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S\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  )2dxd0KS.SampleK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(O$<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i) !.8dd8     _   8XXdd8@hhcINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @gg$ATNASHVILLE#c #Ԉ #    @  @` AssignedonBriefsOctober12,2004 F XX #XX!#STATEOFTENNESSEEv.MONTYEARL_PICKLESIMER_  ? @@ XXAppealfromtheCriminalCourtforDavidsonCounty  ` @@No.96D1874SteveR.Dozier,Judge  J #XX#@@*AV) ` dE< ` A  E  XX@@TTNo.M200303087CCAR3CDFiledNovember24,_2004_ e  #XX)#AV) ` dE<` A `   XX  Thedefendant,MontyEarl_Pickelsimer_,enterednegotiatedpleasofguilttotheftofproperty /  Ѐhavingavalueofmorethan$10,000.00ormorebutlessthan$60,000.00andtheftofproperty h havingavalueofmorethan$1000.00morebutlessthan$10,000.00.Thepleaagreementincluded Q concurrentRangeIsentencesofthreeyearsoneachoffenseandcertifiedaquestionoflawfor : appealastowhetherthedefendantwasdeniedaspeedytrialunderthestateandfederal # constitutions.#XX@#XXBecausethedefendantwasdeniedhisrighttoaspeedytrial,thejudgmentisreversed,   theconvictionissetaside,andthecauseisdismissed#XX#.  _ XXTenn.R.App.P.3;JudgmentsoftheTrialCourtReversed#XX #     XX.GaryR.Wade,P.J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhich#X #XX.DavidH.Welles#X: #ԀXX.and#X #XX.John  EverettWilliams#X #XX.,JJ.,joined.  _Fikisha_Ԁ_Swader_Ԁ(attrial)andJeffreyA._DeVasher_Ԁ(onappeal),AssistantPublicDefenders,forthe  appellant,MontyEarl_Picklesimer_  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneral&Reporter;SethP._Kestner_,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;and \! ЀPamelaAnderson,AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellee,StateofTennessee. E"   @@66' OPINION #XXD #XX $g" #XX#  XX0   (#(#   Thedefendant,anemployeeoftheDollarGeneralCorporation,committedseparatethefts &#"% athisplaceofemploymentonDecember23,1995,andFebruary10,1996.Thefirsttheftinvolved ' #& morethan$10,000.00.Accordingtothestipulationoffacts,thesecondtheftinvolvedmorethan (#' $1000.00.SeeT.C.A.3914103.OnOctober11,1996,theDavidsonCountygrandjury )$( returnedindictmentsoneachofthetwocountsofthefts.Inthemeantime,thedefendanthadbeen w*%) arrestedonotherchargesforwhichhemadebail.AfteralsomakingbailontheDavidsonCounty `+&* indictments,thedefendantfailedtoappearathisscheduledarraignment.Therewasnoactivityin I,'+ theDavidsonCountyCriminalCourtuntilJune9,1997,whenthebailbondingcompanynotified 2-(, thecourtclerkthatthedefendantwasinjailinBradleyCounty#XXz#.XXOverfifteenmonthslater,on  September29,1998,thedefendant,whileincarceratedinthe_Dickson_ԀCountyJail,madeawritten,  "formalrequestforaspeedytrialinyourjurisdictiononallchargespending."Intheletter,the  defendantnotifiedtheclerkthathewasin_Dickson_ԀCountyandsoonwouldbetransferredtothe  DepartmentofCorrection.TheletterwasmailedtotheNashvilleMetropolitanPoliceDepartment { withacopyprovidedtotheofficeoftheDistrictAttorneyGeneral._Omeka_Ԁ_Warfield_ԀFuller,a d  paralegalintheDavidsonCountyDistrictAttorney'sOffice,receivedtheletter.Shethenmailed M  thelettertotheDavidsonCountyCriminalCourtClerkaskingthatthedefendantbereturnedfrom 6  _Dickson_ԀCountyforthearraignment.Ms.Fullerdidnotfollowuponherrequestandneitherthe  o clerknortheofficeofthedistrictattorneytookfurtheraction.InAugustof2003,whilethe  X  defendantwasservingatenyearsentenceintheDepartmentofCorrectionforcrimesunrelatedto  A  thetheftsinDavidsonCounty,theparoleboarddiscoveredthepending1996indictments#XX#XX.On *  October17,2003,overfiveyearsaftertheletterandalmosteightyearsafterthefirstoffense,the   defendantfiledamotiontodismissforlackofaspeedytrial.Therewasahearingonthemotion,   andonNovember13,2003,thetrialcourtdeniedrelief.#XX#XXԀ     Itwasestablishedatthehearingthatthedefendant,whowasservingaseventeenyear g sentenceonvariousconvictionsarisingoutofBradley,_Dickson_,andMarionCounties,hadbeenin P jailorprisonsinceMayof1997.Hecomplainedthathehadbeendeniedparolein2003because 9 ofthependingchargesinDavidsonCounty.Thedefendantassertedthathehadbeendiagnosedwith "r depression,psychotictendencies,andposttraumaticstressdisorder.Itwashiscontentionthat,as  [ aresultofthedelay,hewasnolongerabletolocate_Mindy_ԀClegg,apotentialwitnessatthetrial. D     ThedefendantassertedthatMs.Cleggwouldhavetestifiedthathedeniedanyinvolvement  inthecrimes.Heclaimedthattherewereotherwitnessesthatwouldhavebeenhelpful,butthathe  wasunabletofindthem,becausehedidnotknowtheirfullnames.Thedefendantalsoclaimedthat  withinthepastfewyearshehadsufferedseveralblowstotheheadandhadnorecollectionofthe j eventssurrounding#XXa#ԀXXthesecharges.Atthehearingonthemotiontodismiss,NashvilleMetropolitan S PoliceDetectiveHaroldDean_Haney_ԀtestifiedthatitwashisopinionthatMs.Clegg,whohad c cooperatedwithhisofficeintheinvestigationofthedefendant,didnothaveanyinformationwhich L  wouldhavebeenhelpfultothedefendant.WhileacknowledgingthatMs.Cleggwasstillinthe 5! DavidsonCountyarea,theofficerassertedthatthedefendanthadprovidedincriminatorystatements "n  astoeachofthetwothefts. #W!     Shortlyafterthehearingonthemotiontodismiss,thetrialcourt,whileacknowledgingthat $) # thelengthofthedelaywassufficienttotriggerfurtherinquiry,deniedrelief.Attributingthedelay %!$ to"bureaucraticnegligence,"thetrialcourtfoundthatthedefendanthadnotbeensubjectedtoany &!% unduepretrialincarcerationandthatthedefendanthadnotbeenprejudicedbyanyunavailability '"& onthepartofMs.Clegg,whohad"tippedpoliceofthedefendant'sinvolvementinthisoffense." }(#'   Inthisappeal,thedefendantarguesthatthelengthofthedelaybetweentheindictmentsand O*%) themotiontodismiss,almostsevenyearsforeachoffense,ispresumptivelyprejudicial.Itishis 8+&* argumentthateachoffourfactorsutilizedinthedeterminationofwhetheradefendanthasbeen !,q'+ _ deniedhisrighttoaspeedytrialweighsinfavorofadismissal.Thedefendantclaimsthathisown  memorylossmaybesufficienttoestablishprejudice.SeeStatev.GlenT.Tidwell,M200000538  CCAR3CD(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,July9,2001)(holdingthattheappelleewas  prejudicedbythedelayofthestateinbringinghimtotrial,becausetheappelleecouldnotremember k thesurroundingevents). T   Ourscopeofreviewwhenatrialcourtmakesanapplicationoflawtothefactsofthecase & v isdenovoasamixedquestionoflawandfact.Thequestionofwhethertherighttoaspeedytrial  _ hasbeendeniedisamixedquestionoflawandfactand,therefore,subjecttodenovoreviewon  H appeal.Statev.GaryLeeMiller,No.01C019807CR00290(Tenn.Crim.App.,atNashville,  1  March6,2000)(citingRuffv.State,978S.W.2d95,96(Tenn.1998);Harriesv.State,958S.W.2d    799,802(Tenn.Crim.App.1997)).     