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S\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d)1dxd<:zTop of For7(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  )2dxd0KS.SampleK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  $()*/045 35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(O$<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i) !.8Rdd8     _   R8XXdd8@ttFRINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @WW$ATKNOXVILLE#RF #Ԉ &    @  @` AssignedonBriefsAugust19,2003 L XXR #RXX #STATEOFTENNESSEEv.RUSSELLDALEOLIVERXXR  J @@ AppealfromtheCircuitCourtforJohnsonCounty  J @@No.3346RobertE.Cupp,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.E200300123CCAR3CD   November3,_2003_   AV) ` dE<|` A }     Thedefendant,RussellDaleOliver,wasconvictedbyajuryintheJohnsonCountyCircuitCourt x  ofmurderinthefirstdegreeandsentencedtolifeinprison.Inthisappealasofright,thedefendant d contendsthatthetrialcourterredbyoverrulinghismotiontodismisstheindictmentbasedonthe P violationofhisrighttoaspeedyprosecutionandtrialandthattheevidenceisinsufficienttoconvict < himofmurderinthefirstdegree.Weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt.#RXX#XXR (x    Tenn.R.App.P.3AppealasofRight;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourtAffirmed  P T#RX#XX.RJosephM.Tipton,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichJohnEverettWilliamsand ( AlanE.Glenn,JJ.,joined.  JamesT.Bowman,JohnsonCity,Tennessee,fortheappellant,RussellDaleOliver.  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;DavidH.Finley,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;Joe t C.Crumley,Jr.,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andKennethCarsonBaldwinandAnthonyWadeClark, ` AssistantDistrictAttorneysGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. L  @66' OPINION #RXX#XXRԈ $"t!   ThiscaserelatestothedefendantskillingKennethHermanGaitorwhileconfinedatthe #L# NortheastCorrectionCenteronApril19,1995.AgentShannonMortonoftheTennesseeBureau $8 $ ofInvestigationtestifiedthatthedefendantandJayDentonlivedinthebuildinghousingunittwelve %$!% attheNortheastCorrectionCenterandthatthevictimwasstabbedattheentrancetothebuilding &"& housingunitsthirteenandfourteenattheprison.Hesaidinmateswereusuallyreluctanttotalkabout '"' prisonmurdersuntiltheyarereleasedorclosetoreleasefromprison.Oncrossexamination, (#( however,heacknowledgedthatinmatesoftenliedtoinvestigatorsforvengeanceagainstother )$) inmatesorforfavorabletreatmentfromthestate. p*%*   ScottNolandtestifiedthathewasinprisonforaggravatedrobberyandburglaryconvictions H,', andthathesawanaltercationbetweenthedefendantandthevictimintheprisoncafeteriaonApril 4-(- _19,1995.Hesaidthatthevictimcutinfrontofandbumpedintothedefendant,whowasalready  inthedinnerline.Hesaidthatthedefendantaskedthevictimifhewasgoingtosay excuseme  andthatthevictimrepliedbysaying Fuckyouorsomethingsimilar.Oncrossexamination,  NolandsaidthathedidnotreportthecafeteriaincidentonApril20,1995,wheninterviewedby t investigators,butsaidthatinvestigatorsonlyaskedhimaboutthestabbing,notthecafeteriaincident. ` Hesaidthathewasnotreceivinganyfavorabletreatmentforhistestimony. L    CoraleeCampbelltestifiedthatshewasacafeteriaworkerattheprisonandthatonApril19, $ t 1995,AfricanAmericaninmatesrushedintothedinnerlineforsecondservingsbeforeallthewhite  ` inmateshadbeenserved.Shesaidthatsheheardavoiceapologizeforgettinginthewayandthat  L  sheheardawhiteinmaterespondthatitwasallrightbecausetheywouldsettlethematterlater.On  8  crossexamination,sheacknowledgedthatsheneversawanyfacesduringtheincident. $    CraigJuliantestifiedthatheworkedattheprisonasayardsergeantandthathefoundthe   victimlyingfacedownwithastabwoundinhissideafterdinner.JohnBucklandtestifiedthathe   wasaninneryardofficerattheprisononthedaythevictimwaskilled.Hesaidheheardascream   andsawtwoinmatesleavingthebuildinghousingunitsthirteenandfourteen.Hesaidhesawathird p inmatefalldown,clutchhisstomach,andpointatthetwoinmatesleavingunitsthirteenand \ fourteen.Hestatedthefalleninmatesaid hejuststuckmeashepointedatthepair.Hesaidhe H approachedtheinmatewhohadfallenandsawthatitwasGaitor.Hesaidthatthetwootherinmates 4 werehurryingawayfromthevictimandthatoneoftheinmateswasthedefendant.Hesaidthathe  p followedthedefendantandtheotherinmatetowardthebuildinghousingunitselevenandtwelve  \ andthathetoldthemtostopbutthattheyonlyquickenedtheirpace.Oncrossexamination,he H acknowledgedthathelostsightofthedefendantwhilefollowinghimintothebuildinghousingunits 4 elevenandtwelveandthattheonlydistinguishingclothingonthedefendantwasacapthathewas   wearing.Healsosaidthathecouldnotidentifythedefendantbynameonthedayofthemurder.     BillyIcenhourtestifiedthathewastheunitofficerforunittwelveonApril19,1995,andthat  hewitnessedthedefendantenterunittwelveandstickanapproximatelyeightinch shankinhis  shirt.Hesaidthathetoldthedefendanttocometohimtwicebutthatthedefendantdidnotrespond l tohisdirections.Hesaidthedefendantlookedpaleandcrazyandcontinuedwalkingdespitehis X  orders.Hesaidthatapproximatelyoneminutelater,OfficerBucklandenteredunittwelvelooking D! forthedefendant.HesaidthatheletOfficerBucklandinsideunittwelveandthathelostsightof 0"  thedefendantduringthistime.Hesaidthedefendantwalkedapproximatelythirtyfeetwhilehewas #l! unlockingthedoortoallowOfficerBucklandtoenterunittwelve.HesaidthathefollowedOfficer $X" Bucklandandthatwhentheyreachedthedefendant,hewasnolongerinpossessionofthe shank. $D # Oncrossexamination,hesaidthathedidnotattempttostopthedefendantwithoutOfficerBuckland %0!$ presentbecausethedefendantwascarryingaweapon. &"%   Dr.WilliamMcCormicktestifiedthathewastheDeputyChiefMedicalExaminerfor (#' JohnsonCountyandthatthevictimdiedofawoundfromaknifelikeobject.Hesaidthatbased )$( uponthewound,itwouldnotbeunusualifnobloodwasfoundontheattacker.Hesaidtheweapon |*%) itselfwouldonlyhavetraceamountsofbloodonitbecauseitwouldcleanitselfwhentheattacker h+&* removedtheweaponfromthevictim.Oncrossexamination,hesaidthewoundinthevictimcould  havebeencausedbyweaponsofvarioussizes.    