenatureandscopeof n  thesexualactsandtheextentoftheresidual,physicalandmentaldamagetothe W  victimorvictims.@   #XߗXXXj#XXXXߗ  Becauseweareremandingthiscasefor_resentencing_,weconcludethatweneednotaddress b thisissueatthistime.Thetrialcourt,on_resentencing_,willhavemoreinformationbeforeitupon K whichitcanbaseadeterminationaboutwhetherthisissuehasmerit. 4  @gg#III.Conclusion       Inaccordancewiththefo#XߗXXX㏯#regoingreasoningandauthorities,weconcludethattherecent  UnitedStatesSupremeCourtdecisioninBlakelymandatesthatthiscaseberemandedfor r _resentencing_.Therefore,weREVERSEthetrialcourtsjudgmentandremandthiscausefor [ _resentencing_Ԁandreconsiderationofalltheissuespresentedherein. D    `     h     ___________________________________ O    `     h     ROBERTW.WEDEMEYER,JUDGE