ÿWPChC …# VU:a %› 0D¡w@å4% 9 0ˆH 0DÐ 0J 0T^ 0^² 0h 0rx 0|ê 0†f 0ì 1u| 0dñ BUU$*rB)œDCÅ AMUØi D3A't4› 0@Ï>NM°›ºK] eb!Ç'RÏ'Ê!)ë* ˆ,Ù“0ùl4 e6v~r:vÓð; AOÃAÆB 0DØB D/C BKC˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(ñÄ$¡¡Ò€°ÒÒX°Ò — D˜U™DšD›œžÀÃÄÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|xÍ(8(3Åå$¤¤Ý ƒñÄ!ÝÒ€°ÒÒX°ÒÝ  Ýà Ø àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô  ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d%%%%7Border 1dd€-&Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÔ€$ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€$XÔÌÌDecemberÏ12,Ï1997ÌÌCecilÏW.ÏCrowsonÌAppellateÏCourtÏClerkÔ  Ôó ó ÎÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔThe€appellant€was€sentenced€as€a€Child€Rapist€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„523(b).€€That€provision€requires€him€to€serve€the€entire€forty€four€(44)€year€sentence€undiminished€byÏany€sentence€reduction€credits€he€may€otherwise€be€eligible€to€receive.€€€€€€Ì'ÿÿdxd Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔThe€State€entered€òònolle€prosequióó€as€to€counts€one€and€two€of€the€four€count€indictment.€Ì *Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔDue€to€the€young€age€of€the€victim€and€the€nature€of€the€offenses,€we€identify€the€victim€byÏinitials€only.Ì("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò 4Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔS.H.ððs€natural€father€moved€to€Ohio€after€the€divorce€and€continued€to€live€there€when€the€rapeÏoffenses€occurred.Ì DÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔAccording€to€the€testimony€of€Connie€Parsons,€the€appellant€had€a€fantasy€about€having€sexualÏrelations€with€two€women€at€the€same€time.€€Ms.€Parsons€told€S.H.€that€if€she€did€not€agree€to€have€sexÏwith€the€appellant€on€his€birthday,€then€he€would€pursue€his€sexual€fantasies€with€Ms.€Parsonsðð€sister,ÏMolly€Parsons.€€The€appellant€and€Molly€Parsons€were€formally€married€to€each€other€and€had€twoÏchildren.€€Molly€Parsons€testified€at€trial€that€the€appellant€never€talked€to€her€about€wanting€to€have€sexÏwith€two€women€at€once.€€She€further€testified€that€she€and€the€appellant€never€engaged€in€sexualÏintercourse€after€their€divorce.€€€€€Ì ¦Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔThe€facts€surrounding€that€sexual€encounter€are€truly€deplorable.€€According€to€S.H.,€she€andÏher€mother€got€undressed€together€with€the€appellant€in€the€living€room€of€their€apartment.€€TheÏappellant€proceeded€to€have€oral€sex€and€vaginal€intercourse€with€Ms.€Parsons€apparently€to€show€S.H.Ïhow€to€do€it.€€S.H.€testified€that€the€appellant€next€tried€to€have€vaginal€intercourse€with€her.€€HeÏsearched€the€apartment€for€Vaseline€and€penetrated€S.H.ððs€vagina€with€his€fingers€to€facilitate€the€sexualÏintercourse.€€S.H.€struggled€against€the€appellant€and€continuously€resisted€his€attempts€to€penetrateÏher€vagina€with€his€penis.€€Nevertheless,€she€admitted€that€he€almost€fully€entered€her€vagina€before€sheÏran€away€to€the€bathroom.€€€€Ì °Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔMs.€Ross€explained€that€when€she€examines€a€child,€she€uses€the€face€of€a€clock€as€aÏmeasurement€for€any€vaginal€injury.€€In€this€case,€her€examination€of€S.H.€revealed€that€S.H.€is€missingÏhymenal€tissue€equal€to€the€space€between€6:30€and€7:30€on€a€clock.€€She€opined€that€the€gap€isÏconsistent€with€non„accidental€penetration€of€an€object€in€the€shape€of€an€adult€penis.€€She€furtherÏexplained€that€the€insertion€and€use€of€a€tampon€would€not€cause€that€degree€of€gap€in€the€hymenalÏtissue.€€€€Ì SÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔDoctor€Saraswat›€obtained€her€medical€degree€in€India€before€moving€to€œMurfreesboro›,ÏTennessee€where€she€currently€practices€as€a€pediatrician.€€€Ì [Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔThe€appellant€also€relied€on€the€testimony€of€two€other€witnesses€in€his€defense.€€There€wasÏtestimony€from€Doctor€Thomas€Murphy,€a€Ph.D.€in€clinical€psychology,€concerning€a€variety€ofÏpsychological€tests€and€evaluations€that€he€had€conducted€on€the€appellant.€€According€to€DoctorÏMurphy,€the€appellant€suffered€from€a€borderline€personality€disorder€due€to€his€chronic€pattern€ofÏinstability€in€interpersonal€relationships,€his€chronic€impulsiveness,€his€alcohol€abuse,€his€low€selfÏesteem,€and€his€broad€mood€ranges.€€Doctor€Murphy€opined€that€the€appellant€is€constantly€dependentÏon€affection€and€attention€from€females;€however,€he€concluded€that€the€appellant€is€not€a€pedophile.€Ïà àThere€was€also€testimony€from€Laura€Williams,€a€lieutenant€detective€with€the€Smyrna€PoliceÏDepartment.€€Detective€Williams€testified€that€she€drove€from€Smyrna,€Tennessee€to€pick€up€theÏappellant€and€Connie€Parsons€after€they€had€been€apprehended€in€Clarksville›.€€During€the€drive€back€toÏSmyrna,€Detective€Williams€observed€the€couplesðð€demeanor€in€the€patrol€car€and€she€indicated€that€theyÏappeared€relaxed€and€very€affectionate€towards€each€other.€€Detective€Williams€also€testified€concerningÏpretrial€statements€given€by€Ms.€Parsons€and€S.H..€€She€indicated€that€Ms.€Parsonsðð€final€statement,Ïdescribing€the€sexual€encounters€between€the€appellant€and€S.H.,€was€consistent€with€the€informationÏprovided€by€S.H..€€€€€€€€€€€€Ì HÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔIn€a€separate€proceeding,€Connie€Parsons€pled€guilty€to€two€counts€of€criminal€responsibilityÏfor€the€facilitation€of€rape€of€a€child.€€€Ì ÀÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔUnder€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„13„202€(1997),€an€indictment€must€state€theÏcharged€offenses€in€ordinary€and€concise€language€that€will€provide€the€accused€with€a€commonÏunderstanding€and€will€enable€the€trial€court€to€enter€a€proper€judgment.€€€€Ì “Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔCounsel€also€asked€if€any€of€the€prospective€jurors€felt€strongly€about€or€had€any€comments€toÏmake€regarding€the€prior€questions€he€had€asked€them€during€voir€dire.€€Once€again,€Ms.€McInturff›Ïremained€silent.€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔJuror€disqualifications€are€based€upon€either€òòpropter€defectumóó€or€òòpropter€affectumóó.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Furloughóó,€797€S.W.2d€631,€652€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€òòPropter€defectumóó€disqualificationsÏpertain€to€general€relationships€including€familial€ties€between€a€juror€and€a€party€or€witness€at€trial.€€òòSeeóóÏòòid.óó€€Those€disqualifications€must€be€made€before€the€jury€renders€a€verdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€òòPropter€affectumóóÏdisqualifications,€however,€are€based€upon€a€jurorððs€bias€or€partiality€towards€a€particular€party€or€witnessÏat€trial.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€Those€disqualifications€may€be€raised€after€the€jury€returns€its€verdict.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€In€thisÏcase,€the€appellantððs€challenge€is€òòpropter€affectumóó€because€he€contends€that€a€juror€was€biased€againstÏhim.€€€€Ì ÏÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔThe€State€contends€that€enhancer›€(5)€should€also€apply€to€the€appellantððs€sentences.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(5)€(Supp.€1996).€€œEnhancer›€(5)€applies€in€cases€where€the€defendant€treats€orÏallows€the€victim€to€be€treated€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€œoffense.€€In€thisÏcase,€we€find€that€the€appellant€treated€S.H.€with€exceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€theÏsexual€offenses.€€The€evidence€shows€that€after€the€appellant€had€rectal€intercourse€with€S.H.,€heÏrequired€her€to€watch€and€participate€as€he€engaged€in€vaginal€intercourse€with€S.H.ððs€mother.€€ThatÏevidence€supports€the€application€of€Enhancer€(5).€€The€State,€however,€has€not€requested€this€Court€toÏincrease€appellantððs€sentences€upon€applying€Enhancer€(5).€€›€€€€€€Ì ïÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔThe€trial€court€relied€on€the€appellantððs€relationship€with€S.H.€to€enhance€his€sentences€underÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„114€(15)€(Supp›.€1995).€€The€trial€court€further€relied€on€thatÏrelationship€to€order€consecutive€sentences€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(5).€€€Ì Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€$ôÔòòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Franklinóó,€919€S.W.2d€362,€366„67€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòper.€app.€deniedóóÏ(Tenn.€1996)€(upholding€the€trial€courtððs€decision€to€enhance€appellantððs€sentences€and€to€imposeÏconsecutive€sentencing€based€upon€the€fact€that€appellant€committed€the€criminal€offenses€while€onÏprobation);€òòState€v.€Meeks›óó,€867€S.W.2d€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(upholding€the€use€of€appellantððs€priorÏcriminal€activity€both€to€enhance€his€sentences€and€to€require€consecutive€sentencing).€€òòState€v.€JamesÏA.€Hesteróó,€No.€œ01C01›„9410„CC„00352,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€May€17,€1995)€(holding€that€theÏuse€of€the€same€facts€both€to€enhance€sentences€and€to€impose€consecutive€sentences€does€notÏviolate€the€double€jeopardy€clause€of€either€the€Tennessee€Constitution€or€the€United€StatesÏConstitution).€ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€$ÔÒ € ÒÒ X ÒÝ  ÝÑ  ÑÑ € ÑÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ7€Ê©XXdædÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÙ€€ÙßR€'(&A1-j|` , `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà0 àà àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌà@ àAT€NASHVILLEÌÌà@ àJUNE€1997€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à01„C„01„9607„CC„00311Ìà àAppellee,à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœRUTHERFORD€COUNTY›Ìv.à àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€J.€S.€DANIELÌGAYLE€T.€PARSONS,€JR.à àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Rape€of€a€Child)Ìà àAppellant.à àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àœ›Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àà àà àà àÌ̛̜ÌòòFor€the€Appellantóóà àà àà àà àà àòòFor€the€AppelleeóóÌÌGuy€R.€œDotson›à àà àà àà àà àCharles€W.€œBurson›Ì102€South€Maple€Streetà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÌœMurfreesboro›,€TN.€37130Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àEugene€J.€œHonea›ÌJoe€M.€Brandon,€Jr.à àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ304„D€South€œLowry›€Streetà àà àà àà à450€James€Robertson€ParkwayÌœSmyrna›,€TN.€37167à àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN.€37243Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€C.€œWhitesell›,€Jr.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à303€Rutherford€Co.€Judicial€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœMurfreesboro›,€TN.€37130ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€W.€Price€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à303€Rutherford€Co.€Judicial€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àœMurfreesboro›,€TN.€37130à àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEÌÌÌÓÓà@ àò òOPINIONó óÌà àThe€appellant,€Gayle€T.€Parsons,€appeals€as€of€right€the€convictions€andÏsentences€he€received€in€the€Circuit€Court€of€Rutherford€County.€€In€1995,€he€wasÏindicted€by€a€grand€jury€on€four€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€in€violation€of€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€39„13„522€(Supp.€1995).€€After€a€trial€by€jury,€the€appellantÏwas€convicted€on€two€counts€of€rape€of€a€child€and€was€sentenced€as€a€child€rapist× ƒ) ××  ×Ïto€twenty€two€(22)€years€on€each€count.× ƒ+ ××  ×€€The€sentences€were€ordered€to€runÏconsecutive€to€each€other€for€a€total€effective€sentence€of€forty€four€(44)€years€in€theÍTennessee€Department€of€Correction.Ìà àThe€appellant€raises€four€issues€on€appeal.€€He€contends€that:€€(1)€TheÏindictment€was€defective€in€failing€to€include€the€requisite€mental€state€for€theÏoffenses€of€child€rape;€(2)€The€jury€received€extraneous€and€prejudicial€informationÏfrom€a€biased€juror€in€violation€of€his€right€to€a€fair€and€impartial€jury;€(3)€The€trialÏcourt€erred€in€allowing€the€testimony€of€a€registered€nurse€regarding€the€medicalÏcausation€of€the€victimððs€injuries;€and€(4)€The€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€to€aÏconsecutive€sentence€of€forty€four€(44)€years.€€€Ìà àAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ìà@ àò òFACTUAL€BACKGROUNDó óÌà àS.H.,× ƒ, ××  ×€the€victim€in€this€case,€was€ten€years€old€when€she€was€raped€by€theÏappellant.€€The€offenses€occurred€on€several€occasions€during€the€Fall€of€1993€whenÏS.H.€was€living€in€Smyrna,€Tennessee€with€her€mother,€her€little€sister,€and€theÏappellant.€€At€that€time,€her€mother,€Connie€Holmes€Parsons,€had€recently€divorcedÏS.H.ððs€natural€father,€Sherlock€Holmes,€and€had€begun€dating€the€appellant.× ƒ. ××  ×€€Ms.ÏParsons€eventually€married€the€appellant€on€February€4,€1994.Ìà àAccording€to€S.H.ððs€testimony€at€trial,€the€appellant€committed€the€first€act€ofÏrape€on€August€27,€1993,€the€date€of€appellantððs€birthday.€€S.H.€testified€that€duringÏthat€evening,€her€mother€took€her€into€the€bathroom€of€their€apartment€and€explainedÏthat€the€appellant€desired€to€have€sexual€relations€with€her.× ƒ/ ××  ×€€S.H.€expressed€that€sheÏdid€not€want€to€participate€in€any€sexual€acts;€however,€she€reluctantly€agreed€at€herÏmotherððs€request.€€Her€mother,€thereafter,€took€her€into€the€living€room€where€S.H.Ïand€the€appellant€removed€their€clothing€and€engaged€in€vaginal€intercourse.€€S.H.Ïtestified€that€the€appellant€was€unable€to€fully€penetrate€her€vagina€with€his€penis;Ïhowever,€she€explained€that€after€several€attempts,€he€forced€his€penis€inside€of€herÏwhich€caused€extensive€bleeding.× ƒ0 ××  ×€€Ìà àS.H.€testified€that€two€more€sexual€encounters€occurred€between€her€and€theÍappellant€during€the€months€following€the€appellantððs€birthday.€€The€secondÏencounter€occurred€almost€three€weeks€after€the€first.€€On€that€occasion,€the€appellantÏentered€S.H.ððs€bedroom€late€at€night€and€carried€her€back€to€the€bedroom€he€sharedÏwith€her€mother.€€With€Ms.€Parsons€watching,€S.H.€performed€oral€sex€on€theÏappellant€at€his€request.€€The€appellant€then€attempted€once€again€to€have€vaginalÏintercourse€with€S.H..€€When€he€was€unable€to€penetrate€her€vagina€with€his€penis,Ïhe€forced€her€to€have€rectal€intercourse€with€him.€€Ìà àThe€third€and€final€encounter€also€occurred€late€at€night€in€the€appellantððsÏbedroom.€€On€that€occasion,€S.H.€performed€oral€sex€on€the€appellant€before€heÏattempted€to€have€vaginal€intercourse€with€her.€€S.H.€testified€that€the€appellant€wasÏonce€again€unable€to€fully€penetrate€her€vagina€with€his€penis;€however,€she€statedÏthat€the€appellant€forced€her€to€have€rectal€intercourse.€€He€then€ordered€her€to€watchÏand€participate€in€sexual€activities€between€him€and€Ms.€Parsons.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àS.H.ððs€testimony€was€corroborated€by€the€testimony€of€her€mother,€ConnieÏParsons.€€Although€Ms.€Parsons€testified€that€the€sex€offenses€began€after€theÏappellantððs€birthday,€she€vividly€described€two€sexual€encounters€that€matched€theÏdescriptions€given€by€S.H..€€Ms.€Parsons€testified€that€during€the€two€encounters,€theÏappellant€would€become€violent€and€threaten€to€harm€her€if€she€did€not€allow€him€toÏhave€sex€with€S.H..€€On€the€first€encounter,€she€admitted€that€she€took€S.H.€into€theÏbathroom€and€asked€her€to€perform€sexual€acts€with€the€appellant.€€She€furtherÍadmitted€that€she€watched€as€the€appellant€engaged€in€vaginal€intercourse€with€S.H.Ïon€their€living€room€floor.Ìà àAs€to€the€second€encounter,€Ms.€Parsons€testified€that€she€entered€S.H.ððs€roomÏlate€at€night€and€took€her€to€the€appellantððs€bedroom.€€She€testified€that€S.H.Ïperformed€oral€sex€on€the€appellant€before€he€attempted€to€have€vaginal€intercourseÏwith€her.€€According€to€Ms.€Parsons,€the€appellant€was€unable€to€fully€penetrateÏS.H.ððs€vagina€with€his€penis;€however,€he€forced€her€to€have€rectal€intercourseÏinstead.€€He€then€ordered€S.H.€to€watch€and€participate€as€he€engaged€in€vaginalÏintercourse€with€Ms.€Parsons.Ìà àSue€Ross,€a€registered€nurse€with€the€ð ðOur€Kidsðð€child€care€center,€testifiedÏthat€on€November€8,€1994,€she€performed€a€medical€exam€on€S.H..€€Her€examinationÏrevealed€that€S.H.€had€a€tear€in€the€hymenal€tissue€of€her€vagina,€consistent€withÏpenetration€of€an€adult€penis.× ƒ1 ××  ×€€According€to€her€testimony,€S.H.€had€not€yet€enteredÏpuberty€at€the€time€of€the€examination.€€Ms.€Ross€opined€that€the€tear€in€S.H.ððs€vaginaÏwas€not€caused€by€accidental€penetration€or€natural€development.Ìà àAnother€medical€examiner,€Doctor€œSudha›€œSaraswat›,× ƒ2 ××  ×€testified€that€the€tear€inÏS.H.ððs€hymenal€tissue€might€have€been€a€result€of€natural€development.€€DoctorÏSaraswat€examined€S.H.€on€August€9,€1994,€and€found€that€she€was€missing€part€ofÏthe€hymenal€tissue€in€her€vagina€and€that€her€vaginal€opening€was€ten€(10)Ïmillimeters€in€diameter.€€Although€those€findings€were€consistent€with€the€findings€ofÏSue€Ross,€Doctor€Saraswat€opined€that€they€were€not€conclusive€of€sexual€abuse.€ÏInstead,€Doctor€Saraswat€testified€that€she€could€not€rule€out€the€possibility€of€S.H.ððsÏmedical€condition€being€attributed€to€her€natural€development.€Ìà àThe€appellant€testified€in€his€own€defense€that€he€had€never€engaged€in€anyÏsexual€activity€with€S.H..€€He€asserted€that€S.H.€had€made€up€the€allegations€of€rapeÏbecause€she€desired€to€live€with€her€natural€father€in€Ohio.€€To€support€his€theory,€heÏpresented€testimony€from€Kathy€Custer,€a€social€worker€with€the€TennesseeÏDepartment€of€Human€Services.€€Ms.€Custer€interviewed€S.H.€on€August€6,€1994,€inÏwhich€S.H.€discussed€her€sexual€encounters€with€the€appellant.€€According€to€Ms.ÏCuster,€S.H.€was€extremely€emotional€and€partially€confused€as€to€the€detailsÏsurrounding€the€sexual€offenses.€€However,€on€cross€examination,€Ms.€CusterÏadmitted€that€S.H.ððs€difficulties€were€normal€considering€the€degree€ofÍembarrassment€and€regret€that€she€experienced€during€the€interview.× ƒ4 ××  ×€€Ìà àFrom€the€above€evidence,€the€appellant€was€convicted€by€a€jury€on€two€countsÏof€rape€of€a€child€and€was€sentenced€to€consecutive€terms€of€twenty€two€(22)€yearsÏon€each€count.× ƒ6 ××  ×€€In€this€appeal,€he€challenges€both€his€convictions€and€sentences.€€à àà@ àò òANALYSISó óÌà àThe€appellant€first€challenges€the€validity€of€the€indictment€charging€him€withÏfour€counts€of€rape€of€a€child.€€He€contends€that€the€indictment€was€fatally€deficient€inÏfailing€to€include€the€requisite€òòmens€œrea›óó€for€the€child€rape€œoffenses.Ìà àThis›€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àThe€appellant€relies€on€this€Courtððs€opinion€in€òòState€v.€Roger€Dale€Hill,€Sr.óó,€No.Ïœ01C01›„9508„CC„00267€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€June€20,€1996),€to€assert€thatÏhis€indictment€was€defective.€€Our€supreme€court,€however,€has€recently€reversed€theÍdecision€in€that€case.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Roger€Dale€Hill,€Sr.óó,€No.€œ01S01›„9701„CC„0005Ï(Tenn.€at€Nashville,€November€3,€1997).€€The€Court€recognized€that€modern€statutoryÏcodes€serve€to€avoid€the€œhypertechnical›€nature€of€common€law€pleading.€€Therefore,Ïaccording€to€the€Court,€an€omission€of€the€òòmens€œrea›óó€element€from€an€offense€is€notÏalways€fatal€to€an€indictment.€€Slip€op.€at€5„6.€€The€Court€held€that€an€indictment€isÏlegally€sufficient€if:€€(1)€Its€language€satisfies€the€constitutional€requirement€of€noticeÏto€the€accused,€(2)€Its€form€meets€the€requirements€set€forth€in€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€40„13„202,× ƒ7 ××  ×€and€(3)€The€requisite€mental€state€can€be€logicallyÏinferred€from€the€alleged€criminal€conduct.€€Slip€op.€at€3.€€Ìà àIn€this€case,€counts€three€and€four€of€the€indictment€stated€in€pertinent€part:ÌÓÓà8 àà à[œO]n›€the€___€of€September,€1993,€approximately€two€weeks€afterÏthe€events€described€in€Count€I,€in€the€County€and€State€aforesaid,€andÏbefore€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€Gayle€Parsons€and€ConnieÏParsons,€Connie€Parsons€being€criminally€responsible€for€the€acts€ofÏGayle€Parsons€as€per€œT.C.A.›€39„11„402(2)€did€sexually€penetrate€[S.H.],Ïa€child€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€of€œT.C.A.›€39„13„522,€and€against€the€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.ÌÌà8 àà à[œO]n›€or€between€the€date(s)€of€Count€III€and€Christmas€of€1993,€inÏthe€County€and€State€aforesaid,€and€before€the€finding€of€thisÏindictment,€Gayle€Parsons€and€Connie€Parsons,€Connie€Parsons€beingÏcriminally€responsible€for€the€acts€of€Gayle€Parsons€as€per€œT.C.A.›€39„11„402(2)€did€sexually€penetrate€[S.H.],€a€child€less€than€thirteen€yearsÏof€age,€in€violation€of€œT.C.A.›€39„13„522,€and€against€the€peace€andÍdignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.€ÌÌÓÓà àWe€find€that€the€òòmens€œrea›óó€element€can€be€inferred€from€the€indictmentÏlanguage€charging€the€appellant€with€four€separate€counts€of€rape€of€a€child.€€TheÏindictment€sets€forth€the€statutory€provision€making€it€a€Class€A€Felony€for€anyone€toÏunlawfully€sexually€penetrate€a€victim,€if€œthe›€victim€is€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€ofÏage.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„522.€€Moreover,€the€indictment€states€the€factsÏconstituting€the€offenses€and€provides€the€appellant€with€sufficient€notice€of€theÏcharges€as€mandated€by€our€constitution.€€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€theÏindictment€is€valid.€€Ìà@ àò òII.ó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€he€was€deprived€of€a€fair€and€impartial€juryÏbecause€of€juror€misconduct€during€voir€dire.€€One€of€the€seated€jurors,€JoyceÏMcInturff,€admitted€during€jury€deliberations€that€her€father€had€sexually€assaultedÏher€when€she€was€a€child.€€During€voir€dire,€however,€she€remained€silent€and€didÏnot€disclose€any€information€pertaining€to€her€experience.€€The€appellant€argues€thatÏMs.€McInturffððs€conduct€exposed€the€jury€to€extraneous€and€prejudicial€information.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€Ïà àAlthough€we€find€that€Ms.€McInturff€should€have€disclosed€her€past€experienceÏduring€voir€dire,€we€find€no€evidence€that€she€was€biased€against€the€appellant€orÏthat€her€comments€exposed€the€jury€to€extraneous€or€prejudicial€information.Ìà àThe€right€to€trial€by€an€impartial€jury€is€a€cornerstone€of€our€criminal€justiceÍsystem.€€That€fundamental€right,€as€guaranteed€by€Article€I,€Section€9€of€theÏTennessee€Constitution€and€the€Sixth€Amendment€to€the€United€States€Constitution,Ïrequires€the€jury€be€free€of€even€a€reasonable€suspicion€of€bias€and€prejudice.€€òòSeeóóÏòòœHyatt›€v.€Stateóó,€430€œS.W.2d›€129,€130€(Tenn.€1967).€€The€appellant€bears€the€burden€ofÏproving€a€prima€facie€case€of€bias€and€impartiality€on€the€part€of€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Tayloróó,€669€S.W.2d€694,€700€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.Ï1984).€€€à àIn€this€case,€the€appellant€first€points€to€Ms.€McInturffððs€silence€duringÏvoir€dire€to€show€that€she€prejudiced€the€outcome€of€his€case.€à àDuring€voir€dire,Ïthe€assistant€district€attorney€general€asked€the€prospective€jurors€whether€anyone€inÏthe€group€had€a€family€member€or€close€friend€who€has€been€charged€with€rape€orÏsome€type€of€sexual€crime.€€Ms.€McInturff€did€not€respond€to€the€Stateððs€question.€€TheÏprosecutor€next€asked€whether€anyone€on€the€panel€had€been€close€to€a€victim,Ïincluding€a€friend€or€family€member,€who€has€been€sexually€abused€in€some€way.€ÏOne€juror€admitted€that€she€had€been€a€victim€of€a€rape€involving€a€male€friend.€ÏHowever,€Ms.€McInturff€remained€silent€and€provided€no€information€concerning€herÏpersonal€experience.× ƒ8 ××  ×€€She€was€thereafter€impaneled€as€a€juror€and€sheÏparticipated€in€the€deliberation€of€the€appellantððs€case.Ìà àAfter€conviction,€another€juror€informed€defense€counsel€about€Ms.€McInturffððsÍcomments€during€the€deliberations.€€Appellant€raised€a€òòpropter€affectumóó× ƒ9 ××  ×€challengeÏin€his€motion€for€a€new€trial,€arguing€that€Ms.€McInturffððs€silence€during€voir€dire€raisedÏa€presumption€of€bias€that€ultimately€prejudiced€the€outcome€of€his€case.€Ìà àThe€appellant€relies€on€our€supreme€courtððs€decision€in€òòState€v.€œAkins›óó,€867ÏS.W.2d€350,€355€(Tenn.€œCrim›.€œApp›.€1993).€€In€òòœAkins›óó,€the€Court€held€that€when€a€jurorÏwillfully€conceals€or€fails€to€disclose€information€on€voir€dire€which€reflects€on€theÏjurorððs€lack€of€impartiality,€a€presumption€of€prejudice€arises.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€€However,€thatÏpresumption€may€be€dispelled€in€cases€where€there€is€an€absence€of€actual€partialityÏon€the€part€of€the€juror.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€357.€€In€this€case,€we€find€that€any€presumption€ofÏbias€was€completely€dispelled€by€evidence€that€Ms.€McInturff€acted€impartially€andÏobjectively€as€a€member€of€the€jury.€€Ìà àAt€the€hearing€on€the€motion€for€a€new€trial,€Ms.€McInturff€testified€that€sheÏremained€silent€during€voir€dire€because€she€believed€her€objectivity€would€not€beÏcompromised€by€her€past€experience.€€She€further€explained€that€the€questionsÏduring€voir€dire€did€not€require€her€to€disclose€her€personal€experience.€€According€toÍher€testimony,€no€charges€had€ever€been€brought€against€her€father€for€the€sexualÏassault.€€Moreover,€she€indicated€that€she€had€resolved€the€experience€during€herÏchildhood€and€had€never€let€it€affect€her€adult€life.€€€€€Ìà àHer€testimony,€as€corroborated€by€two€other€jurors,€also€revealed€that€she€hadÏinitially€voted€to€acquit€the€appellant.€€The€jury€vote€was€nine€(9)€to€three€(3)€in€favorÏof€a€guilty€verdict€at€the€time€she€disclosed€her€past€experience.€€As€the€deliberationsÏcontinued,€the€nine€jurors€who€favored€a€guilty€verdict€began€questioning€Ms.ÏMcInturff€as€to€why€she€was€voting€for€an€acquittal.€€Ms.€McInturff€responded€that,€ð ðIÏam€trying€to€be€a€good€juror.€€Iððm€trying€to€weigh€all€of€the€arguments€in€the€case,€all€ofÏthe€evidence.ðð€€At€that€point,€she€confessed€that€she€had€been€abused€as€a€child€byÏher€father€and€that€she€could€relate€to€the€victim€in€this€case.€€However,€she€indicatedÏthat€despite€her€past€experience,€she€was€focused€on€reviewing€all€the€evidence€andÏdeciding€the€case€objectively.€€Ìà àTwo€other€jurors,€Faye€œHubbard›€and€Francis€œMuscatell›,€testified€that€theyÏobserved€Ms.€McInturffððs€confession€during€the€deliberations.€€According€to€theirÏtestimony,€Ms.€McInturff€was€among€the€three€jurors€in€favor€of€an€acquittal€at€the€timeÏshe€broke€down€and€revealed€her€past€experience.€€After€she€disclosed€her€personalÏexperience,€she€and€the€other€jurors€continued€to€deliberate€for€another€two€hoursÏbefore€rendering€a€unanimous€verdict€to€convict€the€appellant.€€Ms.€œHubbard›€and€Mr.ÏœMuscatell›€both€testified€that€Ms.€McInturffððs€comments€did€not€bias€their€decision€toÍconvict€the€appellant.€€Furthermore,€based€upon€the€juryððs€discussion€of€the€evidenceÏduring€deliberation,€they€opined€that€every€juror€focused€closely€on€the€evidence€andÏremained€objective€in€rendering€the€verdict.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€à àÌà àFrom€that€evidence,€we€find€that€any€presumption€of€bias,€arising€from€Ms.ÏMcInturffððs€silence€during€voir€dire,€was€completely€dispelled€by€her€impartialityÏthroughout€the€case.€€Although€we€agree€that€Ms.€McInturff€should€have€disclosed€herÏpast€experience€during€voir€dire,€we€find€no€evidence€that€she€was€biased€againstÏthe€appellant€or€that€her€participation€as€a€juror€exposed€the€jury€to€any€extraneousÏinformation.€€To€the€contrary,€Ms.€McInturffððs€comments€about€her€past€experienceÏhad€absolutely€no€bearing€on€whether€the€appellant€committed€the€sexual€offensesÏagainst€S.H..€€In€light€of€the€overwhelming€evidence€against€the€appellant,€we€findÏthat€any€possible€prejudice€from€Ms.€œMcInturff›ððs€participation€as€a€juror€is€harmlessÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€Ìà àMoreover,€there€is€no€evidence€that€Ms.€McInturff€prejudiced€the€jury€againstÏthe€appellant.€€The€jury€vote€was€already€nine€(9)€to€three€(3)€in€favor€of€a€guiltyÏverdict€when€Ms.€McInturff€revealed€her€personal€experience.€€Ms.€McInturff€neverÏadvocated€or€suggested,€directly€or€indirectly,€that€the€appellant€should€be€convictedÏbecause€of€her€experience.€€Instead,€she€was€one€of€the€three€jurors€who€originallyÏvoted€to€acquit€the€appellant.€€The€record€demonstrates€that€she€and€the€other€jurorsÏtook€great€care€in€reviewing€the€evidence€objectively€and€rendering€a€fullyÍdeliberated€verdict€against€the€appellant.€€We,€therefore,€conclude€that€the€appellantÏhas€not€carried€his€burden€to€show€that€Ms.€McInturff€was€biased€or€impartial€or€thatÏher€presence€on€the€jury€prejudiced€the€outcome€of€his€case.€€€€€€ÌÌà@ àò òIII.ó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€testimonyÏof€a€registered€nurse€regarding€the€medical€causation€of€the€victimððs€injuries.€€HeÏargues€that€Sue€Ross,€a€registered€nurse,€was€not€qualified€to€testify€as€an€expert€Ïunder€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence.€€Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àRule€702€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Evidence€provides€that,€ð ð[œi]f›€scientific,Ïtechnical,€or€other€specialized€knowledge€will€substantially€assist€the€trier€of€fact€toÏunderstand€the€evidence€or€to€determine€a€fact€in€issue,€a€witness€qualified€as€anÏexpert€by€knowledge,€skill,€experience,€training,€or€education€may€testify€in€the€formÏof€an€opinion€or€otherwise.ðð€€To€qualify€as€an€expert,€a€witness€must€have€experienceÏor€education€within€an€area€of€knowledge€or€expertise€beyond€the€scope€of€commonÏknowledge.€€òòSeeóó€òòœKinley›€v.€Tennessee€State€Mutual€Insurance€Co.,€Inc.óó,€620€S.W.2dÏ79,€81€(Tenn.€1981).Ìà àIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€found€that€Sue€Ross€was€a€licensed€registeredÏnurse€€€who€has€a€Master€of€Science€degree€in€Nursing€from€œVanderbilt›€UniversityÍand€a€Bachelor€of€Science€degree€in€Nursing€from€the€University€of€Tennessee€atÏMemphis.€€Additionally,€Ms.€Ross€has€qualified€in€prior€cases€as€an€expert€in€her€fieldÏof€pediatric€nursing€and€she€had€examined€S.H.€through€her€work€as€a€NurseÏPractitioner€at€the€ð ðOur€Kidsðð€child€care€clinic.€€From€that€evidence,€the€trial€courtÏconcluded€that€Ms.€Ross€was€qualified€as€an€expert€to€testify€about€S.H.ððs€injuries.Ìà àThe€trial€court€has€broad€discretion€in€determining€the€admissibility€of€expertÏtestimony.€€òòSeeóó€òòOtis€v.€Cambridge€Mutual€Fire€Insurance€Co.óó,€850€S.W.2d€439,€443Ï(Tenn.€1992).€€When€the€trial€court€concludes€that€a€witness€qualifies€as€an€expertÏand€the€witness€testifies€within€the€scope€of€her€expertise,€then€the€trial€courtððsÏdecision€will€not€be€overturned€absent€an€abuse€of€discretion.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œRhoden›óó,Ï739€S.W.2d€6,€13€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987),€òòper.€app.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1987).€€Ìà àWe€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€allowing€Ms.€Ross€toÏtestify€concerning€S.H.ððs€injuries.€€Ms.€Ross€performed€a€physical€examination€of€S.H.Ïand€found€that€she€had€a€tear€in€the€hymenal€tissue€of€her€vagina.€€Based€upon€thatÏfinding,€Ms.€Ross€opined€that€the€tear€was€consistent€with€non„accidental€penetrationÏfrom€an€object€in€the€shape€of€an€adult€penis.€€Her€testimony€was€clearly€within€theÏscope€of€her€expertise€as€a€licensed€pediatric€nurse.€€Therefore,€the€trial€courtÏproperly€admitted€her€testimony€into€evidence.Ìà@ àò òIV.ó óÌà àThe€appellant€next€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€to€Íconsecutive€twenty€two€(22)€year€sentences€on€the€two€counts€of€rape€of€a€child.€€HeÏargues€that€the€trial€court€improperly€relied€on€the€same€enhancement€factors€both€toÏincrease€his€sentences€and€to€order€them€to€run€consecutively.Ìà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ìà àWhen€an€appellant€complains€of€his€sentence,€we€must€conduct€a€òòde€novoóóÏreview€of€the€record.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(Supp.€1995).€€TheÏsentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€accompanied€by€a€presumption€of€correctnessÏand€the€appealing€party€carries€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401€(Sentencing€Commission€Comments).€€TheÏpresumption,€however,€is€conditioned€upon€an€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€thatÏthe€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œAshby›óó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€ÌÓÓà àÓÓIn€this€case,€the€trial€court€considered€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€theÏtotality€of€the€evidence€before€sentencing€appellant€to€twenty€two€years€on€eachÏcount€of€rape€of€a€child.€€The€trial€court€applied€the€following€enhancement€factors:€Ï(1)€The€appellant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior;Ï(2)€The€appellant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€the€offenses€involving€two€orÏmore€criminal€actors;€(7)€The€offenses€involved€a€victim€and€were€committed€to€gratifyÏthe€appellantððs€desire€for€pleasure€and€excitement;€(8)€The€appellant€has€a€previousÏhistory€of€unwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involvingÍcommunity€release;€and€(15)€The€appellant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust€thatÏsignificantly€facilitated€the€commission€of€the€offenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114Ï(1),€(2),€(7),€(8),€and€(15)€(Supp.€1995).œ× ƒ: ××  ×›€€The€trial€court€did€not€find€any€mitigatingÏfactors.€€Ìà àThe€appellant€does€not€challenge€the€application€of€the€five€enhancementÏfactors€to€his€sentences.€€He€contends€instead€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€relying€onÏthe€same€œenhancers›€both€to€increase€his€sentences€and€to€order€consecutiveÏsentencing.€à àÌà àOn€the€issue€of€consecutive€sentencing,€the€trial€court€relied€on€TennesseeÏCode€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(5),€which€states€that:€€ÌÓÓà8 àThe€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€the€court€finds€byÏa€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that:€(5)€The€defendant€is€convicted€ofÏtwo€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minorÏwith€consideration€of€the€aggravating€circumstances€arising€from€theÏrelationship€between€the€defendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€spanÏof€defendantððs€undetected€sexual€activity,€the€nature€and€scope€of€theÏsexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,€physical€and€mental€damageÏto€the€victim€or€victims.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌÓÓà àThe€trial€court€applied€the€above€language€and€found€that€the€appellant€had€aÍrelationship€with€the€victim€which€he€used€to€commit€the€multiple€sexual€offenses.€ÏFurthermore,€his€criminal€acts€against€the€victim€were€particularly€heinous€and€were€Ïundetected€for€an€extended€period€of€time.€€The€trial€court,€therefore,€orderedÏappellantððs€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.€€€€Ìà àFrom€our€òòde€novoóó€review,€it€is€apparent€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏappellantððs€private€relationship€with€the€victim€both€to€enhance€his€sentences€and€toÏorder€consecutive€sentencing.× ƒ; ××  ×€€The€appellant€argues€that€the€trial€courtððsÏconsideration€was€improper;€however,€he€cites€no€authority€to€support€his€contention.€ÏOur€review€of€the€applicable€law€indicates€that€the€trial€court€had€ample€authority€toÏsupport€its€decision.× ƒ< ××  ×€€This€Court€has€previously€determined€that,€ð ð[œt]here›€is€noÏprohibition€in€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€against€using€the€same€facts€andÏcircumstances€both€to€enhance€sentences€under€applicable€enhancement€factorsÍand€to€require€those€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.ðð€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œMeeks›óó,Ï867€S.W.2d€361,€377€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€We,€therefore,€conclude€that€the€trialÏcourt€properly€considered€appellantððs€relationship€with€the€victim€both€to€enhance€hisÏsentences€and€to€impose€consecutive€sentencing.Ìà àFurthermore,€our€òòde€novoóó€review€reveals€that€the€length€and€consecutiveÏnature€of€appellantððs€sentences€are€supported€by€separate€facts.€€The€appellant€hasÏa€prior€history€of€criminal€behavior,€he€was€the€leader€in€committing€the€sexualÏoffenses,€he€committed€the€offenses€against€the€victim€to€obtain€personal€pleasureÏand€excitement,€and€he€has€demonstrated€an€unwillingness€to€comply€withÏconditions€of€community€release.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114€(1),€(2),€(7),€and€(8).€ÏMoreover,€the€record€reflects€that€the€appellant€manipulated€his€private€relationshipÏwith€the€victim€to€commit€the€sexual€offenses€over€an€extended€period€of€time.€€ThoseÏundisputed€factors€support€the€consecutive,€twenty€two€(22)€year€sentences€on€eachÏcount€of€rape€of€a€child.€€€€€€€Ìà àAdditionally,€we€find€that€appellantððs€consecutive€sentences€reasonably€relateÏto€the€severity€of€his€crimes€and€serve€to€protect€the€public€from€his€possible€futureÏcriminal€activity.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€œWilkerson›óó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938„39€(Tenn.€1995).€€TheÏrecord€reveals€that€the€appellant€has€a€history€of€criminal€behavior€that€has€not€beenÏrehabilitated,€but€instead,€has€become€increasingly€more€severe€throughout€his€life.€ÏIn€this€case,€his€acts€of€rape€and€manipulation€against€a€helpless,€young€victim€wereÍextremely€heinous€and€reflect€a€need€to€protect€society€from€his€future€criminalÏbehavior.Ìà àBased€upon€the€foregoing,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ìà àÌà àà àà àÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________à àà àà àà àà àà àà àWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€JUDGEà àà àÌÌ̛̜ÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJOE€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€œWOODALL›,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