JamesParsonstestifiedthathewasaCorrectionalCorporalattheprisonandthathewas t gatheringclothesfrominmatesonApril19,1995,afterthevictimhadbeenstabbed.Hesaidthe ` defendantinitiallyrefusedtogivehimhisclothes.Hesaidthatoncethedefendantfinallygavehim L  hisclothes,thedefendantgavehimthenameofanotherinmateintheprisoninsteadofhiscorrect 8  name. $ t   MichaelVaultontestifiedthathewasinprisonforburglaryandtheftandthathewasfriends  L  withthedefendantandMr.Dentonwhileinprison.Hesaidthedefendanthadanegativeopinion  8  ofAfricanAmericans.HesaidhedidnotgotodinnerwiththedefendantandDentononApril19, $  1995,becausehewasbusymakinga dremel,ahomemadeweapon.Hesaidthatwhenthe   defendantandDentonreturnedfromthecafeteria,theytoldhimtoputthecontrabandaway,   indicatinga lockdownwastooccur.Hesaidthedefendanttoldhimhewasgoingtokillaninmate   whohad disrespectedhim.Hesaidthatheofferedtohelpthedefendantbeatuptheindividual   whohad disrespectedhimbutthatthedefendantwasdeterminedtokilltheinmate. p   Vaultontestifiedthathe,thedefendant,andDentonwenttoapicnictabletowaitforthe H victimtoleavethecafeteria.HesaidthatthedefendantsawthevictimandthatDentonaccompanied 4 thedefendantincaseanythingwentwrongwhenthedefendantattackedthevictim.Vaultonsaid  p heleftthedefendantandDentontofindacanofSkoal.Hesaidthatheheardascreamandthathe  \ sawamanonthegroundwhenhelefttheunitfourteenhallway.VaultonsaidhesawDentonatthe H timeofthescreamandthatDentonwasstandingstillatthetime.Hesaidhesawthedefendantand 4 DentonrushtounittwelvewithOfficerBucklandinpursuit.     Vaultontestifiedthatlater,whenhe,thedefendant,andDentonwereplacedinadministrative  segregation,thedefendanttoldhimthathestabbedthevictimandthenreturnedtheknifetoits  hidingplaceinacooler.HesaidhedidnottelltheTennesseeBureauofInvestigationthis  informationin1995becausehedidnotliketheagentonthecaseatthattime.Hesaidhewas l testifyingnowbecausethedefendantwastryingtoimplicateDentoninthecrime.Oncross X  examination,VaultondeniedbeingalookoutforthedefendantonApril19,1995,andagainasserted D! thatheleftthedefendantandDentontolookforacanofSkoal.Heacknowledgedhewasfriends 0"  withbothDentonandDentonssonandadmittedthathedeniedanyknowledgeofthekilling #l! initially.Onredirectexamination,hesaidthedistrictattorneysofficeneverthreatenedtocharge $X" himinthevictimsmurder. $D #   JayDentontestifiedthathewasinprisonforaggravatedrobbery,escape,andthirddegree &"% burglaryandthathewasreceivingafiveyearsentenceforthekillingofthevictiminexchangefor '#& histestimonyagainstthedefendant.HesaidthatonApril19,1995,thevictim bulldozedthrough (#' himandthedefendantwhiletheywereinlineatthecafeteria.Hesaidthevictimtoldthedefendant )$( hehadalreadykilledone whitemotherfuckerandthevictimsaidhewouldtodoitagain.Hesaid |*%) thevictimstatedthattheywouldsettlethematterlater.Hesaidthedefendantwasvisiblyupsetand h+&* didnoteatanythingatdinner.Hestatedthataftertheyleftthecafeteria,thedefendantsaidhewas  goingtokillthevictim.HesaidthedefendantwouldnotlistentohimorVaultonwhentheytried  toconvincethedefendantnottokillthevictim.Hesaidthattheylefttowatchforthevictimand  thatheandthedefendanteachtookeightinchkniveswiththem.Hesaidthatthedefendant t recognizedthevictimleavingthecafeteriaandthattheywenttothebuildinghousingunitsthirteen ` andfourteentowaitonthevictim.Hesaidthevictimenteredtheareaaroundunitthirteenand L  lookedathim.Hesaidthedefendantthenstabbedthevictiminthebackwiththeknifewithoutany 8  hesitation.Dentonsaidhewasonlytheretohelpthedefendantifanyoneelsejoinedthefight. $ t   Dentontestifiedthatwhentheyleftthebuildinghousingunitsthirteenandfourteen,henever  L  heardguardstellinghimtostop.Hesaidthathegavehisknifetothedefendantandthateventually  8  BillySmithtookpossessionoftheweapons.HesaidthatSmithgavetheweaponsbacktothe $  defendantlaterandthatthedefendantreturnedthemtothecoolerwherehealwayshidthem.On   crossexamination,DentonsaidthatVaultonwasactingasalookoutontheeveningofthekilling.   HesaidVaultonpushedthevictimoutofthedoorwayafterthedefendantstabbedthevictim.He   admittedthathewasthethirdhighestrankingmemberinaprisonorganizationthatwasonlyfor   whites.Heacknowledgedthathehadreadthestatementsofotherwitnessesbeforetestifying. p   I.DUEPROCESS/SPEEDYTRIAL  H     Thedefendantcontendsthatthetrialcourterredbynotdismissingtheindictmentbecause  p (1)toomuchtimeelapsedbetweenthecommissionofthecrimeandtheinitiationofproceedings  \ againsthimand,(2)oncehewasindicted,toomuchtimeelapsedbeforehewastried.Thedefendant H doesnotaddressseparatelytheissuesofspeedytrialundertheSixthAmendmenttotheUnited 4 StatesConstitutionandarticleI,9oftheTennesseeConstitutionanddueprocessundertheFifth   andFourteenthAmendmentstotheUnitedStatesConstitutionandarticleI,8oftheTennessee   Constitution.Wenotethatthedelaybetweenthecommissionofanoffenseandtheinitiationof  formalproceedingsdoesnotviolateadefendantsrighttoaspeedytrial,butitmayviolatethe  defendantsrighttodueprocess.Statev.Gray,917S.W.2d668,671(Tenn.1996).     A.DueProcess X  >  Thedefendantcontendsthathisprosecutionfortheoffenseapproximatelysevenyearsafter 0"  itoccurredwasanunreasonabledelaythatshouldhaveresultedinthedismissaloftheindictment. #l! Theoffensewascommittedin1995,thestatehadknowledgeoftheoffense,andthedefendantwas $X" notindictedafterthedismissalofthefirstindictmentuntilMarch26,1999.InStatev.Dykes,803 $D # S.W.2d250,256(Tenn.Crim.App.1990),relyinguponUnitedStatesv.Marion,404U.S.307,92 %0!$ S.Ct.455(1971)XXXX,thiscourtstatedthat [b]eforeanaccusedisentitledtoreliefbaseduponthedelay &"% betweentheoffenseandtheinitiationofadversarialproceedings,theaccusedmust#XXXXUA#XXXXprovethat(a) '#& therewasadelay,(b)theaccusedsustainedactualprejudiceasadirectandproximateresultofthe (#' delay,and(c)theStatecausedthedelayinordertogaintacticaladvantageoverortoharassthe )$( accused.#XXXX[B#XXXXԀ#XXXXC#ԀInStatev.Utley,956S.W.2d489,495(Tenn.1997),thesupremecourtacknowledged |*%) the MarionDykesanalysisforcasesofdelayinchargingadefendant.Wenote,though,thatinXXXX h+&* UnitedStatesv.Lavasco,431U.S.783,97S.Ct.2044(1977),#XXXXD#XXXXinvolvingpreindictmentdelay,both  themajorityanddissentingopinionslookedtotheprosecutiontojustifythedelay.Thiscastsdoubt  astowhethertheU.S.SupremeCourtcontinuestorequirethedefendanttoprovethestatesintent  regardingitsactionsandinactionsbeforechargesarebrought.See,e.g.,UnitedStatesv.Sowa,34 t F.3d447,451(7thCir.1994)(holdingthatoncethedefendanthasprovedactualandsubstantial ` prejudice,governmentmustprovideitsreasonsfordelay,tobebalancedagainstprejudiceto L  determinewhetherdueprocesshasbeendenied)#XXXXE#XXXX,cert.denied,513U.S.1117,115S.Ct.915(1995)#XXXXH#XXXX; 8  Howellv.Barker,904F.2d889,895(4thCir.),cert.denied,498U.S.1016,111S.Ct.590(1990)#XXXXI#XXXX; $ t butsee,e.g.,UnitedStatesv.Crouch,84F.3d1497,151014(5thCir.1996)(rejectingthebalancing  ` approachandholdingthatdefendantmustshowthattheprosecutionactedintentionallytogaina  L  tacticaladvantage),cert.denied#XXXXI#XXXX,519U.S.1076,117S.Ct.736(1997);#XXXX^K#XXXXUnitedStatesv.Gouveia,#XXXXK#XXXX  8  467U.S.180,192,104S.Ct.2292,2300(1984) #XXXX8L#XXXX (holdingthatthedefendantmustprovethatthe $  Governmentsdelayinbringingtheindictmentwasdeliberatetogainanadvantageoverthe   defendant).   #XXXXL#?+ ` hp x X? XXXX#XXXX.N#?+ ` hp x X?XXXX  #XXXXN#XXXX Inanyevent,regardlessofwhetherthedefendanthastheburdenofshowinganintentional,   tacticaldelaybythestate,hehasnotshownanyprejudicecausedbythedelay.Thekillingitselfand p thecircumstancessurroundingthekillingweredescribedindefiniteandaccurateterms.The \ defendantdoesnotcontendthathewasdeniedthebenefitofwitnesseswhohavebecome H unavailableorthatevidencewaslostduringthedelay.Theonlyprejudiceclaimedisthatbecause 4 thestatedidnotbringhimtotrialwithoutdelay,hewasforcedtoremaininadministrativesecurity,  p commonlyreferredtoasthemaximumsecurityunit,fortheentiresevenyearsbetweenthe  \ commissionoftheoffenseandthetrial.Thedefendantssegregation,however,wastheresultofthe H DepartmentofCorrectionsindependentinvestigation.ThewardenoftheNortheastCorrection 4 Center,HowardCarlton,testifiedthatadefendantsplacementinmaximumsecurityisnotaltered   baseduponadefendantsbeingfoundguiltyornotguilty.Thewardenfurthertestifiedthateach   inmatesfileinmaximumsecurityisreviewedeverythirtydaystodetermineiftheinmateremains  athreattothegeneralprisonpopulationandshouldremaininthemaximumsecurityunits.There  wasnoprejudiceresultingfromthesevenyeardelaybetweenthecommissionoftheoffenseandthe  trial.Consequently,therewasnodenialofdueprocess. l   B.SpeedyTrial D! U  Oncethestateinitiatescriminalproceedings,therighttoaspeedytrialisimplicatedunder #l! theSixthAmendmenttotheUnitedStatesConstitutionandart.I,9oftheTennesseeConstitution. $X" InBarkerv.Wingo,407U.S.514,530,92S.Ct.2182,2192(1972),theSupremeCourtdeviseda $D # balancingtesttodeterminewhetheradefendantreceivedaspeedytrialandidentifiedthefollowing %0!$ factorsforconsideration: &"% 8  8`   (1)Thelengthofdelay.(#'` x` x 8  8`   (2)Thereasonforthedelay.)$(` x` x 8  8`   (3)Thedefendantsassertionofhisrighttospeedytrial.|*%)` x` x 8  8`   (4)Theprejudicetothedefendant.h+&*` x` x ЇId.at2192.InStatev.Bishop,493S.W.2d81(Tenn.1973),ourcourtimplicitlyadoptedtheBarker  balancingtestforourstatesconstitutionalandstatutoryrighttoaspeedytrial.     @  @     ThedefendantwasinitiallyindictedonMay19,1995.Thisindictmentwasdismissedon t April19,1996,bynolleprosequi.HewasindictedagainonMarch26,1999,becausetwoinmates ` cameforwardwithnewinformation.ThedefendantsfirstattorneyfiledforcontinuancesonJuly L  6,2000,andFebruary9,2001.OnMay21,2001,thetrialcourtdelayedthetrialdateandreplaced 8  theattorneywithanotherattorneybecausethefirstattorneywasstillunpreparedfortrial.Thetrial $ t wasthensetforAugust27,2001,resetforDecember2001,andresetagainforMarch5,2002.The  ` defendantagreedtothesetwodelaystoallowthestatetotestapotentialmurderweaponthatwas  L  newlydiscovered.  8    TheMarch5trialdatewasthendelayedduetotheillnessofdefensecounselsbrotherand   resetforJuly8,2002.Thistrialdatewasdelayedbecausetheoriginaltrialjudgewasforcedto   recusehimselfduetoimproperinformationhereceivedfromthedefendantscocounsel.OnAugust   19,2002,thedefendantfiledamotiontodismissthechargeforlackofaspeedytrial.Thetrial   beganonAugust20,2002,andthedefendantwasconvictedoffirstdegreemurder.Thedefendants p motionfordismissalwasoverruledonDecember13,2002.Therewasathreeyear,fivemonth \ delaybetweenthesecondindictmentandthetrial,whichissufficienttotriggerconsiderationunder H thebalancingtest. 4 [    Thereasonforthedelaycarriessignificanceinrelationtotheleveloftheprosecutions  \ diligence,officialnegligence,orbadfaithinvolvementinthedelay.Officialbadfaithincausing H delaywillbeweighedheavilyagainsttheprosecution.Barker,407U.S.at532,92S.Ct.at2192. 4 Thesignificanceofprosecutorialnegligencemaydependuponthelengthofthedelay.Id.     Inaddressingthereasonforthedelay,thestateassertsthatthedelayisnotattributabletothe  prosecution.Thestatesonlytworequestsforcontinuancesweretotestnewevidence,andthe  defendantagreedtothesedelays.Thestateassertsthatnootherdelaywasattributabletoit.The  defendantdoesnotarguethatthestatewasatfaultforthedelaysandinsteadfocusesonformer l defensecounselsnegligencetoaddressthedelays.Thedefendantassertsthatthelackofpreparation X  byhisfirstattorney,resultinginafifteenmonthdelayofthedefendantscase,shouldweighinfavor D! ofdismissingthecase. 0"  ?+ ` hp x X?#XXXXO#XXXX      Delaythatiscausedoracquiescedinbythedefendantisweighedagainstthedefendant. $X" Statev.Wood,924S.W.2d342,347(Tenn.1996).Evidenceshowsthatthedefendantnever $D # demandedaspeedytrialwhilehisfirstattorneyrepresentedhimandthathedidnotobjecttohis %0!$ attorneystworequestsforcontinuances.Moreover,atthedefendantspretrialhearingonthe &"% motiontodismissforaspeedytrialviolation,thedefendanttoldthecourtthathebelievedthe '#& attorneyhaddonehisjob.Becausethedefendantacquiescedinhisattorneysdelaysinthecase, (#' thereasonfordelayweighsagainstthedefendant. )$(  #XXXXg#XXXX |*%) g    Relevanttoprejudice,Barker,407U.S.at532,92S.Ct.at2193,liststhreeinterestsofthe   defendanttoconsider:(a)thepreventionofoppressivepretrialincarceration,(b)theminimization  ofthedefendantsanxietyandconcern,and(c)thelimitationofthepossibilityofthedefensebeing  impaired--thelastbeingconsideredthemostseriousinterestbecauseofitspotentialtoskewthe t fairnessoftheentiresystem.Thedefendantimpliesthathisdefensehasnotbeenimpaireddueto ` thedelay.Heonlysuggeststhatmemoriestendtofadewithtime. L    Thedefendantsparamountclaimwithregardtoprejudiceisagainthathewasheldin $ t administrativesegregationduringtheentiresevenyearsbetweenthekillingandthetrial.Initially,  ` wenotethatwhilethedefendantwasheldinmaximumsecurityfrom1996through1999,hewas  L  notunderindictment.Mostsignificantly,however,isthatthedefendantssegregationwastheresult  8  oftheDepartmentofCorrectionsindependentinvestigationasdescribedabove.Thedefendanthas $  failedtoshowanyprejudiceresultingfromthedelay.     Statev.Vickers,985S.W.2d1,5(Tenn.Crim.App.1997),statesthatadelayofthreeyears   andninemonthsisnotnecessarilyaspeedytrialviolation.Moreover,atotaldelayofovertwoyears   isnotsufficientalonetopresumeprejudice.Bishop,493S.W.2dat85.Inaddition,thedefendant p neverraisedthespeedytrialissueuntilthedaybeforehistrial.Althoughthisdoesnotwaivethe \ issue,id.at8485,itisafactor.Intotality,thelackofprejudiceagainstthedefendant,thelackof H prosecutorialnegligenceorbadfaith,andthedefendantsfailuretodemandaspeedytrialjustifythe 4 trialcourtsrefusingtodismissthecharges.  p    `     h   Xk@  II.SUFFICIENCYOFTHEEVIDENCE  H     Thedefendantcontendsthattheevidenceisinsufficienttoshowpremeditationonhispart.   Thedefendantassertsthathewasextremelydistressedatthetimeofthekillingandthisstateof   mindnegatedhisabilitytoactwithpremeditation.Thestateclaimsthattheevidenceissufficient.  Weagreewiththestate.    Ourstandardofreviewwhenthedefendantquestionsthesufficiencyoftheevidenceon l appealis whether,afterviewingtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,any X  rationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonable D! doubt.Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307,319,99S.Ct.2781,2789(1979).Wedonotreweigh 0"  theevidencebutpresumethatthejuryhasresolvedallconflictsinthetestimonyanddrawnall #l! reasonableinferencesfromtheevidenceinfavorofthestate.SeeStatev.Sheffield,676S.W.2d $X" 542,547(Tenn.1984);Statev.Cabbage,571S.W.2d832,835(Tenn.1978).Questionsabout $D # witnesscredibilitywereresolvedbythejury.SeeStatev.Bland,958S.W.2d651,659(Tenn.1997). %0!$   Firstdegreepremeditatedmurderisdefinedasanunlawful, premeditatedandintentional '#& killingofanother.T.C.A.3913201,-202(a)(1).Premeditationisdefinedas (#' 8  8`   anactdoneaftertheexerciseofreflectionandjudgment. |*%)  Premeditationmeansthattheintenttokillmusthavebeenformed h+&* priortotheactitself.Itisnotnecessarythatthepurposetokill  pre-existinthemindoftheaccusedforanydefiniteperiodoftime.  Thementalstateoftheaccusedatthetimetheaccusedallegedly  decidedtokillmustbecarefullyconsideredinordertodetermine t whethertheaccusedwassufficientlyfreefromexcitementand ` passionastobecapableofpremeditation.L ` x` x   Id.39-13-202(d).Theelementofpremeditationisaquestionforthejuryandmaybeestablished $ t byproofofthecircumstancessurroundingthekilling.Bland,958S.W.2dat660.Oursupreme  ` courthasdelineatedthefollowingfactorsthatdemonstratetheexistenceofpremeditation:theuse  L  ofadeadlyweaponuponanunarmedvictim,theparticularcrueltyofthekilling,declarationsbythe  8  defendantofanintenttokill,evidenceofprocurementofaweapon,preparationsbeforethekilling $  forconcealmentofthecrime,andcalmnessimmediatelyafterthekilling.Id.     Applyingtheabovefactors,therecordinthiscaserevealssufficientevidenceof   premeditationtosupportthedefendantsconvictionforfirstdegreemurder.Viewingtheevidence   inthelightmostfavorabletothestate,theproofshowsthatmost,ifnotall,ofthefactorslistedin p Blandarepresent.Whenthevictimbumpedintothedefendantinthecafeterialine,thedefendant \ toldthevictimthattheywouldsettlethematterlater.Thedefendantretrievedaneightinchknife H fromitshidingspotafterrefusingDentonsandVaultonspleastonotkillthevictim.Hewaited 4 patientlyforthevictimtoreturnfromthecafeteria.Hethenstuckaknifeintothevictim,whowas  p unarmed,afterstatingtoVaultonandDentonthathewasgoingtokillthevictim.Afterthestabbing,  \ thedefendantattemptedtoconcealhiscrimebyleavingthescene,hidingtheknife,andgivingprison H officialsanotherinmatesname.Becausearationaljurycouldhavefoundpremeditationbeyonda 4 reasonabledoubtbasedonthesereasonableinferences,theevidenceissufficienttosupportthe   defendantsconvictionforfirstdegreemurder.   & t   Basedupontheforegoingandtherecordasawhole,weaffirmthejudgmentofthetrialcourt.     `     h   򀀀 D!    `     h   JOSEPHM.TIPTON,JUDGE 0"   ~'t     #XXXXk#                ʼn                ͊                       _