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àAssigned€on€Briefs€August€12,€2003Ð öF ÐÔ‡X…ÒX»¼ÇÔÌò òÔ#†¼Ç»XX…Ò?#ÔDEDRICK€PATTON€v.€STATE€OF€TENNESSEEÔ‡X…ÒX»¼ÇÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Rutherford€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€F„52458€€€€€€James€K.€Clayton,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2003„00126„CCA„R3„PC€„€Filed€December€23,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€Dedrick€Patton,€appeals€from€the€denial€of€his€petition€for€post„conviction€relief.€€TheÐ V¦  Ðissues€presented€for€review€are€as€follows:€(1)€€whether€he€was€denied€the€effective€assistance€ofÐ ? Ðcounsel;€(2)€whether€he€knowingly€and€voluntarily€entered€his€plea€of€guilt;€(3)€€whether€a€sufficientÐ (x Ðfactual€basis€was€entered€to€support€the€plea;€(4)€€whether€there€was€a€violation€of€the€right€to€dueÐ a Ðprocess;€and€(5)€whether€there€was€a€racially€biased€grand€jury.€€The€judgment€is€reversed,€theÐ úJ Ðconviction€set€aside,€and€the€cause€remanded€for€trial.€€Ð ã3 ÐÓÒÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€Reversed€and€RemandedÐ µ Ðó óÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Ç»àX…Ò©#ÔÔ‡X…ÒX.¼ÇÔGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJerry€L.Ð ˆØ ÐSmith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð qÁ Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌDedrick€Patton,€Henning,€Tennessee,€pro€se.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ׀РC“ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Kim€R.€Helper,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð e ÐWilliam€C.€Whitesell,€District€Attorney€General;€and€John€W.€Price,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ þN ÐGeneral,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ç 7  ÐÓþÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Ç»XX…Ò-#ÔÔ‡X…ÒX»¼ÇÔÐ ¹" " ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼Ç»XX…Ò #ÔÔ‡X…ÒX»¼ÇÔÓ  Óà  àIn€2001,€the€petitioner€Ô#†¼Ç»XX…Òr #ÔÔ€X…ÒX»¼ÇÔentered€a€plea€of€guilt€to€one€count€of€possession€with€intent€to€sellÐ Œ$Ü$ Ðless€than€.5€grams€of€cocaine.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„417.€€Although€the€state€asserted€thatÐ u%Å % Ðthe€petitioner€was€a€Range€II€offender,€the€plea€agreement€provided€for€a€Range€I€sentence€of€fourÐ ^&®!& Ðyears.€€On€April€25,€2002,€the€petitioner€filed€a€petition€for€post„conviction€relief€alleging,€amongÐ G'—"' Ðother€things,€that€he€was€denied€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel€and€that€the€guilty€plea€wasÐ 0(€#( Ðneither€knowingly€nor€voluntarily€made.€€Ð )i$) ÐÐ *R%*ý` ÐÔ_Ôà  àAt€the€evidentiary€hearing,€the€petitioner€testified€that€he€had€served€approximately€eightÐ ° Ðmonths€of€his€four„year€sentence.€€He€claimed€that€he€was€on€"a€cocaine€binge"€after€being€arrestedÐ ™é Ðbecause€he€was€afraid€of€being€returned€to€prison€for€violating€his€parole.€€He€contended€thatÐ ‚Ò Ðbecause€he€had€used€cocaine€every€day€from€the€time€of€his€arrest€for€possession€until€the€nightÐ k» Ðbefore€his€guilty€plea,€he€"couldn't€think."€€The€petitioner€claimed€that€before€his€guilty€plea,€he€hadÐ T¤ Ðinformed€his€attorney€of€his€cocaine€use.€€He€remembered€that€he€had€taken€a€drug€screen€afterÐ =  Ðrequesting€a€few€more€days€on€release€before€reporting€to€serve€his€sentence.€€He€failed€the€test.€€ItÐ & v Ðwas€his€assertion€that€even€though€he€had€only€one€prior€felony€conviction,€his€trial€counselÐ  _ Ðerroneously€believed€he€qualified€for€a€Range€II€rather€than€a€Range€I€sentence€and,€in€consequence,Ð ø H Ðlost€bargaining€power€for€more€lenient€treatment€by€the€state.€€According€to€the€petitioner,€hisÐ á 1  Ðcounsel€informed€him€that€a€Range€II€sentence€would€have€qualified€him€for€a€12„€to€20„yearÐ Ê   Ðsentence.€€The€petitioner€insisted€that€had€he€known€that€he€qualified€as€Range€I,€he€would€not€haveÐ ³  Ðaccepted€the€proposed€plea€agreement€of€four€years,€even€at€the€Range€I€classification,€and€wouldÐ œì  Ðhave€insisted€on€a€trial.€€Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àThe€petitioner€also€alleged€that€his€trial€counsel€failed€to€timely€acquire€an€audiotape€whichÐ W§  Ðwas€in€the€possession€of€the€state€and€which,€according€to€trial€counsel,€recorded€the€drug€transactionÐ @ Ðbetween€the€petitioner€and€a€confidential€informant€and€led€to€the€charge€at€issue.€€WhileÐ )y Ðacknowledging€that€he€had€expressed€satisfaction€with€his€trial€counsel's€performance€at€theÐ b Ðsubmission€hearing,€the€petitioner€explained€that€he€had€changed€his€mind€after€discoveringÐ ûK Ðdeficiencies€in€the€performance€of€his€counsel.€€The€petitioner€claimed€to€be€€innocent€of€the€crimeÐ ä4 Ðand€contended€that€he€simply€had€arranged€to€meet€someone€who€had€paged€him€and€offered€to€sellÐ Í Ðhim€some€clothes€in€a€Food€Lion€parking€lot.€€The€petitioner€denied€that€he€had€cocaine€in€hisÐ ¶ Ðpossession€and€contended€that€the€$450.00€in€his€pocket€was€from€a€cashed€paycheck.€€Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination€at€the€evidentiary€hearing,€the€petitioner€admitted€that€he€had€beenÐ qÁ Ðpreviously€incarcerated€for€selling€cocaine€and€acknowledged€that€at€the€time€of€his€plea,€he€wasÐ Zª Ðunder€the€mistaken€belief€that€he€might€have€had€more€than€one€felony€on€his€record.€€The€petitionerÐ C“ Ðpointed€out€that€he€was€confused€about€the€number€of€his€prior€crimes€because€of€his€cocaine€use.€Ð ,| ÐHe€conceded€that€in€1993€and€in€1994,€he€had€been€charged€with€two€other€felonies€but€was€unawareÐ e Ðof€the€nature€of€their€dispositions€at€the€time€of€the€plea€in€question.€€Ð þN ÐÌà  àTrial€counsel€recalled€that€the€petitioner€had€asked€for€"a€few€days"€before€reporting€to€serveÐ Ð!   Ðhis€sentence€and€the€state€had€consented€to€the€request€on€the€condition€that€the€petitioner€pass€aÐ ¹" ! Ðdrug€screen.€€According€to€trial€counsel,€the€petitioner,€when€informed€of€the€state's€position,Ð ¢#ò" Ðcommented€that€he€might€not€pass.€€Trial€counsel€stated€that€the€petitioner€had€nothing€to€lose€byÐ ‹$Û# Ðtaking€the€test€and€failing.€€According€to€counsel,€he€had€"a€few€days€off"€to€gain.€€It€was€his€opinionÐ t%Ä $ Ðthat€the€petitioner€"had€his€mental€faculties€about€him€to€where€he€understood€the€plea,€understoodÐ ]&­!% Ðthe€consequences€of€the€plea,€and€[that]€it€was€a€knowing,€voluntary,€and€intelligent€decision€to€enterÐ F'–"& Ðinto€that€plea€bargain."€€Trial€counsel€stated€that€if€he€had€believed€the€petitioner€had€beenÐ /(#' Ð"impaired,"€he€would€have€brought€that€to€the€attention€of€the€trial€court:€€"[I]f€I€had€thought€at€anyÐ )h$( Ðpoint€that€his€judgment€was€clouded€by€any€drugs€that€he€had€taken,€then€I€would€not€have€allowedÐ *Q%) Ðhim€to€enter€that€plea."€€Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  àTrial€counsel€acknowledged,€however,€that€he€had€informed€the€petitioner€that€his€priorÐ ° Ðrecord€qualified€him€to€be€within€Range€II€and€that€the€plea€bargain€at€Range€I€"was€eight€years€lessÐ ™é Ðthan€the€minimum€I€expected€him€to€receive€if€we€went€to€trial€and€lost."€€Trial€counsel€commented,Ð ‚Ò Ð"[T]hat€[was]€an€error€on€my€part€because€even€though€he€should€have€known,€I€should€have€knownÐ k» Ðas€well€[and]€.€.€.€should€have€been€able€to€give€him€accurate€advice€as€to€what€his€exposure€was."€Ð T¤ ÐÌÌà  àTrial€counsel€also€conceded€that€the€petitioner€insisted€on€having€the€state's€audiotape€of€theÐ  _ Ðdrug€transaction,€even€after€the€plea.€€Trial€counsel€acknowledged€that€he€had€no€recollection€of€theÐ ø H Ðspecific€facts€regarding€the€transaction€and€while€claiming€that€it€was€his€practice€to€listen€to€a€tape„Ð á 1  Ðrecorded€transaction€as€a€part€of€his€routine€investigation,€he€had€no€recollection€of€having€done€soÐ Ê   Ðin€this€instance.€€Trial€counsel€also€pointed€out€that,€in€his€opinion,€it€was€impossible€to€lift€aÐ ³  Ðfingerprint€from€a€plastic€baggie€without€destroying€the€baggie.€€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àTrial€counsel€noted€that€56.4€grams€of€cocaine€were€involved€in€the€arrest€and€possession€ofÐ n¾  Ðcocaine€in€excess€of€26€grams€"carrie[d]€eight€to€ten€years."€€When€asked€on€cross„examinationÐ W§  Ðwhether€he€should€have€"continued€[his]€investigation€with€regard€to€[the€petitioner's€prior]€record,"Ð @ Ðtrial€counsel€candidly€acknowledged,€"I€should€have€done€it€no€matter€what."€€He€also€conceded€thatÐ )y Ðas€of€the€day€of€the€evidentiary€hearing,€he€was€unaware€of€whether€the€petitioner€qualified€as€aÐ b ÐRange€I€or€II€offender.€€Trial€counsel€explained,€however,€that€whether€the€petitioner€was€Range€IÐ ûK Ðor€II,€he€would€have€still€recommended€acceptance€of€the€offer€of€four€years€under€Range€I.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDetective€Nick€Watson€of€the€LaVergne€Police€Department€testified€that€at€the€time€of€theÐ ¶ Ðpetitioner's€arrest,€there€was€no€cocaine€on€his€person€but€it€was€found€underneath€the€backseat€ofÐ Ÿï Ðhis€vehicle.€€According€to€the€detective,€a€confidential€informant€had€claimed€that€he€had€been€givenÐ ˆØ Ða€sample€by€the€petitioner€just€before€the€arrest€and€showed€it€to€an€undercover€officer€who€"gaveÐ qÁ Ðus€the€take€down€word."€€The€detective€agreed€that€the€tape„recording€contained€no€informationÐ Zª Ðabout€a€drug€transaction€and€that€there€was€no€marked€money€involved€in€the€offense.€€The€extentÐ C“ Ðof€the€state's€evidence€was€that€the€confidential€informant€had€talked€with€the€petitioner,€hadÐ ,| Ðreceived€a€sample€of€the€cocaine,€and€had€then€showed€it€to€the€undercover€officer.€Ð e ÐÌà  àDetective€Ed€McKenna,€the€undercover€officer€involved€in€the€transaction,€testified€that€heÐ ç 7 Ðhad€arranged€with€the€petitioner€to€meet€him€on€the€date€of€the€offense€and€that€the€confidentialÐ Ð!   Ðinformant€approached€the€petitioner's€vehicle€and€then€returned€to€his€own€vehicle€with€someÐ ¹" ! Ðcocaine€in€possession.€€Detective€McKenna€recalled€that€he€had€arranged€for€the€informant€toÐ ¢#ò" Ðpurchase€three€ounces€of€cocaine€from€the€petitioner.Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€evidentiary€hearing,€the€post„conviction€court€determined€that€theÐ ]&­!% Ðpetitioner€was€not€under€the€influence€of€cocaine€at€the€time€he€entered€his€plea€of€guilt.€€WhileÐ F'–"& Ðacknowledging€that€trial€counsel€€was€unaware€of€whether€the€petitioner€qualified€as€a€Range€I€orÐ /(#' ÐII€offender,€the€court€expressed€satisfaction€that€trial€counsel€had€most€likely€explained€whatÐ )h$( Ðqualified€the€petitioner€as€a€Range€II€offender,€implying€that€the€petitioner€should€have€known€theÐ *Q%) Ðnature€and€extent€of€his€prior€record.€€The€court€described€the€state's€Range€II€allegation€as€"anÐ ê*:&* Ðhonest€mistake"€and€reasoned€that€trial€counsel€would€€have€recommended€the€plea€agreementÐ Ó+#'+ Ðwhether€petitioner€qualified€as€a€Range€I€or€a€Range€II€offender.€€The€court€concluded€that€becauseÐ ° Ðthe€NCIC€report€included€two€prior€felony€charges,€even€though€there€was€no€disposition€shown,Ð ™é Ðtrial€counsel€was€not€obliged€to€have€determined€whether€those€two€charges€had€resulted€in€felonyÐ ‚Ò Ðconvictions.€€Ð k» ÐÌà@ËË*ìàIˆÐ =  Ðà  àInitially,€the€petitioner€contends€that€his€trial€counsel€was€ineffective€by€failing€to€notify€theÐ & v Ðtrial€court€when€the€pre„plea€drug€screen€yielded€a€positive€result.€€The€petitioner€also€claims€thatÐ  _ Ðhis€trial€counsel€was€ineffective€for€failing€to€review€in€advance€of€the€plea€the€audiotape€made€byÐ ø H Ðthe€confidential€informant.€€His€final€allegation€is€that€his€trial€counsel€failed€to€accurately€determineÐ á 1  Ðhis€prior€number€of€felony€convictions€so€as€to€properly€advise€of€the€possible€range€of€sentence.€€Ð Ê   ЀÌà  àIn€a€post-conviction€proceeding,€the€petitioner€bears€the€burden€of€proving€his€allegationsÐ œì  Ðby€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40-30-210(f).€€Claims€of€ineffectiveÐ …Õ  Ðassistance€of€counsel€are€regarded€as€mixed€questions€of€law€and€fact.€€òòState€v.€Honeycuttóó,€54Ð n¾  ÐS.W.3d€762,€766-67€(Tenn.€2001);€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3d€453,€461€(Tenn.€1999).€€On€appeal,€theÐ W§  Ðfindings€of€fact€made€by€the€trial€court€are€conclusive€and€will€not€be€disturbed€unless€the€evidenceÐ @ Ðcontained€in€the€record€preponderates€against€them.€€òòBrooks€v.€Stateóó,€756€S.W.2d€288,€289€(Tenn.Ð )y ÐCrim.€App.€1988).€€The€burden€is€on€the€petitioner€to€show€that€the€evidence€preponderated€againstÐ b Ðthose€findings.€€òòClenny€v.€Stateóó,€576€S.W.2d€12,€14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€Ô‡X…ÒXXX…ÒÔ€The€credibility€of€theÐ ûK Ðwitnesses€and€the€weight€and€value€to€be€afforded€their€testimony€are€questions€to€be€resolved€byÐ ä4 Ðthe€trial€court.€òòBates€v.€Stateóó,€973€S.W.2d€615€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€When€reviewing€theÐ Í Ðapplication€of€law€to€those€factual€findings,€however,€our€review€is€de€novo,€and€the€trial€court'sÐ ¶ Ðconclusions€of€law€are€given€no€presumption€of€correctness.€€òòFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3d€450,€457-58Ð Ÿï Ð(Tenn.€2001);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Englandóó,€19€S.W.3d€762,€766€(Tenn.€2000).Ð ˆØ ÐÔ#†X…ÒXXX…ÒÊ9#ÔÌà  àWhen€a€petitioner€seeks€post-conviction€relief€on€the€basis€of€ineffective€assistance€ofÐ Zª Ðcounsel,€he€must€first€establish€that€the€services€rendered€or€the€advice€given€were€below€ð ðthe€rangeÐ C“ Ðof€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.ðð€€òòBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936Ð ,| Ð(Tenn.€1975).€€Second,€he€must€show€that€the€deficiencies€ð ðactually€had€an€adverse€effect€on€theÐ e Ðdefense.ðð€€òòStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,€693€(1984).€€Should€the€petitioner€fail€toÐ þN Ðestablish€either€factor,€he€is€not€entitled€to€relief.€Our€supreme€court€described€the€standard€of€reviewÐ ç 7 Ðas€follows:€Ð Ð!   ÐÌà8  àà ` àBecause€a€petitioner€must€establish€both€prongs€of€the€test,€a€failure€to€proveÐ ¢#ò" Ðeither€deficiency€or€prejudice€provides€a€sufficient€basis€to€deny€relief€on€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðineffective€assistance€claim.€€Indeed,€a€court€need€not€address€the€components€in€anyÐ t%Ä $ Ðparticular€order€or€even€address€both€if€the€defendant€makes€an€insufficient€showingÐ ]&­!% Ðof€one€component.ÐF'–"&Ð Ð  ÐòòGoad€v.€Stateóó,€938€S.W.2d€363,€370€(Tenn.€1996).€€As€to€guilty€pleas,€the€petitioner€must€establishÐ /(#' Ða€reasonable€probability€that,€but€for€the€errors€of€his€counsel,€he€would€not€have€entered€the€pleaÐ )h$( Ðand€would€have€insisted€on€going€to€trial.€€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52,€59€(1985).Ð *Q%) Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà  àIn€this€instance,€the€trial€court€accredited€the€testimony€of€trial€counsel€who€determined€thatÐ ° Ðâ âthe€petitioner€was€not€under€the€influence€of€drugs€at€the€time€he€entered€his€plea€of€guilt.€€TheÐ ™é Ðcontent€of€the€submission€hearing€supports€that€conclusion.€€Although€the€drug€screen€eventuallyÐ ‚Ò Ðyielded€a€positive€result€for€cocaine€in€the€petitioner's€blood€stream,€it€does€not€necessarily€followÐ k» Ðthat€he€was€unable€to€enter€a€knowing€and€voluntary€plea€on€that€basis.€€Moreover,€the€petitionerÐ T¤ Ðneither€established€the€level€of€the€illegal€drugs€in€his€system€as€detected€by€the€test€nor€otherwiseÐ =  Ðoffered€expert€testimony€as€to€how€the€drug€usage€might€have€affected€him€and€his€appreciation€ofÐ & v Ðthe€circumstances.€€In€our€view,€the€petitioner€has€failed€to€meet€his€burden€of€clearly€andÐ  _ Ðconvincingly€establishing€any€deficiency€on€the€part€of€trial€counsel€to€present€the€issue€at€theÐ ø H Ðsubmission€hearing€or€at€anytime€afterward€by€a€motion€to€withdraw€the€plea.€€Certainly,€theÐ á 1  Ðevidence€does€not€preponderate€against€the€trial€court's€findings€in€this€regard.€€Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àNext,€although€the€record€does€not€establish€whether€trial€counsel€actually€reviewed€theÐ œì  Ðcontent€of€the€audiotape€before€recommending€acceptance€of€the€plea€agreement,€that€alone€wouldÐ …Õ  Ðnot€warrant€the€grant€of€relief.€€A€confidential€informant€and€an€undercover€police€detective€wereÐ n¾  Ðinvolved€in€the€transaction.€€Although€the€petitioner€maintained€his€innocence€at€the€evidentiaryÐ W§  Ðhearing,€two€police€detectives€provided€testimony€that€strongly€suggested€guilt.€€While€the€illegalÐ @ Ðdrug€was€apparently€provided€to€the€confidential€informant,€who€did€not€testify,€one€police€detectiveÐ )y Ðwas€only€30€feet€away€when€the€exchange€took€place€and€took€possession€of€the€cocaine€transferredÐ b Ðto€the€confidential€informant.€€Another€officer€helped€locate€over€50€grams€of€cocaine€in€the€backÐ ûK Ðseat€of€the€petitioner's€vehicle.€€Under€those€circumstances,€that€the€content€of€the€tape€did€notÐ ä4 Ðinclude€any€incriminating€evidence€would€not€have€been€particularly€helpful€to€the€defense.€€In€ourÐ Í Ðview,€the€petitioner€was€unable€to€establish€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence€that€he€would€not€haveÐ ¶ Ðentered€the€plea€had€he€known€trial€counsel€had€not€listened€to€the€tape€prior€to€recommending€theÐ Ÿï Ðplea€agreement.€€Again,€the€evidence€in€this€regard€does€not€preponderate€against€the€findings€of€theÐ ˆØ Ðtrial€court.€€Ð qÁ ÐÌà  àOf€greater€concern€is€trial€counsel's€failure€to€confirm€the€range€status€of€the€petitioner€priorÐ C“ Ðto€recommending€the€plea.€€While€admittedly€aware€that€the€range€applicable€to€the€petitioner€wasÐ ,| Ða€significant€factor€in€the€petitioner's€willingness€to€accept€the€Range€I,€four„year€sentence€inÐ e Ðexchange€for€the€guilty€plea,€trial€counsel€failed€to€adequately€investigate€the€prior€criminal€recordÐ þN Ðof€the€petitioner€so€as€to€determine€whether€he€qualified€as€a€Range€I€or€a€Range€II€offender.€Ð ç 7 ÐCounsel€conceded€that€it€was€his€obligation€to€verify€the€range€of€the€possible€sentence€as€a€meansÐ Ð!   Ðof€assuring€that€the€petitioner€was€fully€and€accurately€informed€before€waiving€his€right€to€trial.€€Ð ¹" ! ÐÌà  àIn€òòTeague€v.€Stateóó,€772€S.W.2d€932,€934€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988),€the€petitioner,€who€hadÐ ‹$Û# Ðappealed€his€conviction€and€death€sentence€for€the€first€degree€murder€of€his€wife,€Teresa€LynnÐ t%Ä $ ÐTeague,€was€awaiting€trial€after€his€indictment€for€the€murder€of€John€Mark€Edmonds.€€Teague'sÐ ]&­!% Ðcounsel€on€the€second€charge,€under€the€mistaken€belief€that€a€nolo€contendere€plea€would€have€noÐ F'–"& Ðeffect€in€the€first€case€if€Teague€was€granted€a€new€trial,€recommended€the€acceptance€of€a€reducedÐ /(#' Ðcharge€€and€a€ten„year€prison€sentence.€€Based€upon€that€advice,€Teague€entered€the€nolo€contendereÐ )h$( Ðplea€and€was€found€guilty€of€causing€the€death€of€John€Mark€Edmonds.€€Later,€Teague€was€grantedÐ *Q%) Ða€new€sentencing€hearing€for€the€murder€of€Teresa€Lynn€Teague.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Teagueóó,€645€S.W.2dÐ ê*:&* Ð392€(Tenn.€1983).€€In€the€second€sentencing€hearing,€the€state€was€properly€allowed€to€present€theÐ Ó+#'+ Ðconviction€in€the€Edmonds€case€as€an€additional€aggravating€circumstance.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Teagueóó,€680Ð ° ÐS.W.2d€785€(Tenn.€1984);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„203(I)(2).€€When€Teague€filed€a€petitionÐ ™é Ðfor€post„conviction€relief€seeking€to€set€aside€his€conviction€in€the€Edmonds€case,€his€trial€counselÐ ‚Ò Ðacknowledged€that€his€advice€regarding€the€nolo€contendere€plea€was€"the€worst€I€ever€gaveÐ k» Ðanybody."€€òòTeagueóó,€772€S.W.2d€at€935.€€Although€Teague€was€denied€relief€by€the€post„convictionÐ T¤ Ðcourt,€this€court€concluded€that€but€for€counsel's€errors,€he€would€have€insisted€upon€a€trial.€€òòId.óó€atÐ =  Ð939.€€Judge€Joe€B.€Jones,€speaking€for€the€panel,€observed€that€"[i]t€must€be€remembered€that€theÐ & v Ðpetitioner€had€been€misinformed€and€was€laboring€under€a€false€impression€when€he€made€theÐ  _ Ðdecision€to€accept€the€plea€bargain€agreement€and€enter€a€plea€of€nolo€contendere€rather€than€go€toÐ ø H Ðtrial."€€òòId.óó€at€940.Ð á 1  ÐÌà  àIn€òòWalton€v.€Stateóó,€966€S.W.2d€54,€55€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997),€this€court€ruled€thatÐ ³  Ðerroneous€advice€on€parole€eligibility€which€induced€a€guilty€plea€qualified€as€ineffective€assistanceÐ œì  Ðof€counsel:Ð …Õ  ÐÌà8  àEven€if€counsel's€advice€was€erroneous€but,€nevertheless,€the€[petitioner]€would€haveÐ W§  Ðbeen€wise€to€plead€guilty,€a€defendant€has€the€right€to€make€a€knowing,€unwiseÐ @ Ðdecision.€€This€court,€or€any€court€for€that€matter,€cannot€protect€defendants€fromÐ )y Ðthemselves€when€it€comes€decision€time.€€ÐbÐ Ð  ÐÌòòSee€alsoóó€òòDonald€McArthur€Carver€v.€Stateóó,€No.€E2002„00297„CCA„R3„PC€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÐ ä4 ÐKnoxville,€July€15,€2003)€(setting€aside€a€plea€agreement€where€trial€counsel€had€erroneouslyÐ Í Ðadvised€the€defendant€that€he€would€be€allowed€to€serve€a€10„year€sentence€for€possession€of€cocaineÐ ¶ Ðwith€intent€to€resell€in€the€county€jail);€òòRichard€Lebraun€Thomas€v.€Stateóó,€No.€03C01„9306„CR„Ð Ÿï Ð00190€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€Mar.€29,€1994)€(holding€that€mistaken€advice€by€trialÐ ˆØ Ðcounsel€that€the€defendant€faced€a€possible€life€sentence€rather€than€a€Range€III,€30„year€sentenceÐ qÁ Ðfor€armed€robbery€was€a€proper€basis€to€set€a€plea€agreement€aside).€€Ð Zª ÐÌà  àIn€our€view,€the€record€established€clearly€and€convincingly€that€but€for€trial€counsel's€failureÐ ,| Ðto€accurately€determine€the€range€status,€the€petitioner€would€have€insisted€upon€going€to€trial€ratherÐ e Ðthan€entering€a€guilty€plea.€€Trial€counsel€candidly€acknowledged€that€the€length€of€the€potentialÐ þN Ðsentence€was€a€significant€"factor€in€[the€petitioner's]€decision€to€accept€the€plea€offer."€€TheÐ ç 7 Ðpetitioner€confirmed€that€absent€the€risk€of€a€Range€II€sentence,€he€would€have€asked€for€a€trial.€€AsÐ Ð!   Ðto€this€ground,€the€evidence€preponderates€against€the€conclusions€of€the€trial€court.€€As€a€Range€IÐ ¹" ! Ðoffender,€with€a€charge€in€excess€of€26€grams,€the€petitioner€faced€a€potential€sentence€of€betweenÐ ¢#ò" Ðeight€and€twelve€years.€€At€Range€II,€the€potential€sentence€was€between€12€and€20€years.€€EvenÐ ‹$Û# Ðthough€the€state€may€have€been€generous€in€its€offer€of€a€lesser€offense€at€a€lesser€than€maximumÐ t%Ä $ ÐRange€I€term,€the€petitioner€insisted€that€he€was€innocent€and€would€have€taken€his€chances€on€a€trialÐ ]&­!% Ðdespite€the€higher€potential€term€in€prison€if€found€guilty.€€Ð F'–"& ÐÌà  àThe€state's€argument€that€trial€counsel€would€not€have€changed€his€advice€to€accept€the€pleaÐ )h$( Ðhad€he€known€that€the€petitioner€was€actually€Range€I€is€not€entirely€relevant€to€the€issue.€€Even€ifÐ *Q%) Ðthere€is€an€attractive€plea€offer€by€the€state,€the€critical€determination€is€whether,€but€for€trialÐ ê*:&* Ðcounsel's€error,€the€petitioner€would€have€insisted€on€trial.€€Although€his€decision€to€seek€a€trial€mayÐ Ó+#'+ Ðbe€to€his€ultimate€detriment,€the€petitioner€has€met€his€burden€of€proof€as€to€that€claim.€€TheÐ ° Ðtestimony€of€the€petitioner,€as€corroborated€by€his€trial€counsel,€is€unrefuted€that€he€would€haveÐ ™é Ðinsisted€upon€trial€but€for€the€error€in€advice.€€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà@©©)ìàIIˆÐ T¤ Ðà  àNext,€the€petitioner€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€determining€that€the€petitioner€enteredÐ =  Ða€knowing€and€voluntary€plea.€€The€rule€in€òòHill€v.€Lockhartóó,€474€U.S.€52€(1985),€applies€when€aÐ & v Ðguilty€plea€is€as€the€result€of€a€deficiency€in€the€performance€of€counsel.€€In€the€landmark€case€ofÐ  _ ÐòòBoykin€v.€Alabamaóó,€395€U.S.€238€(1969),€the€Supreme€Court€established€that€a€voluntary€andÐ ø H Ðintelligent€guilty€plea€was€essential€to€a€valid€conviction.€€"[T]he€core€requirement€of€òòBoykinóó€is€'thatÐ á 1  Ðno€guilty€plea€be€accepted€without€an€affirmative€showing€that€it€was€intelligent€and€voluntary.'"Ð Ê   ÐòòBlankenship€v.€Stateóó,€858€S.W.2d€897,€904€(Tenn.€1993)€(quoting€òòFontaine€v.€United€Statesóó,€526€F.Ð ³  Ð2d€514,€516€(6òòthóó€Cir.€1975)).€€In€its€comprehensive€evaluation€of€the€requirements€of€a€voluntary€andÐ œì  Ðintelligent€plea€of€guilt,€our€supreme€made€the€following€observation:Ð …Õ  ÐÌà8  à[A]€court€charged€with€determining€whether€.€.€.€pleas€were€"voluntary"€andÐ W§  Ð"intelligent"€must€look€to€various€circumstantial€factors,€such€as€the€relativeÐ @ Ðintelligence€of€the€defendant;€the€degree€of€his€familiarity€with€criminal€proceedings;Ð )y Ðwhether€he€was€represented€by€competent€counsel€and€had€the€opportunity€to€conferÐ b Ðwith€counsel€about€the€options€available€to€him;€the€extent€of€advice€from€counselÐ ûK Ðand€the€court€concerning€the€charges€against€him;€and€the€reasons€for€his€decision€toÐ ä4 Ðplead€guilty,€including€a€desire€to€avoid€a€greater€penalty€that€might€result€from€aÐ Í Ðjury€trial.жРР ÐÌòòId.óó€(citing€òòCaudill€v.€Jagoóó,€747€F.€2d€1046,€1052€(6òòthóó€Cir.€1984)).€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àIn€òòBlankenshipóó,€our€supreme€court€held€that€the€trial€court€is€obligated€to€fully€explain€theÐ Zª Ðoffense€charged€and€assure€that€the€defendant€is€in€control€of€his€mental€faculties€and€aware€of€theÐ C“ Ðconsequences€of€his€plea,€especially€the€penalty€to€be€imposed.€€òòBlankenshipóó,€858€S.W.2d€at€904.€Ð ,| ÐÌà  àIn€this€instance,€the€petitioner€argues€that€the€plea€was€not€knowingly€entered€because€of€hisÐ þN Ðlack€of€knowledge€of€the€applicable€range.€€He€buttresses€the€argument€by€contending€that€theÐ ç 7 Ðcocaine€he€had€ingested€the€day€before€adversely€affected€his€mental€abilities.€€As€indicated,€thereÐ Ð!   Ðis€no€evidence€to€corroborate€the€petitioner's€claim€that€his€judgment€was€affected€by€his€prior€useÐ ¹" ! Ðof€cocaine.€€Because,€however,€€the€record€establishes€that€neither€the€state,€the€defense,€nor€the€trialÐ ¢#ò" Ðcourt€was€aware€of€whether€the€petitioner€qualified€as€Range€I€or€II€at€the€time€of€his€plea,€it€cannotÐ ‹$Û# Ðbe€said€that€he€was€effectively€assisted€by€counsel€or€that€the€plea€was€knowingly€and€intelligentlyÐ t%Ä $ Ðentered,€with€a€full€and€accurate€appreciation€of€the€potential€penalties.Ð  ]&­!% Ðà@ˆˆ)ìàIIIˆÐ ° Ðà  àThe€petitioner€also€argues€that€the€conviction€should€be€set€aside€because€the€state€and€theÐ ™é Ðtrial€court€had€failed€to€recite€a€sufficient€factual€basis€for€the€plea.€€The€petitioner€argues€thatÐ ‚Ò Ðbecause€no€money€was€exchanged,€there€was€no€audiotape€of€the€sale,€and€there€was€no€cocaine€inÐ k» Ðthe€possession€of€the€confidential€informant€after€the€sale,€the€state€failed€to€meet€the€requirementsÐ T¤ Ðof€òòState€v.€Mackeyóó,€553€S.W.2d€337€(Tenn.€1997).€€Ð =  ÐÌà  àThis€court€has€previously€determined€that€lack€of€a€factual€basis€for€a€guilty€plea€is€not€aÐ  _ Ðbasis€for€post„conviction€relief.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòPowers€v.€Stateóó,€942€S.W.2d€551,€555€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð ø H Ð1996).€€In€òòPowersóó,€this€court€ruled€that€"failure€to€establish€a€factual€basis€for€the€plea€on€the€recordÐ á 1  Ðmay€contribute€to€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€reflecting€on€an€unknowing€and€involuntaryÐ Ê   Ðplea."€€òòId.óó€Although€this€court€has€determined€that€the€petitioner€is€entitled€to€relief,€it€is€our€viewÐ ³  Ðthat€the€record€does€not€support€the€claim€that€the€failure€to€establish€a€sufficient€factual€basis€forÐ œì  Ðthe€plea€contributed€in€any€significant€way€to€the€petitioner's€decision€to€plead€guilty.€€The€petitionerÐ …Õ  Ðacknowledged€during€the€submission€hearing€that€he€entered€the€plea€because,€in€his€words,€"I€amÐ n¾  Ðguilty."€€Because€he€was€fully€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€charge€and€had€been€previously€convictedÐ W§  Ðand€served€time€in€prison€for€the€sale€of€cocaine,€it€is€unlikely€that€the€failure€to€recite€specific€factsÐ @ Ðfurther€contributed€to€his€decision€to€plead€guilty.Ð )y ÐÌà@ƒƒ)ìàIVˆÐ ûK Ðà  àNext,€the€petitioner€argues€that€the€audiotape€qualified€as€exculpatory€evidence€because€itÐ ä4 Ðwas€not€in€any€way€incriminating.€€He€contends€that€under€òòBrady€v.€Marylandóó,€373€U.S.€83€(1963),Ð Í Ðthe€state€had€an€obligation€to€make€the€audiotape€available€to€the€defense.€€Trial€counselÐ ¶ Ðacknowledged€that€prior€to€the€guilty€plea,€he€discussed€the€fact€that€there€was€a€tape€in€existence.€Ð Ÿï ÐAlthough€it€is€uncertain€from€the€record€of€the€evidentiary€hearing,€it€appears€that€trial€counsel€wasÐ ˆØ Ðunaware€of€the€content€of€the€tape€at€the€time€of€the€plea€agreement.€€Because€there€were€two€policeÐ qÁ Ðofficers€in€addition€to€the€confidential€informant€that€could€testify€to€incriminating€circumstancesÐ Zª Ðat€trial€and€because€the€offer€made€by€the€state€appears€to€be€favorable,€it€is€understandable€that€trialÐ C“ Ðcounsel€suggested€the€acceptance€of€the€plea€without€determining€the€content€of€the€tape.€€It€wasÐ ,| Ðafter€the€plea€that€the€petitioner€insisted€on€listening€to€the€tape€and€ultimately€determined€that€it€wasÐ e Ðnot€incriminating.€€In€òòBradyóó,€the€Supreme€Court€established€four€prerequisites€that€must€be€metÐ þN Ðbefore€a€reviewing€court€may€find€a€due€process€violation:Ð ç 7 ÐÌà8  à(1)€The€defendant€must€have€requested€the€information€(unless€the€evidence€isÐ ¹" ! Ðobviously€exculpatory,€in€which€case€the€state€is€bound€to€release€the€informationÐ ¢#ò" Ðwhether€requested€or€not);€€€Ð‹$Û#Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(2)€€the€state€must€have€suppressed€the€information;€Ðt%Ä $Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(3)€€the€information€must€have€been€favorable€to€the€accused;€and€Ð]&­!%Ð Ð  Ðà8  à(4)€€the€information€must€have€been€material.€€ÐF'–"&Ð Ð  ÐÌòòState€v.€Edginóó,€902€S.W.2d€387,€390€(Tenn.€1995).€Ð )h$( ÐÌà  àIn€this€instance,€the€audiotape€is€not€in€the€record.€€Although€there€are€references€to€theÐ ê*:&* Ðcontent€of€the€tape,€those€references€suggest€that€the€tape€recording€was€neither€inculpatory€norÐ Ó+#'+ Ðexculpatory.€€Merely€because€there€was€a€tape€recording€does€not€mean€that€the€recording€wasÐ ° Ðfavorable€to€the€defense.€€Here,€the€record€does€not€establish€the€favorability€of€the€content€of€theÐ ™é Ðtape.€€The€petitioner€would€not€be€entitled€to€relief€on€this€ground.€€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà@¤¤*ìàVˆÐ T¤ Ðà  àAn€issue€listed€but€neither€argued€nor€supported€by€authority€or€citations€to€the€record€isÐ =  Ðwhether€the€grand€jury€which€indicted€the€petitioner€was€racially€biased.€€Nothing€in€the€record€ofÐ & v Ðthe€evidentiary€hearing€supports€the€claim.€€The€statute€requires€the€petitioner€to€prove€hisÐ  _ Ðallegations€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„30„210(f).€€Furthermore,Ð ø H Ðthe€issue€has€been€waived€by€the€failure€to€submit€argument€and€citations€of€legal€authority.€€òòSeeÐ á 1  ÐóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7);€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€R.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Hammonsóó,€737€S.W.2d€549,€552Ð Ê   Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€Ð ³  ÐÌà  àIn€summary,€because€the€record€establishes€that€the€petitioner€would€have€insisted€on€hisÐ …Õ  Ðright€to€a€trial€but€for€the€failure€of€his€counsel€to€accurately€determine€his€Range€I€status,€the€pleaÐ n¾  Ðof€guilt€was€neither€knowingly€nor€voluntarily€entered,€the€conviction€must€be€set€aside,€and€theÐ W§  Ðpetitioner€must€be€granted€a€new€trial.€€Ð @ ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ä4 Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE