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ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  Ý›Ò  ÒÒ ° ÒÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ\R AØ'\ÑÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÞ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEE̜ـ€ÙßR€!" A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›ÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMAY€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àNo.€03„C„01„9611„CR„00417Ìà àAPPELLEE,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àSullivan€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àFrank€L.€Slaughter,€JudgeÌARMONDO€HERNANDEZ€OLIVERIA,à à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Statutory€Rape)Ìà àAPPELLANT.à àà àà à)ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à àà àà àà àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:ÌÌRichard€A.€Spiveyà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAttorney€at€Law€€€€à àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ142€Cherokee€Street€à àà àà àà à500€Charlotte€AvenueÌKingsport,€TN€€37660„4308à àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0497Ì(On€Brief)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àMarvin€E.€Clements,€Jr.ÌTimothy€R.€Wilkersonà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌ1370€Dewey€Avenue€€€à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌKingsport,€TN€€37664„3655Ì(Oral€Argument)à àà àà àà àà àH.€Greeley€Wells,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àEdward€E.€WilsonÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àP.€O.€Box€526Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBlountville,€TN€€37617„0526ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€______________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÇØØÙ  Ùò òÓ  ÓÔ€ ¼ÔÑ7€ZßXXdæXXdæ7ÑO€P€I€N€I€O€NÌÌÌÓÓÓ  ÓÔ€ XÔó óà àThe€appellant,€Armondo€Hernandez€Oliveria€(defendant),€entered€pleas€of€guiltyÏto€fifteen€(15)€counts€of€statutory€rape,€a€Class€E€felony.€€Pursuant€to€a€plea€agreement,Ïthe€trial€court€imposed€Range€I€sentences€consisting€of€confinement€for€two€(2)€years€inÏthe€Department€of€Correction€on€all€fifteen€counts.€€The€sentences€are€to€be€servedÏconcurrently.€€In€this€Court,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretionÏby€(a)€failing€to€impose€an€alternative€sentence€and€(b)€using€enhancement€factor€four,Ïwhich€permits€enhancement€due€to€the€vulnerability€of€the€victim,€as€a€basis€forÏdenying€an€alternative€sentence.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€the€briefsÏsubmitted€by€the€parties,€and€the€law€governing€the€issues€presented€for€review,€it€isÏthe€opinion€of€this€Court€that€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€should€be€affirmed.Ìà àInitially,€this€Court€notes€the€record€transmitted€to€this€Court€does€not€contain€aÏtranscript€of€the€submission€hearing.€€It€is€unknown€whether€the€parties€stipulated€toÏthe€facts€in€each€case€or€witnesses€were€presented€to€establish€the€factual€basis€forÏthe€pleas€of€guilty.€€This€transcript€is€important€because€it€provides€this€Court€with€theÏsame€factual€basis€the€trial€court€considered€when€ruling€upon€the€sentencing€issues.€ÏIn€this€case,€the€trial€œcourt€referred›€to€prior€hearings€which€are€not€included€in€theÏrecord.€€Nevertheless,€the€record€appears€to€contain€sufficient€information€to€permit€aÏreview€of€the€issues€presented.€€€€€€€€€€€à àThe€defendant,€a€Mexican€citizen,€was€twenty„five€when€the€sentencing€hearing€€was€conducted.€€He€had€resided€in€the€UnitedÏStates€for€three€years.€€He€was€married€and€the€father€of€one€child.€€The€defendant€hadÏa€fifth€grade€education.€€While€living€in€the€United€States,€the€defendant€worked€atÍrestaurants€specializing€in€Mexican€food.Ìà àThe€defendant€met€the€two€victims,€C.C.€and€K.B.,€when€they€were€sixteen€yearsÏof€age.€€He€met€the€two€victims€separately.€€He€had€sexual€intercourse€with€C.C.€onÏthree€occasions.€€He€had€sexual€intercourse€with€K.B.€on€twelve€occasions.€€He€toldÏboth€victims€he€would€marry€them€after€they€graduated€from€high€school.Ìà àThe€defendant€was€dating€his€wife€while€he€was€having€sexual€intercourse€withÏthe€victims.€€In€fact,€he€had€intercourse€with€one€of€the€victims€the€day€after€he€marriedÏhis€wife.€€One€of€the€victims€read€in€the€local€newspaper€a€marriage€license€had€beenÏissued€to€the€defendant€and€his€present€wife.€€When€confronted€with€this€fact,€theÏdefendant€told€the€victim€his€ð ðgreen€cardðð€was€about€to€expire€and€he€had€to€getÏmarried€to€remain€in€the€United€States.Ìà àOne€evening€the€parents€of€C.C.€called€her€at€her€place€of€employment.€€C.C.Ïhad€already€left.€€When€she€returned€home,€C.C.ððs€parents€wanted€to€know€where€sheÏhad€gone.€€She€revealed€her€sexual€relations€with€the€defendant.€€The€police€wereÏnotified€and€the€defendant€was€arrested.Ìà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€the€dutyÏof€this€Court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€record€ð ðwith€a€presumption€that€theÏdeterminations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct.ðð€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1990).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€theÏaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencingÏprinciples€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó€823€S.W.2d€166,Ï169€(Tenn.€1991).€€The€presumption€does€not€apply€to€the€legal€conclusions€reachedÏby€the€trial€court€in€sentencing€the€accused€or€to€the€determinations€made€by€the€trialÍcourt€which€are€predicated€upon€uncontradicted€facts.€€òòState€v.€Butleróó,€900€S.W.2dÏ305,€311€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€However,€this€Court€is€required€to€give€great€weightÏto€the€trial€courtððs€determination€of€controverted€facts€as€the€trial€courtððs€determinationÏis€based€upon€a€witnessððs€demeanor€and€appearance.Ìà àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€(a)Ïany€evidence€received€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentenceÏreport,€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€toÏsentencing€alternatives,€(e)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€anyÏmitigating€or€enhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€the€accused€in€his€ownÏbehalf,€and€(h)€the€accusedððs€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðððð€40„35„103€(1990)€and€„210€(1995).€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€defendant€was€entitled€to€the€statutory€presumption€that€he€wasÏa€favorable€candidate€for€alternative€sentencing.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(5)€andÏ(6)€(1994).€€However,€this€presumption€is€rebuttable€in€nature.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102(6).Ì€€€€€€€à àWhen€the€accused€is€the€appellant,€the€accused€has€the€burden€of€establishingÏthe€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€was€erroneous.€€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401;€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.Ìà àWhen€denying€the€defendantððs€request€for€an€alternative€sentence,€the€trialÏcourt€concluded€confinement€was€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€the€seriousness€ofÏthe€offense€because€the€victims€were€particularly€vulnerable€due€to€their€age€and€thereÏwas€more€than€one€victim.€€This€Court€agrees€with€the€defendant€the€vulnerability€ofÍthe€victims€was€not€established€by€the€state.€€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€œ31,€35›Ï(Tenn.€1993);€€òòState€v.€Claboóó,€905€S.W.2d€197,€206€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperóó.€œòòappóó.›Ïòòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).€€Moreover,€age€should€not€have€been€considered€because€ageÏwas€an€element€of€the€offense.€€This€Court€also€agrees€with€the€defendant€that€the€trialÏcourt€erred€in€considering€the€fact€there€was€more€than€one€victim.€€The€defendant€wasÏconvicted€of€the€crimes€against€each€victim.€€òòState€v.€œMcKnightóó,›€900€S.W.2d€36,€54Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).Ìà àThe€enhancement€factors€found€in€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€may€be€usedÏto€rebut€the€presumption€of€fitness€in€favor€of€alternative€sentencing.€€òòState€v.€RoyÏDavid€McCarteróó,€Blount€County€No.€03„C„01„9402„CR„00050€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,ÏKnoxville,€July€14,€1994),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdismissedóó€(Tenn.€November€28,€1994).€€There€areÏseveral€factors€present€in€this€case€which€this€Court€may€consider.Ìà àFirst,€the€defendant€has€a€history€of€criminal€conduct€and€behavior.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€(1995).€€The€defendant€was€arrested€and€being€held€forÏprosecution€€for€reckless€endangerment,€a€felony,€leaving€the€scene€of€an€accidentÏinvolving€property€damage,€driving€without€a€license,€and€evading€arrest.€€The€factsÏsupporting€these€offenses€are€set€forth€in€detail€in€the€presentence€report.€Ìà àSecond,€there€can€be€no€question€these€rape€offenses€were€committed€to€gratifyÏthe€defendantððs€desire€for€sexual€pleasure€and€excitement.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€The€defendant€had€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victims€while€he€was€dating€theÏwoman€he€married.€€Yet€he€told€both€victims€he€was€going€to€marry€them€after€theyÏgraduated€from€high€school.€€He€had€sexual€intercourse€with€one€of€the€victims€the€dayÏafter€he€married€his€present€wife.€€When€confronted€with€the€issuance€of€a€marriageÍlicense,€the€defendant€told€the€victim€he€had€to€marry€so€he€could€remain€in€the€UnitedÏStates.Ìà àThere€is€evidence€in€the€record€regarding€the€emotional€injuries€sustained€byÏK.B.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„35„114€(6);€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€929„30€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.),€òòperóó.€òòappóó.€òòdeniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€She€was€in€counseling.€€She€stole€a€motorÏvehicle.€€She€ran€away€from€home€on€more€than€one€occasion.€€Her€grades€rapidlyÏdeclined.€€She€began€associating€with€the€wrong€people.€€While€this€might€not€beÏsufficient€to€support€this€enhancement€factor,€these€facts€should€be€considered€on€theÏissue€of€alternative€sentencing.€Ìà àThe€defendant€fraudulently€induced€the€victims€to€continue€engaging€in€sexualÏintercourse€with€him.€€As€previously€stated,€he€promised€the€victims€he€would€marryÏthem€when€they€graduated€from€high€school.€€The€defendant€knew€he€was€not€going€toÏmarry€either€victim€because€he€was€dating€and€became€engaged€to€the€woman€heÏmarried.Ìà àThe€presumption€in€favor€of€alternative€sentencing€was€rebutted€by€the€facts€inÏthe€record.€€Moreover,€incarceration€is€necessary€to€avoid€depreciating€theÏseriousness€of€the€offenses€in€question.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).€ÏIncarceration€is€also€necessary€to€serve€as€an€effective€deterrent€to€others€likely€toÏcommit€similar€offenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„103(1)(B).ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à€€€€€€€€JOE€B.€JONES,€PRESIDING€JUDGEÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìà àJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ___________________________________Ìà à€€CURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGE€€€