ÿWPCÌ  å¶çhÔÈyµ">ÖRIqVÔXx¬ÿ[ü‘_“ƒ¼ðŸkÁG„Ö°†ùIfâ Û·ó3÷àœÛµ÷’¶XôÕpInR—¼ þF,_l‡êH9M!Ÿ&æ-8Cô~dàêÑ}7=˜â`ó¿¬äû{¸tØ^SF¦·€hYšÿÝ:«ÖèÛÐ(Ÿ^Ò$iˆO5L¯°Þ½ uÛZ¡Òó`º¢éR^÷TcÐï(^‡ÔP~¼)öü¶A0Ÿ û¶°ÈaNÖG,ÌH#KWÕ'½Ö«£Ûç9z÷!˜2sƒÒäë¢4R‹öŠªùÂ`Ç« Ûÿº%9RƈþXNVìp¨í¨äTã+ <‚Œ{¢Ö&W·[ªÁK`1 Vºô¬o/óâ‚«Nu|2Õ7,ϽÇ8…þLq–6¬H¾²@‹Ú ;ú$_AÕ"Ì ó<’—è¬{Fp®ù‰)Ô¹§t[jÙW¥=ÒXå@ö•"»âá Fš JÔP0f°³)°OûÿO:—æR–Ø«rÝuïšhßnƒÈ>¸X«¯ zÄ4+Ì×|YÓR¡tB83̨onÎiQ¦ÝÕ:©†Àó›¥ Üö.G3îìÉÑôP6â6W#ÁÂU Nƒ %Ñ 0:×UN ^ _ wk 4o ƒ ’ m” N« « « « « « « « « « E­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ B¯ ˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularX(üœ$¡¡ÔUSUS.,Ô(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular‰-s 3j1,䲫3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ dÝ ƒüœ!ÝÔUSUS.,ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ‡¼¶ì»XXÔÑ8€õ`XXdìdÈ8ÑÓ  Óà@ttìàÔ#†Xõ`X»¼¶ìI#ÔÔ‡î©}îXXõ`ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†Xõ`Xîî©}á#ÔÔ‡¼¶ì»XXõ`ԈРÖ& Ðà@¶¶ìàApril€23,€2002€SessionˆÐ üL ÐÔ#†Xõ`X»¼¶ì„#ÔÌò òÔ‡¼¶ì»XXõ`Ôà@+ + ìàSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€JACK€ROGER€NORTONÔ#†Xõ`X»¼¶ì#Ôó óˆÐ úJ ÐÌà@L L ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Washington€CountyˆÐ ú J Ðà@Õ Õ ìàNo.€26213€€€€€€Robert€E.€Ô_ÔCuppÔ_Ô,€JudgeˆÐ æ 6 ÐÌà@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<½ ` A߈Ð ¾   ÐÌà@ÕÕìàNo.€E2001„01903„CCA„R3„CDˆÐ ¹  Ðà  à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à  àà h à€€€€€€Ô_ÔJulyÔ_Ô€18,€2002Ð ¥õ  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<` AßÐ ‘á  Ðó óÌThe€State€has€appealed€from€the€trial€courtððs€order€granting€the€Motion€to€Suppress€filed€byÐ ŒÜ  ÐDefendant,€Jack€Roger€Norton.€€Defendant€is€the€owner€of€a€tavern€in€Washington€County,€whichÐ xÈ  Ðwas€the€subject€of€a€valid€search€warrant.€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€officers€did€not€ð ðknock€andÐ d´ Ðannounceðð€prior€to€their€entry€into€the€building€to€execute€the€warrant.€€This€failure€was€the€basis€ofÐ P  Ðthe€trial€courtððs€ruling.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€applicable€law,€and€based€uponÐ <Œ Ðthe€specific,€narrow€issue€presented,€we€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð (x ÐÌò òà@EEìàTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Reversed.ˆÐ P ÐÌòòó óThomas€T.€Ô_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,€óójoined.Ð Ø( ÐòòJerry€L.€Smithóó,€J.,€filed€a€concurring€opinion.€Ð Ä ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Kathy€D.€Ô_ÔAslingerÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð œì ÐJoe€Ô_ÔCrumleyÔ_Ô,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steve€Finney,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€forÐ ˆØ Ðthe€appellant,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð tÄ ÐÌJames€T.€Bowman,€Johnson€City,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellee,€Jack€Roger€Norton.€Ð L œ ÐÌà@66'ìàò òòòOPINIONóóó óˆÐ $"t! ÐÌà  àThe€search€warrant€was€not€made€an€exhibit€at€the€suppression€hearing€and,€thus,€it€is€notÐ ü#L# Ðincluded€in€the€record.€€In€an€appeal€involving€a€search€warrant,€the€appellantððs€failure€to€prepare€anÐ è$8 $ Ðadequate€record€would€normally€result€in€summary€Ô_ÔaffirmanceÔ_Ô€of€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€òòSeeóóÐ Ô%$!% ÐòòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€854€S.W.2d€897,€900„02€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1993).€€However,€the€issue€presentedÐ À&"& Ðfor€review€here€does€not€pertain€to€the€validity€of€the€search€warrant.€€Defendant€concedes€that€theÐ ¬'ü"' Ðsearch€warrant€was€valid,€but€contends€that€the€execution€of€the€search€warrant€was€improper.€Ð ˜(è#( ÐSpecifically,€Defendant€argues€that€the€failure€of€law€enforcement€officers€to€ð ðknock€and€announceððÐ „)Ô$) Ðprior€to€entering€his€establishment€warrants€our€Ô_ÔaffirmanceÔ_Ô€of€the€trial€courtððs€order.€€Therefore,€weÐ p*À%* Ðwill€address€the€merits€of€the€Stateððs€appeal.€€Ð \+¬&+ ÐÔ_Ô‡ò òà@¥¥(ìàFACTSó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àOn€the€night€of€April€28,€2000,€at€approximately€midnight,€officers€of€the€WashingtonÐ ˆØ ÐCounty€Drug€Task€Force€(ð ðDTFðð)€executed€a€search€warrant€at€a€tavern€known€as€ð ðThe€Weed.ðð€€TheÐ tÄ Ðtavern€was€open€for€business€at€the€time,€with€six€or€seven€patrons€inside.€€Defendant,€the€owner€ofÐ `° Ðthe€establishment,€was€also€present.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àSergeant€Keith€Sexton,€a€member€of€the€Washington€County€Sheriffððs€Department€SWATÐ $ t Ðteam€since€its€inception€in€1993,€commanded€the€SWAT€unit.€€Sexton€testified€that€it€is€common€forÐ  ` Ðthe€SWAT€team€to€participate€in€the€execution€of€search€warrants€where€weapons€are€involved.€€TheÐ ü L  Ðteamððs€job€is€to€make€ð ðinitial€entryðð€to€ð ðsecure€everyone€in€the€establishment.ðð€€According€to€Sexton,Ð è 8  Ðthe€SWAT€team€is€present€ð ðfor€safety€only,ðð€and€the€members€ð ðdo€not€participate€in€the€search.ðð€€InÐ Ô$  Ðthis€case,€the€SWAT€team€was€told€that€Defendant€was€ð ðsuspectedðð€of€possessing€either€a€sawed„offÐ À  Ðshotgun€or€sub„machine€gun.€€The€trial€court,€in€its€findings€of€fact,€concluded€that€this€suspicion€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðnothing€more€than€a€ð ðhunch.ðð€€A€small€caliber€pistol€was€found€in€a€box€behind€the€bar.€€DefendantÐ ˜è  Ðwas€not€charged€with€any€criminal€offense€regarding€the€pistol.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àSexton€described€the€type€of€clothing€worn€by€the€SWAT€team€members€at€the€time€theyÐ \¬ Ðentered€the€tavern.€€A€picture€of€Sexton€wearing€the€described€apparel€was€introduced€into€evidence.€Ð H˜ ÐA€black€Nomex€mask€called€a€ð ðbalaclavaðð€covered€the€entire€head€and€neck€area,€except€for€the€nose,Ð 4„ Ðeyes,€and€a€small€portion€of€the€forehead.€€The€eyes€of€each€SWAT€team€member€were€covered€withÐ  p Ðgoggles€or€glasses,€and€green€Nomex€gloves€covered€their€hands.€€The€men€wore€olive€drab€pantsÐ  \ Ðand€long„sleeved€shirts,€with€a€black€ð ðload€bearing€vest.ðð€€€The€word€ð ðSHERIFFðð€was€printed€inÐ øH Ðyellow€letters€approximately€1€to€1.5€inches€high€on€the€left€chest€of€the€vest€and€in€letters€2.5€to€3Ð ä4 Ðinches€high€on€the€back€of€each€vest.€€Standard„sized€law€enforcement€patches€appeared€on€bothÐ Ð  Ðupper€sleeves€of€the€shirt,€and€a€standard„sized€Sheriffððs€Department€metal€badge€was€attached€toÐ ¼  Ða€pistol€holster€strap€on€the€right€thigh€area.Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àSexton€testified€that€the€tavern€was€open€for€business€when€the€SWAT€team€arrived.€€TheÐ €Ð Ðentry€door€was€closed,€but€unlocked.€€The€SWAT€team€pushed€the€door€open€ð ðas€if€we€were€walkingÐ l¼ Ðinto€the€bar€for€anything€else.ðð€€As€they€entered,€three€of€the€SWAT€team€members,€includingÐ X ¨ ÐSexton,€yelled,€ð ðSheriffððs€Office,€search€warrant,€get€on€the€ground.ðð€€Almost€immediately€afterÐ D!” Ðentry,€Sexton€took€off€his€mask€because€a€female€patron€he€recognized€from€a€prior€arrest€appearedÐ 0"€  Ðto€be€panicking.€€Within€three€or€four€minutes,€the€other€SWAT€team€members€had€also€removedÐ #l! Ðtheir€masks.€€Sexton€acknowledged€that€the€SWAT€teamððs€ð ðspeed€of€actionðð€had€probably€causedÐ $X" Ðthe€woman€to€panic.€€Sexton€explained€that€the€teamððs€ð ðtactics€upon€entryðð€are€designed€to€distractÐ ô$D # Ðand€control€the€persons€present,€causing€sensory€overload€with€an€effect€similar€to€that€of€a€ð ðflash„Ð à%0!$ Ðbangðð€grenade.€€The€purpose€of€this€maneuver€was€to€ð ðsecureðð€the€occupants€before€they€ð ðhave€aÐ Ì&"% Ðchance€to€act€againstðð€a€SWAT€team€member.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àSexton€testified€that€the€SWAT€team€was€armed€with€three€18K€MP€59€millimeter€sub„Ð )à$( Ðmachine€guns€and€two€Mossberg€590€12€gauge€shotguns€upon€entry.€€The€distance€from€the€entryÐ |*Ì%) Ðdoorway€to€the€nearest€corner€of€the€bar€was€approximately€15€to€20€feet.€€The€SWAT€team€membersÐ h+¸&* Ðentered€the€establishment€quickly€and€fanned€out€inside€the€room,€with€their€weapons€held€in€theÐ ° Ðð ðlow€ready€position.ððÐ œì ÐÌà  àThe€following€excerpts€from€Sextonððs€testimony€are€further€enlightening€as€to€what€occurredÐ tÄ Ðwhen€the€SWAT€team€entered€ð ðThe€Weedðð€on€the€night€of€the€search:Ð `° ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒTHE€COURT:à0  àWell,€let€me€ask€you€this,€Officer,€and€Iððll€get€out€of€this€thingÐ 8 ˆ Ðin€a€minute.€€I€just„„I€want€to€know€this„„this„„do€you€thinkÐ $ t Ðthat€you€were€at€that€establishment€that€night,€and€you„„youÐ  ` Ðwere€at€a€bar€drinking€a€beer,€and€somebody€walked€in€withÐ ü L  Ðthat€black€hood€on,€this€day€in€time,€that€you€would€look€toÐ è 8  Ðsee€if€they€had€any€patches?€€Do€you€think€theyððd€even€beÐ Ô$  Ðlooking€at€your€arm,€or€would€they€be€looking€at€your€face,Ð À  Ðand€the€mask,€and€what€you€had€in€your€hand?€€What€wouldÐ ¬ü  Ðlogically€tell€that€they€would€be€looking€[sic]?Иè Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€donððt€think,€in€my€personal€opinion,€that€I€would€be€like€thisÐ pÀ Ðman€here,€itððs€just€like,€and€Iððve€had€them€held€in€my€faceÐ \¬ Ðbefore;€if€a€manððs€got€a€gun€in€your€face€I€donððt€see€anythingÐ H˜ Ðbut€the€gun.Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌTHE€COURT:à0  àYou€donððt€see€anything€but€that€gun€when€they€walked€in.€Ð  \ ÐWould€it€be€fair€to€say€that€in€your€training€is€thatððs€what€theyÐ øH Ðsee€is€that€gun€isnððt€it€[sic],€and€in€this€case€that€black€mask?Ðä4Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.€€I€donððt€matter€think€it€would€matter€[sic],€you€know,Ð ¼  Ðif€we€wore€pink€it€wouldnððt€.€.€.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÌTHE€COURT:à0  àOkay.€€I€agree€with€you.€€I€appreciate€that€honesty,€Officer,€IÐ €Ð Ðreally€do.€€Have€you€a€seat€.€.€.€.Ðl¼Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ D!” ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€Now,€who„„you„„you€had€told€us€that€youððre€SWATÐ #l! Ðteam€commander.€€Who€makes€the€decision€whether€to€use€aÐ $X" ÐSWAT€team€or€not?Ðô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€ultimately,€the€sheriff.ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€but,€not€you?Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.Ð|*Ì%)Ð Ð  ÐÐ h+¸&* Ð[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYouððre€called€and€theyððre€saying,€you€know,€we€want€theÐ ° ÐSWAT€team,€or€we€have€authority€to€use€the€SWAT€team,€orÐ œì Ðwhatever,€and€youððre€told€what€the€situation€is,€and€your€jobÐ ˆØ Ðis€simply€to€act€like€a€SWAT€team?ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOur€job€is€to€ensure€the€security€of€the€law€enforcementÐ L œ Ðofficers€there,€also,€any€other€public€citizens€there.Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ  ` ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAll€right.€€Did€you„„I„„I€think€weððve€heard€you€say€that€youÐ è 8  Ðsimply€secure€the€area,€and€that€securing€the€area€is€puttingÐ Ô$  Ðpeople€on€the€ground,€is€that€right?ÐÀ Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.Иè Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àPutting€handcuffs€on€them?ÐpÀÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd€do„„do€you€search€them?Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.€€We€pat€them€down€for€weapons.ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€Now,€did€you€do€that€to€some€particular€individual?ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€probably€searched€one€or€two€of€them€for€a€weapon.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAll€right.€€Okay.€€Now,€anybody€that€you€searched€did€youÐ €Ð Ðhave€a€warrant€for€them?Ðl¼Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.€€I€didnððt€go€into€their€pockets.€€I€patted€them€down.ÐD!”Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€Well,€I€mean,€did€you€have„„did€you€have„„did€youÐ #l! Ðhave€any„„did€you€have€any€reason€to€believe€that€anybodyÐ $X" Ðthat€you€searched€had€a€weapon?Ðô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€sir,€in€my€line€of€work€youððd€better€assume€thatÐ Ì&"% Ðeverybody€you€come€across€in„„in€that€type€of€situation€has€aÐ ¸'#& Ðweapon,€or€youððll€end€up€dead.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€So,€you€assume€that€everyone€in€the€bar,€in€fact,€wasÐ |*Ì%) Ðarmed?Ðh+¸&*Ð Ð  Ї[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIf€thatððs€the€way€you€want€to€say€it,€yes,€sir.аРР ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€And,€in€fact,€of€the€people€you€searched€how€manyÐ ˆØ Ðwere€armed?ÐtÄÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNone.ÐL œÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àA€few„„a€couple€of€pocket€knives€like€this€gentleman€saidÐ ü L  Ðearlier.Ðè 8 Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€And€pocket€knives€of€a€sort€that€you€didnððt€feel€thatÐ À  Ðbeing€.€.€.Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.Ð„Ô Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à.€.€.€any€point€in€charging€them€with€carrying€a€weapon€.€.€.Ð\¬Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.Ð4„Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à.€.€.€or€anything€like€that?€€You€didnððt€have€an€arrest€warrantÐ  \ Ðfor€any€of€these€people?ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.ÐÐ Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAll€right.€€So„„but,€again,€without€regard€to€whether€they€areÐ ¨ø Ða€law€abiding€citizen,€or€a€law€violator€you€put€handcuffs€onÐ ”ä Ðevery€single€one€of€them?ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd€everyone„„everyone€was„„okay,€you€just€patted€down€forÐ 0"€  Ðweapons?Ð#l!Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.Ðô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ Ì&"% ÐÌ[PROSECUTOR]:à0  àOkay.€€The€court€was€mentioning€the€shock€effect€of€someoneÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcoming€in€wearing€that€balaclava€with€a€sub„machine€gun€inÐ )à$( Ðtheir€hands.€€Is€that€something€that€plays€any€role€in€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðtraining€of€a€SWAT€team,€the€shock€effect?Ðh+¸&*Ð Ð  Ї[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.€€In€the€training€that€I€have€received€when€youÐ ° Ðapproach€someone€whether,€you€know,€maybe€they€haveÐ œì Ðintentions€of€being€violent€if€you€can€get€that€couple€ofÐ ˆØ Ðseconds€of€shock€to€where€that€they€have€to€set€there€[sic]€andÐ tÄ Ðtheir€brain€has€to€process,€do€I€fight€or€do€I€run,€then€in€thatÐ `° Ðtime€is€when€youððre€acting€on€them.€€And€that€way€it€comesÐ L œ Ðto€a€peaceful€solution.€€You€donððt€give€that€time€to€pull€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðgun,€or€pull€the€trigger,€or€whatever.Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌ[PROSECUTOR]:à0  àAnd€thatððs€part€of€officerððs€safety€isnððt€it?Ðü L Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThatððs€every€bit€a€part€of€officerððs€safety.ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ ¬ü  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOfficer,€this€happened€to€be€a€bar€called€The€Weed,€but,€I€takeÐ „Ô  Ðit€if€you€were€called€out€to€go€to€McDonaldððs€withÐ pÀ Ðinformation€that€an€employee€there€had€sold€drugs,€and€thatÐ \¬ Ðhe€might€have€a€gun€you€would€go€into€McDonaldððs€andÐ H˜ Ðexecute€the€warrant€to€secure€the€area€in€exactly€the€sameÐ 4„ Ðway,€thatððs€what€your€training€is?Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€McDonaldððs€does€not€stay€open€the€same€hours€as€a€barÐ øH Ðdoes,€or€.€.€.Ðä4Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell€.€.€.м Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à.€.€.€and€I€believe,€you€know,€that€was€probably€part€of€theÐ ”ä Ðreason€that€this€was€executed€the€way€it€was.ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àBut,€if€you€were€told€to€go€to€McDonaldððs€thatððs€the€wayÐ X ¨ Ðyouððd€do€it?€€Youððd€put€them€on€the€floor€and€handcuff€them?ÐD!”Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIf€I€was„„if€I€was€told€to,€and€I€felt€it€was€a€legal€arrest€I€wouldÐ #l! Ðdo€it.Ð$X"Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€Thatððs€all.Ðà%0!$Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ ¸'#& ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àDid„„did€you€all€secure€everybody€before€other€members€ofÐ )à$( Ðthe€party€came€into€the€.€.€.Ð|*Ì%)Ð Ð  ÐÐ h+¸&* Ð[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes.€€When€we€make€entry€into€any„„any„„whether€it€be€aÐ ° Ðresidence,€or€whether€it€be€a€public€establishment,€and€we€areÐ œì Ðtaking€custody€of€those€people€there,€and€if€the€guy€that€weÐ ˆØ Ðdonððt€have€the€search€warrant€on€has€a€gun,€and€thereððs€fiveÐ tÄ Ðother€people€there,€weððre€responsible€for€those€people€toÐ `° Ðprotect€them€from€that€one€guy.€€So,€yes,€everyone€wasÐ L œ Ðhandcuffed.Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€no,€I„„I€mean,€before„„before€the€other€officers€came€inÐ  ` Ð.€.€.Ðü L Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes.€We€secured€it.ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à.€.€.€you€had€everybody€handcuffed?Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir,€everyone€was€secure.Ð„Ô Ð Ð  ÐÌà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ \¬ ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àSo,€if„„your€training€tells€you€that€if€youððre€entering€a„„a€legalÐ 4„ Ðestablishment€where€there€are€patrons€who€are€legally€present,Ð  p Ðand€for€whom€you€have€no€information€whatsoever€thatÐ  \ Ðtheyððre€violating€the€law€that€you€deal€with€that€situation€theÐ øH Ðsame€as€you€would€deal€with€a„„with€a„„a€gangððs€headquartersÐ ä4 Ðwhere€your€information€is€that€everyone€there€is€a€criminalÐ Ð  Ðand€is€armed€and€dangerous?м Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à€No,€sir,€itððs€not€the€same.ДäÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.€€Well,€how„„how„„how„„how€would€you€treat€these€lawÐ l¼ Ðabiding€citizens,€or€how€much€worth€would€you€treat€[sic]Ð X ¨ Ðthose€gang€members?€€You€come€in€.€.€.ÐD!”Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àI€will€treat€the€gang€member€that€steps€off€that€bar€stool,€andÐ #l! Ðgets€in€the€floor,€and€obeys€my€command€just€as€good€as€IððllÐ $X" Ðtreat€any€other€citizens€who„„who€obeys€the€command.Ðô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àSo„„so,€you€are€saying€that€youððre€going€to€do€exactly€theÐ Ì&"% Ðsame€thing.€€Youððre€going„„youððre€going€to€put€the€lawÐ ¸'#& Ðabiding€citizen€on€the€ground€just€like€youððre€going€to€put€the„Ð ¤(ô#' Єthe€known€criminal€on€the€ground?Ð)à$(Ð Ð  Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ð[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIn€that€situation€because€youððre€taking€a€six€man€team€andÐ ° Ðâ âyouððre€into€some€place€where€you€donððt€know€how€manyÐ œì Ðpeople€are€there.€€You€donððt€know€who€is€armed,€who€is€notÐ ˆØ Ðarmed,€who€has€violent€intentions,€and€who€does€not.€€So,Ð tÄ Ðyouððre„„youððre„„you€have€a€liability„„you€have€an€obligationÐ `° Ðto€those€people€who€are€there€obeying€the€law€to„„for€theirÐ L œ Ðown€safety€to€make€sure€that€that€other€person€doesnððt€hurt€theÐ 8 ˆ Ð.€.€.Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.Ðü L Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à.€.€.€while€.€.€.ÐÔ$ Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àSo,€if„„if€a€law€abiding€citizen€is€there€in€that€situation€if„„ifÐ ¬ü  Ðsome€citizen€rather€than€getting€on€the€ground€as€he€was€toldÐ ˜è  Ðto€do€just€stood€there€and€stared€at€you€someone€would€putÐ „Ô  Ðhim€on€the€ground?ÐpÀÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àHe€would€be€placed€on€the€ground.ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd„„and€if€he„„and€if€he€jerked€back€and€said,€who€are€you,Ð  p Ðwhat€are€you€doing,€whatever€force€was€necessary€to€put€himÐ  \ Ðon€the€ground€would€be„„would€be€utilized?ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAs€the€subjectððs€level€of€resistance€goes€up€our€level€of€forceÐ Ð  Ðhas€to€go€up.м Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd€so,€and„„and€youððre€not€going€to€sit€there„„itððs€not€goingÐ ”ä Ðto€be€a€debate€for€five€minutes€either?ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.€€In€that€situation€you€do€not€have€time€for€debate.ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àSo„„so,€if€this€citizen€just€doesnððt€move€as€fast€as€the€SWATÐ 0"€  Ðteam€members€that€accost€him€thinks€he€ought€to€do€then€thatÐ #l! ÐSWAT€team€member€is€authorized€.€.€.Ð$X"Ð Ð  ÐÌ[PROSECUTOR]:à0  àYour€Honor,€Iððm€going€to€object€to€the€use€of€the€word€accost.€Ð à%0!$ ÐI€think€that€shows€a€certain€level€of€belligerence.ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAny€word€you€want€to€use€when€heððs€approached.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌ[PROSECUTOR]:à0  àConfronts.Ð|*Ì%)Ð Ð  ÐÐ h+¸&* Ð[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àConfront,€whatever.аРР ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àTheyððre„„theyððre€placed€on€the€ground€using€the€minimalÐ ˆØ Ðamount€force€necessary.€€Theyððre„„theyððre€not€thrown€to€theÐ tÄ Ðground.€€Theyððre€not€tackled,€none€of€that.Ð`°Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àBut,€if„„if€he„„if€he€doesnððt€get€on€the€ground€quick€enoughÐ 8 ˆ Ðsomebodyððs€going€to€put€him€on€the€ground?Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIf€a€subject€resists€force€is€used€against€him€to€place€him€onÐ ü L  Ðthe€ground.Ðè 8 Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€if€he€just„„he€just„„he€just€backs€up,€and€heððs€saying,Ð À  Ðwhatððs€going€on?Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThatððs€resistance.Ð„Ô Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThatððs€resistance,€and€youððll€throw€him€on€the€ground?Ð\¬Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àNo,€sir.€€Will€not€throw€him€on€the€ground.€€Iððll€place€him€onÐ 4„ Ðthe€ground.Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell€.€.€.ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àThereððs€a€difference.€€I€could€jump€over€this€bench€and€tackleÐ Ð  Ðyou,€thatððs„„thatððs€throwing€you€on€the€ground.€€If€I€take€youÐ ¼  Ðby€the€arm€and€lead€you€to€the€ground€thatððs€placing€.€.€.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àBut€I„„I€donððt€want€to€go?ЀÐÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àWell,€Iððd€just€use€a€little€more€force€till€you€do€go.ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd„„and„„and€if€you€canððt€get€me€down,€and€it€takes€threeÐ 0"€  Ðmore€then€.€.€.Ð#l!Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIððll€use€as€much€force€as€it€takes€to€.€.€.Ðô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àOkay.ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð à.€.€.€to€stop€the€resistance€and€then€the€force€will€stop.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAnd,€so,€if„„if€it€takes€the€entire€SWAT€team€to€get€this€56Ð |*Ì%) Ðyear€old€man€down€on€the€ground€Iððm€going€down?Ðh+¸&*Ð Ð  Ї[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àYes,€sir.аРР ÐÌ[DEFENSE]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àAll€right.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌ[SEXTON]:à0 ¸ àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àIf€youððre€causing€a€threat.Ð`°Ð Ð  ÐÌÌÒ°ÒÒ°Òà  àSergeant€Kenneth€Phillips€testified€that€he€was€the€director€of€the€First€Judicial€District€DrugÐ $ t ÐTask€Force€and€also€present€at€the€execution€of€the€search€warrant€at€Defendantððs€tavern.€€It€wasÐ  ` ÐPhillips€who€had€requested€the€SWAT€teamððs€involvement.€€He€and€the€other€DTF€agents€whoÐ ü L  Ðconducted€the€search€were€outside€the€tavern€when€the€SWAT€team€entered.€€Phillips€clearly€heardÐ è 8  Ðthe€SWAT€team€members€screaming,€ð ð[S]heriffððs€department,€get€down;€sheriffððs€department,€getÐ Ô$  Ðdown,ðð€even€over€the€loud€music€coming€from€the€juke€box.€€Phillips€did€not€witness€any€injuriesÐ À  Ðsuffered€by€any€patrons€of€the€tavern.€€Nor€did€he€observe€any€mistreatment€of€them€by€lawÐ ¬ü  Ðenforcement€officers.€€However,€everyone€inside€the€tavern€prior€to€the€SWAT€teamððs€entrance€wasÐ ˜è  Ðð ðon€the€groundðð€by€the€time€Phillips€entered€the€premises.€€Phillips€testified€that€Delsa€Lee€HolmesÐ „Ô  Ð(who€had€previously€testified€in€Defendantððs€behalf)€was€ð ðhighly€intoxicatedðð€but€uninjured€whenÐ pÀ Ðhe€entered€the€tavern.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àBobby€Daniels,€a€customer€in€the€tavern€when€the€search€warrant€was€executed,€testified€thatÐ 4„ Ðhe€was€walking€toward€the€bathroom€at€the€time.€€He€had€just€reached€the€juke€box€when€the€doorÐ  p Ðð ðflung€openðð€and€he€heard€someone€yelling,€ð ð[E]verybody€get€down.€€Everybody€get€down.ðð€Ð  \ ÐImmediately€thereafter,€a€man€pushed€Daniels€20€to€25€feet€through€the€tavern€and€onto€the€floor.€Ð øH ÐThe€man€had€a€mask€on€his€face€and€was€holding€a€gun.€€Danielsðð€first€thought€was€that€a€robberyÐ ä4 Ðwas€being€committed.€€Daniels€asked€what€was€going€on.€€The€men€told€him€to€ð ðshut€his€f„„„ingÐ Ð  Ðmouthðð€and€pointed€a€shotgun€in€his€face.€€When€he€was€finally€able€to€turn€his€head,€he€saw€a€badgeÐ ¼  Ðon€one€of€the€men.€€Daniels€was€not€charged€with€any€criminal€offense.€€Later,€he€was€given€a€rideÐ ¨ø Ðhome€by€a€woman€who€had€not€been€drinking€but€was€also€a€patron€of€the€tavern€that€night.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àKelly€Cally€was€sitting€on€the€first€bar€stool€in€ð ðThe€Weedðð€when€the€SWAT€team€entered.€Ð l¼ ÐCally€testified€that€she€was€not€at€the€bar€long€and€had€just€sat€down€when€she€heard,€ð ðGet€down,€getÐ X ¨ Ðdown,ðð€accompanied€by€screaming€and€yelling.€€Men€with€black€masks€and€guns€threw€her€onto€theÐ D!” Ðfloor;€one€of€the€men€kept€his€foot€on€her€lower€back€until€she€was€handcuffed.€€A€gun€was€alsoÐ 0"€  Ðpointed€at€her€head.€€The€men€then€picked€her€up€and€seated€her€at€a€table.€€Later,€she€was€arrestedÐ #l! Ðbecause€the€officers€searched€her€purse€and€discovered€a€Percocet€tablet.€€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àBobby€Bishop,€a€mobile€home€park€owner,€was€also€present€during€the€execution€of€theÐ à%0!$ Ðsearch€warrant.€€Bishop€testified€that€he€had€come€to€ð ðThe€Weedðð€to€pick€up€some€documents€fromÐ Ì&"% ÐDefendant.€€Bishop€explained€that€he€and€Defendant€were€involved€in€a€civil€lawsuit€against€theÐ ¸'#& Ðsame€man€concerning€real€estate€purchases€they€had€made,€and€Bishop€had€stopped€by€to€pick€up€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðð ðsurvey€papers.ðð€€When€the€SWAT€team€entered,€Bishop€was€seated€at€the€sixth€or€seventh€bar€stool.€Ð )à$( ÐHe€had€not€been€drinking.€€He€heard€the€door€slam€open€and€men€screaming.€€A€man€with€a€maskÐ |*Ì%) Ðand€gun€approached€Bishop.€€He€first€told€Bishop€to€get€on€the€floor€and€then€took€him€by€the€armÐ h+¸&* Ðand€put€him€on€the€floor.€€Only€20€to€30€seconds€elapsed€from€the€time€Bishop€heard€the€doorÐ ° Ðð ðcrashðð€open€to€the€point€at€which€he€was€on€the€ground.€€When€he€reached€the€floor,€he€finallyÐ œì Ðrealized€that€the€men€who€had€forced€him€to€the€ground€were€police€officers;€he€did€not€know€whoÐ ˆØ Ðor€what€they€were€when€they€initially€entered.€€Thereafter,€Bishop€was€handcuffed,€taken€off€theÐ tÄ Ðfloor,€and€searched.€€He€estimated€that€he€remained€handcuffed€for€approximately€20€to€30€minutes.Ð `° ÐÌà  àAlso€patronizing€the€tavern€when€the€SWAT€team€arrived€was€Delsa€Lee€Holmes.€€HolmesÐ 8 ˆ Ðtestified€that€she€heard€the€bar€door€open.€€She€next€observed€ð ðabout€fiveðð€men€enter€with€blackÐ $ t Ðmasks,€goggles,€and€guns,€ð ðhollering€to€get€down.ðð€€Holmes€was€ð ðstunned.ðð€€According€to€Holmes,Ð  ` Ðone€of€the€men€grabbed€her€by€the€hair€and€threw€her€down,€off€of€the€bar€stool.€€Holmes€claimedÐ ü L  Ðthat€her€knee€was€hurt€as€a€result,€and€her€nose€was€ð ðkind€of€busted.ðð€€€After€she€was€handcuffed,€oneÐ è 8  Ðof€the€men€informed€her€that€they€worked€for€the€Washington€County€Sheriffððs€Department.€€She€wasÐ Ô$  Ðthen€picked€up€off€the€floor€and€searched.€€In€her€purse,€the€officers€discovered€one€Lortab€tablet€andÐ À  Ðone€Valium€tablet,€both€loose.€€The€prescription€bottles€for€these€pills€were€also€in€the€purse.€€SheÐ ¬ü  Ðwas€nevertheless€arrested€on€charges€regarding€the€pills.€€The€charges€were€subsequently€dismissed.€Ð ˜è  ÐHolmes€stated€that€she€had€been€inside€the€bar€for€about€forty„five€minutes€when€the€search€beganÐ „Ô  Ðand€denied€that€she€had€anything€to€drink.€€She€also€claimed€that€the€officers€failed€to€ask€whetherÐ pÀ Ðanyone€was€hurt€but€admitted€that€she€did€not€report€her€injuries€to€anyone.Ð \¬ ÐÌò òà@òò&ìàANALYSISó óˆÐ 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€very€narrow€issue€presented€by€the€Stateððs€appeal€is€whether€the€law€enforcement€officersÐ  \ Ðwere€required€to€ð ðknock€and€announceðð€prior€to€entering€Defendantððs€tavern€to€execute€a€valid€searchÐ øH Ðwarrant.€€From€the€record€it€is€clear€that€the€officers€designated€to€actually€conduct€the€searchÐ ä4 Ðpursuant€to€the€search€warrant€did€not€include€any€of€the€SWAT€team€members.€€According€to€theÐ Ð  ÐSWAT€commander,€the€SWAT€team€was€to€secure€the€area€òòprioróó€to€execution€of€the€search€warrantÐ ¼  Ðby€members€of€the€DTF.€€The€SWAT€team€secured€the€interior€of€the€building€by€stunning€andÐ ¨ø Ðimmobilizing€each€person€present.€€The€team€accomplished€this€by€forcing€the€people€in€the€tavernÐ ”ä Ðto€the€floor€and€handcuffing€them.€€Then€the€officers€responsible€for€conducting€the€search€enteredÐ €Ð Ðthe€premises€to€conduct€the€search€pursuant€to€the€search€warrant.€€The€SWAT€teamððs€mission€wasÐ l¼ Ðlimited€to€providing€assistance€to€the€other€officers€in€the€execution€of€the€search€warrant.€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àSince€the€search€warrant€was€not€made€an€exhibit,€we€can€only€surmise€from€the€indictmentÐ 0"€  Ðthat€the€officers€involved€discovered€drugs€and€paraphernalia€on€Defendantððs€premises.€€Count€2€ofÐ #l! Ðindictment€no.€26213€alleges€that€on€April€28,€2000,€Defendant€possessed€with€intent€to€sell€orÐ $X" Ðdeliver€5.2€grams€of€a€Schedule€II€controlled€substance,€without€identifying€the€substance.€€CountÐ ô$D # Ð3€of€the€same€indictment€alleges€that€on€April€28,€2000,€Defendant€possessed€drug€paraphernaliaÐ à%0!$ Ðconsisting€of€electronic€scales,€inositol€powder,€and€a€small€spoon€with€white€residue.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€granted€Defendantððs€Motion€to€Suppress€because€the€failure€of€the€officers€toÐ ¤(ô#' Ðð ðknock€and€announceðð€violated€the€provisions€of€Rule€41(e)€of€Tennesseeððs€Rules€of€CriminalÐ )à$( ÐProcedure,€which€provides:Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà8  àà ` à(e)€Authority€to€Break€In.€€If€after€notice€of€authority€and€purpose€a€peaceÐ ° Ðofficer€òòis€not€granted€admittanceóó,€or€in€the€absence€of€anyone€with€authority€to€grantÐ œì Ðadmittance,€a€peace€officer€with€a€search€warrant€may€break€open€any€door€orÐ ˆØ Ðwindow€of€a€òòbuildingóó€or€òòvehicleóó,€or€any€part€thereof,€òòdescribed€to€be€searched€in€theÐ tÄ Ðwarrantóó€to€the€extent€that€it€is€reasonably€necessary€to€execute€the€warrant€and€doesÐ `° Ðnot€unnecessarily€damage€the€property.ÐL œÐ Ð  ÐÌTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€41(e)€(emphasis€added).Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€standard€for€our€review€of€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€and€conclusions€of€law€onÐ ü L  ÐDefendantððs€motion€to€suppress€evidence€is€set€forth€in€òòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18€(Tenn.€1996).€Ð è 8  ÐUnder€this€standard,€ð ða€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€in€a€suppression€hearing€will€be€upheld€unlessÐ Ô$  Ðthe€evidence€preponderates€otherwise.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€23.€€As€is€customary,€ð ðthe€prevailing€party€in€the€trialÐ À  Ðcourt€is€afforded€the€ððstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€and€legitimateÐ ¬ü  Ðinferences€that€may€be€drawn€from€that€evidence.ðððð€€òòState€v.€Carteróó,€16€S.W.3d€762,€765€(Tenn.Ð ˜è  Ð2000)€(quoting€òòState€v.€Keithóó,€978€S.W.2d€861,€864€(Tenn.€1998)).€€This€Court€reviews€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€theÐ „Ô  Ðtrial€courtððs€application€of€the€law€to€the€facts,€without€according€any€presumption€of€correctness€toÐ pÀ Ðthose€conclusions.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Waltonóó,€41€S.W.3d€75,€81€(Tenn.€2001);€òòState€v.€Crutcheróó,€989Ð \¬ ÐS.W.2d€295,€299€(Tenn.€1999).€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  à€The€State€correctly€recognizes€in€its€brief€that€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€hasÐ  p Ðconcluded€that€the€common€law€ð ðknock€and€announceðð€procedure€is€a€factor€to€consider€in€assessingÐ  \ Ðthe€reasonableness€of€a€search€or€seizure€under€the€Fourth€Amendment.€€òòWilson€v.€Arkansasóó,€514Ð øH ÐU.S.€927,€933„34,€115€S.Ct.€1914,€131€L.Ed.2d€976€(1995).€€The€ð ðknock€and€announceðð€requirementÐ ä4 Ðis€not€without€exception,€when€exigent€circumstances€exist.€€In€òòRichards€v.€Wisconsinóó,€520€U.S.€385,Ð Ð  Ð117€S.Ct.€1416,€137€L.Ed.2d€615€(1997),€the€Supreme€Court€held:Ð ¼  ÐÌà8  àà ` àIn€order€to€justify€a€ð ðno„knockðð€entry,€the€police€must€have€a€reasonableÐ ”ä Ðsuspicion€that€knocking€and€announcing€their€presence,€under€the€particularÐ €Ð Ðcircumstances,€would€be€dangerous€or€futile,€or€that€it€would€inhibit€the€effectiveÐ l¼ Ðinvestigation€of€the€crime€by,€for€example,€allowing€the€destruction€of€evidence.€€ÐX ¨Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€at€394.€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àWhile€not€afforded€the€same€heightened€protection€as€a€residential€dwelling,€commercialÐ $X" Ðpremises€are€protected€by€the€Fourth€Amendmentððs€prohibition€on€unreasonable€searches€andÐ ô$D # Ðseizures.€€òòNew€York€v.€Burgeróó,€482€U.S.€691,€699,€107€S.Ct.€2636,€2642,€96€L.Ed.2d€601,€612Ð à%0!$ Ð(1987).€€Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àThe€failure€to€comply€with€the€provisions€of€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€41(e),€absent€exigentÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcircumstances,€ð ðresults€in€the€exclusion€of€any€evidence€seized€under€color€of€the€[search]€warrant.ðð€Ð )à$( Ðâ âòòState€v.€Curtisóó,€964€S.W.2d€604,€609€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€In€its€ruling€from€the€bench,€and€onÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€record,€the€trial€court€found€that€no€exigent€circumstances€existed€justifying€noncompliance€withÐ ° ÐRule€41(e)ððs€ð ðknock€and€announceðð€requirement.€€Our€court€in€òòCurtisóó€explained€what€41(e)€requires:Ð œì Ðâ âÌà8  à[A]€law€enforcement€officer€who€is€charged€with€the€execution€of€a€search€warrantÐ tÄ Ðmust€give€(a)€notice€of€his€authority€(i.e.,€he€is€a€police€officer,€a€deputy€sheriff,€orÐ `° Ðan€agent€of€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation)€and€(b)€the€purpose€of€hisÐ L œ Ðpresence€at€the€structure€to€be€searched€(i.e.,€the€execution€of€a€search€warrant,€beforeÐ 8 ˆ Ðmaking€a€òòforcedóó€òòentryóó€into€the€structure).€€€Ð$ tÐ Ð  ÐÌòòCurtisóó,€964€S.W.2d€at€609€(citations€omitted)€(emphasis€added).Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àWe€conclude€that€the€language€of€Rule€41(e)€clearly€does€not€limit€the€meaning€of€the€wordÐ Ô$  Ðð ðbuildingðð€to€include€only€residential€dwellings.€€Again,€the€rule€states€that€the€officer€is€authorizedÐ À  Ðto€ð ðbreak€open€any€door€or€window€of€a€building€or€vehicle,€or€any€part€thereof,€described€to€beÐ ¬ü  Ðsearched€in€the€warrant.ðð€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€41(e).€€Indeed,€without€any€circumscriptions€in€the€rule,Ð ˜è  Ðthe€word€naturally€encompasses€òòanyóó€building,€whether€a€residence,€retail€commercial€premises,Ð „Ô  Ðtavern,€storage€building,€or€any€other€structure.€€Moreover,€as€noted€by€our€court€in€òòCurtisóó,€the€RuleÐ pÀ Ð41(e)€ð ðknock€and€announceðð€requirement€contemplates€a€procedure€to€be€utilized€prior€to€a€òòforcedóóÐ \¬ Ðentry€into€a€structure.€€Defendantððs€tavern€was€open€to€the€public€at€the€time€the€search€warrant€wasÐ H˜ Ðexecuted.€€Officers€could€have€walked€lawfully€through€the€door€into€the€open€area€of€the€tavernÐ 4„ Ðwithout€a€search€warrant.€€In€other€words,€Defendant€can€claim€no€reasonable€expectation€of€privacyÐ  p Ðin€the€area€the€SWAT€team€members€entered€to€ð ðsecureðð€each€customer€prior€to€the€execution€of€theÐ  \ Ðwarrant.€€(We€expressly€do€not€rule€on€the€expectation€of€privacy€of€any€of€the€customers€who€wereÐ øH Ðð ðprotectedðð€and€ð ðsecuredðð€by€the€SWAT€team.)€€In€sum,€we€conclude€that€the€ð ðknock€and€announceððÐ ä4 Ðrequirement€in€Rule€41(e)€pertains€to€any€building,€but€it€is€also€limited€to€only€those€buildings€whereÐ Ð  Ðpolice€officers€have€no€right€to€be,€absent€the€issuance€of€a€valid€search€warrant.€€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àUnder€the€facts€of€this€case,€we€consider€the€conduct€of€the€SWAT€team€to€be€dangerous€andÐ ”ä Ðan€unduly€frightening€experience€for€the€several€innocent€persons€present.€€We€agree€€with€the€trialÐ €Ð Ðcourt€that€no€exigent€circumstances€existed€to€excuse€noncompliance€with€the€ð ðknock€and€announceððÐ l¼ Ðrequirement,€if€Rule€41(e)€had€been€applicable.€€We€further€observe€that€the€trial€court€concludedÐ X ¨ Ðthat€law€enforcementððs€suspicion€that€Defendant€was€armed€was€nothing€more€than€a€ð ðhunch.ðð€€TheÐ D!” Ðproof€does€not€preponderate€against€this€finding,€and€we€note€that€the€record€is€also€devoid€of€proofÐ 0"€  Ðthat€anyone€else€present€in€the€tavern€during€the€raid€was€armed.€€We€are€concerned,€along€with€theÐ #l! Ðtrial€court,€about€the€inherent€danger€to€officers€and€the€innocent€bystanders€alike€when€methods€ofÐ $X" Ðthe€type€employed€by€the€SWAT€team€in€this€instance€are€utilized.€€Clearly,€the€judgment€of€lawÐ ô$D # Ðenforcement€concerning€the€necessity€for€ð ðshock€forceðð€tactics€in€this€case€is€suspect.€€We€speculateÐ à%0!$ Ðthat,€given€a€choice,€innocent€customers€of€a€business€establishment€would€overwhelmingly€opt€toÐ Ì&"% Ðforgo€ð ðprotection,ðð€rather€than€have€it€provided€in€such€a€manner.€€Nevertheless,€the€law€compelsÐ ¸'#& Ðus€to€reverse€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€There€was€no€requirement€for€the€officers€to€ð ðknockÐ ¤(ô#' Ðand€announceðð€prior€to€entering€Defendantððs€tavern.Ð )à$( ÐÌÐ h+¸&* Ðò òà@FF%ìàCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ ° ÐÌà  àFor€the€foregoing€reasons,€the€trial€courtððs€order€granting€Defendantððs€Motion€to€SuppressÐ ˆØ Ðis€reversed,€and€this€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedings.€€In€our€discretion,€weÐ tÄ Ðtax€costs€to€the€State.Ð `° ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à____________________________________Ð $ t Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGE