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D-r 0KŸŸ ASêÆ= 0¤ A«§˜HP LaserJet 4050ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt†]+â Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5yG*ê:i¢Ø+003|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ - ù-(|G2±¿$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôç ò»»Ô d(|3v$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_XYEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3v$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E%»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€E%»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼E%»»»ÔÑ8€éXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îNdE%ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼E%»îîNd #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€September€25,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XéX»¼E%ÔÌò òÔ#†¼E%»XXé##ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€òòóóPATRICK€D.€PARISÔ‡XéX»¼E%Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminalà0 @ à€Court€for€Hamilton€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNos.€216583„216585€€€€€€Stephen€M.€Ô_ÔBevilÔ_Ô,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2000„02672„CCA„R3„CD€Ð ¥õ  ÐOctober€29,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Patrick€D.€Paris,€appeals€from€his€convictions€for€attempted€first€degree€murder€andÐ xÈ  Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery,€contending€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€convictionsÐ d´ Ðand€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€hearsay€testimony€into€evidence€as€an€excited€utterance.€Ð P  ÐWe€affirm€the€judgments€of€conviction.Ð <Œ ÐÓûÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgments€of€the€Criminal€Courtó ó€ò òAffirmedó óÐ d ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼E%»àXé›#ÔÔ‡XéX.¼E%ÔJoseph€M.€Ô_ÔTiptonÔ_Ô,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJoe€G.€Rileyóó€and€òòAlan€E.Ð ð@ ÐGlenn,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð Ü, ÐÌJeffrey€S.€Ô_ÔSchaarschmidtÔ_Ô€(on€appeal)€and€John€Brooks€(at€trial),€Chattanooga,€Tennessee,€for€theÐ ´ Ðappellant,€Patrick€D.€Paris.Ð  ð ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Jennifer€L.€Ô_ÔBledsoeÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð xÈ ÐWilliam€H.€Cox,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Barry€Allen€Steelman,€Assistant€DistrictÐ d´ ÐAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð P   ÐÓ3ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼E%»XXéb#ÔÔ‡XéX»¼E%ÔÐ ("x! ÐòòóóÔ#†¼E%»XXéµ #ÔÔ€XéX»¼E%ÔÓ  Óà  àÌà  àThe€defendant€was€convicted€by€a€jury€for€attempted€first€degree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony,Ð $P# Ðand€especially€aggravated€robbery,€a€Class€A€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€him€as€a€Range€I,Ð ì$< $ Ðstandard€offender€to€twenty„three€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction€for€the€attempted€first€degreeÐ Ø%(!% Ðmurder€conviction.€€He€received€a€concurrent€sentence€of€twenty€years€with€no€parole€for€theÐ Ä&"& Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery€conviction.€€€Ð °'#' ÐÌà  àThis€case€relates€to€the€shooting€of€Jason€Davis€on€April€7,€1997.€€The€victim€testified€thatÐ ˆ)Ø$) Ðon€April€5,€1997,€he€was€living€in€Clarksville€and€that€he€and€Derrick€Jenkins€drove€the€victimððsÐ t*Ä%* ÐChevrolet€Blazer€to€Chattanooga.€€He€said€that€he€went€there€to€visit€his€family€and€that€he€and€Mr.Ð `+°&+ ÐJenkins€spent€the€night€in€a€hotel.€€He€said€that€the€next€morning,€he€drove€Mr.€Jenkins€aroundÐ L,œ', ÐChattanooga€to€show€him€the€city.€€He€said€that€they€drove€by€the€defendantððs€house€and€that€theÐ 8-ˆ(-ý ÐÔ_Ôdefendant€flagged€him€down.€€He€said€that€he€and€the€defendant,€also€known€as€ð ðPatti€Boo,ðð€smokedÐ ° Ðmarijuana€and€talked.€€He€said€that€he€and€the€defendant€were€not€friends€but€that€they€had€hung€outÐ œì Ðtogether€and€smoked€marijuana€before.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€Edward€ð ðAceðð€Williams€wanted€to€talkÐ `° Ðto€the€victim.€€The€victim€said€that€he,€the€defendant,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€drove€the€Blazer€to€Mr.Ð L œ ÐWilliamsðð€house.€€He€said€that€they€talked€with€Mr.€Williams€until€Mr.€Williamsðð€girlfriend€cameÐ 8 ˆ Ðhome.€€He€said€that€he,€the€defendant,€Mr.€Williams,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€rode€around€in€the€Blazer€forÐ $ t Ða€while€and€smoked€marijuana.€€He€said€that€they€returned€to€Mr.€Williamsðð€house€that€afternoon,Ð  ` Ðparked€the€Blazer,€and€left€again€in€Mr.€Williamsðð€rental€car.€€He€said€that€he€was€carrying€a€9Ð ü L  Ðmillimeter€gun€and€that€the€defendant€was€carrying€a€.38€caliber€gun.€€He€said€that€they€rode€aroundÐ è 8  Ðuntil€about€12:30€a.m.€on€April€7,€when€they€stopped€at€the€Krystal€Restaurant€on€Highway€58€andÐ Ô$  Ðate.€€He€said€that€they€left€the€restaurant€and€decided€to€go€to€a€house€owned€by€someone€namedÐ À  Ðð ðLandðð€and€talk€to€him€about€buying€drugs.€€He€said€that€they€decided€to€take€a€shortcut€to€Mr.Ð ¬ü  ÐLandððs€house.€€He€said€that€they€parked€by€the€Side€Pockets€pool€hall€on€Highway€58€and€that€he,Ð ˜è  Ðthe€defendant,€and€Mr.€Williams€started€walking€on€a€trail€to€Mr.€Landððs€house,€while€Mr.€JenkinsÐ „Ô  Ðslept€in€the€car.€€He€said€that€as€they€started€walking,€he€decided€to€return€to€the€Krystal€to€use€theÐ pÀ Ðbathroom.€€He€said€that€before€he€left,€he€gave€his€gun€to€Mr.€Williams€or€the€defendant.€€He€saidÐ \¬ Ðthat€he€drove€Mr.€Williamsðð€car€to€the€Krystal,€used€the€bathroom,€and€drove€back€to€Side€Pockets.€Ð H˜ ÐHe€said€that€when€he€got€back€to€the€trail,€Mr.€Williams€and€the€defendant€were€hiding€from€him.€Ð 4„ ÐHe€said€that€he€saw€Mr.€Williams€hiding,€told€Mr.€Williams€and€the€defendant€to€come€out,€and€thatÐ  p Ðthe€two€men€came€out€and€met€him.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€gave€him€his€gun€back€and€that€heÐ  \ Ðthought€ð ðsomething€was€kind€of€funny,ðð€so€he€checked€to€make€sure€the€gun€was€still€loaded.€€HeÐ øH Ðsaid€that€the€three€of€them€started€up€the€trail€to€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€wasÐ ä4 Ðin€front€of€him€and€that€the€defendant€was€behind€him.€€He€said€that€as€they€were€walking,€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€shot€him,€and€everything€went€black.Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€he€awoke€about€two€hours€later€with€a€loud€ringing€in€his€ears.€€HeÐ ”ä Ðsaid€that,€at€first,€he€thought€the€defendant€had€hit€him€in€the€head€with€a€brick.€€He€said€that€he€triedÐ €Ð Ðto€get€up€but€kept€falling€over.€€He€said€that€he€knew€something€was€wrong€and€that€he€touched€theÐ l¼ Ðback€of€his€head€and€felt€blood€and€a€hole.€€He€said€that€he€knew€he€had€been€shot.€€He€said€that€hisÐ X ¨ Ðgun,€beeper,€jewelry,€car€keys,€and€$600€were€gone.€€He€said€that€he€crawled€across€Highway€58€toÐ D!” Ðthe€Golden€Gallon€convenience€store,€pulled€up€onto€the€door,€and€fell€inside.€€He€said€that€heÐ 0"€  Ðthought€he€remembered€saying,€ð ðPatti€Boo€shot€me.ðð€€The€victim€stated€that€he€was€in€the€hospitalÐ #l! Ðfor€eight€days.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€he€had€pulled€out€his€money€in€front€of€the€defendant€while€theyÐ à%0!$ Ðwere€at€the€Krystal.€€He€said€that€after€the€shooting,€he€met€the€defendant€in€the€hallway€of€theÐ Ì&"% ÐHamilton€County€Jail,€and€the€defendant€told€him,€ð ðI€should€have€killed€you,€I€wish€I€would€haveÐ ¸'#& Ðkilled€you.ðð€€The€prosecution€showed€the€victim€a€photograph€that€the€police€took€on€April€23,€1997,Ð ¤(ô#' Ðshowing€the€defendant€standing€in€front€of€a€Chevrolet€Blazer.€€The€victim€identified€his€Blazer€inÐ )à$( Ðthe€photograph€and€said€that€the€defendant€was€wearing€the€victimððs€shirt€and€tennis€shoes.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àAt€the€time€of€trial,€the€victim€was€serving€an€eleven„year€sentence€for€two€robberyÐ ° Ðconvictions.€€On€cross„examination,€he€acknowledged€that€he€did€not€have€a€job€at€the€time€he€wasÐ œì Ðshot.€€He€said€that€he€got€the€$600€from€his€girlfriend,€his€brother,€and€selling€marijuana.€€He€saidÐ ˆØ Ðthat€in€1996,€he€pled€guilty€to€robbery€and€aggravated€burglary.€€He€said€that€in€1998,€he€pled€guiltyÐ tÄ Ðto€an€aggravated€robbery€that€was€committed€in€Hamilton€County€on€April€5,€1997,€two€days€beforeÐ `° Ðhe€was€shot.€€He€denied€that€he€went€to€Chattanooga€to€commit€a€robbery,€and€he€denied€planningÐ L œ Ðto€rob€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€He€acknowledged€being€on€probation€when€he€was€shot,€having€anÐ 8 ˆ Ðextensive€juvenile€record,€and€previously€lying€under€oath.€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àJennifer€Ellis,€manager€of€the€Golden€Gallon€on€Highway€58,€testified€as€follows:€At€6:30Ð ü L  Ða.m.€on€April€7,€1997,€the€victim€walked€into€the€Golden€Gallon€on€Highway€58.€€He€was€coveredÐ è 8  Ðwith€blood€and€said€he€had€been€shot.€€Ms.€Ellis€laid€the€victim€down€on€his€stomach€because€he€hadÐ Ô$  Ða€hole€in€the€back€of€his€head.€€She€tried€to€keep€the€victim€conscious€by€asking€him€questions.Ð À  ÐAlthough€Ms.€Ellis€could€not€understand€most€of€what€the€victim€said,€she€heard€him€say€repeatedly,Ð ¬ü  Ðð ðPatti€Boo€done€shot€me.ððÐ ˜è  ÐÌà  àMike€Wallaford,€who€lives€across€the€street€from€the€Golden€Gallon,€testified€as€follows:€Ð pÀ ÐAt€about€4:00€a.m.€on€April€7,€1997,€he€heard€one€gunshot.€€He€thought€that€his€neighbors€wereÐ \¬ Ðshooting€at€each€other€and€called€9„1„1.€Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àBill€Phillips,€an€investigator€with€the€Chattanooga€Police€Department,€testified€that€he€wentÐ  p Ðto€the€hospital€on€April€7,€1997,€and€asked€the€victim€questions.€€He€said€that€the€victim€told€him€thatÐ  \ Ðthe€defendant€and€Mr.€Williams€shot€him.€€He€said€that€he€formally€interviewed€the€victim€on€AprilÐ øH Ð22,€1997,€and€that€the€victim€told€him€the€defendant€shot€him.€€He€said€that€he€asked€the€victim€ifÐ ä4 Ðthe€four€men€had€gone€to€Mr.€Landððs€house€to€rob€someone€and€that€the€victim€said€he€could€notÐ Ð  Ðremember.€€He€said€that€the€victim€told€him€that€before€he€went€back€to€the€Krystal€to€use€theÐ ¼  Ðbathroom,€he€gave€his€gun€to€Mr.€Williams,€not€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€the€victim€told€him€theyÐ ¨ø Ðparked€at€the€Side€Pockets€pool€hall€so€that€they€would€not€be€seen.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àOfficer€Phillips€said€that€he€met€with€the€defendant€on€April€10,€1997,€and€that,€at€first,€theÐ l¼ Ðdefendant€said€he€did€not€know€anything€about€the€shooting.€€He€said€that€over€the€course€of€hisÐ X ¨ Ðinvestigation,€the€defendant€gave€four€different€versions€of€what€happened.€€He€said€that€theÐ D!” Ðdefendant€told€him€that€Mr.€Williams€probably€shot€the€victim€because€there€was€a€contract€out€onÐ 0"€  Ðthe€victimððs€life.€€He€said€that€on€April€23,€1997,€he€found€the€victimððs€Blazer€on€the€street€whereÐ #l! Ðthe€defendant€lived.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€told€him€that€he€bought€the€Blazer€from€the€victim.€Ð $X" ÐHe€said€that€he€never€found€the€gun€that€was€used€to€shoot€the€victim.Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àKaya€Reeves,€the€victimððs€girlfriend,€testified€as€follows:€€She€and€the€victim€lived€togetherÐ Ì&"% Ðin€Clarksville.€€On€April€7,€1997,€the€defendant€and€Derrick€Jenkins€came€to€her€house.€€TheÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant€was€driving€the€victimððs€Blazer€and€told€her€that€he€was€the€victimððs€cousin.€€He€told€herÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthat€the€victim€had€been€in€a€shootout€with€police€and€that€the€victim€was€in€jail€with€a€$10,000Ð )à$( Ðbond.€€The€defendant€told€her€that€the€victim€asked€him€to€go€to€Clarksville€and€get€his€stuff.€€Ms.Ð |*Ì%) ÐReeves€started€to€call€the€victimððs€parents€in€Chattanooga€to€tell€them€that€the€victim€was€in€jail.€Ð h+¸&* ÐHowever,€the€defendant€told€her€that€the€victim€did€not€want€his€mother€to€find€out.€€Ms.€ReevesÐ ° Ðpacked€the€victimððs€clothes€and€gave€them€to€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€took€most€of€the€victimððsÐ œì Ðclothes,€a€gun,€and€a€Playstation.€€After€the€defendant€left,€Ms.€Reeves€called€the€Chattanooga€andÐ ˆØ ÐClarksville€jails,€but€she€could€not€find€the€victim.€€Ms.€Reeves€called€the€victimððs€mother€andÐ tÄ Ðlearned€that€he€had€been€shot.€€On€cross„examination,€Ms.€Reeves€said€that€the€victim€did€not€workÐ `° Ðor€sell€drugs.€€She€said€that€she€gave€him€$600€to€buy€clothes€and€marijuana€in€Chattanooga.€€SheÐ L œ Ðsaid€that€the€victim€kept€a€gun€under€the€couch€in€her€house€and€that€he€carried€another€gun€with€him.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àRonnie€Bennett€testified€that€he€is€serving€a€twenty„one„year€federal€sentence€for€cocaine€andÐ  ` Ðfirearm€convictions.€€He€said€that€he€and€the€defendant€met€in€July€1996€and€that€they€were€goodÐ ü L  Ðfriends.€€He€said€that€in€November€1996,€he€met€the€victim€and€that€the€two€of€them€started€spendingÐ è 8  Ða€lot€of€time€together.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€was€jealous€of€his€friendship€with€the€victim.€€HeÐ Ô$  Ðsaid€that€he€was€in€jail€when€he€heard€about€the€victim€getting€shot.€€He€said€that€he€called€theÐ À  Ðdefendant€and€that€the€defendant€told€him,€ð ðI€got€your€boy.ðð€€He€said€that€the€defendant€told€him€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðhe€shot€the€victim€in€the€back€of€the€head€as€they€were€walking€to€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€He€said€thatÐ ˜è  Ðthe€defendant€told€him€that€he€bought€the€victimððs€truck€from€the€victim.€€He€said€that€the€defendantÐ „Ô  Ðthought€the€victim€was€messing€with€the€defendantððs€girlfriend.Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àEdward€ð ðAceðð€Williams€testified€that€he€was€charged€with€attempted€first€degree€murder,Ð H˜ Ðespecially€aggravated€robbery,€and€accessory€after€the€fact€in€connection€with€the€victimððs€shooting.€Ð 4„ ÐHe€said€that€in€return€for€testifying€against€the€defendant,€he€was€allowed€to€plead€guilty€to€accessoryÐ  p Ðafter€the€fact€and€receive€a€two„€to€four„year€sentence€for€his€participation€in€the€crime.€€He€said€thatÐ  \ Ðthe€victim,€the€defendant,€and€Derrick€Jenkins€came€to€his€house€on€April€6,€1997.€€He€said€that€he,Ð øH Ðthe€defendant,€the€victim,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€left€in€the€victimððs€Blazer.€€He€said€that€they€drove€intoÐ ä4 Ða€bank€parking€lot,€where€other€cars€were€parked.€€He€said€that€he€got€out€and€talked€to€a€girl€whileÐ Ð  Ðthe€defendant,€the€victim,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€sat€in€the€Blazer€and€smoked€marijuana.€€He€said€that€theÐ ¼  Ðfour€of€them€drove€back€to€his€house€about€4:00€p.m.€€He€said€that€when€he€got€home,€the€defendant,Ð ¨ø Ðthe€victim,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€left€and€that€he€called€his€brother.€€He€said€that€he€wanted€his€brother€toÐ ”ä Ðsteal€the€radio€out€of€the€victimððs€Blazer.€€He€said€that€the€victim,€the€defendant,€and€Mr.€JenkinsÐ €Ð Ðreturned€to€his€house€about€11:00€p.m.€and€that€he€got€the€victim€to€leave€the€Blazer€at€his€house,Ð l¼ Ðwhile€the€four€of€them€rode€around€in€his€rental€car.€€He€said€that€he€planned€to€keep€the€defendantÐ X ¨ Ðaway€from€the€Blazer€long€enough€for€his€brother€to€steal€the€radio€out€of€it.€€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àMr.€Williams€testified€that€they€rode€around€for€about€two€hours€and€that€they€stopped€to€getÐ #l! Ðsomething€to€eat.€€He€said€that€after€they€ate,€they€parked€beside€a€pool€hall€on€Highway€58.€€He€saidÐ $X" Ðthat€the€four€of€them€walked€a€trail€to€Mr.€Landððs€house€in€order€for€the€victim€to€buy€drugs.€€He€saidÐ ô$D # Ðthat€the€victim€had€to€use€the€bathroom€and€borrowed€Mr.€Williamsðð€car€to€return€to€the€Krystal.€€HeÐ à%0!$ Ðsaid€that€before€the€victim€left,€the€victim€gave€his€gun€to€the€defendant.€€He€said€that€the€victim€andÐ Ì&"% ÐMr.€Jenkins€left€and€that€he€went€into€the€woods€to€use€the€bathroom.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€saidÐ ¸'#& Ðthe€victim€had€been€messing€with€the€defendantððs€girlfriend€and€added,€ð ðMan,€if€the€n*****€lie€aboutÐ ¤(ô#' Ðit€Iððm€going€to€bust€him.ðð€€Mr.€Williams€stated€that€he€was€still€in€the€woods€when€the€victimÐ )à$( Ðreturned€and€that€the€victim€said,€ð ðWhere€you€all€at,€man?ðð€€He€said€that€he€came€out€of€the€woodsÐ |*Ì%) Ðand€that€he€and€the€defendant€met€the€victim.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Jenkins€stayed€in€the€car.€€Ð h+¸&* Ðà  àÌà  àMr.€Williams€testified€that€the€defendant€returned€the€victimððs€gun.€€He€said€that€he€walkedÐ œì Ðback€to€the€car€while€the€defendant€and€the€victim€went€to€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€He€said€that€after€theyÐ ˆØ Ðhad€been€gone€about€twenty€minutes,€he€went€to€look€for€them.€€He€said€that€he€saw€them€comingÐ tÄ Ðtoward€him€and€that€he€walked€into€the€woods.€€He€said€that€when€he€got€to€the€woods,€he€heard€aÐ `° Ðshot.€€He€said€that€he€went€back€to€the€car€and€that€the€defendant€ran€to€the€car€and€said€someone€wasÐ L œ Ðshooting€at€them.€€He€said€that€he€asked€the€defendant€where€the€victim€was€and€that€the€defendantÐ 8 ˆ Ðsaid€the€victim€ran€a€different€way.€€He€said€that€he,€the€defendant,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€rode€around€andÐ $ t Ðlooked€for€the€victim.€€He€said€that€they€never€found€the€victim€and€went€back€to€Mr.€WilliamsððÐ  ` Ðhouse.€€He€said€that€when€they€got€to€his€house,€he€noticed€that€his€brother€had€not€broken€into€theÐ ü L  ÐBlazer.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€got€into€the€victimððs€Blazer€and€left.€€He€said€that€the€defendantÐ è 8  Ðtold€him€that€the€victim€gave€the€defendant€the€keys€to€the€Blazer.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àMr.€Williams€testified€that€about€an€hour€later,€the€defendant€returned€and€told€him€the€victimÐ ¬ü  Ðwas€in€jail€and€had€a€$10,000€bond.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€left€again€and€that€later€that€morning,Ð ˜è  ÐMr.€Williams€took€Mr.€Jenkins€to€the€defendantððs€house.€€He€said€that€when€they€got€to€theÐ „Ô  Ðdefendantððs€house,€the€defendant€came€out€and€told€him,€ð ðI€shot€that€n*****,€man.ðð€€He€said€he€leftÐ pÀ ÐMr.€Jenkins€at€the€defendantððs€house,€went€to€work,€and€went€back€to€the€defendantððs€house€to€pickÐ \¬ Ðup€Mr.€Jenkins,€but€the€defendant€and€Mr.€Jenkins€were€gone.€€He€said€that€three€days€later,€hisÐ H˜ Ðparole€officer€told€him€there€was€a€warrant€for€his€and€the€defendantððs€arrests.€€He€said€that€he€wentÐ 4„ Ðto€the€defendantððs€house€and€that€the€defendant€was€washing€the€victimððs€Blazer.€€He€said€that€heÐ  p Ðtold€the€defendant€that€a€warrant€had€been€issued€for€their€arrests.€€He€said€that€they€turnedÐ  \ Ðthemselves€in€and€got€out€on€bond.€€Mr.€Williams€said€that€he€took€the€defendant€to€see€Mr.Ð øH ÐWilliamsðð€attorney€and€that€the€defendant€gave€the€attorney€a€tape€recorded€statement.€€He€said€thatÐ ä4 Ðthe€defendant€lied€throughout€the€statement.€€Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€while€he€was€riding€around€with€theÐ ¨ø Ðdefendant,€the€victim,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€on€April€6,€the€victim€pulled€a€gun€on€some€people€in€a€whiteÐ ”ä Ðcar.€€He€said€that€the€defendant€was€planning€to€rob€Mr.€Land.€€Mr.€Williams€testified€that€he€has€aÐ €Ð Ðvery€bad€reputation€and€that€he€has€been€shot€nine€times.€€He€said€that€he€is€not€ð ðstreetwise.ððÐ l¼ ÐÌà  àRussell€Bean,€Edward€Williamsðð€attorney,€testified€as€follows:€Mr.€Williams€brought€theÐ D!” Ðdefendant€to€his€office€on€April€11,€1997.€€The€defendant€gave€a€tape€recorded€statement€and€saidÐ 0"€  Ðthat€he€and€Mr.€Williams€were€not€involved€in€the€victimððs€shooting.€€Ð #l! ÐÌà  à€The€defendant€testified€that€he€met€the€victim€in€November€1996.€€He€said€that€on€April€6,Ð ô$D # Ð1997,€the€victim€and€Mr.€Jenkins€came€to€his€house€and€that€he€and€the€victim€smoked€marijuana.€Ð à%0!$ ÐHe€said€that€he,€the€victim,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€went€to€Mr.€Williamsðð€house€about€2:00€p.m.€€He€saidÐ Ì&"% Ðthat€about€thirty€minutes€later,€all€four€of€them€left€in€the€victimððs€Blazer€to€go€to€the€park.€€He€saidÐ ¸'#& Ðthat€they€never€made€it€to€the€park€and€that€the€victim€tried€to€chase€down€some€men€in€a€white,Ð ¤(ô#' ÐChevrolet€Caprice.€€He€said€that€they€parked€at€a€car€wash€and€that€Mr.€Williams€got€out€to€talk€toÐ )à$( Ða€girl€while€he,€the€victim,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€smoked€marijuana€in€the€Blazer.€€He€said€that€they€leftÐ |*Ì%) Ðthe€car€wash€and€left€Mr.€Williams€at€his€house€about€3:00€p.m.€€He€said€that€he,€the€victim,€and€Mr.Ð h+¸&* ÐJenkins€returned€to€Mr.€Williamsðð€house€about€10:00€p.m.€and€that€the€four€of€them€left€in€Mr.Ð ° ÐWilliamsðð€car.€€He€said€that€the€victim€and€Mr.€Williams€were€talking€about€committing€a€robbery.Ð œì ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€said€that€he€had€a€.38€caliber€pistol€with€him€that€he€had€gotten€from€Mr.Ð tÄ ÐWilliams€and€that€the€victim€also€was€carrying€a€gun.€€He€said€that€they€went€to€Mr.€Landððs€houseÐ `° Ðto€rob€it€and€that€they€waited€in€the€bushes€behind€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€He€said€that€about€1:00€a.m.,Ð L œ Ðthey€got€hungry€and€went€to€the€Krystal.€€He€said€that€they€stayed€at€the€restaurant€about€forty„fiveÐ 8 ˆ Ðminutes.€€He€said€they€left€the€restaurant€and€parked€in€the€Side€Pockets€parking€lot.€€He€said€thatÐ $ t Ðthey€hid€in€the€bushes€ð ðto€scope€the€place€out€for€a€minute.ðð€€He€said€that€he€and€the€victim€walkedÐ  ` Ðthe€trail€to€Mr.€Landððs€house,€while€Mr.€Williams€remained€in€the€bushes.€€He€said€that€Mr.€JenkinsÐ ü L  Ðreturned€to€the€car.€€He€said€that€the€victim€left€to€return€to€the€Krystal€but€that€the€victim€did€notÐ è 8  Ðgive€him€a€gun.Ð Ô$  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€when€the€victim€returned€from€the€Krystal,€he€and€the€victimÐ ¬ü  Ðdecided€not€to€rob€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€He€said€that€he€and€the€victim€started€walking€side€by€sideÐ ˜è  Ðback€to€Mr.€Williamsðð€car.€€He€said€that€somebody€came€up€behind€them€and€fired€a€shot€and€thatÐ „Ô  Ðhe€ran€to€the€car.€€He€said€that€he€noticed€that€Mr.€Williams€was€behind€him.€€He€said€that€the€twoÐ pÀ Ðof€them€jumped€into€the€car€and€that€he€thought€Mr.€Williams€shot€the€victim.€€He€said€that€he,€Mr.Ð \¬ ÐWilliams,€and€Mr.€Jenkins€rode€around€and€looked€for€the€victim€and€that€they€went€back€to€Mr.Ð H˜ ÐWilliamsðð€house.€€€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€gave€him€the€keys€to€the€victimððs€Blazer€and€that€heÐ 4„ Ðdrove€the€Blazer€home€about€3:00€a.m.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Jenkins€stayed€with€Mr.€Williams.Ð  p ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€later€that€morning,€Mr.€Williams€brought€Mr.€Jenkins€over€to€hisÐ øH Ðhouse.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€told€him€to€kill€Mr.€Jenkins.€€The€defendant€said€that€he€took€Mr.Ð ä4 ÐJenkins€to€Clarksville€and€that€they€went€to€Kaya€Reevesðð€house.€€He€said€that€he€told€Ms.€ReevesÐ Ð  Ðthe€victim€was€in€jail€and€that€he€took€the€victimððs€clothes.€€He€said€that€he€took€Mr.€Jenkins€homeÐ ¼  Ðand€that€he€returned€to€Chattanooga.€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€acknowledged€that€he€lied€when€he€gave€his€taped€statement€to€attorneyÐ €Ð ÐRussell€Bean.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€threatened€to€kill€him€if€he€said€anything€about€Mr.Ð l¼ ÐWilliams.€€He€said€that€he€lied€to€Officer€Phillips€on€April€10,€1997,€because€he€was€afraid€that€Mr.Ð X ¨ ÐWilliams€would€hurt€him.€€The€defendant€denied€shooting€the€victim€or€taking€anything€from€him.€Ð D!” ÐHe€said€that€he€and€the€victim€were€in€the€Hamilton€County€Jail€after€the€shooting€and€that€the€victimÐ 0"€  Ðcame€to€his€cell€and€said,€ð ðIððm€going€to€get€you€and€I€put€that€on€everything€I€love.ððÐ #l! ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€acknowledged€that€he€was€lying€when€he€said€he€ownedÐ ô$D # Ðthe€Blazer.€€He€said€that€in€the€photograph€the€police€took€on€April€23,€1997,€the€only€itemsÐ à%0!$ Ðbelonging€to€the€victim€that€he€wore€were€the€victimððs€tennis€shoes.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Williams€wasÐ Ì&"% Ðjealous€that€the€defendant€was€hanging€around€the€victim.Ð ¸'#& ÐÌÐ  )à$( ÐÓ  Óò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óÐ ° ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€his€convictions€forÐ ˆØ Ðattempted€first€degree€murder€and€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€The€state€argues€that€the€evidenceÐ tÄ Ðis€sufficient.€€We€agree€with€the€state.Ð `° ÐÌà  àOur€standard€of€review€when€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€is€questioned€on€appeal€isÐ 8 ˆ Ðð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trierÐ $ t Ðof€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJacksonÐ  ` Ðv.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979).€€We€do€not€reweigh€the€evidence€butÐ ü L  Ðpresume€that€the€jury€has€resolved€all€conflicts€in€the€testimony€and€drawn€all€reasonable€inferencesÐ è 8  Ðfrom€the€evidence€in€favor€of€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Sheffieldóó,€676€S.W.2d€542,€547€(Tenn.€1984);Ð Ô$  ÐòòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Questions€about€witness€credibility€wereÐ À  Ðresolved€by€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€651,€659€(Tenn.€1997).Ð ¬ü  Ðà  àÌà  àCriminal€attempt€requires€that€one€act€ð ðwith€the€kind€of€culpability€otherwise€required€forÐ „Ô  Ðthe€offense€.€.€.€[and]€with€intent€to€cause€a€result€that€is€an€element€of€the€offense,€and€believes€theÐ pÀ Ðconduct€will€cause€the€result€without€further€conduct€on€the€personððs€part.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ \¬ Ð39-12-101(a)(2).€€First€degree€murder€is€the€ð ðpremeditated€and€intentional€killing€of€another[.]ðð€Ð H˜ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39-13-202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€is€defined€as:Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àan€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment.€Ð  \ Ðð ðPremeditationðð€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formedÐ øH Ðprior€to€the€act€itself.€€It€is€not€necessary€that€the€purpose€to€killÐ ä4 Ðpre-exist€in€the€mind€of€the€accused€for€any€definite€period€of€time.€Ð Ð  ÐThe€mental€state€of€the€accused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedlyÐ ¼  Ðdecided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€in€order€to€determineÐ ¨ø Ðwhether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€andÐ ”ä Ðpassion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.€Ð€Ð` x` x ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39-13-202(d).€€The€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€for€the€jury€and€mayÐ X ¨ Ðbe€established€by€proof€of€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€killing.€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2d€atÐ D!” Ð660.€€Our€supreme€court€has€delineated€the€following€factors€that€demonstrate€the€existence€ofÐ 0"€  Ðpremeditation:€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€particular€cruelty€of€theÐ #l! Ðkilling,€declarations€by€the€defendant€of€an€intent€to€kill,€evidence€of€procurement€of€a€weapon,Ð $X" Ðpreparations€before€the€killing€for€concealment€of€the€crime,€and€calmness€immediately€after€theÐ ô$D # Ðkilling.€€òòId.óóÐ à%0!$ ÐÌà  àEspecially€aggravated€robbery€is€defined€as€robbery€that€is€ð ð(1)€[a]ccomplished€with€a€deadlyÐ ¸'#& Ðweapon;€and€(2)€[w]here€the€victim€suffers€serious€bodily€injury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39-13-403(a).€Ð ¤(ô#' ÐA€deadly€weapon€is€defined€as€ð ð[a]nything€that€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€is€capableÐ )à$( Ðof€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury[.]ðð€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39-11-106(a)(5)(B).Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  à€Viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€evidence€reveals€that€the€defendantÐ ° Ðcommitted€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€attempted€to€commit€first€degree€murder.€€The€victimÐ œì Ðwas€shot€as€he€walked€with€the€defendant€and€Mr.€Williams€to€Mr.€Landððs€house.€€Mr.€Williams€wasÐ ˆØ Ðwalking€ahead€of€the€victim,€and€the€defendant€was€walking€behind€the€victim,€when€the€victim€lostÐ tÄ Ðconsciousness.€€When€the€victim€awoke,€he€heard€a€loud€ringing€in€his€ears€and€could€not€walkÐ `° Ðwithout€falling€over.€€He€touched€the€back€of€his€head,€felt€blood€and€a€hole,€and€realized€that€he€hadÐ L œ Ðbeen€shot.€€The€victimððs€gun,€beeper,€jewelry,€car€keys,€and€money€were€missing.€€The€defendant,Ð 8 ˆ Ðwho€was€carrying€a€gun€when€the€victim€was€shot,€told€Mr.€Williams€and€Ronnie€Bennett€that€heÐ $ t Ðshot€the€victim.€€Furthermore,€the€defendant€lied€to€the€victimððs€girlfriend€in€order€to€obtain€theÐ  ` Ðvictimððs€clothing€and€told€several€witnesses€that€he€bought€the€Blazer€from€the€victim.€€TheÐ ü L  Ðdefendant€wore€the€victimððs€clothes€and€drove€the€victimððs€Blazer€in€the€days€after€the€shooting.€Ð è 8  ÐAlthough€the€defendant€argues€that€some€of€the€stateððs€witnesses€were€not€credible,€the€credibilityÐ Ô$  Ðof€the€witnesses€and€the€weight€to€be€given€to€their€testimony€are€issues€to€be€resolved€by€the€trierÐ À  Ðof€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€The€juryÐ ¬ü  Ðchose€to€believe€the€testimony€of€other€witnesses€over€that€of€the€defendant,€and€that€is€itsÐ ˜è  Ðprerogative.€€òòId.óó€€We€believe€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€convictions.Ð „Ô  ÐÌÓ  Óò òII.€€EXCITED€UTTERANCE€TESTIMONYó óÐ \¬ ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€admitting€hearsay€testimony€intoÐ 4„ Ðevidence.€€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€allowed€Jennifer€Ellis€to€testify€that€the€victimÐ  p Ðstated,€ð ðPatti€Boo€done€shot€me.ðð€€Although€the€trial€court€found€that€the€statement€was€admissibleÐ  \ Ðunder€the€excited€utterance€exception€to€the€hearsay€rule,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€excitedÐ øH Ðutterance€exception€does€not€apply€because€the€victim€had€time€to€reflect€on€his€injury€and€had€noÐ ä4 Ðmemory€of€being€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head.€€The€state€argues€that€the€testimony€was€admissible.€Ð Ð  ÐWe€agree€with€the€state.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àThree€requirements€must€be€met€for€a€hearsay€statement€to€be€admissible€as€an€excitedÐ ”ä Ðutterance:€(1)€there€must€be€a€startling€event€or€condition;€(2)€the€statement€must€relate€to€theÐ €Ð Ðstartling€event€or€condition;€and€(3)€the€statement€must€be€made€while€the€declarant€is€under€theÐ l¼ Ðstress€or€excitement€from€the€event€or€condition.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(2);€òòState€v.€Gordonóó,€952Ð X ¨ ÐS.W.2d€817,€820€(Tenn.€1997).€€The€ð ðultimate€testðð€for€determining€the€admissibility€of€an€excitedÐ D!” Ðutterance€is€ð ðspontaneity€and€logical€relation€to€the€main€event€and€where€an€act€or€declarationÐ 0"€  Ðsprings€out€of€the€transaction€while€the€parties€are€still€laboring€under€the€excitement€and€strain€ofÐ #l! Ðthe€circumstances€and€at€a€time€so€near€it€as€to€preclude€the€idea€of€deliberation€and€fabrication.ðð€Ð $X" ÐòòState€v.€Smithóó,€857€S.W.2d€1,€9€(Tenn.€1993).€€Other€relevant€considerations€include:€(1)€the€timeÐ ô$D # Ðinterval€between€the€startling€event€and€the€statement;€(2)€the€nature€and€seriousness€of€the€condition;Ð à%0!$ Ð(3)€the€appearance,€behavior,€outlook,€and€circumstances€of€the€declarant,€including€characteristicsÐ Ì&"% Ðsuch€as€age,€physical€condition,€and€mental€condition;€and€(4)€the€contents€of€the€statement,€whichÐ ¸'#& Ðmay€indicate€the€presence€or€absence€of€stress.€€òòGordonóó,€952€S.W.2d€at€820.€€The€rationale€behindÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€excited€utterance€exception€is€that€the€hearsay€statement€is€reliable€because€it€is€made€when€timeÐ )à$( Ðâ âfor€reflection€and€possible€fabrication€are€lacking€and€memory€of€the€event€is€still€fresh€in€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðdeclarantððs€mind.€€òòId.óó€at€819-20€(citing€Neil€P.€Cohen€et€al.,€òòTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceóó,€ðð€803(2).1,Ð ° Ðat€532€(3d€ed.€1995)).Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àWe€believe€that€being€shot€in€the€back€of€the€head€and€the€victimððs€discovery€of€that€fact€areÐ tÄ Ðstartling€events€and€that€the€statement€ð ðPatti€Boo€done€shot€meðð€relates€to€those€events.€€It€is€alsoÐ `° Ðreasonable€to€conclude€from€the€evidence€that€the€victim€was€still€under€the€stress€and€excitementÐ L œ Ðof€being€shot€when€he€made€the€statement.€€The€evidence€shows€that€the€defendant€shot€the€victimÐ 8 ˆ Ðat€4:00€a.m.€and€that€the€victim€awoke€about€two€hours€later.€€The€victim€touched€the€back€of€hisÐ $ t Ðhead,€felt€blood€and€a€hole,€and€immediately€began€crawling€for€help.€€At€6:30€a.m.,€he€fell€into€theÐ  ` ÐGolden€Gallon€and€made€the€statement€at€issue.€€We€do€not€believe€the€time€interval€is€so€great€thatÐ ü L  Ðthe€victim€could€not€have€been€under€stress€from€the€shooting.€€The€defendant€argues€that€theÐ è 8  Ðvictimððs€statement€was€inadmissible€because€the€victim€made€the€statement€after€he€had€time€toÐ Ô$  Ðreflect€and€because€the€startling€event€was€not€fresh€in€his€mind.€€However,€the€time€interval€is€justÐ À  Ðone€factor€to€consider€in€an€excited€utterance€analysis.€€In€addition,€the€victim€testified€at€trial€thatÐ ¬ü  Ðhe€remembered€walking€the€trail€to€Mr.€Landððs€house€and€that€Mr.€Williams€was€in€front€of€him€andÐ ˜è  Ðthe€defendant€was€behind€him.€€Thus,€the€victim€remembered€the€events€and€moments€leading€upÐ „Ô  Ðto€the€shooting,€and€he€reasonably€believed€that€the€defendant€shot€him.€We€conclude€that€theÐ pÀ Ðvictimððs€statement€was€properly€admitted€by€the€trial€court.€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àBased€upon€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€conviction.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àÌà  àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE