ÿWPCI )zÒ4AQB_Îö†ê…š†3Ý¥×¶Á–ì• &Âé^?vn#+YÜu"æN×'Ò´ô8ˆœ¿z”0ÛP€je¹bÎêà®yZ»‰ÇLìõ%ò[L0´Ù‚tÞ¯¾ÓæôDg@awYŽy—”{‘Ï»~*Oü Üu@ÚU=1?¸J‰~h¸9Ð÷~«`ÀȼÂC|n­ûÚ%§OøÄÞ„ÒÔØŠ¶˜Hš€ß<¯Ž9™ à©b:Š3ä¢MNÕ£ÙŸ²Ów6üè$ovß'Þœ¦v>-g÷ 嘴¿. ‹ùvÔH¢~ó‚,Qª:yȪ5“!øDgÝä'~Ù`Ä>#¶x$ú› L£c#¼¥¥®l‹ÿ`KBqqõ²Ë]NT÷&šÑñb8ŠÊÝ%bA‰§á1*ðˆj>XÚUÿËqyçô%) 0UB 0é— 0æ€ 0ãfçI 0à0 0Ý 0Úí 0×Ç 0Ôž 0Cr 0×µ 0ÔŒ 0Ñ` 0Î1! 0Ëÿ!bÊ" 0ÈÒ" 0Åš# 0À_$ 0@% 0Ô_% 0Ñ3& 0Î' 0ËÒ' 0È( 0Åe) 0Â** 0½ì* 00©+ 0<Ù+ 0¾, 0>Ó, 0v- 0`‡- 0`ç- 0`G. 0`§. 0`/ 08g/ 0ÒŸ/ 02q0 0ü£0 0:Ÿ1 0YÙ1 0_22 0 ‘2 0j›3 0„5 B*‰6 D/³6 0„â6 0ëf8 D/Q9 0΀9 06N: B„: 0¡: 0¤©; D3M< D-€< 0K­< 0:ø< AS2=Æ…= 0¤K> 0Dï> A«3? 0^Þ? 0<<@ 1ex@ 72Ý@U6AU*EAoAÀˆGÀHH˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÆlQ-s Yo†)DÔ¤3|xLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 56ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ 3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3£$´´Ô2#ÔÚ  Ú0Ú  Ú.Ô3  Ôà0  à Ñ ° Ñô\  `‹&Times New Roman êÝ ƒR±Ú$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€record€is€unclear€as€to€when€Dr.€Kenner€determined€that€a€neuropsychological€evaluation€would€beÐ ° Ðrequired.€According€to€the€defendantððs€òòex€parte€óómotion€filed€on€September€14,€1999,€seeking€a€resetting€of€theÐ tÄ Ðresentencing€hearing,€Dr.€Kenner€had€requested€that€this€be€done.€€However,€in€Dr.€Kennerððs€affidavit€dated€SeptemberÐ 8ˆ Ð21,€1999,€he€states€that,€as€a€result€of€his€psychiatric€evaluation€of€the€defendant€on€September€17,€1999,€he€recognizedÐ üL Ðthe€need€for€a€neuropsychological€evaluation.Ô‡X ùXòô÷½Ô Ý ƒR±Ú$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔWe€note€that€factors€(i)(5),€(i)(6),€and€(i)(7)€do€not€pertain€to€this€case€as€they€were€not€relied€upon€by€the€State.€Ð ° ÐThus,€any€individual€claim€with€respect€to€these€factors€is€without€merit.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Hallóó,€958€S.W.2d€679,€715Ð tÄ Ð(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Brimmeróó,€876€S.W.2d€75,€87€(Tenn.€1994).Ô‡X ùXòô÷½ÔÐ 8ˆ ÐÌ€*+ ÿÿ(_26Ô2ÔÔ3  Ôà..à*G+M ÿÿ(_25Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*D+M ÿÿ(_24Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*A+M ÿÿ(_23Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó ÝÝ ƒR±Ú$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€stamped€file€date€on€the€motion€is€legible€as€to€the€month€and€year,€but€not€as€to€the€day.*>+M ÿÿ(_22Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*;+M ÿÿ(_21Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*8+M ÿÿ(_20Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*5+M ÿÿ(_19Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*2+M ÿÿ(_18Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ôà..àÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó* ÿÿ(_17Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô€*GM ÿÿ(_16Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*DM ÿÿ(_15Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*AM ÿÿ(_14Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*>M ÿÿ(_13Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*;M ÿÿ(_12Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó- ù-*8M ÿÿ(_11Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó*5M ÿÿ(_10Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(2M ÿÿ&_9Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô€Ó  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó( ÿÿ&_8Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô(GM ÿÿ&_7Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ° ÓÓ/%` ` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ /ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(DM ÿÿ&_6Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ,"¸ ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ ,ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(AM ÿÿ&_5Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ` ÓÓ) hÀpÈ xÐ )ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(>M ÿÿ&_4Ó ¨ý ÓÓ ¸ ÓÓ&hhÀpÈ xÐ &ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(;M ÿÿ&_3Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓ#ÀÀpÈ xÐ #ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(8M ÿÿ&_2Ó ¨ý ÓÓ h ÓÓ pÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó(5M ÿÿ&_1Ó ¨ý ÓÓ À ÓÓppÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó&2M ÿÿ$_Ó ¨ý ÓÓ  ÓÓÈÈ xÐ ÓÔ2ÔÔ3  ÔÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ ¨ý Ó0ÿÿ.Normal<ÿÿ:Definition T<AAÿÿ:Definition LÓ , ÓÓ5+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5Ó8ÿÿ6Definitionòòóó(''ÿÿ&H1ò òÔ  ÔÔ‡°°°ÔÔ‡ôôôÔó óÔ  Ô(ÿÿ&H2ò òÔ‡„„„ÔÔ‡ôôôÔó ó(ÿÿ&H3ò òÔ‡¼¼¼ÔÔ‡ôôôÔó ó(ÿÿ&H4ò òÔ‡XXXÔÔ‡ôôôÔó ó(ÿÿ&H5ò òÔ‡ôôôÔó óÔ‡ôôôÔ(ÿÿ&H6ò òÔ‡ÔÔ‡ôôôÔó ó2ÿÿ0Addressòòóó8MMÿÿ6BlockquoteÓ , ÓÓ , ÓÓ5+Ü Ü` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5ÓÓ  ÓÓ  ÓÓ5+° °` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ 5Ó,ÿÿ*CITEòòóó,dlÿÿ*CODEÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡f<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ4ÿÿ2Emphasisòòóó6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô<ÿÿ:FollowedHypeóóòòÔ €€ ÔóóÔ  Ô4goÿÿ2Keyboardò òÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡f<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔó ó<“›ÿÿ:PreformattedÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È %#/ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡f<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ/%° °Ïî ,KkŠ©È %#/Ó<š®ÿÿ:z©Bottom of Ó7€P(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ÔÔ?‡g%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ7€Z(€X7Ó&ÿÿ  d dO)1dxd<š®ÿÿ:z©Top of ForÓ7€S(€X7ÓÓ  ÓÔ‡ÔÔ?‡g%ä2¼A`‹Arial?ÔÓ  ÓÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔÓ7€Z(€X7Ó(|G2±Ú$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€PE»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔO)2dxd0KSÿÿ.SampleÔK‡f<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ0ÿÿ.Strongò òó ó d8dlÿÿ6TypewriterÔ‡ôôôÔÔK‡f<þ6X9`(‹Courier NewKÔÔ‡ôôôÔÔS‡ô\  `‹&Times New RomanSÔ(|3 V$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€PE»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó4ÿÿ2Variableòòóó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3 V$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€PE»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKK: ÿÿ8HTML MarkupÔB  ÔÔ ÿ ÔÔ  Ô2 ÿÿ0CommentÔB  Ô()*+,-/0 ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.i)<þ6X9`(‹Courier New%ä2¼A`‹Arial Ý ƒR±Ú$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔSince€the€release€of€the€opinion€in€òòÔ_ÔDellingerÔ_Ôóó,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€determined€to€be€violative€ofÐ ° Ðthe€Sixth€Amendment€the€Arizona€capital€sentencing€procedure,€wherein€a€defendant€could€not€be€sentenced€to€deathÐ tÄ Ðunless€the€judge€who€presided€at€the€trial€had€determined,€in€a€separate€hearing,€ð ðthe€presence€or€absence€of€theÐ 8ˆ Ðenumerated€ððaggravating€circumstancesðð€and€any€ððmitigating€circumstances,ðððð€and€may€ð ðsentence€the€defendant€to€deathÐ üL Ðonly€if€there€is€at€least€one€aggravating€circumstance€and€ððthere€are€no€mitigating€circumstances€sufficiently€substantialÐ À Ðto€call€for€leniency.ðððð€€òòRing€v.€Arizonaóó,€__€U.S.€__,€122€S.€Ct.€2428,€2434„35,€153€L.€Ed.€2d€556,€566€(2002)€(quotingÐ „Ô ÐAriz.€Rev.€Stat.€Ann.€ðð€13„703(F)).€€However,€the€court€noted€that€twenty„nine€states,€including€Tennessee,€of€the€thirty„Ð H ˜ Ðeight€states€with€capital€punishment,€ð ðcommit€sentencing€decisions€to€juries.ðð€€òòId.óó€at€__,€122€S.€Ct.€at€2442€n.6,€153€L.Ð  \ ÐEd.€2d€at€576€n.6.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€the€holding€of€our€supreme€court€in€òòÔ_ÔDellingerÔ_Ôóó€is€not€affected€by€theÐ Ð  Ðdecision€of€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€in€òòRingóó. ¶Ý ƒR±Ú$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô486€U.S.€367,€108€S.€Ct.€1860,€100€L.€Ed.€2d€384€(1988). ¶Ý ƒR±Ú$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô÷½ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_Ô494€U.S.€433,€110€S.€Ct.€1227,€108€L.€Ed.€2d€369€(1990).Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€PE»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼PE»»»ÔÑ8€ ùXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îE¤î»¼PEÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼PE»îîE¤#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àMarch€12,€2002€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡X ùX»¼PEÔÌò òÔ#†¼PE»XX ù"#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€RICHARD€Ô_ÔODOMÔ_Ô,€a/k/a€OTIS€SMITHÔ‡X ùX»¼PEÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€91„07049€€€€€€Chris€Craft,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„02301„CCA„R3„DD€€Ô_Ô„Ô_Ô€Filed€October€15,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÔ#†¼PE»XX ùÂ#ÔÔ‡X ùX»¼PEÔThe€defendant,€Richard€Ô_ÔOdomÔ_Ô,€was€convicted€in€1996€for€first€degree€murder€and€sentenced€to€death.Ð xÈ  ÐOur€supreme€court€affirmed€the€conviction€but€remanded€for€a€Ô_ÔresentencingÔ_Ô€hearing,€which€resultedÐ d´ Ðin€a€juryððs€again€sentencing€the€defendant€to€death,€after€finding,€as€an€aggravating€circumstance,€thatÐ P  Ðthe€defendant€previously€had€been€convicted€of€one€or€more€violent€felonies.€€He€appealed€thatÐ <Œ Ðsentence,€òòóóalleging,€òòinter€aliaóó,òò€óóthat€the€indictment€failed€to€charge€a€capital€offense;€and€that€the€trialÐ (x Ðcourt€erred€in€denying€his€motion€for€a€continuance;€denying€his€motion€to€apply€the€version€of€Tenn.Ð d ÐCode€Ann.€€ðð€39„13„204€in€effect€at€the€time€of€his€offense;€allowing€as€exhibits€photographs€of€theÐ P Ðvictims€of€the€crimes;€and€denying€his€motion€to€allow€the€jury€to€impose€a€sentence€of€life€withoutÐ ì< Ðparole.€€Following€our€review,€we€affirm€the€imposition€of€death.€Ô#†¼PE»XX ùT#ÔÔ#†¼PE»»¼PE#ÔÔ‡X ùX»¼PEÔÐ Ø( ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ° ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼PE»àX ù #ÔÔ‡X ùX.¼PEÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ô,óó€and€òòNormaÐ ˆØ ÐMcGee€Ogle,€J.óó,€joined.Ð tÄ ÐÌRobert€C.€Brooks€(at€trial€and€on€appeal)€and€Edward€Chandler€(at€trial),€Memphis,€Tennessee,€forÐ L œ Ðthe€appellant,€Richard€Ô_ÔOdomÔ_Ô.Ð 8!ˆ  ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Mark€E.€Davidson,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð #`" ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Phillip€Gerald€Harris€and€Amy€Ô_ÔWeirichÔ_Ô,Ð ü#L# ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð è$8 $ ÐÓÍ ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼PE»XX ùü #ÔÔ‡X ùX»¼PEÔÐ À&"& ÐÌÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÓ  Óà  àBecause€of€the€complicated€nature€of€this€matter,€we€first€will€set€out€its€history.€€TheÐ ˜(è#( Ðdefendant€was€convicted€in€1996€for€the€May€10,€1991,€first€degree€murder€committed€in€theÐ „)Ô$) Ðperpetration€of€aggravated€rape€of€Ô_ÔMinaÔ_Ô€Ethel€Johnson.€€The€jury,€finding€three€aggravatingÐ p*À%* Ðcircumstances:€€(1)€the€defendant€had€been€previously€convicted€of€one€or€more€violent€felonies,Ð \+¬&+ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(2);€(2)€the€murder€was€especially€heinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel,€Tenn.Ð H,˜', ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(Ô_ÔiÔ_Ô)(5);€and€(3)€the€murder€was€committed€during€the€defendantððs€escape€fromÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_Ôlawful€custody€or€from€a€place€of€lawful€confinement,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(8),€sentencedÐ ° Ðthe€defendant€to€death.€€On€direct€appeal,€our€supreme€court€affirmed€the€defendantððs€conviction€forÐ œì Ðfirst€degree€murder€but€reversed€the€sentence€of€death€and€remanded€for€a€new€sentencing€hearing.€Ð ˆØ ÐòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Odomóó,€928€S.W.2d€18€(Tenn.€1996).€€The€court€found€that€reversible€error€wasÐ tÄ Ðcommitted€in€the€sentencing€phase€in€that€(1)€the€proof€did€not€support€application€of€the€(i)(5),Ð `° Ðheinous,€atrocious,€cruel,€aggravating€circumstance;€(2)€the€evidence€did€not€support€the€juryððsÐ L œ Ðfinding€that€the€defendant€committed€the€murder€during€an€escape€from€lawful€custody,€(i)(8);€(3)Ð 8 ˆ Ðthe€trial€court€failed€to€permit€the€defendant€to€present€the€mitigating€testimony€of€Dr.€John€Hutson;Ð $ t Ðand€(4)€the€trial€court€failed€to€properly€instruct€the€jury€as€to€nonstatutory€mitigating€circumstances.€Ð  ` ÐòòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€32„33.€€At€the€resentencing€hearing,€which€commenced€on€September€28,€1999,€the€juryÐ ü L  Ðfound€the€presence€of€one€aggravating€circumstance,€the€defendant€had€been€previously€convictedÐ è 8  Ðof€one€or€more€violent€felonies,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(2).€€The€jury€further€determinedÐ Ô$  Ðthat€the€mitigating€circumstances€did€not€outweigh€the€aggravating€circumstance€and€imposed€aÐ À  Ðsentence€of€death.€€The€trial€court€approved€the€sentencing€verdict.€€In€his€appeal,€the€defendantÐ ¬ü  Ðpresents€the€following€claims:€Ð ˜è  ÐÌÓ*°,XƒX" –X°œX*Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àI.à0" ` x` xàThe€indictment€failed€to€charge€a€capital€offense;€ÐpÀ" x" x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àII.à " àThe€court€erred€in€denying€the€defendantððs€motion€for€aÐ H˜ Ðcontinuance€in€order€to€complete€psychiatric€and€neuropsychologicalÐ 4„ Ðtesting;€Ð p` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIII.à " àThe€court€erred€in€denying€the€defendantððs€motion€to€sentenceÐ øH Ðhim€according€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„204,€€asÐ ä4 Ðit€existed€at€the€time€of€the€offense€rather€than€as€it€existed€at€the€timeÐ Ð  Ðof€resentencing;€Ð¼ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIV.à " àThe€court€erred€in€allowing€photographs€of€the€homicideÐ ”ä Ðvictims;€Ð€Ð` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àV.à " àThe€court€erred€in€denying€the€defendantððs€motion€to€allow€theÐ X ¨ Ðjury€to€impose€a€sentence€of€life€without€parole;€ÐD!”` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àVI.à " àThe€death€penalty€violates€treaties€which€have€been€ratified€byÐ #l! Ðthe€United€States,€and€violates€international€law;€Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àVII.à " àThe€Tennessee€death€penalty€sentencing€statute€isÐ à%0!$ Ðunconstitutional;€ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àVIII.à " àThe€criteria€of€section€39„13„206(c)(1)€have€not€been€satisfiedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðin€the€present€case;€and€Ð)à$(` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIX.à0" ` x` xàThe€cumulative€effect€of€all€errors€necessitates€reversal.€€Ðh+¸&*" x" x ЇÌà  àFollowing€our€review€of€the€record€on€appeal€and€applicable€authorities,€we€conclude€thatÐ œì Ðthe€defendantððs€arguments€are€without€merit€and€affirm€the€imposition€of€death.Ô#†X ùXXX ù™#ÔÔ#†¼PE»XX ùd#ÔÔ‡X ùX»¼PEÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼PE»XX ùF!#ÔÔ€X ùX»¼PEÔòòò òÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔóóÓ  ÓòòFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDóóó óÐ `° ÐÓë!ÓÌà  àAlthough€not€an€issue€in€this€appeal,€the€factual€findings€developed€during€the€guilt€phaseÐ 8 ˆ Ðand€summarized€by€our€supreme€court€in€the€original€direct€appeal€are€as€follows:Ð $ t ÐÌÓ6°,XƒX" ¸ —X°,XƒX" –X6Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThe€record€indicates€that€at€approximately€1:15€p.m.€on€May€10,Ð ü L  Ð1991,€Ms.€Mina€Ethel€Johnson€left€the€residence€of€her€sister,€Ms.Ð è 8  ÐMary€Louise€Long,€to€keep€a€2:30€p.m.€appointment€with€herÐ Ô$  Ðpodiatrist,€Stanley€Zellner,€D.P.M.€She€agreed€to€purchase€a€fewÐ À  Ðgroceries€while€she€was€out.€€Johnson€had€not€returned€at€5€p.m.;€€Ð ¬ü  Ðthis€delay€prompted€Long€to€call€Zellner.€€He€told€Long€that€JohnsonÐ ˜è  Ðhad€not€kept€her€appointment.€€As€a€result€of€a€subsequent€call€fromÐ „Ô  ÐLong,€Zellner€agreed€to€return€to€his€office€and€look€for€Johnson's€carÐ pÀ Ðin€the€parking€garage.€€He€located€her€car€in€the€parking€garage€andÐ \¬ Ðobserved€her€body€inside.€€He€went€immediately€to€the€Union€AvenueÐ H˜ Ðpolice€precinct€and€notified€officers.Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àInvestigating€officers€found€Johnson's€body€on€the€rearÐ  \ Ðfloorboard€of€her€car€with€her€face€down€in€the€back€seat.€€Her€dressÐ øH Ðwas€up€over€her€back,€and€an€undergarment€was€around€her€ankles.€Ð ä4 ÐOne€of€several€latent€fingerprints€lifted€from€the€"left€rear€seat€beltÐ Ð  Ðfastener"€of€Johnson's€car€matched€a€fingerprint€belonging€to€theÐ ¼  Ðdefendant,€Richard€Odom,€alias€Otis€Smith.Шø` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThe€medical€examiner€testified€that€Johnson€had€sufferedÐ €Ð Ðmultiple€stab€wounds€to€the€body,€including€penetrating€wounds€toÐ l¼ Ðthe€heart,€lung,€and€liver.€€These€wounds€caused€internal€bleedingÐ X ¨ Ðand,€ultimately,€death.€€The€medical€examiner€noted€"defensive"Ð D!” Ðwounds€on€her€hands.€€Further€examination€revealed€a€tear€in€theÐ 0"€  Ðvaginal€wall€and€the€presence€of€semen€inside€the€vagina.€€In€theÐ #l! Ðmedical€examiner's€opinion,€death€was€neither€instantaneous€norÐ $X" Ðimmediate€to€the€wounds€but€had€occurred€"rather€quickly."Ðô$D #` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThree€days€after€the€incident,€Sergeant€Ronnie€McWilliams€ofÐ Ì&"% Ðthe€Homicide€Unit,€Memphis€Police€Department,€arrested€theÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant.€€As€a€result€of€a€search€incident€to€arrest,€McWilliamsÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconfiscated€a€large,€open,€lock-blade€knife€from€the€defendant.€€WhenÐ )à$( Ðthey€arrived€at€the€homicide€office,€McWilliams€told€the€defendant€ofÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€charges€against€him€and€read€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€to€him.€€TheÐ h+¸&* Ðdefendant€executed€a€"Waiver€of€Rights"€form,€signing€"Otis€Smith."€Ð ° ЀA€short€time€later€he€acknowledged€having€identified€himself€falsely,Ð œì Ðexecuted€a€second€rights€waiver€by€signing€"Richard€Odom"€and€gaveÐ ˆØ ÐMcWilliams€a€complete,€written€statement.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àIn€his€statement,€the€defendant€said€that€his€initial€intention€wasÐ L œ Ðto€accost€Johnson€and€"snatch"€her€purse€after€having€seen€her€in€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðparking€garage€beside€her€car.€€He€ran€to€her€and€grabbed€her;€both€ofÐ $ t Ðthem€fell€into€the€front€seat.€€He€then€pushed€her€over€the€console€intoÐ  ` Ðthe€rear€seat.€€He€"cut"€Johnson€with€his€knife.€€Johnson€addressedÐ ü L  Ðhim€as€"son."€€€This€appellation€apparently€enraged€the€defendant;€heÐ è 8  Ðresponded€that€"[he]€would€give€her€a€son."€€He€penetrated€herÐ Ô$  Ðvaginally;€he€felt€that€Johnson€was€then€still€alive€because€she€spokeÐ À  Ðto€him.€€Beyond€the€first€wound,€the€defendant€claimed€not€to€haveÐ ¬ü  Ðremembered€inflicting€the€other€stab€wounds.€€Thereafter,€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant€climbed€into€the€front€seat€and€rifled€through€Johnson'sÐ „Ô  Ðpurse.€€He€found€nothing€of€value€to€him,€except€the€car€keys,€whichÐ pÀ Ðhe€later€discarded.€€He€then€went€to€an€abandoned€building€where€heÐ \¬ Ðhad€clothing€and€changed€clothes.ÐH˜` x` x ÐÌòòOdomóó,€928€S.W.2d€at€21„22.Ð  p ЀÌà@Ð Ð ìàò òòòPROOF€AT€THE€RESENTENCING€HEARINGóóó óˆÐ øH ÐÌò òÓ  ÓA.€€Stateððs€ProofÐ Ð  Ðó óÌÓ5Óà  àJohn€Sullivan,€whose€mother€was€a€close€friend€of€the€victim€and€her€sister,€Louise€Long,Ð ¨ø Ðtestified€as€the€first€witness€for€the€State.€€He€described€the€victim€as€a€ð ðvery€shy,€genteel€personððÐ ”ä Ðwho,€even€though€in€her€late€seventies,€was€completely€capable€of€managing€her€own€affairs.€€TheÐ €Ð Ðvictim€had€never€married€and€had€no€children.€€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àSullivan€said€that€Ms.€Long€called€him€on€May€10,€1991,€between€6:00€and€6:30€p.m.,€andÐ D!” Ðtold€him€that€the€victim€was€missing€and€that€she€was€afraid€something€had€happened€to€her.€€HeÐ 0"€  Ðimmediately€went€to€Ms.€Longððs€apartment,€and€the€two€then€drove€to€the€victimððs€apartment€toÐ #l! Ðascertain€her€whereabouts.€€When€they€did€not€find€the€victim€at€her€apartment€or€see€her€car€in€theÐ $X" Ðparking€lot,€Sullivan€and€Long€drove€to€the€Madison€Avenue€parking€garage€located€near€theÐ ô$D # Ðvictimððs€doctorððs€office.€€They€drove€up€to€the€roof€of€the€garage€and€then€started€driving€back€down.€Ð à%0!$ ÐOn€their€way€down,€Sullivan€spotted€a€blue€Chevrolet€automobile€which€he€believed€to€be€theÐ Ì&"% Ðvictimððs€car.€€He€got€out€of€his€car€and€walked€over€to€the€blue€Chevrolet€where€he€found€the€victimÐ ¸'#& Ðin€the€backseat.€€Sullivan€said€that€none€of€the€car€doors€were€open,€the€victimððs€ð ðhead€was€downÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtowards€the€floor€.€.€.€her€clothes€were€disheveled€.€.€.€[and]€[i]t€was€obvious€that€she€was€dead.ðð€€NotÐ )à$( Ðwanting€to€tell€Ms.€Long€what€he€had€discovered,€Sullivan€got€back€into€his€car€and€told€her€that€heÐ |*Ì%) Ðdid€not€think€that€car€was€the€victimððs€car.€€On€his€way€out€of€the€parking€garage,€he€saw€a€policeÐ h+¸&* Ðofficer€at€the€entrance€and€informed€the€officer€of€what€he€had€seen.€€Sullivan€then€drove€Ms.€LongÐ ° Ðhome€before€returning€to€the€garage€to€speak€to€the€investigators.€€He€later€told€Ms.€Long€what€hadÐ œì Ðhappened€to€her€sister.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àSergeant€Donna€Locastro€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€that€she€responded€toÐ `° Ða€missing€personððs€call€at€approximately€6:25€p.m.€on€May€10,€1991,€at€Ms.€Longððs€apartment.€€Ms.Ð L œ ÐLong€informed€her€that€the€victim€had€left€Ms.€Longððs€apartment€at€1:30€p.m.€to€go€to€a€2:30€p.m.Ð 8 ˆ Ðdoctorððs€appointment€and€had€not€returned.€€Locastro€and€her€partner€decided€to€retrace€the€victimððsÐ $ t Ðroute€to€her€doctorððs€office€and€subsequently€went€to€the€parking€garage€at€969€Madison€Avenue.Ð  ` ÐUpon€their€arrival,€Locastro€saw€Officer€Hoffman€and€the€victimððs€blue€Chevrolet€Nova€which€hadÐ ü L  Ðall€four€doors€closed.€€Locastro€described€what€she€saw€as€she€approached€the€victimððs€car:Ð è 8  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " à[The€victim]€was€in€the€back€seat€of€the€car€on€the€floorboardÐ À  Ðwith€her€head€behind€the€driverððs€seat,€turned€back€toward€the€left,€soÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€you€could€see€her€face.€€And€she€had€multiple€stab€wounds€in€herÐ ˜è  Ðback,€and€she€was€bleeding€from€the€anal€area€and€from€the€vaginalÐ „Ô  Ðarea,€and€she€had€two€bloody€hand€prints€on€her€hips€where€someoneÐ pÀ Ðhad€grabbed€her€from€behind.Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌSergeant€Locastro€and€other€officers€then€secured€the€crime€scene.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àMary€Louise€Long,€the€victimððs€sister,€testified€that,€on€the€day€the€victim€was€killed,€theÐ  \ Ðvictim€had€an€appointment€to€see€Dr.€Zellner€about€her€broken€foot.€€Ms.€Long€talked€to€the€victimÐ øH Ðby€telephone€that€day€as€she€did€every€day.€€She€described€the€victim€as€a€ð ðvery€quietðð€person€whoÐ ä4 Ðwas€active€in€her€church€and€had€only€retired€from€a€secretarial€job€with€an€insurance€company€threeÐ Ð  Ðyears€before€her€death.€€Ms.€Long€said€that€she€missed€her€sister€very€much.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àDr.€Jerry€Thomas€Francisco€testified€that€he€performed€the€autopsy€on€the€victimððs€body€onÐ ”ä ÐMay€11,€1991,€and€determined€that€the€cause€of€her€death€was€ð ð[s]tab€wounds€to€the€right€ventricle,Ð €Ð Ðwhich€means€a€stab€wound€to€the€heart.ðð€€Dr.€Francisco€described€the€stab€wounds€he€found€on€theÐ l¼ Ðvictim:€€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThere€was€the€stab€to€the€chest,€which€was€the€one€thatÐ 0"€  Ðpenetrated€to€the€heart,€resulting€in€bleeding€in€and€around€the€heart.€Ð #l! ÐThere€was€a€stab€wound€to€the€right€lung.€€There€was€a€stab€wound€toÐ $X" Ðthe€liver,€and€there€were€two€cuts€to€the€right€hand,€which€areÐ ô$D # Ðdescribed€as€defensive€wounds,€meaning€that€the€hand€was€somehowÐ à%0!$ Ðinvolved€as€the€stab€wounds€were€occurring,€so€that€there€were€cutsÐ Ì&"% Ðon€the€fingers.и'#&` x` x ÐÌIn€addition€to€the€stab€wounds,€the€victim€had€ð ða€tear€to€the€ð!ð€whatððs€called€a€posterior€part€of€theÐ )à$( Ðvagina,€which€was€a€traumatic€event€causing€this€separation€of€tissue€to€the€part€of€the€vaginaÐ |*Ì%) Ðbecause€of€some€trauma,€either€an€attempt€at€penetration€of€a€penis€or€other€object€into€the€vagina,Ð h+¸&* Ðproducing€this€tear.ðð€€Sperm€was€present€in€the€victimððs€vagina.€€Dr.€Francisco€determined€that€allÐ ° Ðof€the€victimððs€wounds€were€inflicted€upon€her€while€she€was€still€alive.€€The€stab€wound€to€theÐ œì Ðvictimððs€heart€would€not€have€caused€instantaneous€death,€and€all€of€the€wounds€would€have€causedÐ ˆØ Ðimmediate€pain.Ð tÄ ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€Dr.€Francisco€was€questioned€about€the€human€brain€and€agreedÐ L œ Ðthat€serotonin€is€one€of€the€neurotransmitters€of€the€brain.€€He€defined€serotonin€as€ð ða€chemicalÐ 8 ˆ Ðcompound€thatððs€found€in€the€bodyðð€but€disagreed€that€it€is€the€chemical€compound€that€enables€aÐ $ t Ðperson€to€control€his€or€her€behavior.€€On€redirect,€Dr.€Francisco€testified€that,€based€on€his€years€ofÐ  ` Ðexperience€in€the€scientific€community€and€his€expertise€as€a€pathologist,€he€did€not€accept€theÐ ü L  Ðscientific€theory€that€serotonin€is€the€only€cause€of€aggression.€€On€recross,€Dr.€Francisco€concededÐ è 8  Ðthat€he€was€not€familiar€with€the€studies€concerning€low€levels€of€serotonin€and€that€he€had€not€readÐ Ô$  Ðany€scientific€studies€performed€in€the€last€twenty€years€concerning€aggression€and€serotonin.€Ð À  ÐÌà  àSergeant€Ronnie€McWilliams€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€Homicide€DivisionÐ ˜è  Ðtestified€that€he€arrested€the€defendant€at€approximately€7:00€p.m.€on€May€13,€1991,€on€MadisonÐ „Ô  ÐAvenue€about€two€blocks€from€the€crime€scene.€€He€said€that€fingerprints€recovered€from€theÐ pÀ Ðvictimððs€car€had€matched€the€defendantððs€prints.€€A€search€of€the€defendantððs€person€produced€ð ðanÐ \¬ ÐOld€Timer€large€pocket€knife,€locked€blade,€quite€a€large€knife€.€.€.€underneath€his€shirt,€between€hisÐ H˜ Ðpants€and€his€back.ðð€€After€transporting€the€defendant€to€the€homicide€office€and€advising€him€of€hisÐ 4„ Ðrights,€McWilliams€and€his€partner,€Sergeant€R.D.€Roleson,€interviewed€the€defendant,€taking€bothÐ  p Ðoral€and€written€statements€from€him.€€The€defendant€first€signed€the€advice€of€rights€form€as€OtisÐ  \ ÐSmith;€however,€after€discovering€that€his€true€name€was€Richard€Odom,€McWilliams€had€theÐ øH Ðdefendant€sign€a€second€form€using€his€true€name.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àMcWilliams€recited€the€defendantððs€oral€statement€taken€on€May€13,€1991,€at€7:45€p.m.€€InÐ ¼  Ðthat€statement,€the€defendant€said€he€had€been€imprisoned€in€Mississippi€for€thirteen€years€for€theÐ ¨ø ÐMay€1978€murder€of€ð ðBecky.ðð€€The€defendant€said€he€was€ð ðsuppose[d]€to€be€serving€life€for€theÐ ”ä Ðmurderðð€but€had€escaped€and€come€to€Memphis.€€He€said€he€had€been€staying€at€the€AdmiralÐ €Ð ÐBenbow€Inn€on€Union€Avenue€and€that€his€prison€identification€was€in€his€motel€room.Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àWhen€asked€about€the€victim,€the€defendant€told€the€officers€that€he€had€intended€only€toÐ D!” Ðsteal€her€purse€in€order€to€get€some€money€to€buy€food.€€He€said€that€he€confronted€the€victim€at€theÐ 0"€  Ðdoor€of€her€car€and€pushed€her€into€the€backseat.€€The€victim€asked€him,€ð ðWhat€are€you€doing,€son,ððÐ #l! Ðto€which€the€defendant€replied,€ð ðIððll€give€you€your€damn€son.ðð€€The€defendant€said€that€while€he€wasÐ $X" Ðraping€the€victim,€she€told€him€that€she€had€ð ðnever€had€sex€with€a€man€before.ðð€€The€defendantÐ ô$D # Ðadmitted€that€the€knife€the€officers€found€on€him€ð ðwas€the€knife€that€[he]€used€on€the€lady.ðð€€TheÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant€said,€ð ðI€donððt€know€how€or€where€blood€came€from,€but€it€was€on€me.€€I€felt€the€blood.€Ð Ì&"% ÐThat€was€right€after€I€felt€the€knife€in€my€back€and€I€pulled€it€out.ðð€€The€defendant€did€not€rememberÐ ¸'#& Ðhow€many€times€he€had€stabbed€the€victim.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àSergeant€McWilliams€also€recited€the€defendantððs€written€statement€taken€on€May€13,€1991,Ð |*Ì%) Ðat€10:29€p.m.€€In€that€statement,€the€defendant€admitted€killing€the€victim€with€an€ð ðOld€Timer€buckÐ h+¸&* Ðknife,€folding€blade.ðð€€The€defendant€again€said€that€his€only€intention€was€to€ð ðsnatch€her€purse€andÐ ° Ðrun,ðð€but€when€he€grabbed€her€arm,€they€fell€back€into€the€car€and€he€ð ðmanaged€to€get€[his]€knifeÐ œì Ðwhile€doing€so.ðð€€The€defendant€said€he€did€not€know€if€he€stabbed€the€victim€when€he€got€in€theÐ ˆØ Ðbackseat€with€her€or€when€he€got€back€in€the€front€seat.€€The€defendant€did€not€remember€if€he€hadÐ tÄ Ðvaginal€or€anal€intercourse€with€the€victim€but€was€ð ðquite€sure€she€was€alive€because€she€told€[him]Ð `° Ðshe€had€never€had€sex€before.ðð€€He€remembered€going€through€the€victimððs€wallet€or€purse€and€onlyÐ L œ Ðfinding€Medicare€cards,€coupons,€and€a€blank€check.€€He€exited€the€car,€went€down€the€stairs€of€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðparking€garage,€threw€the€victimððs€car€keys€ð ðinto€a€hole,ðð€and€walked€to€an€abandoned€motel€onÐ $ t ÐLamar€Avenue.€€There,€he€changed€clothes€and€then€went€to€a€friendððs€house.Ð  ` ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€admitted€to€the€officers€that€he€had€killed€Becky€Roberts€in€May€1978€in€Pearl,Ð è 8  ÐMississippi,€and€that€he€was€ð ðserving€time€for€that€until€[he]€escaped€two€months€ago.ðð€€He€said€heÐ Ô$  Ðhad€come€to€Memphis€immediately€after€escaping€from€the€Simpson€County€Jail€in€Mendenhall,Ð À  ÐMississippi.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àSergeant€McWilliams€testified€that€the€defendantððs€Mississippi€identifications€were€recoveredÐ „Ô  Ðfrom€his€room€at€the€Admiral€Benbow€Inn,€and€his€bloody€clothes€were€recovered€from€theÐ pÀ Ðabandoned€motel€on€Lamar€Avenue.€€McWilliams€spent€about€five€hours€interviewing€the€defendantÐ \¬ Ðand€recalled€that€the€defendant€was€calm€and€ð ð[o]pen€to€conversation.ðð€€The€defendant€did€not€seemÐ H˜ Ðremorseful;€in€fact,€McWilliams€ð ðfelt€like€he€was€kind€of€bragging€a€little€bit€about€the€situation.ðð€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€McWilliams€testified€that€the€defendantððs€fingerprint€wasÐ  \ Ðrecovered€from€the€seatbelt€inside€the€victimððs€car.€€He€conceded€that€the€defendantððs€oral€statementÐ øH Ðwas€not€a€verbatim€statement€of€what€the€defendant€had€said.€€Once€the€officers€told€the€defendantÐ ä4 Ðabout€the€fingerprint€recovered€from€the€victimððs€car,€the€defendant€ð ðtold€his€side€of€the€storyðð€andÐ Ð  Ðadmitted€that€he€had€committed€a€rape€and€a€murder.€€The€defendant€told€the€officers€that€he€knewÐ ¼  Ðhe€needed€help€ð ðmentallyð!ðpsychologically.ðð€McWilliams€denied€coercing€or€threatening€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€into€giving€his€statements.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àLillian€Hammond€testified€that€on€May€8,€1991,€she€was€working€late€at€Shelby€StateÐ l¼ ÐCommunity€College€on€Union€Avenue€in€Memphis.€€She€left€her€office€at€approximately€7:00€p.m.Ð X ¨ Ðand€walked€to€her€car€which€was€parked€ð ðright€outside€of€the€building.ðð€€As€she€proceeded€to€unlockÐ D!” Ðher€car€door,€the€defendant€approached€her,€saying,€ð ðDonððt€make€any€noise€or€Iððll€kill€you.€€Give€meÐ 0"€  Ðyour€purse.ðð€€She€asked€the€defendant€what€he€wanted,€and€he€said,€ð ðI€want€you.ðð€€The€defendantÐ #l! Ðgrabbed€her€left€arm,€and€she€fell€to€the€ground€by€her€car.€€The€defendant€repeatedly€told€her€ð ðdonððtÐ $X" Ðmake€a€sound€or€Iððll€hurt€you.ðð€€The€defendant€took€her€purse€and€suddenly€backed€away,€againÐ ô$D # Ðtelling€her,€ð ðYou€better€not€make€a€sound.ðð€€Ms.€Hammond€said€that€the€defendant€did€not€sexuallyÐ à%0!$ Ðassault€her€during€the€encounter,€but€he€was€ð ðsexually€abusive€in€the€language€that€he€used€.€.€.€it€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðvery€vulgar.ððÐ ¸'#& ÐÌà  àHeather€Cook€of€the€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€Clerkððs€office€testified€that,€on€JanuaryÐ )à$( Ð21,€1992,€the€defendant€was€convicted€of€the€robbery€of€Lillian€Hammond.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àTerri€Roberts,€the€daughter€of€Becky€Roberts,€testified€she€was€17€years€old€in€1978€whenÐ ° Ðher€mother€was€murdered.€€Ms.€Roberts€admitted€that€she€had€been€convicted€of€strong„armedÐ œì Ðrobbery€in€1981.€Ô#†X ùXXX ùÉ!#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔ€In€May€1978,€her€parents€lived€in€a€trailer€at€the€Showtown€Drive„In€in€Pearl,Ð ˆØ ÐMississippi,€where€her€mother€was€the€manager.€€Roberts€said€that,€when€talking€on€the€telephone,Ð tÄ Ðher€mother€always€sat€in€the€ð ðtanish„reddish€brownðð€recliner€which€she€kept€against€the€wallÐ `° Ðunderneath€the€telephone€in€the€living€room.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àErnest€Simmons€testified€that€on€May€4,€1978,€while€employed€by€the€Pearl,€Mississippi,Ð $ t ÐPolice€Department,€he€responded€to€a€call€at€the€Showtown€Drive„In.€€As€he€entered€the€front€doorÐ  ` Ðof€the€Robertsðð€trailer,€he€saw€Becky€Roberts€ð ðsitting€in€a€recliner,€facing€the€door€.€.€.€slumped€overÐ ü L  Ðin€a€recliner,€dead.ðð€€The€recliner€had€been€moved€approximately€nine€feet€away€from€the€wall€whereÐ è 8  Ðthe€telephone€was€located€and€had€been€placed€two€steps€from€the€front€door.€€Simmons€describedÐ Ô$  ÐMrs.€Robertsðð€injuries:Ð À  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àI€observed€what€appeared€to€be€two€gunshot€wounds€to€her€eye,Ð ˜è  Ðher€forehead,€some€knife€wounds€to€her€neck€and€upper€chest,€andÐ „Ô  Ðthatððs€all€I€could€see€because€clothing€covered€the€rest.€€SomeÐ pÀ Ðlacerations€on€her€arms,€lacerations€on€her€hands.€[]€[S]he€had€someÐ \¬ Ðfixed€bridge€work;€it€had€been€broken€out€from€the€force€of€a€blow.€Ð H˜ ÐAnd€thatððs€what€I€observed€when€I€saw€the€body€the€first€time.€Ð4„` x` x ÐÌà  àSimmons€said€a€bloody€hand€towel€and€glass€were€found€beside€a€sink€in€the€bathroom€ofÐ  \ Ðthe€trailer.€€Bloodstains€and€a€ð ðstainless€steel€Army€mess„kit€knifeðð€with€the€blade€ð ðbent€at€almostÐ øH Ða€90„degree€angleðð€were€found€on€the€bed€in€the€back€bedroom.€€Blood€smears€were€found€on€a€wallÐ ä4 Ðon€the€back€side€of€the€trailer,€and€a€bloody,€serrated„edge€steak€knife€was€found€in€the€hallway.Ð Ð  ÐSimmons€said€that€the€living€room,€ð ðwhere€the€victim€bled€until€she€couldnððt€bleed€any€more,ðð€hadÐ ¼  Ðthe€most€blood€of€all€the€rooms€in€the€trailer,€and€the€telephone€had€been€ð ðripped€out€of€the€wall.ððÐ ¨ø ÐTwo€.22„caliber€bullet€casings€were€recovered,€one€from€the€floor€in€front€of€the€victimððs€feet.€Ð ”ä ÐSimmons€explained€that€the€murder€weapon€was€a€.22„caliber€bolt„action€rifle,€which€requiredÐ €Ð Ðreloading€between€shots.€€Inside€the€concession€stand€of€the€drive„in,€officers€discovered€that€the€safeÐ l¼ Ðhad€been€ð ðrifled€throughðð€and€found€three€drops€of€blood€on€the€floor.€Ð X ¨ ÐÌà  àSimmons€testified€that€John€Roberts,€Becky€Robertsðð€husband,€gave€him€the€defendantððsÐ 0"€  Ðname€for€the€interview€list€because€the€defendant€had€worked€at€the€drive„in.€€When€the€officers€wentÐ #l! Ðto€the€defendantððs€home€to€interview€him€on€May€9,€1978,€they€ð ðnoticed€enough€evidence€to€ask€forÐ $X" Ðpermission€to€search;€and€upon€what€[they]€found€there,€an€arrest€was€made.ðð€€Simmons€explainedÐ ô$D # Ðthat€a€tennis€shoe€print€had€been€found€on€a€white€bedsheet€in€the€Robertsðð€bedroom,€as€well€as€twoÐ à%0!$ Ðred€buttons€on€the€bed€and€floor.€€While€talking€to€the€defendant,€who€was€a€juvenile,€and€JimmyÐ Ì&"% ÐOdom,€his€legal€guardian,€officers€noticed€a€pair€of€tennis€shoes€on€the€porch.€€Inspection€of€the€soleÐ ¸'#& Ðof€the€tennis€shoe€revealed€a€strong€similarity€to€the€shoe€print€found€on€the€bedsheet.€€After€JimmyÐ ¤(ô#' ÐOdom€consented€to€a€search,€officers€observed€a€red,€flowered„print€shirt€with€missing€buttonsÐ )à$( Ðhanging€on€a€clothesline.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àSimmons€testified€that€the€defendant,€after€being€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights,€gave€a€tape„Ð ° Ðrecorded€statement,€which€was€later€reduced€verbatim€to€writing,€at€approximately€6:00€p.m.€on€MayÐ œì Ð9,€1978.€€Simmons€then€recited€the€defendantððs€statement€wherein€the€defendant€admitted€he€hadÐ ˆØ Ðgone€to€the€Showtown€Drive„In€to€ð ðsee€about€a€jobðð€and€because€Mrs.€Roberts€owed€him€money.€TheÐ tÄ Ðdefendant€said€he€and€Mrs.€Roberts€argued€and€Mrs.€Roberts€tried€to€hit€him€with€a€clay€flower€pot,Ð `° Ðbut€he€took€it€away€from€her€and€hit€her€in€the€face€with€it.€€They€continued€fighting€in€the€backÐ L œ Ðbedroom,€and€the€defendant€stabbed€her€with€a€knife.€€The€defendant€forced€Mrs.€Roberts€to€openÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€safe€inside€the€concession€stand,€and€then€the€two€returned€to€the€trailer€where€the€defendant€heldÐ $ t Ða€gun€on€her.€€When€Mrs.€Roberts€pleaded€with€the€defendant€not€to€kill€her,€he€told€her,€ð ðShut€up,Ð  ` ÐIððm€trying€to€think.ðð€€The€defendant€said€Mrs.€Roberts€grabbed€the€barrel€of€the€gun€and€it€dischargedÐ ü L  Ðaccidentally.€€He€shot€her€a€second€time€because€he€was€scared€and€ð ðwanted€to€make€sure€she€wasÐ è 8  Ðdeadðð€because€she€knew€him.€€He€then€took€approximately€$255€from€the€safe€and€two€guns€and€fledÐ Ô$  Ðð ðthrough€the€swampðð€because€it€was€the€shortest€route€to€his€house.€€He€threw€the€ð ðmetalðð€gun€intoÐ À  Ðthe€swamp€and€hid€the€other€gun€and€some€of€the€money€in€a€car€parked€near€his€house.€€TheÐ ¬ü  Ðdefendant€said€he€ð ðbought€some€dopeðð€with€the€money.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€told€the€officers€that€ð ðRodney€Reed€and€some€old€gray„headed€manðð€wereÐ pÀ Ðinvolved€in€the€murder.€€However,€Simmons€was€able€to€verify€that€Reed€was€at€a€doctorððsÐ \¬ Ðappointment€at€the€time€of€the€murder.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àSimmons€said€he€had€been€unaware€of€the€defendantððs€background€but€later€discovered€thatÐ  p Ðhe€had€been€institutionalized€at€the€Columbia€Training€School.€€However,€he€said€the€defendantÐ  \ Ðseemed€ð ðlike€a€nice,€normal€person€.€.€.€very€street„wise.ðð€€He€described€the€defendantððs€demeanorÐ øH Ðat€the€time€of€his€statement€as€ð ðvery€calm€.€.€.€kind€of€like€a€deliberate€thinking€of€what€he€wantedÐ ä4 Ðto€say,€but€he€had€an€extraordinary€calmness€about€him.ðð€€Simmons€said€the€defendant€neverÐ Ð  Ðexpressed€any€remorse.€€During€subsequent€interviews,€the€defendant€contradicted€his€originalÐ ¼  Ðstatement€by€implicating€only€himself€in€the€murder.€€Simmons€said€the€defendant€was€convicted€ofÐ ¨ø Ðthe€murder€of€Becky€Roberts€in€Rankin€County,€Mississippi.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àDr.€George€M.€Sturgis€testified€that€he€performed€the€autopsy€on€Becky€Roberts.€€HeÐ l¼ Ðdescribed€the€two€gunshot€wounds€inflicted€upon€Mrs.€Roberts:Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àShe€had€one€gunshot€wound€to€the€left€eye,€destroyed€the€leftÐ 0"€  Ðeye,€penetrated€through€the€bony€orbit€of€the€eye€on€the€left,€crossedÐ #l! Ðthe€midline,€fracturing€the€sphenoid€bone,€lacerated€the€optic€chiasma,Ð $X" Ðwhich€is€where€the€two€optic€nerves€cross€at€the€base€of€the€brain,€andÐ ô$D # Ðpenetrated€through€the€left€cerebral€hemisphere,€exited€.€.€.€the€rightÐ à%0!$ Ðcerebral€hemisphere€and€exited€through€the€right€side€of€the€brain.€€SoÐ Ì&"% Ðit€entered€the€left,€exited€the€right.и'#&` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€.Ð)à$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " à[The€second€gunshot]€entered€the€right€forehead,€just€below€theÐ ° Ðâ âhairline,€penetrated€the€bony€calvarium€(phonetic)€and€the€rightÐ œì Ðfrontal€bone,€entered€the€right€frontal€lobe€of€the€brain,€crossed€theÐ ˆØ Ðmidline,€lacerating€the€corpus€callosum,€and€penetrated€through€theÐ tÄ Ðleft€cerebellar€hemisphere€posteriorly.€€The€missile€bounced€off€theÐ `° Ðinside€of€the€occipital€skull€and€lodged€itself€in€the€left€cerebellarÐ L œ Ðhemisphere.Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌMrs.€Roberts€also€had€a€critical€stab€wound€to€the€chest€which€penetrated€her€left€lung€to€a€depth€ofÐ  ` Ðapproximately€one€centimeter.€€Dr.€Sturgis€determined€that€Mrs.€Roberts€was€still€alive€when€theÐ ü L  Ðgunshot€wounds€and€stab€wound€were€inflicted€on€her.€€In€addition€to€these€wounds,€Mrs.€RobertsÐ è 8  Ðalso€had€a€ð ðlaceration€that€began€in€the€.€.€.€left€lateral€neck€and€extended€across€the€midline€to€theÐ Ô$  Ðright,ðð€several€minor€stab€wounds€on€the€anterior€chest,€a€laceration€on€the€lower€right€lip,€andÐ À  Ðbruises€on€her€neck€suggesting€that€she€may€have€been€strangled.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€Dr.€Sturgis€said€he€was€unable€to€determine€at€what€distance€theÐ „Ô  Ðgun€was€fired,€but€the€gunshot€wound€to€Mrs.€Robertsðð€forehead€was€at€short€range.€€From€theÐ pÀ Ðtrajectory€of€the€bullets€that€entered€her€brain,€Dr.€Sturgis€was€able€to€determine€that€the€gun€wasÐ \¬ Ðfired€from€different€angles.€€One€small€caliber€bullet€was€lodged€in€Mrs.€Robertsðð€brain.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àMary€Jane€Lemon,€an€assistant€district€attorney€general€in€Rankin€County,€Mississippi,€Ð  p Ðtestified€that€she€was€the€prosecutor€in€the€defendantððs€July€1998€retrial€for€the€murder€of€BeckyÐ  \ ÐRoberts.€€The€jury€again€convicted€the€defendant€of€murder.€€During€the€course€of€the€case,€neitherÐ øH Ðthe€trial€court,€defense€counsel,€nor€the€State€requested€that€the€defendant€undergo€mental€evaluation.Ð ä4 ÐLemon€said€the€defendant€never€displayed€any€signs€of€mental€illness€or€psychosis€during€his€retrial.€Ð Ð  ÐÌò òÓ  ÓB.€€Defendantððs€ProofÐ ¨ø ÐÌÓ  Óó óà  àGlori€Shettles€Johnson,€a€private€investigator€whose€work€mostly€involved€capital€cases€forÐ €Ð Ðdefense€attorneys,€testified€that€she€obtained€personal€records€and€a€social€history€of€the€defendantððsÐ l¼ Ðchildhood.€€Her€research€established€that€the€defendantððs€biological€parents,€Richard€Norman€SmithÐ X ¨ Ðand€Nellie€Ruth€Holley€Henry,€married€in€1958€when€Mr.€Smith€was€18€years€old€and€Ms.€Henry€wasÐ D!” Ð15.€€The€defendant€was€born€in€Mississippi€on€August€13,€1960,€and€was€named€Richard€LloydÐ 0"€  ÐSmith.€€He€had€an€older€sister,€born€in€1959,€and€a€younger€sister,€born€in€1962.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€lived€with€his€parents€until€they€abandoned€him€at€the€age€of€two€and€a€half.Ð ô$D # ÐThe€defendant€never€saw€his€mother€again€and€did€not€see€his€father€again€except€for€a€briefÐ à%0!$ Ðencounter€when€he€was€13.€€The€defendantððs€father€reported€that€he€drank€heavily€as€a€young€manÐ Ì&"% Ðand€was€often€away€from€home.€€He€said€that€the€defendantððs€mother€was€young,€did€not€want€theÐ ¸'#& Ðchildren,€and€did€not€care€for€them€properly.€€The€defendantððs€parents€often€fought€and€left€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðchildren€at€a€day€care€center€in€Jackson,€Mississippi,€ð ðfor€days€at€a€time.ðð€€Shirley€and€Jimmy€OdomÐ )à$( Ðlived€near€the€day€care€center€and€adopted€the€defendant€in€1963.€€Other€members€of€the€OdomÐ |*Ì%) Ðfamily€adopted€the€defendantððs€sisters.€€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àThe€Odoms€already€had€three€children€of€their€own,€Cindy,€Larry,€and€Jimmy,€when€theyÐ ° Ðadopted€the€defendant.€€The€defendantððs€adoptive€father€was€not€physically€abusive€but€was€ð ðveryÐ œì Ðsternðð€and€ð ðvery€loud.ðð€€By€the€time€the€defendant€was€five€years€old,€the€Odoms€had€divorced€andÐ ˆØ ÐMrs.€Odom€had€remarried.€€She€married€Marvin€Bruce,€and€they€had€three€children€of€their€own.€Ð tÄ ÐMr.€Bruce€was€ð ðmeanðð€and€ð ðcruel€to€the€children.ðð€€Mr.€Bruce€sexually€abused€the€defendant€andÐ `° ÐLarry€Odom€and€threatened€to€kill€them€and€their€mother€if€they€told€anyone€about€the€abuse.€Ð L œ ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€adoptive€grandmother€never€accepted€the€defendant€and€was€ð ðvery,€veryÐ $ t Ðphysically€abusiveðð€to€him.€€The€grandmother€once€whipped€the€defendant€ð ðso€much€that€her€son€hadÐ  ` Ðto€literally€pull€her€off€because€he€was€afraid€of€what€she€was€doing.ðð€€Many€reports€also€surfacedÐ ü L  Ðof€the€defendant€being€burned€with€cigarettes€on€his€feet,€but€Johnson€was€unable€to€verify€this€withÐ è 8  Ðmedical€documentation.€€Family€members€reported€that€the€defendant€was€always€hungry,€andÐ Ô$  ÐMarvin€Bruce€often€gave€the€defendant€his€food€after€deliberately€putting€hot€sauce€on€it€and€in€theÐ À  Ðdefendantððs€mouth.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€wet€his€bed€from€the€time€he€came€into€the€Odom€home€until€his€earlyÐ „Ô  Ðteens.€€Mr.€Bruce€berated€the€defendant€for€this,€saying,€ð ðWhy€are€you€doing€this,€why€canððt€youÐ pÀ Ðgrow€up,€why€canððt€you€be€a€man[?]ðð€€The€defendant€also€had€a€problem€with€sleepwalking€andÐ \¬ Ðonce,€while€sleepwalking,€urinated€in€Mr.€Bruceððs€car€and€in€the€refrigerator€on€more€than€oneÐ H˜ Ðoccasion.€Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€did€not€learn€he€was€adopted€until€he€was€about€12€years€old.€€He€beganÐ  \ Ðrunning€away€from€home€and€was€charged€with€larceny€in€the€juvenile€system€at€age€13.€€He€wasÐ øH Ðinstitutionalized€at€the€Columbia€Training€School€at€age€13€and€was€evaluated€by€a€psychologist,€Dr.Ð ä4 ÐCox,€who€described€the€defendant€as€ð ð[s]chizoidðð€and€opined€that€he€was€ð ðincorrigible€.€.€.€brainÐ Ð  Ðdamaged€.€.€.€not€fit€for€society€at€age€thirteen.ðð€€Two€years€later,€as€the€defendant€continued€to€haveÐ ¼  Ðproblems€in€the€juvenile€system,€Dr.€Cox€evaluated€him€again,€finding€that€he€ð ðcaused€a€lot€of€hisÐ ¨ø Ðown€problem[s]€and€that€he€would€probably€be€destined€for€a€life€of€institutionalization.ðð€€At€age€16,Ð ”ä Ðthe€defendant€was€placed€on€juvenile€parole€and€released€into€the€community.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àDuring€cross„examination,€Johnson€said€that€further€research€revealed€that€the€defendantððsÐ X ¨ Ðadoptive€brother,€Larry€Odom,€had€a€criminal€record€and€was€incarcerated€for€approximately€tenÐ D!” Ðyears.€€She€believed€that€the€defendantððs€other€adoptive€brother,€Jimmy€Odom,€had€a€juvenile€recordÐ 0"€  Ðbut€was€unable€to€verify€it.€€No€reports€of€any€of€the€Bruce€children€having€a€criminal€historyÐ #l! Ðsurfaced€during€Johnsonððs€investigation.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àWhile€imprisoned€in€Mississippi€for€his€conviction€for€the€murder€of€Becky€Roberts,€theÐ à%0!$ Ðdefendant€had€behaved€well€enough€to€be€transferred€from€Parchman€State€Penitentiary€to€the€SouthÐ Ì&"% ÐMississippi€Correctional€Center€in€Green€County€and€then€to€the€Simpson€County€Jail,€where€he€wasÐ ¸'#& Ða€trustee.€€Since€being€incarcerated€in€the€Tennessee€Department€of€Correction,€the€defendant€hadÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreceived€a€correspondence€paralegal€degree€from€the€Professional€Career€Development€Institute,Ð )à$( Ðscoring€100%€in€criminal€law€and€between€90€and€100%€in€each€of€the€other€legal€areas.€€TheÐ |*Ì%) Ðdefendant€also€had€received€good€reports€from€the€Department€of€Correction,€indicating€that€he€wasÐ h+¸&* Ðnot€having€difficulties€in€prison€and€had€been€able€to€conform€his€behavior€to€the€mandates€of€theÐ ° Ðprison.Ð œì ÐÌà  àDr.€Dennis€Earl€Schmidt,€a€neuropharmacologist€and€neurochemist€at€Vanderbilt€UniversityÐ tÄ ÐSchool€of€Medicine,€testified€that€he,€Dr.€Steven€Rossby,€and€Dr.€Benjamin€Johnson€performed€aÐ `° Ðspinal€tap€on€the€defendant€in€prison€during€the€summer€of€1999.€€Dr.€Johnson€actually€performedÐ L œ Ðthe€procedure,€withdrawing€six€one„milliliter€samples€of€fluid€from€the€defendantððs€spinal€canal.€€Dr.Ð 8 ˆ ÐSchmidt€carried€the€samples€to€his€laboratory€at€Vanderbilt€for€analysis.€€Each€sample€ofÐ $ t Ðcerebrospinal€fluid€was€analyzed€in€triplicate€using€a€technique€called€ð ðhigh„performance€liquidÐ  ` Ðchromatography,ðð€which€utilizes€a€machine€to€separate€and€quantitate€the€amount€of€the€differentÐ ü L  Ðcomponents€of€the€fluid.€€The€results€of€the€analysis€revealed€that€the€defendant€had€very€low€levelsÐ è 8  Ðof€serotonin€in€his€brain,€less€than€half€of€normal€levels.€€Dr.€Schmidt€provided€the€results€of€hisÐ Ô$  Ðanalysis€in€writing€to€Dr.€Rossby.Ð À  ÐÌà  àDr.€Steven€Paul€Rossby,€a€molecular€neurobiologist€and€a€professor€at€Vanderbilt€UniversityÐ ˜è  ÐSchool€of€Medicine,€testified€that€he€statistically€analyzed€Dr.€Schmidtððs€results€and€concluded€thatÐ „Ô  Ðthe€defendantððs€serotonin€function€was€ð ðseverely,€extremely€abnormal€.€.€.€the€lowest€level€weððveÐ pÀ Ðever€seen€in€our€lab.ðð€€Dr.€Rossby€explained€that€brain€chemistry€research€performed€on€inmates€inÐ \¬ ÐFinland€and€Sweden€showed€a€very€strong€link€between€low€serotonin€and€impulsive€behavior,Ð H˜ Ðincluding€unrestrained€aggression,€violence,€and€rage.€€However,€the€research€did€not€indicate€thatÐ 4„ Ðlow€serotonin€makes€a€person€aggressive€but€did€indicate€low€self„control.€€The€impulses€releasedÐ  p Ðby€the€low€self„control€depends€on€individual€factors,€such€as€heredity€and€early€childhoodÐ  \ Ðexperiences.€€Dr.€Rossby€opined€that€if€a€person€has€a€low€serotonin€level,€ð ðany€kind€of€excitatoryÐ øH Ðstimulus€or€trigger€or€occurrence€would€not€be€as€controlled€as€a€normal€person.€€The€capacity€toÐ ä4 Ðcontrol€these€impulsive€behaviors€is€diminished€by€low€serotonin.ððÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àDr.€Rossby€testified€that€the€defendantððs€control€of€anger€could€ð ðrapidly€be€lost,ðð€triggeringÐ ¨ø Ðrage€which€could€ð ðrapidly€escalate€into€full„blown€rage,ðð€as€a€result€of€his€serotonin€level.€€WhenÐ ”ä Ðquestioned€about€the€victim€using€the€word€ð ðsonðð€when€the€defendant€attacked€her,€Dr.€RossbyÐ €Ð Ðrelated:Ð l¼ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€use€of€the€word€ð ðson,ðð€.€.€.€in€my€expert€opinion,€could€haveÐ D!” Ðserved€as€trigger€to€release€the€rage€that€he€felt€toward€his€mother€orÐ 0"€  Ðmother€figures€or€any€women€who€were€in€his€life€in€a€motherÐ #l! Ðcapacity€who€didnððt€protect€him€or€who€rejected€him.€€The€wordÐ $X" Ðð ðsonðð€could€function€as€a€trigger€to€cause€an€ensemble€of€neurons€toÐ ô$D # Ðfire,€resulting€in€a€rage€reaction€which€is€not€effectively€opposed€byÐ à%0!$ Ðhis€serotonin€levels€and€essentially€is€discontrolled.ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àBut€Iððm€not€saying€thatððs€what€happened.€€Iððm€saying€that,€basedÐ ¤(ô#' Ðon€what€Iððve€read€and€based€on€the€scientific€evidence,€.€.€.€that€couldÐ )à$( Ðexplain€ð!ð€biologically€could€explain€how€it€escalated€to€the€point€thatÐ |*Ì%) Ðit€did.€€And€I€also€feel€that€the€humiliating€position€that€he€placed€[theÐ h+¸&* Ðvictim]€in€is€also€an€expression€of€rage.€€And€in€reading€his€lifeÐ ° Ðhistory€and€learning€that€he€was€abandoned€around€two€years€old€andÐ œì Ðthen€the€succession€of€circumstances€in€his€life,€I€think€itððs€quiteÐ ˆØ Ðplausible€that€his€control€mechanisms€did€not€develop€normally.€€ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Dr.€Rossby€admitted€that€he€was€a€doctor€of€philosophy,€not€a€medicalÐ L œ Ðdoctor,€and€that€he€was€being€paid€$150€per€hour€for€his€time€in€court€and€$100€per€hour€for€his€timeÐ 8 ˆ Ðout€of€court.€€He€conceded€that€no€studies€exist€to€support€that€low€serotonin€causes€violent€behavior,Ð $ t Ðand€could€not€say€that€the€defendantððs€low€serotonin€caused€him€to€murder€Becky€Roberts€or€rapeÐ  ` Ðand€murder€the€victim.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àIn€rebuttal,€the€State€presented€Dr.€John€Robert€Hutson,€a€clinical€psychologist,€who€alsoÐ Ô$  Ðtestified€regarding€serotonin:Ð À  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àYou€canððt€say€that€serotonin€causes€anything.€.€.€.€€There€seemsÐ ˜è  Ðto€be€a€relationship€between€serotonin€ð!ð€and€we€donððt€even€know€veryÐ „Ô  Ðmuch€about,€as€I€understand€it,€what€levels€and€what€emotional€states,Ð pÀ Ðlet€alone,€anything€about€what€behaviors.€€But€what€that€relationshipÐ \¬ Ðis,€whether€it€is€a€causal€one,€thatððs€ð!ð€I€donððt€know€anyone€that€knowsÐ H˜ Ðthat€at€this€point.Ð4„` x` x ÐÌDr.€Hutson€said€he€was€not€aware€of€any€literature€indicating€a€causal€effect€between€serotonin€andÐ  \ Ðviolent€behavior,€obesity,€depression,€or€suicide€attempts.€€On€cross„examination,€Dr.€HutsonÐ øH Ðadmitted€that€this€was€the€first€time€he€had€testified€specifically€on€the€subject€of€serotonin.Ð ä4 Ðò òó óÔ#†X ùXXX ùTn#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÌòòóóà  àAt€the€close€of€the€proof,€the€jury€was€instructed€on€the€following€statutory€aggravatingÐ ¼  Ðcircumstance:Ð ¨ø ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€defendant€was€previously€convicted€of€one€(1)€or€more€felonies,Ð €Ð Ðother€than€the€present€charge,€the€statutory€elements€of€which€involveÐ l¼ Ðthe€use€of€violence€to€the€person.€€The€state€is€relying€upon€the€crimesÐ X ¨ Ðof€Murder€and€Robbery,€which€are€felonies€involving€the€use€ofÐ D!” Ðviolence€to€the€person.Ð0"€ ` x` x ÐÌòòSee€generallyóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(i)(2)€(Supp.€1990).€€The€jury€was€also€instructed€thatÐ $X" Ðit€should€consider€any€mitigating€circumstances€supported€by€the€proof.€€The€trial€court€instructed,Ð ô$D # Ðbut€did€not€limit,€the€jury€as€to€all€mitigating€circumstances€delineated€in€section€39„13„204(j)(1)„(9).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àAfter€deliberations,€the€jury€found€that€the€State€had€proven€the€aggravating€circumstanceÐ ¸'#& Ð(i)(2)€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€and€that€the€aggravating€circumstance€outweighed€the€mitigatingÐ ¤(ô#' Ðcircumstances€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€In€accordance€with€their€verdict,€the€jury€sentenced€theÐ )à$( Ðdefendant€to€death€for€the€murder€of€Mina€Ethel€Johnson.òòÐ |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* ЇÓ  Óò òòòóóANALYSISòòóóó óÐ ° ÐÓÎËÓÌà@    ìàò òóóI.€€Failure€of€Indictment€to€Allege€Capital€OffenseˆÐ ˆØ ÐÔ#†X ùXXX ù Æ#ÔÑ€Oa ÑÑ8€ ùXdìXXdì8ÑòòóóÌà  àó óThe€defendant€asserts€that,€ð ðpursuant€to€òòApprendi€v.€New€Jerseyóó,€530€U.S.€466,€120€S.€Ct.Ð `° Ð2348,€147€L.€Ed.€2d€435€(2000),€the€indictment€against€him€did€not€charge€a€capital€offense€and€thatÐ L œ Ðhe€cannot,€therefore,€be€sentenced€to€more€than€life€imprisonment.ðð€€He€grounds€his€argument€on€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðpremise€that€first€degree€murder€is€not€a€capital€offense€unless€aggravating€circumstances€are€allegedÐ $ t Ðin€the€indictment,€and€the€indictment€upon€which€he€was€tried€did€not€so€allege.€òòóóThus,€by€hisÐ  ` Ðargument,€the€State€then€was€precluded€from€filing€a€Rule€12.3(b),€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÐ ü L  ÐProcedure,€notice€of€intent€to€seek€the€death€penalty€because€this€rule€provides€that€such€notice€mayÐ è 8  Ðbe€filed€only€ð ð[w]here€a€capital€offense€is€charged€in€the€indictment€or€presentment.ððÐ Ô$  ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„202(b)€provides€that€ð ð[a]€person€convicted€of€firstÐ ¬ü  Ðdegree€murder€shall€be€punished€by€death€or€by€imprisonment€for€life.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„Ð ˜è  Ð202(b)€(Supp.€1990).€€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€Rule€12.3(b)€establishes€the€procedureÐ „Ô  Ðfor€the€Stateððs€seeking€a€sentence€of€death:€Ð pÀ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " à(b)€Notice€in€Capital€Cases.€ð!ð€Where€a€capital€offense€isÐ H˜ Ðcharged€in€the€indictment€or€presentment€and€the€district€attorneyÐ 4„ Ðintends€to€ask€for€the€death€penalty,€written€notice€thereof€shall€beÐ  p Ðfiled€not€less€than€thirty€(30)€days€prior€to€trial.€€If€the€notice€is€filedÐ  \ Ðlater€than€this€time,€the€trial€judge€shall€grant€the€defendant€upon€hisÐ øH Ðmotion€a€reasonable€continuance€of€the€trial.€€The€notice€shall€specifyÐ ä4 Ðthat€the€State€intends€to€seek€the€death€penalty€and€the€notice€shallÐ Ð  Ðspecify€those€aggravating€circumstances€the€State€intends€to€rely€uponÐ ¼  Ðat€a€sentence€hearing.€€Specification€may€be€complied€with€by€aÐ ¨ø Ðreference€to€the€citation€of€the€circumstance.Дä` x` x ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„204(a)€provides€for€a€separate€sentencing€hearingÐ l¼ Ðin€a€capital€prosecution:Ð X ¨ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àUpon€a€trial€for€first€degree€murder,€should€the€jury€find€theÐ 0"€  Ðdefendant€guilty€of€first€degree€murder,€it€shall€not€fix€punishment€asÐ #l! Ðpart€of€the€verdict,€but€the€jury€shall€fix€the€punishment€in€a€separateÐ $X" Ðsentencing€hearing€to€determine€whether€the€defendant€shall€beÐ ô$D # Ðsentenced€to€death€or€life€imprisonment.€€The€separate€sentencingÐ à%0!$ Ðhearing€shall€be€conducted€as€soon€as€practicable€before€the€same€juryÐ Ì&"% Ðthat€determined€guilt,€subject€to€the€provisions€of€subsection€(k)Ð ¸'#& Ðrelating€to€certain€retrials€on€punishment.Ф(ô#'` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„204(a)€(Supp.€1990).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Їà  àWe€will€now€review€the€holding€in€òòApprendióó,€upon€which€the€defendant€relies€for€thisÐ ° Ðassignment.€€Apprendi€was€convicted,€on€a€plea€of€guilty,€of€using€a€firearm€for€an€unlawful€purpose,Ð œì Ða€second€degree€offense€under€New€Jersey€law€that€carried€a€sentence€range€of€five€to€ten€years€inÐ ˆØ Ðprison.€€There€was€evidence,€although€disputed€by€Apprendi,€that€his€offense,€shooting€into€the€homeÐ tÄ Ðof€an€African„American€family,€was€racially€motivated.€New€Jersey€had€a€separate€ð ðhate€crimeððÐ `° Ðstatute€that€increased€the€punishment€for€a€second€degree€offense€to€a€prison€term€of€ten€to€twentyÐ L œ Ðyears€if€the€judge€found,€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence,€that€the€defendant€committed€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðunderlying€offense€with€a€purpose€to€intimidate€an€individual€or€group€because€of€race,€color,€gender,Ð $ t Ðhandicap,€religion,€sexual€orientation,€or€ethnicity.€€Apprendi€was€not€charged€under€the€hate€crimeÐ  ` Ðlaw,€and,€though€pleading€guilty€to€the€underlying€offense,€he€objected€to€the€sentence€enhancementÐ ü L  Ðunder€that€law.€€The€judge€rejected€the€challenge,€applied€the€sentence€enhancement,€and€sentencedÐ è 8  ÐApprendi€to€twelve€years.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€the€Supreme€Court€concluded€that€the€fact€that€the€underlying€offense€wasÐ ¬ü  Ðcommitted€with€a€purpose€to€intimidate€an€individual€or€group€because€of€race,€color,€gender,Ð ˜è  Ðhandicap,€religion,€sexual€orientation,€or€ethnicity,€was€a€necessary€element€for€increasing€theÐ „Ô  Ðpunishment.€€òòApprendióó,€530€U.S.€at€501,€120€S.€Ct.€at€2369,€147€L.€Ed.€2d€at€462.€€Specifically,€theÐ pÀ ÐSupreme€Court€held:Ð \¬ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àOther€than€the€fact€of€a€prior€conviction,€any€fact€that€increases€theÐ 4„ Ðpenalty€for€a€crime€òòbeyond€the€prescribed€statutory€maximumóó€mustÐ  p Ðbe€submitted€to€a€jury,€and€proved€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€WithÐ  \ Ðthat€exception,€we€endorse€the€statement€of€the€rule€set€forth€in€theÐ øH Ðconcurring€opinions€in€[òòJones€v.€United€Statesóó,€526€U.S.€227,€119€S.Ð ä4 ÐCt.€1215€(1999)]:€€ð ðIt€is€unconstitutional€for€a€legislature€to€removeÐ Ð  Ðfrom€the€jury€the€assessment€of€facts€that€increase€the€prescribedÐ ¼  Ðrange€of€penalties€to€which€a€criminal€defendant€is€exposed.€€It€isÐ ¨ø Ðequally€clear€that€such€facts€must€be€established€by€proof€beyond€aÐ ”ä Ðreasonable€doubt.ðð€€526€U.S.€at€252„53€(opinion€of€Stevens,€J.);€òòseeÐ €Ð Ðalsoóó€526€U.S.€at€253€(opinion€of€Scalia,€J.).Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌòòId.óó€at€490,€120€S.€Ct.€at€2362„63,€147€L.€Ed.€2d€at€455€(emphasis€added)€(footnote€omitted).Ð D!” ÐÌà  àSubsequent€to€the€oral€arguments€in€the€instant€appeal,€our€supreme€court€resolved€theÐ #l! Ðquestion€of€whether€the€òòApprendióó€holding€is€applicable€to€Tennesseeððs€capital€sentencing€procedure.Ð $X" ÐIn€òòState€v.€Dellingeróó,€79€S.W.3d€458,€466„67€(Tenn.€2002),€òòpetition€for€cert.€filedóó€(U.S.€Sept.€9,Ð ô$D # Ð2002)€(No.€02„6354),€the€court€explained€why€òòApprendióó€is€not€applicable€to€a€capital€case:Ð à%0!$ ÐÌÓ6°,XƒXŒ –X°,XƒX" ¸ —X6Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð à1.à Œ àÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔThe€òòApprendióó€holding€applies€to€enhancement€factors€other€thanÐ ¸'#& Ðprior€convictions.€Ô#†X ùXXX ùè#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔà h àФ(ô#'` x` x ÐòòóóÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à2.à Œ àÔ#†X ùXXX ùÂè#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔThe€death€penalty€is€within€the€statutory€range€of€punishmentÐ |*Ì%) Ðò òó óprescribed€by€the€legislature€for€first€degree€murder.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ h+¸&* ÐAnn.€ðð€39„13„202(c)(1).€The€òòApprendióó€holding€applies€only€toÐ ° Ðenhancement€factors€used€to€impose€a€sentence€above€the€statutoryÐ œì Ðmaximum.€€òòApprendióó,€530€U.S.€at€481.Ô#†X ùXXX ùdé#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔЈØ` x` x Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð à3.à Œ àÔ#†X ùXXX ù/ë#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔDistrict€attorneys€in€Tennessee€are€required€to€notify€capitalÐ `° Ðdefendants€no€less€than€thirty€days€before€trial€of€the€intent€to€seek€theÐ L œ Ðdeath€penalty€and€must€specify€the€aggravating€circumstances€uponÐ 8 ˆ Ðwhich€the€State€intends€to€rely€during€sentencing.€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.Ð $ t Ð12.3(b).€Rule€12.3(b)€ò òó ótherefore€satisfies€the€requirements€of€dueÐ  ` Ðprocess€and€notice.Ô#†X ùXXX ùáë#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÐü L ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à4.à Œ àÔ#†X ùXXX ùóí#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔTennessee's€capital€sentencing€procedure€requires€that€a€jury€makeÐ Ô$  Ðfindings€regarding€the€statutory€aggravating€circumstances.€€Tenn.Ð À  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€€39„13„204(f)(1),€(i).€€The€òòApprendióó€holding€applies€onlyÐ ¬ü  Ðto€sentencing€procedures€under€which€judges€sentence€the€defendants.€Ð ˜è  ÐòòApprendióó,€530€U.S.€at€476.׃h×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†X ùXXX ùƒî#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÐ„Ô ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à5.à Œ àÔ#†X ùXXX ù£ð#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔTennessee's€capital€sentencing€procedure€requires€that€the€juryÐ \¬ Ðfind€any€statutory€aggravating€circumstance€beyond€a€reasonableÐ H˜ Ðdoubt.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€€39„13„204(f)(1),€(i).€The€TennesseeÐ 4„ Ðstatutes€therefore€comply€with€the€"beyond€a€reasonable€doubt"Ð  p Ðstandard€required€by€òòApprendióó.€€òòApprendióó,€530€U.S.€at€476.Ô#†X ùXXX ù3ñ#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÐ \` x` x ÐÌòòà  àóóApplying€the€holding€in€òòDellingeróó,€we€conclude€that€this€assignment€is€without€merit.Ð ä4 Ðò òÌà@ìàII.€€Denial€of€Continuance€to€Complete€Psychiatric€and€Neuropsychological€TestingˆÐ ¼  ÐÌà  àó óOn€appeal,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€his€motions€seeking€aÐ ”ä Ðcontinuance€of€the€September€27,€1999,€setting€for€the€resentencing€hearing:Ð €Ð ÐÌÓ6°,XƒX" –X°,XƒXŒ –X6Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThe€refusal€of€the€court€to€grant€a€continuance€in€order€to€allowÐ X ¨ Ðthe€defense€adequate€time€for€preparation€for€trial€was€an€abuse€ofÐ D!” Ðdiscretion€and€resulted€in€the€denial€of€the€defendantððs€constitutionalÐ 0"€  Ðright€to€due€process€and€assistance€of€counsel.€United€StatesÐ ° ÐConstitution,€Amendments€VI,€and€XIV;€Tennessee€Constitution,€Art.Ð œì ÐI,€ðððð€8,€9€and€17.ò òЈØ` x` x ÐÌà  àó óAdditionally,€the€defendant€argues€in€his€reply€brief€that€ð ðthe€inability€of€the€defense€to€beÐ `° Ðready€as€anticipated€was€due,€in€part,€to€a€delay€by€the€State€in€approving€additional€funds€toÐ L œ Ðcomplete€the€Defendantððs€mitigation€investigation€and€the€psychological€and€psychiatricÐ 8 ˆ Ðexaminations.ððò òÐ $ t ÐÌà  àó óIn€view€of€the€nature€and€substance€of€this€assignment,€we€will€set€out€in€full€the€trial€courtððsÐ ü L  ÐOctober€12,€1999,€ð ðOrder€on€òòEx€Parte€óóMatters€and€Denial€of€Motion€for€Continuanceðð€which€detailsÐ è 8  Ðthe€complicated€and€lengthy€chronology€of€this€matter,€as€well€as€the€courtððs€reasons€for€the€denial:Ð Ô$  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThis€cause€came€on€to€be€heard€on€the€various€òòex€parteóó€motionsÐ ¬ü  Ðfiled€by€defendant,€and€the€record€as€a€whole,Иè ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àFROM€ALL€OF€WHICH€THE€COURT€FINDS€that€defendantððsÐ pÀ Ðcase€was€remanded€back€to€this€Court€for€resentencing€after€theÐ \¬ ÐStateððs€petition€to€rehear€was€denied€October,€1996,€and€was€set€forÐ H˜ Ðresentencing€on€January€27,€1997,€by€agreement€of€all€parties.€€OnÐ 4„ ÐDecember€20,€1996,€this€Court€granted€a€continuance€at€the€requestÐ  p Ðof€the€state,€the€defendantððs€attorneys,€and€the€defendant,€acting€òòproÐ  \ Ðseóó,€and€because€a€conflict€of€interest€had€arisen€between€defendantÐ øH Ðand€the€Office€of€the€Public€Defender.€€The€circumstances€of€thisÐ ä4 Ðconflict€are€set€out€in€this€Courtððs€order€entered€June€4,€1997,Ð Ð  Ðcontinuing€the€resentencing€hearing,€relieving€his€former€attorneys€ofÐ ¼  Ðrepresentation€and€appointing€his€present€attorneys,€Robert€BrooksÐ ¨ø Ðand€Ed€Chandler.€€Not€set€out€in€that€order,€as€the€matter€was€heardÐ ”ä Ðòòex€parteóó,€was€the€request€of€defendantððs€assistant€public€defendersÐ €Ð Ðthat€they€needed€a€continuance€because€they€had€not€had€time€to€findÐ l¼ Ðan€expert€who€would€testify€in€mitigation€concerning€the€defendantððsÐ X ¨ Ðmental€condition.€€Filed€in€the€original€court€jacket€of€this€case€is€aÐ D!” Ðreport€by€the€Mississippi€State€Hospital€of€the€results€of€theirÐ 0"€  Ðevaluation€of€defendant€in€1978€that€ð ðIt€was€the€unanimous€opinionÐ #l! Ðof€the€professional€staff€of€the€forensic€unit€that€Mr.€Odom€wasÐ $X" Ðwithout€psychosis,€responsible€and€competent€to€stand€trial[.]ðð€.€.€.€Dr.Ð ô$D # ÐJohn€Hutson€had€also€been€privately€hired€by€the€Public€DefenderððsÐ à%0!$ ÐOffice€to€examine€the€defendant€for€purposes€of€mitigation€in€hisÐ Ì&"% Ðoriginal€trial,€and€although€this€Court€has€not€been€made€privy€to€theÐ ¸'#& Ðreport€of€his€examination,€he€did€testify€in€defendantððs€firstÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsentencing€hearing€that€he€examined€the€defendant€May€19th,€1991,Ð )à$( ÐMay€31,€1991,€December€30,€1991,€April€10,€1992,€and€duringÐ |*Ì%) Ðdefendantððs€original€trial.€€Although€the€trial€judge€in€that€first€trialÐ h+¸&* Ðcommitted€reversible€error€in€not€allowing€Dr.€Hutson€to€testify€toÐ ° Ðdefendantððs€social€history,€the€defense€never€attempted€to€ask€himÐ œì Ðabout€any€mental€problems€he€might€have€found€in€his€examinationÐ ˆØ Ðof€the€defendant.€€He€read€from€his€findings€from€his€examination€onÐ tÄ Ðcross„examination,€however,€thatÐ`°` x` x ÐÌÓ- °,X›X°,XƒX" –X-Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà8¸ ` x` xàIn€regards€to€his€sanity€at€the€time€of€his€allegedÐ 8 ˆ Ðoffense€Mr.€Odom€has€never€been€diagnosed€with€anyÐ $ t Ðsignificant€psychiatric€disorder,€such€as€would€beÐ  ` Ðlikely€to€impair€his€ability€to€appreciate€theÐ ü L  Ðwrongfulness€of€his€actions,€or€to€impair€his€ability€toÐ è 8  Ðconform€his€behavior€to€the€requirements€of€the€law.€Ð Ô$  ÐHe€likely€can€be€diagnosed€as€a€personality€disorder,Ð À  Ðbut€that€is€not€particularly€relevant€to€his€defense.€Ð ¬ü  ÐFurthermore,€his€description€of€his€behavior€just€priorÐ ˜è  Ðto€and€at€the€time€of€his€alleged€actions€on€or€about€10Ð „Ô  ÐMay,€1991,€although€indicative€of€some€desperationÐ pÀ Ðwith€regard€to€finding€food€and€shelter,€does€notÐ \¬ Ðindicate€any€significant€impairment€of€his€abilities.ÐH˜¸ ¸  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð à.€.€.€He€had€also€indicated€in€his€evaluation€and€report€that€thereÐ  p Ðð ðappears€to€be€a€paucity€of€mitigating€circumstances.ðð€€On€remand,Ð  \ Ðdefendantððs€resentencing€attorneys€therefore€asked€this€Court€inÐ øH Ðchambers€to€grant€them€funds€to€hire€another€expert,€which€this€CourtÐ ä4 Ðstated€would€be€granted€when€the€expert€was€chosen,€and€a€properÐ Ð  Ðmotion€and€affidavit€were€filed.€€This€expert€had€not€been€found€byÐ ¼  Ðthe€December€20,€1996,€motion€hearing,€and€was€an€additional€reasonÐ ¨ø Ðthis€Court€granted€the€continuance€of€the€January€27,€1997Ð ”ä Ðresentencing€hearing,€as€the€defense€needed€additional€time.ЀÐ` x` x ÐÌÓ-°,XƒX" –X°,X›X-Óà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àAfter€new€attorneys€were€appointed€in€the€above„mentionedÐ X ¨ ÐJune€4,€1997€order,€defendant€filed€on€August€1,€1997,€a€ð ðMotion€toÐ D!” ÐSet€Resentencing,ðð€suggesting€a€resentencing€date€of€December€1997Ð 0"€  Ðor€January€1998,€to€give€the€attorneys€several€months€to€ð ðconductÐ #l! Ðsuch€further€investigation€as€is€necessary€and€to€adequately€prepareÐ $X" Ðfor€the€defendantððs€resentencing€proceeding,ðð€which€was€granted.€Ð ô$D # ÐDue€to€the€failure€of€the€defendant€to€return€from€the€State€ofÐ à%0!$ ÐMississippi€because€of€repeated€resets€of€his€murder€retrial€in€thatÐ Ì&"% Ðstate,€this€Court€was€compelled€to€reset€defendantððs€Tennessee€retrial,Ð ¸'#& Ðand€set€a€status€report€date€of€November€3,€1997,€and€then€FebruaryÐ ¤(ô#' Ð6,€1998.Ð)à$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àIn€January€and€February€of€1998,€defendant€filed€òòex€parteóóÐ ° Ðâ âmotions€for€a€mitigation€specialist,€a€psychologist,€a€ð ðjury€selectionÐ œì Ðand€trial€consultant,ðð€and€a€research€assistant€for€a€motion€for€changeÐ ˆØ Ðof€venue.€€This€Court€granted€the€motion€as€to€the€mitigationÐ tÄ Ðspecialist,€Gloria€Shettles,€and€entered€a€written€order€to€that€effectÐ `° ÐJune€29,€1998.€€The€motion€for€the€jury€consultant/research€assistantÐ L œ Ðwas€denied,€as€there€was€no€showing€of€particularized€need.€€òòState€v.Ð 8 ˆ ÐBlackóó,€815€S.W.2d€166,€179„80€(Tenn.€1991).€€This€Court€also€feltÐ $ t Ðthere€would€be€no€problem€with€pretrial€publicity.€€In€the€pretrial€juryÐ  ` Ðquestionnaire€and€individual€voir€dire€on€pretrial€publicityÐ ü L  Ðadministered€at€the€resentencing€hearing,€only€one€juror,€a€televisionÐ è 8  Ðnews€reporter,€was€exposed€to€any€prejudicial€pretrial€publicity,€andÐ Ô$  Ðshe€was€excused€for€cause.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThe€motion€for€a€psychologist€stated€that€ð ðCounsel€has€recentlyÐ ˜è  Ðlearned€of€possible€indications€in€the€defendantððs€behavior€of€anÐ „Ô  Ðintermittent€explosive€disorderðð€due€to€a€prison€guardððs€tellingÐ pÀ Ðcounsel€that€the€defendant€had€a€violent€temper.€€It€was€alsoÐ \¬ Ðsupported€by€an€affidavit€from€Dr.€John€Hutson,€defendantððs€originalÐ H˜ Ðpsychologist,€who€referenced€the€1978€Mississippi€exam€and€his€ownÐ 4„ Ðexam€of€defendant€in€1991,€and€stated€he€felt€a€new€exam€wasÐ  p Ðwarranted,€as€7€years€had€passed€since€the€original€trial.€€He€did€not,Ð  \ Ðhowever,€note€any€finding€at€any€time€of€any€new€mental€problemsÐ øH Ðpossessed€by€the€defendant.€€This€Court€told€defendantððs€attorneys€theÐ ä4 Ðmotion€would€be€granted€once€a€psychologist€was€chosen€and€theÐ Ð  Ðproper€motion€and€affidavits€were€filed.€€Between€further€status€datesÐ ¼  Ðof€February€27,€1998,€March€26,€1998,€May€29,€1998,€and€August€28,Ð ¨ø Ð1998,€this€Court€received€nothing€from€defendant€requesting€anyÐ ”ä Ðfunds€for€any€mental€health€experts€or€examinations.€€Defendant€wasÐ €Ð Ðagain€convicted€of€the€1978€murder€in€Mississippi€in€July€of€1998.€Ð l¼ ÐThis€Court,€on€August€28,€1998,€set€an€additional€status€report€dateÐ X ¨ Ðfor€November€30,€1998,€giving€defendant€an€additional€four€monthsÐ D!” Ðto€complete€any€investigation€necessitated€by€the€Mississippi€murderÐ 0"€  Ðretrial€and€conviction,€which€the€state€was€using€as€an€aggravatingÐ #l! Ðcircumstance.€€During€this€additional€four€month€delay€nothing€wasÐ $X" Ðheard€from€defendantððs€attorneys€òòex€parteóó€regarding€funds€for€aÐ ô$D # Ðpsychologist.€€On€November€30,€1998€the€resentencing€hearing€wasÐ à%0!$ Ðthen€set€for€retrial€May€10,€1999,€by€agreement€of€all€parties,€givingÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€more€than€5€additional€months€to€complete€any€neededÐ ¸'#& Ðmitigation€investigation.€€Motions€were€heard€February€26,€1999,€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthis€Court€allowed€òòex€parteóó€funds€that€same€day€for€copies€ofÐ )à$( Ðpleadings€from€two€other€capital€cases€recently€tried.€€No€mentionÐ |*Ì%) Ðwas€made€during€these€discussions€of€a€need€for€a€psychologist,€andÐ h+¸&* Ðthis€Court€assumed€that€since€10€months€had€passed€since€the€òòex€parteóóÐ ° Ðrequest€for€a€psychologist,€the€defense€was€not€going€to€proceed€withÐ œì Ða€mental€defense,€given€the€lack€of€any€support€for€one€in€theÐ ˆØ Ðpleadings€and€record€before€this€Court.ÐtÄ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àOn€March€2,€1999,€a€ð ðMotion€for€Continuance€of€Jury€Trial€SetÐ L œ ÐMay€10,€1999,ðð€was€filed€by€the€defendant.€€An€additional€ð ðMotionÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€Continue€Motion€Hearing€and€Jury€Trialðð€was€filed€March€25,Ð $ t Ð1999,€by€the€defendant.€€At€the€hearing€on€these€two€motions€forÐ  ` Ðcontinuance,€defendantððs€attorneys€revealed€in€open€court€that€theirÐ ü L  Ðmitigation€expert,€Gloria€Shettles,€for€which€this€Court€had€allowedÐ è 8  Ðfunds€òòex€parteóó,€had€not€completed€the€mitigation€investigation,€andÐ Ô$  Ðthat€the€attorneys€had€just€recently€discovered€this€fact,€and€could€notÐ À  Ðbe€ready€for€trial€May€10th.€€The€State,€understandably€aggrieved,Ð ¬ü  Ðobjected€to€the€continuance€and€asked€this€Court€to€order€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant€to€reveal€the€nature€of€the€mitigation€proof€so€that€the€StateÐ „Ô  Ðwould€not€be€handicapped€in€opposing€the€motions€for€continuance.€Ð pÀ ÐThis€Court€denied€this€request,€granting€over€the€Stateððs€strenuousÐ \¬ Ðobjection€the€motions€to€continue,€resetting€the€resentencing€hearingÐ H˜ Ðfor€September€27,€1999,€to€give€the€defense€more€than€five€additionalÐ 4„ Ðmonths€to€prepare.Ð p` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àAfter€the€continuance€was€granted,€another€òòex€parteóó€motion€forÐ øH Ða€psychiatrist€was€filed€April€23,€1999,€requesting€Dr.€Kenner,€aÐ ä4 ÐNashville€expert,€and€a€supplemental€motion€requested€a€spinal€tap€ofÐ Ð  Ðthe€defendant€and€a€serotonin€study€by€Dr.€Rossby,€also€fromÐ ¼  ÐNashville.€€These€were€both€granted€in€orders€entered€by€this€CourtÐ ¨ø Ðon€April€27,€1999,€approved€by€Chief€Justice€Riley€Anderson,€andÐ ”ä Ðreturned€to€this€Court€June€15,€1999.€€Also€approved€were€additionalÐ €Ð Ðfunds€for€Gloria€Shettles.€€Other€motions€were€filed€and€heard€MayÐ l¼ Ð28,€1999.€€This€Court€also€approved€in€òòex€parteóó€hearings€a€spinal€tapÐ X ¨ Ðof€the€defendant€on€July€15,€1999,€an€Order€for€Jail€Records€onÐ D!” ÐAugust€6,€1999,€funds€for€a€transcript€of€the€Mississippi€trial€onÐ 0"€  ÐAugust€30,€1999,€and€funds€for€a€glucose€tolerance€test€on€SeptemberÐ #l! Ð16,€1999.Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àOn€August€10,€1999,€another€motion€for€continuance€was€filedÐ à%0!$ Ðby€the€defendant,€stating€that€a€mitigation€witness€(later€found€to€beÐ Ì&"% ÐGloria€Shettles)€had€a€conflict€with€the€September€27th€date.€€InÐ ¸'#& Ðdiscussing€a€hearing€date€on€the€motion€in€court€with€Mr.€Brooks,€heÐ ¤(ô#' Ðinformed€me€that€only€a€one€week€continuance€would€be€requested,Ð )à$( Ðand€I€asked€him€to€get€with€Mr.€Harris€(one€of€the€prosecutors)€andÐ |*Ì%) Ðagree€on€a€date€to€hear€the€motion€as€soon€as€possible.€€This€motionÐ h+¸&* Ðwas€then€withdrawn€by€defendant€off€the€record,€during€aÐ ° Ðconversation€between€Mr.€Brooks€and€Mr.€Harris,€in€which€Mr.Ð œì ÐBrooks€told€Mr.€Harris€to€inform€me€that€the€motion€would€beÐ ˆØ Ðwithdrawn€and€would€not€need€a€hearing€date,€as€the€witness€conflictÐ tÄ Ðhad€been€resolved.€€This€Court€was€so€informed,€and€this€motion€isÐ `° Ðhereby€shown€withdrawn.€€No€mention€was€ever€made€at€any€timeÐ L œ Ðduring€these€discussions€that€the€defense€might€not€otherwise€beÐ 8 ˆ Ðready€for€trial.Ð$ t` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àMr.€Brooks€next€came€to€see€me€in€chambers€on€September€14,Ð ü L  Ð1999,€less€than€two€weeks€before€trial€date,€with€an€òòex€parteóó€writtenÐ è 8  Ðrequest€for€expert€services€to€be€performed€beginning€November€1,Ð Ô$  Ð1999,€which€stated€that€ð ðDr.€Kenner€has€requested€that€a€neuro„Ð À  Ðpsychological€evaluation€of€the€defendant€be€performed€by€Dr.Ð ¬ü  ÐPamela€Auble€.€.€.€in€order€that€he€may€complete€his€evaluation.ðð€Ð ˜è  ÐThis€request€was€being€made€almost€five€months€after€the€order€wasÐ „Ô  Ðentered€for€funds€for€Dr.€Kenner,€and€three€months€after€receipt€ofÐ pÀ Ðthose€approved€orders€from€the€Supreme€Court.€€I€denied€that€request,Ð \¬ Ðstating€that€there€could€be€no€specialized€need€for€services€performedÐ H˜ ÐNovember€1st,€as€that€would€be€after€the€resentencing€hearing,€whichÐ 4„ Ðwas€to€begin€September€27th.€€Defendant€then€filed€another€MotionÐ  p Ðfor€Continuance€on€September€16,€1999,€which€was€heard€that€sameÐ  \ Ðday,€and€denied.€€This€Court€finds€that€defendantððs€attorneys€haveÐ øH Ðbeen€given€more€than€enough€time€to€prepare€a€mitigation€defense.€Ð ä4 ÐAlthough€the€delay€of€the€resentencing€from€the€first€setting€ofÐ Ð  ÐJanuary€27,€1997,€was€in€part€caused€by€the€defendantððs€being€inÐ ¼  ÐMississippi,€there€is€absolutely€no€excuse€for€the€mitigationÐ ¨ø Ðinvestigation€not€to€have€been€completed€during€this€period€of€time,Ð ”ä Ðprior€to€November€30,€1998.€€The€defendant€had€different€attorneysÐ €Ð Ðappointed€to€represent€him€in€Mississippi,€and€that€trial€in€no€wayÐ l¼ Ðprevented€his€present€attorneys€from€their€trial€preparation€of€hisÐ X ¨ ÐTennessee€resentencing€hearing.€€After€defendantððs€conviction€inÐ D!” ÐMississippi€in€July,€1998,€he€was€returned€to€Tennessee,€and€had€anÐ 0"€  Ðadditional€4€months€to€prepare€for€his€status€report€date€of€NovemberÐ #l! Ð30,€1998.€€After€November€30th,€he€was€granted€an€additional€5Ð $X" Ðmonths€to€prepare€before€his€resentencing€hearing,€set€May€10,€1999.€Ð ô$D # ÐBecause€this€Court€felt€constitutionally€compelled€to€grant€yet€anotherÐ à%0!$ Ðcontinuance€of€the€May€10€resentencing€hearing,€as€the€attorneysÐ Ì&"% Ðadmitted€on€the€record€their€mitigation€investigation€was€still€notÐ ¸'#& Ðcomplete,€this€Court€gave€them€an€additional€5€months€from€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðgranting€of€the€continuance€until€the€new€date€of€September€27,€1999.€Ð )à$( ÐThis€period€of€time€is€much€more€than€sufficient€to€have€prepared€anyÐ |*Ì%) Ðmitigation€defense,€no€matter€how€involved,€intricate€or€complex.Ðh+¸&*` x` x Їà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThis€Court€also€considered€the€nature€of€the€expert€servicesÐ ° Ðrequested,€a€neuro„psychological€exam,€and€felt€that€defendant€couldÐ œì Ðhave€those€services€performed€prior€to€September€27th€by€someoneÐ ˆØ Ðelse.€€The€day€after€the€September€16th€motion€for€continuance€wasÐ tÄ Ðdenied,€this€Court€in€fact€entered€an€òòex€parteóó€order€at€the€request€ofÐ `° Ðthe€defense€authorizing€the€neuro„psychological€evaluation,€to€beÐ L œ Ðperformed€immediately€by€a€Dr.€Alison€Kirk€in€Nashville.Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àOn€September€22,€1999,€the€defendant€filed€yet€another€motionÐ  ` Ðto€continue,€òòex€parteóó,€which€stated€that€after€Dr.€Kirk€talked€to€Dr.Ð ü L  ÐKenner,€she€changed€her€mind€about€performing€the€evaluation.€€ThisÐ è 8  Ðmotion€was€supported€by€an€affidavit€from€Dr.€Kenner€that€stated€thatÐ Ô$  Ðunless€this€evaluation€were€done€(presumably€by€Dr.€Auble)€he€couldÐ À  Ðnot€in€good€conscience€continue€his€work€on€defendantððs€case.€€ThisÐ ¬ü  Ðmotion€was€argued€in€open€court,€as€this€Court€cannot€hear€motionsÐ ˜è  Ðto€continue€òòex€parteóó,€with€the€State€being€present,€but€not€beingÐ „Ô  Ðallowed€to€see€the€motion.€€This€Court€denied€that€motion,€for€theÐ pÀ Ðreasons€stated€on€the€record€at€the€time,€stating€also€that€the€CourtÐ \¬ Ðwould€enter€this€order€additionally€setting€out€òòex€parteóó€reasons.€€ThereÐ H˜ Ðis€still€nothing€on€the€record€that€would€support€any€mental€illness€orÐ 4„ Ðdefect€possessed€by€the€defendant€which€could€be€used€in€mitigation,Ð  p Ðand€the€nature€of€the€additional€services€requested,€for€which€theÐ  \ Ðcontinuance€was€sought,€are€merely€exploratory€in€nature.€€AlthoughÐ øH Ðthe€defense€desires€that€these€services€be€performed,€a€showing€ofÐ ä4 Ðparticularized€need€for€funds€for€these€services€has€not€been€shown,Ð Ð  Ðand€they€are€not€so€material€to€mitigation€that€ð ðthe€failure€to€grant€aÐ ¼  Ðcontinuance€denied€defendant€a€fair€trial€or€that€it€could€be€reasonablyÐ ¨ø Ðconcluded€that€a€different€result€would€have€followed€had€theÐ ”ä Ðcontinuance€been€granted.ðð€€òòState€v.€Hinesóó,€919€S.W.2d€573,€579Ð €Ð Ð(Tenn.€1995).Ðl¼` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àOn€September€23rd,€1999,€another€òòex€parteóó€motion€was€filed,Ð D!” Ðseeking€this€Court€to€authorize€additional€funds€for€Dr.€Kenner€toÐ 0"€  Ðtravel€to€Memphis€to€testify,€supported€by€an€affidavit€from€Dr.Ð #l! ÐKenner€signed€September€21st,€which€shows€2ðð€hours€ofÐ $X" Ðexamination€of€the€defendant€and€7ðð€hours€review€of€records,€and€aÐ ô$D # Ðbill€for€$2,000.€€He€asked€for€an€additional€$10,000€limit€to€travel€toÐ à%0!$ ÐMemphis€and€testify,€although€stating€no€conclusions€that€he€foundÐ Ì&"% Ðanything€concerning€the€defendantððs€mental€state€the€defendant€couldÐ ¸'#& Ðuse€in€mitigation.€€This€Court,€in€deference€to€the€right€of€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdefendant€to€put€on€mitigation,€authorized€the€funds.Ð)à$(` x` x Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àOn€the€day€of€trial,€the€defense€informed€this€Court€in€openÐ ° Ðâ âcourt€that€Dr.€Kenner€was€refusing€to€come€to€Memphis€to€testify,Ð œì Ðbecause€this€Court€would€not€allow€a€continuance€so€that€Dr.€AubleÐ ˆØ Ðcould€perform€additional€tests.€€This€Court,€feeling€that€it€should€notÐ tÄ Ðallow€the€Criminal€Justice€System€to€be€held€hostage€by€aÐ `° Ðpsychiatrist,€offered€to€compel€the€attendance€of€Dr.€Kenner,€whichÐ L œ Ðoffer€was€declined€by€the€defense,€presumably€because€Dr.€KennerÐ 8 ˆ Ðwould€have€had€nothing€to€offer.€€The€òòex€parteóó€order€previouslyÐ $ t Ðentered€on€April€27,€1999,€authorizing€funds€for€Dr.€Kenner€isÐ  ` Ðtherefore€rescinded,€and€it€is€hereby€ordered€that€Dr.€Kenner€not€beÐ ü L  Ðreimbursed€by€the€Administrative€Office€of€the€Courts€for€anyÐ è 8  Ðservices€performed€by€him€in€connection€with€this€case,€due€to€hisÐ Ô$  Ðwillful€refusal€to€testify€in€defendantððs€resentencing€hearing.ÐÀ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àThis€Court€has€done€everything€in€its€power€to€allow€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendant€to€produce€every€bit€of€proof€he€could€muster€in€hisÐ „Ô  Ðresentencing,€allowing€many€continuances€over€a€period€of€two€yearsÐ pÀ Ðand€eight€months€from€the€first€resentencing€hearing€set€January€27,Ð \¬ Ð1997,€and€has€allowed€funds€for€numerous€experts€wheneverÐ H˜ Ðrequested.€€The€defendant€had€a€fair€trial€and€presented€an€effective,Ð 4„ Ðalthough€not€victorious,€defense.€€To€have€permitted€yet€anotherÐ  p Ðcontinuance€to€allow€the€defendant€to€conduct€last€minute€exploratoryÐ  \ Ðexaminations,€for€which€no€basis€had€been€shown€in€the€record,€at€theÐ øH Ðlast€minute€whim€of€a€petulant€expert€witness,€would€have€been€inÐ ä4 Ðthis€Courtððs€opinion€extremely€improper,€and€would€be€a€gross€abuseÐ Ð  Ðof€the€judicial€process.м ` x` x ÐÌà  àWe€now€will€consider€the€defendantððs€claim€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€byÐ ”ä Ðdenying€the€motion€to€continue€the€resentencing€hearing€from€September€27,€1999.Ð €Ð Ðò òÌà  àó óÔ#†X ùXXX ù ó#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔThe€decision€to€grant€or€deny€a€request€for€a€trial€continuance€rests€within€the€sole€discretionÐ X ¨ Ðof€the€trial€court.€€òòState€v.€Mannóó,€959€S.W.2d€503,€524€(Tenn.€1997)€(citing€òòState€v.€Morganóó,€825Ð D!” ÐS.W.2d€113,€117€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991)).€We€will€reverse€the€trial€court's€denial€of€a€continuanceÐ 0"€  Ðonly€upon€a€showing€that€the€denial€was€an€abuse€of€discretion,€and€the€defendant€was€prejudicedÐ #l! Ðby€the€denial,€in€that€there€is€a€reasonable€probability€that,€had€the€continuance€been€granted,€theÐ $X" Ðresult€of€the€proceeding€would€have€been€different.€€òòId.óó€(citing€ò òó ó€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2d€250,€257Ð ô$D # Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990));€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,€261€(Tenn.€1994).Ô#†X ùXXX ù­T#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùԀРà%0!$ ÐÌà  àOn€appeal,€this€issue€is€presented€with€the€defendantððs€claim€that€the€trial€court,€by€denyingÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€motions€for€continuance,€did€not€allow€him€time€ð ðto€complete€psychiatric€and€neuropsychologicalÐ ¤(ô#' Ðâ âtesting.ðð€€The€matter€of€such€additional€testing€appears€first€to€have€been€presented€to€the€trial€courtÐ )à$( Ðin€the€defendantððs€ð ðEx€Parte€Sealed€Motion€for€Psychologistððòòóó€filed€in€January€1998,׃"×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€to€which€wasÐ ° Ðâ âattached€a€January€27,€1998,€affidavit€of€clinical€psychologist€Dr.€John€Hutson,€which€suggested€thatÐ œì Ðfurther€testing€was€appropriate€because€the€defendantððs€last€psychological€evaluation€was€in€1991Ð ˆØ Ðand€his€last€neurological€examination,€as€best€could€be€determined,€was€in€1978:Ð tÄ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àI€originally€examined€the€defendant,€Richard€Odom[,]€in€midÐ L œ Ð1991,€in€connection€with€this€case;Ð8 ˆ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àAt€the€request€of€his€present€counsel€I€have€reviewed€my€file€onÐ  ` Ðhim€and€it€is€my€professional€opinion€that€a€further€psychologicalÐ ü L  Ðevaluation€of€Richard€Odom€would€be€prudent€at€this€time€because€ofÐ è 8  Ðthe€age€of€the€prior€evaluation,€new€information€which€has€developed,Ð Ô$  Ðand€the€limited€scope€of€the€prior€evaluation.€€I€believe€a€thoroughÐ À  Ðnew€evaluation€is€necessary€in€order€for€Odomððs€psychological€profileÐ ¬ü  Ðto€be€fully€developed€and€considered€for€mitigation€purposes.€€TheÐ ˜è  Ðlast€evaluation€is€nearly€seven€years€old€and€further€psychological€andÐ „Ô  Ðlegal€developments€have€taken€place€in€the€interim€that€should€beÐ pÀ Ðconsidered€by€the€sentencing€jury;Ð\¬` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àA€further€neurological€exam€is€also€indicated.€The€only€previousÐ 4„ Ðexam€which€we€could€find€was€conducted€in€1978€and€not€for€theÐ  p Ðpurpose€of€this€case.€€Like€the€psychological€evaluation,€theÐ  \ Ðneurological€examination€also€was€less€comprehensive€than€would€beÐ øH Ðindicated€and€expected€for€a€case€such€as€this.€€In€my€professionalÐ ä4 Ðopinion,€a€current€and€in„depth€neurological€examination€is€necessaryÐ Ð  Ðto€fully€explore€any€possible€neurological€factors€that€should€be€takenÐ ¼  Ðinto€consideration€by€the€sentencing€jury.Шø` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€motion€to€retain€a€psychologist€concluded€with€the€request€that:Ð €Ð ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àthe€Court€authorize€the€defendant€to€retain€the€services€of€clinicalÐ X ¨ Ðpsychologist€John€Hutson€to€update€and€expand€his€previousÐ D!” Ðpsychological€evaluation€and€the€previous€neurological€evaluation€ofÐ 0"€  Ðthe€defendant,€and€prays€that€this€motion,€any€order€entered€thereon,Ð #l! Ðand€the€record€of€any€hearing€be€sealed.Ð$X"` x` x ÐÌà  àAccording€to€the€trial€courtððs€order€of€November€10,€1999,€reciting€the€chronology€of€thisÐ à%0!$ Ðmatter,€counsel€who€represented€the€defendant€at€the€resentencing€hearing€had€been€appointed€onÐ Ì&"% ÐNovember€30,€1998;€and€the€hearing€itself€was€set€for€May€10,€1999.€€However,€on€March€2,€AprilÐ ¸'#& Ð16,€and€May€10,€1999,€defense€counsel€filed€motions€to€continue€the€resentencing€hearing,€the€latterÐ ¤(ô#' Ðof€these€motions€stating€that€ð ð[c]onsidering€the€time€necessary€to€complete€his€preparations€for€saidÐ )à$( Ðhearing€and€the€schedules€of€the€lawyers€and€witnesses€involved[,]€the€time€period€most€propitiousÐ ° Ðfor€scheduling€the€hearing€is€the€second€half€of€August,€1999.ðð€€Over€the€spirited€objection€of€theÐ œì ÐState,€the€resentencing€hearing€subsequently€was€reset€until€September€27,€1999.€€Ô#†X ùXXX ù)X#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÐ ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€defense€had€filed€an€òòex€parteóó€motion€on€April€23,€1999,€with€a€request€identical€as€to€thatÐ `° Ðfor€Dr.€Hutson,€but€this€time€requesting€that€psychiatrist€William€D.€Kenner,€M.D.,€be€employed€ð ðtoÐ L œ Ðupdate€and€expand€his€previous€psychological€evaluation€and€the€previous€neurological€evaluationÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€the€defendant.ðð€That€same€day,€defense€counsel€filed€an€additional€òòex€parteóó€motion€to€retain€S.Ð $ t ÐPaul€Rossby,€Ph.D.,€who,€according€to€the€motion,€ð ðstrongly€recommends€that€the€defendant€beÐ  ` Ðevaluated€for€serotonin€function€to€determine€whether€his€capacity€to€control€his€impulsive/violentÐ ü L  Ðbehavior€is€organically€impaired.ðð€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àIn€sealed€orders€entered€on€April€27,€1999,€the€trial€court€authorized€that€the€defendant€beÐ À  Ðexamined€and€evaluated€by€Drs.€Kenner€and€Rossby.€€In€a€related€òòex€parteóó€order€entered€on€July€15,Ð ¬ü  Ð1999,€the€trial€court€ordered€that€the€State€transport€the€defendant€on€July€25,€1999,€to€the€RiverbendÐ ˜è  ÐMaximum€Security€Institution€infirmary€for€a€spinal€tap€to€obtain€samples€of€his€cerebrospinal€fluid€Ð „Ô  Ðfor€serotonin€level€analysis.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€then€filed€an€òòex€parteóó€motion€on€September€14,€1999,€stating€that€Dr.Ð H˜ ÐKenner€was€ð ðcurrently€in€the€process€of€evaluating€the€defendant€in€preparation€for€his€sentencingÐ 4„ Ðhearingðð€and€had€ð ðrequested€that€a€neuro„psychological€evaluation€of€the€defendant€be€performedÐ  p Ðby€Dr.€Pamela€Auble€.€.€.€in€order€that€he€may€complete€his€evaluation.ðð€€The€motion€stated€furtherÐ  \ Ðthat€ð ðDr.€Auble€has€agreed€to€perform€said€evaluation€and€is€scheduled€to€do€so€on€November€1,Ð øH Ð1999,€her€first€available€date.ðð€€Additionally,€the€motion€advised€that,€at€the€request€of€Dr.€Rossby,Ð ä4 Ðwho€also€was€ð ðcurrently€in€the€process€of€evaluating€the€defendant€in€preparation€for€his€sentencingÐ Ð  Ðhearing,ðð€a€glucose€tolerance€test€would€be€performed€on€the€defendant.€€By€sealed€order€entered€onÐ ¼  ÐSeptember€16,€1999,€the€trial€court€authorized€payment€for€this€test€and€transportation€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant€to€the€Nashville€Memorial€Hospital€so€that€it€would€be€done€ð ðon€a€mutually€convenientÐ ”ä Ðtime€and€date.ðð€€€Another€sealed€order€was€entered€the€next€day€authorizing€a€neuropsychologicalÐ €Ð Ðevaluation€by€Dr.€Alison€Kirk.€Ð l¼ ÐÌà  àOn€September€16,€1999,€the€trial€court€had€a€hearing€on€the€defendantððs€motion€to€continueÐ D!” Ðthe€resentencing€hearing.€€The€State€strenuously€objected€to€a€resetting,€reciting€arrangements€madeÐ 0"€  Ðby€certain€of€its€witnesses€to€be€present€on€the€date€scheduled€for€the€hearing,€including€one€returningÐ #l! Ðfrom€a€sailing€trip€in€the€Atlantic€Ocean€and€three€witnesses€coming€from€Mississippi.€€Additionally,Ð $X" Ðthe€State€advised€the€court€that€the€State€had€expended€$1200€for€the€May€setting€for€jurors€to€comeÐ ô$D # Ðearly€and€complete€juror€questionnaires,€and€had€expended€an€additional€sum€for€questionnaires€forÐ à%0!$ Ðthe€September€27€setting.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€hearing,€the€trial€court€denied€the€continuanceÐ Ì&"% Ðmotion.€Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà  àOn€September€22,€1999,€defense€counsel€filed€an€òòex€parte€óóaffidavit€in€support€of€the€motionÐ )à$( Ðfor€continuance€of€the€resentencing€hearing€from€its€September€27,€1999,€setting.€€The€affidavitÐ |*Ì%) Ðrecited€that€ð ð[s]ubsequent€to€the€denial€of€the€defendantððs€motion€for€a€continuance€to€allow€him€toÐ h+¸&* Ðobtain€the€services€of€Dr.€Pamela€Auble,ðð€counsel€ð ðattempted€to€locate€someone€who€was€able€toÐ ° Ðperform€the€evaluation€prior€to€the€date€set€for€sentencing,€September€21,€1999€[sic].ðð€€The€affidavitÐ œì Ðstated€further€that€ð ð[t]he€only€board€certified€neuro„psychologist€counsel€could€locate€who€wasÐ ˆØ Ðavailable€was€Dr.€Alison€Y.€Kirk.€€Dr.€Kirk,€however,€has€no€forensic€experience€and€is€unwillingÐ tÄ Ðto€testify€in€court.ðð€Thus,€according€to€counselððs€affidavit,€Dr.€Kirk€concluded€that€ð ðit€would€beÐ `° Ðprofessionally€inappropriate€for€her€to€conduct€the€neuro„psychological€evaluation€in€the€case.ðð€Ð L œ ÐAttached€to€the€affidavit€of€counsel€was€a€copy€of€a€September€21,€1999,€affidavit€of€Dr.€Kenner,Ð 8 ˆ Ðwhich€stated€in€part:Ð $ t ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àIn€Mr.€Odemððs€[sic]€case,€I€performed€a€psychiatric€evaluation€onÐ ü L  ÐSeptember€17,€1999.€€As€a€result€of€that€examination,€I€haveÐ è 8  Ðrecommended€that€Mr.€Odem€[sic]€have€a€neuropsychologicalÐ Ô$  Ðevaluation.€€Those€neuropsychologist[s]€in€the€mid„state€area€whoÐ À  Ðhave€forensic€experience€were€unable€to€schedule€the€examination€inÐ ¬ü  Ðtime€to€be€finished€for€the€trial€that€starts€on€Monday,€September€27òòthóó.€Ð ˜è  ÐMy€understanding€is€that€the€neuropsychologists€in€the€western€partÐ „Ô  Ðof€the€state€are€similarly€busy.ÐpÀ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àIn€my€professional€opinion,€that€neuropsychologicalÐ H˜ Ðexamination€is€required€in€order€to€adequately€prepare€my€testimonyÐ 4„ Ðin€this€case.€€For€me€to€go€ahead€and€testify€without€thatÐ  p Ðneuropsychological€examination€would€mean€that€my€work€in€Mr.Ð  \ ÐOdemððs€€[sic]€case€would€fall€below€the€standard€of€care€in€theÐ øH Ðcommunity€for€a€forensic€examination€in€a€capital€case.€€I€cannot€inÐ ä4 Ðgood€conscience€continue€my€work€in€Mr.€Odemððs€[sic]€case.€€SinceÐ Ð  ÐI€will€be€unable€to€complete€my€work€in€the€case,€I€will€not€bill€theÐ ¼  ÐState€for€the€ten€hours€of€my€time€invested€to€date.Шø` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àIn€my€professional€opinion,€to€adequately€defend€Mr.€OdemÐ €Ð Ð[sic],€his€defense€team€will€require€both€psychiatric€andÐ l¼ Ðneuropsychological€testimony.€€€ÐX ¨` x` x ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€held€a€hearing€on€the€continuance€motion€on€September€22,€1999,€the€sameÐ 0"€  Ðday€that€it€was€filed.€€The€State€again€strongly€opposed€the€continuance€motion,€advising€the€courtÐ #l! Ðof€the€efforts€already€made€by€its€witnesses€to€be€present€at€the€resentencing€hearing.€€The€trial€courtÐ $X" Ðdenied€the€continuance€motion.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel€then€filed€an€òòex€parte€óómotion€on€September€23,€1999,€reciting€that€the€trialÐ Ì&"% Ðcourt€previously€had€authorized€payment€of€$5000€to€Dr.€Kenner€and€stating€that€ð ðDr.€Kenner€hasÐ ¸'#& Ðadvised€counsel€for€the€defendant€that€he€will€require€up€to€an€additional€$10,000.00€for€hisÐ ¤(ô#' Ðtestimony€at€the€defendantððs€sentencing€hearing.ðð€€Attached€to€that€motion€was€an€affidavit€of€Dr.Ð )à$( ÐKenner,€dated€September€21,€1999,€as€had€been€his€affidavit€attached€to€the€continuance€motion€filedÐ |*Ì%) ÐSeptember€22,€1999,€and€stating€as€follows:Ð h+¸&* ÐÑOaÑâ âѰ°Ñâ âÑ  ÑÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àBeing€duly€sworn,€William€D.€Kenner,€M.D.€deposes€asÐ œì Ðfollows:ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àIn€the€above€styled€case,€I€have€been€asked€to€examine€theÐ `° Ðdefendant,€Richard€Odom.€If,€after€a€review€of€the€records€andÐ L œ Ðneuropsychological€evaluation,€I€find€mitigating€factors;€then€I€willÐ 8 ˆ Ðbe€asked€to€testify€in€his€resenting€[sic]€hearing€in€Memphis.€€At€thisÐ $ t Ðpoint,€I€have€been€approved€for€five€thousand€dollars€through€the€trialÐ  ` Ðcourt€and€the€AOC.€€€I€have€spend€[sic]€ten€hours€in€the€case€(my€billÐ ü L  Ðto€date€is€included)€and€I€anticipate€that€considerably€more€time€willÐ è 8  Ðbe€needed€through€trial.€€Before€trial€I€anticipate€re„reviewing€the€fileÐ Ô$  Ðand€calling€significant€witnesses€who€were€mentioned€in€theÐ À  Ðmitigation€material.€€I€may€re„interview€the€defendant€and€talk€withÐ ¬ü  Ðhis€family.€€In€complex€cases€such€as€this,€consultation€with€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefense€attorneys€often€takes€considerable€time.€€Travel€time€betweenÐ „Ô  ÐNashville€and€Memphis€adds€to€my€time.€€Another€factor€that€arisesÐ pÀ Ðfrom€the€distance€involves€the€economic€use€of€time.€€In€cases€withinÐ \¬ Ðdriving€time€from€Nashville,€I€can€wait€for€a€telephone€call€from€theÐ H˜ Ðcourt€to€leave€my€office.€€In€that€way,€my€time€spent€waiting€isÐ 4„ Ðminimal.€€In€distant€cases,€I€need€a€nightððs€rest€before€I€make€theÐ  p Ðjourney.€€As€a€result,€I€have€at€times€been€left€waiting€for€hours€toÐ  \ Ðdays€before€I€could€testify€and€return€home.ÐøH` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àFor€the€above€reasons,€I€have€asked€that€the€trial€court€approveÐ Ð  Ðadditional€funds€to€finish€this€case.€€In€order€to€be€safe,€I€have€askedÐ ¼  Ðfor€an€additional€ten€thousand€dollars.€€I€am€certain€that€my€bill€willÐ ¨ø Ðnot€be€that€much€but€I€would€prefer€to€be€safe€rather€than€sorry.Дä` x` x ÐÌà  àà ` àà " àà  àà h àà À àà  àWILLIAM€D.€KENNER,€M.D.Ð l¼ ÐÌThe€trial€court€entered€an€order€on€that€same€day€approving€the€additional€expenditure€requested€byÐ D!” ÐDr.€Kenner€in€his€affidavit.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àOn€September€27,€1999,€the€morning€that€jury€selection€was€to€begin€for€the€resentencingÐ $X" Ðhearing,€the€defense€made€an€oral€motion€to€continue€the€matter,€stating€as€follows:Ð ô$D # ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àAs€we€indicated€to€you€ð!ð€I€believe€it€was€an€ex€parteÐ Ì&"% Ðcommunication,€but€Iððm€not€sure.€€I€know€Mr.€Brooks€has€notified€theÐ ¸'#& Ðcourt€that€last€week,€much€to€our€shock€and€surprise,€one€of€our€keyÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwitnesses,€Dr.€Kenner,€a€child€psychiatrist€in€Nashville€that€we€hadÐ )à$( Ðemployed,€and€had€ex€parte€order€awarding€him€monies,€called€me€onÐ |*Ì%) ÐWednesday,€I€believe€it€was,€about€8:00€oððclock€in€the€morning€ð!ðÐ h+¸&* Ð8:30€ð!ð€and€said€he€was€not€coming.€€This€was€a€bombshell€to€usÐ ° Ðbecause€if€youððll€notice€from€my€notice€of€intent€to€mental€condition,Ð œì Ðheððs€one€half€of€our€defense.ЈØ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àNow,€let€me€try€to€explain€that.€€For€mitigation,€weððre€going€toÐ `° Ðcall€a€Dr.€Rossby,€with€regard€to€the€spinal€tap€and€the€brainÐ L œ Ðchemistry,€which€I€think€is€sufficient€to€mitigate€this€case.€€But€weÐ 8 ˆ Ðhad€a€double€blow€ð!ð€kind€of€like€a€shotgun€ð!ð€we€had€two€shots.€€TheÐ $ t Ðother€half€was€Dr.€Kenner.€€Now,€let€me€explain€to€Your€Honor€whatÐ  ` Ðð!ð€there€are€some€facts€you€need€to€be€aware€of.€€My€client€was€bornÐ ü L  Ðin€1960,€and€in€1963€he€was€adopted,€and€he€was€abandoned€by€hisÐ è 8  Ðparents.€€He€was€subjected€to€child€abuse,€such€as€cigarette€burns€andÐ Ô$  Ðsexual€abuse.€€And€we€need€Dr.€Kenner,€who€is€a€child€psychiatrist,Ð À  Ðto€explain€to€the€jury€all€these€environmental€factors€which€go€to€thisÐ ¬ü  Ðissue.€€Now€weððre€not€capable€of€doing€that.Иè ` x` x ÐÌà  àDefense€counsel,€later€in€the€hearing,€detailed€his€conversation€with€Dr.€Kenner:Ð pÀ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àNext€is€I€wrote€Dr.€Kenner€on€March€1,€1999,€asking€him€to€beÐ H˜ Ða€witness€in€this€case,€which€he€agreed€to.€€Okay.€€Now€thatððs€March,Ð 4„ ÐApril,€May,€June,€and€July€and€August,€Iððm€thinking€heððs€doingÐ  p Ðwhatever€has€to€be€done.€€Okay.€€Nowð!ðand€Iððll€be€very€frank€with€theÐ  \ Ðcourt.€€When€he€called€me€on€the€phone€and€says€I€want€thisÐ øH Ðneuropsychological,€it€caught€me€by€surprise.€€It€may€not€have,€but€itÐ ä4 Ðdid.€ÐÐ ` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àNow,€the€rest€of€it€Iððll€have€to€discuss€ex€parte.€€But,€for€theÐ ¨ø Ðrecord,€he€calls€me.€€We€were€not€able€to€arrange€that€to€hisÐ ”ä Ðsatisfaction,€and€so€he€says,€look,€ð ðIððm€not€coming€down€there€andÐ €Ð Ðtestifying€in€[a]€death€penalty€case;€you€get€it€continued,ðð€which€weÐ l¼ Ðcame€in€and€told€the€court,€and€the€court€said€no.€€I€called€him€backÐ X ¨ Ðand€said,€ð ðLook,€we€canððt€get€it€continued.€€Come€down€and€do€theÐ D!” Ðbest€you€can.ðð€€A€few€days€later€he€calls€up€and€says,€ð ðIððm€not€goingÐ 0"€  Ðto€do€that.€€Iððm€not€going€to€come€down€and€give€observations€andÐ #l! Ðopinions€that€I€have€no€basis€for.ððÐ$X"` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà " àNow,€I€sent€him€ð!ð€this€is€very€important.€€I€sent€him€the€entireÐ à%0!$ Ðsocial€history,€which€is€a€stack€of€papers€about€[a€foot]€high.€€Okay.€ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌà  àIn€response€to€a€question€from€the€trial€court,€defense€counsel€said€that€Dr.€Kenner€had€notÐ ¤(ô#' Ðbeen€served€with€a€subpoena€for€the€trial€and€counsel€did€not€ð ðthink€that€would€be€wise€because€itÐ )à$( Ðcost[s]€money€and€heððs€not€prepared€to€give€an€opinion.ðð€€After€further€extended€argument€on€thisÐ |*Ì%) Ðmatter,€the€trial€court€denied€the€defendantððs€motion€to€continue€the€resentencing€hearing.€Ð h+¸&* Їà  àConcluding€his€argument€that€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€error€in€refusing€toÐ ° Ðcontinue€the€resentencing€from€the€September€27,€1999,€setting,€the€defendant€states€in€his€brief:Ð œì ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àThe€denial€of€a€continuance€in€order€to€complete€psychiatric€andÐ tÄ Ðneuro„psychological€evaluations€resulted€in€the€defendant€having€noÐ `° Ðpsychological€proof,€other€than€the€exceedingly€limited€subject€of€hisÐ L œ Ðserotonin€levels,€available€for€his€capital€sentencing€hearing€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðviolated€his€rights€to€due€process€and€assistance€of€counsel€under€theÐ $ t Ðconstitutions€of€the€United€States€of€America€and€the€State€ofÐ  ` ÐTennessee.€Ðü L ` x` x ÐÌà  àUtilizing€language€from€òòUngar€v.€Sarafiteóó,€376€U.S.€575,€589,€84€S.€Ct.€841,€849,€11€L.€Ed.Ð Ô$  Ð2d€921€(1964),€the€defendant€describes€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€the€continuance€motion€by€sayingÐ À  Ðthat€ð ða€myopic€insistence€upon€expeditiousness€in€the€face€of€a€justifiable€request€for€delay€canÐ ¬ü  Ðrender€the€right€to€defend€with€counsel€an€empty€formality.ðð€€òòóóAgain€citing€òòUngaróó,€as€interpreted€byÐ ˜è  Ðthis€court€in€òòState€v.€Charles€Edwin€Lambóó,€No.€03C01„9701„CR„00010,€1998€Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð „Ô  ÐLEXIS€235,€at€*21€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€Feb.€20,€1998),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€Nov.€2,€1998),Ð pÀ Ðthe€defendant€poses€the€issue€as€ð ðwhether€the€trial€court€acted€in€such€a€manner€as€to€prohibit€trialÐ \¬ Ðcounselððs€preparation€of€a€defense.ðð€€However,€we€note€that€in€òòLambóó€the€error€occurred€when€theÐ H˜ Ðtrial€court€required€counsel€to€begin€trial€in€a€murder€and€conspiracy€case€on€January€23,€1996,Ð 4„ Ðalthough€counsel€had€been€appointed€only€on€January€8,€1996,€the€trial€being€scheduled€before€heÐ  p Ðwas€appointed.€€òòId.óó€at€*22.€€Thus,€the€situation€presented€to€the€trial€court€in€òòLambóó€was€vastlyÐ  \ Ðdifferent€than€that€in€the€instant€case.€Ô#†X ùXXX ù:i#ÔÔ‡X ùXXX ùÔÐ øH ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€analysis,€arguing€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€the€continuance,€glossesÐ Ð  Ðover€several€important€facts.€€First,€the€record€is€silent€as€to€why€the€psychiatrist€retained€by€theÐ ¼  Ðdefense,€and€approved€by€the€trial€court€on€April€27,€1999,€and€by€the€then€chief€justice€of€ourÐ ¨ø Ðsupreme€court€on€June€15,€1999,€did€not€meet€with€the€defendant€to€perform€a€psychiatric€evaluationÐ ”ä Ðuntil€September€17,€or€review€the€records€sent€to€him€until€September€18,€1999.€€According€to€theÐ €Ð Ðrecord€on€appeal,€it€appears€that€Dr.€Kenner€waited€three€months€after€he€had€been€approved,€andÐ l¼ Ðuntil€a€little€more€than€a€week€before€the€resentencing€hearing€was€to€begin,€to€first€meet€with€theÐ X ¨ Ðdefendant,€perform€the€evaluation,€and€determine€that€he€needed,€also,€a€neuropsychologicalÐ D!” Ðevaluation€of€the€defendant.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€We€note€the€payment€for€psychological€and€neurological€examinationsÐ 0"€  Ðof€the€defendant€had€been€approved€in€the€same€April€27,€1999,€order€of€the€trial€court.€€The€recordÐ #l! Ðdoes€not€explain€how€Dr.€Kenner,€given€the€lengthy€list€of€tasks€he€intended€to€perform€in€order€toÐ $X" Ðcomplete€his€evaluation,€anticipated€doing€so€when€he€began€working€on€the€matter€only€ten€daysÐ ô$D # Ðprior€to€when€the€hearing€was€to€begin.Ð à%0!$ ÐÐ Ì&"% Ðà  àWe€further€note€that€the€resentencing€hearing€had€been€reset,€at€the€defendantððs€request,€fromÐ ° Ðits€earlier€setting,€May€10,€1999,€because€his€mitigation€expert€had€not€completed€her€investigationÐ œì Ðas€of€March€2,€1999,€the€day€the€continuance€motion€was€filed.€€However,€according€to€the€affidavitÐ ˆØ Ðof€the€mitigation€expert€dated€April€12,€1999,€and€filed€with€the€defendantððs€òòex€parteóó€motion€filedÐ tÄ ÐApril€21,€1999,€seeking€additional€funds€for€the€expert,€she€estimated€that€the€additional€timeÐ `° Ðrequired€to€complete€all€of€her€tasks,€including€the€preparation€for€and€testifying€at€the€trial,€was€onlyÐ L œ Ð18.5€hours.€€The€trial€court€approved€her€request€for€addit