Therighttoaspeedytrialis,ofcourse,constitutionallybased.U.S.const.amend.VI;Tenn.   Const.art.I,9.Rule48oftheTennesseeRulesofCriminalProcedureprovidesasfollows: n    0   ` Ifthereisunnecessarydelayinpresentingthechargetoagrandjuryagainsta @ defendantwhohasbeenheldtoanswertothetrialcourt,orifthereisunnecessarydelayin )y bringingadefendanttotrial,thecourtmaydismisstheindictment,presentment,information b orcomplaint.;seealsoTenn.CodeAnn.4014101.K(#(# Tenn.R.Crim.P.48(b). 4   InStatev.Bishop,493S.W.2d81(Tenn.1973),oursupremecourtadoptedafourfactor  analysisfordeterminingwhetheronehasbeendeniedhisentitlementtoaspeedytrial.Adopting  atestfirstestablishedinBarkerv.Wingo,407U.S.514(1972),ourhighcourtcreatedabalancing  testbaseduponthefollowingfactors: q    ` (1)thelengthofthedelay Z    ` (2)thereasonforthedelay C    ` (3)whetherthedefendantassertedaclaimtohisrightand ,|    ` (4)whetherthedefendantwasprejudicedbythedelay. e Bishop,493S.W.2dat84.Thelengthofthedelayisatriggeringmechanism.Untilthereissome N delaywhichispresumptivelyprejudicial,characterizedinsomefederalandstatecasesasbeingfrom  7 onetotwoyears,thereisnonecessityforinquiryintotheotherfactors.Barker,407U.S.at530. !   Prejudice,themostimportantoftheconsiderations,isassessedinlightofthreeintereststothe " ! defendant:(1)topreventoppressivepretrialincarceration;(2)tominimizetheanxietyandconcern #" oftheaccused;and(3)tolimitthepossibilitythatthedefensewillbeimpaired.Id.at532."Serious $# crimesare...expectedtotakelongerthan'ordinarystreetcrimes[s]."'Statev.Thomas,818S.W.2d t% $ 350,362(Tenn.Crim.App.1991)(quotingBarker,407U.S.at531)(alterationinoriginal).Some ]&!% courtshaveheldthat"atwoyeardelayisnotinordinatelylong."Id.at363.Othercourts,however, F'"& havefoundthatadelayofoneyearorlonger"marksthepointatwhichcourtsdeemthedelay /(#' unreasonableenoughtotriggertheBarkerinquiry."Doggettv.UnitedStates,505U.S.647,652 )h$( (1992). *Q%)   *:&*   Here,therewasasevenyeardelayfromtheindictmentuntilthemotiontodismiss.Thatis   farmorethanthedelayinBarker,approximately20months,andevengreaterthanthefiveyear  delayinStatev.Kolb,755S.W.2d472(Tenn.Crim.App.1988).Furtherevaluationofthe  applicablefactorsis,therefore,warranted. k   ThesecondBarkerfactor,thereasonforthedelay,generallyfallsintofourcategories:(1) =  intentionaldelaybythestatetogainatacticaladvantageortoharassthedefendant;(2)negligence; & v (3)delaynecessarytoeffectivelyprosecutethecase;and(4)delaycausedbyoracquiescedinby  _ thedefendant.Statev.Wood,924S.W.2d342,34647(Tenn.1996).Intentionaldelaytogain  H undueadvantageorharassthedefendantweighsheavilyagainstthestatewhiledelaythroughthe  1  state'snegligenceisgivenalesserweight.Thethirdtypeofdelay,thatwhichisnecessaryto    prosecutethecase,doesnotweighinfavoroforagainsteitherparty.Delaycausedbythedefendant   weighsagainstthedefendant.Id.     Inthisinstance,thetrialcourtclassifiedthedelaysasbureaucraticnegligence,implicitly n  referringtoboththeclerkofthecourtandtheofficeofthedistrictattorneygeneral.InKolb,this W  courtruledthatdelaysbetweentheindictmentandtrial,includingthosecausedby"theprosecuting @ attorneyormembersoftheDepartmentofCorrection,"mustbeconsideredtheresponsibilityofthe )y state.755S.W.2dat474.InDickeyv.Florida,398U.S.30,5152(1970),JusticeBrennan, b concurring,observedasfollows: K 0  Anegligentfailurebythegovernmenttoensurespeedytrialisvirtuallyasdamagingtothe  interestsprotectedbytherightasanintentionalfailure;whennegligenceisthecause...the  crucialquestionindeterminingthelegitimacyofgovernmentaldelaymaybewhetherit  mightreasonablyhavebeenavoidedwhetheritwasunnecessary.(#(# AsinKolb,thedelayinthecaseatissuewasunnecessaryand"theproductofbureaucratic Z miscommunicationorindifference...which,reasonablyspeaking,wasnotunavoidable."Kolb, C 755S.W.2dat47475."[S]heerbureaucraticindifferenceweighsheavilyagainstthegovernment." ,| UnitedStatesv.MacDonald,632F.2d258,262(4thCir.,1980).InKolb,thiscourtidentified e severalpriorcaseswhereinthedefendant,whohadbeen"lost"inthecorrectionalsystem,was N deniedhisrighttoaspeedytrial.755S.W.2dat475(citingWrightv.State,218Tenn.610,405  7 S.W.2d177(1966);Arrowsmithv.State,131Tenn.480,175S.W.545(1915);Statev.Wallace, !   648S.W.2d264(Tenn.Crim.App.1980)).Insummary,thisfactormustbeassumedagainstthe " ! stateand,becauseofthedegreeofnegligenceinvolved,mustbeassignedconsiderableweight. #"   Thethirdfactorrelatestothetimingoftheassertionoftherighttoaspeedytrial.Because t% $ thedefendantisundernodutytobringhimselftotrial,theabsenceofademandforaspeedytrial ]&!% doesnotamounttoawaiveroftheissue.Bishop,493S.W.2dat84.Nevertheless,thetimeliness F'"& ofthedemandisafactortobeconsideredwhendeterminingwhetherthedefendanthasbeendenied /(#' hisconstitutionalright,whetherunderthestateorthefederalconstitution.Id.InBarker,the )h$( SupremeCourtfoundthat"thedefendant'sassertionofhisspeedytrialright...isentitledtostrong *Q%) evidentiaryweightindeterminingwhetherthedefendantisbeingdeprivedoftheright."407U.S. *:&* at531532. +#'+ Ї  Here,thedefendantmadeaformaldemandforaspeedytrialbyletterdatedSeptember29,  1998,approximatelytwentythreemonthsaftertheindictmentandoverfiveyearsbeforethehearing  onthemotiontodismiss.TheletterwasaddressedtotheMetropolitanPoliceDepartmentin  NashvilleandacopywasdeliveredtotheofficeoftheDavidsonCountyDistrictAttorneyGeneral. k IncarceratedintheDicksonCountyJailatthetimeoftheletter,thedefendantalsoprovidednotice T that,"youcaneasilylocatemebycontactingtheDepartmentofCorrection[]."Therecord =  establishedthatthedefendantdidnotknowthatthechargeswerestillpendinguntilAugustof2003, & v whentherewereonlythirtydaysleftbeforehisparoleeligibilitydate.Duringthehearingonthe  _ motiontodismiss,thedefendanttestifiedthathehadcheckedforadetainer"everyyear"sincehis  H incarceration,"atleast...fourorfiveclassifications...anditwasn'tthere."Whileotherfactswere  1  atissue,thestatemadenoefforttocontradictthispoint.      Becausethedefendantmadeatimelyassertionofhisconstitutionalrighttoaspeedytrialand   thestatefailedtoactinresponse,thisfactorshouldweighinfavorofthedefendant.Again,the   defendantisundernodutytobringhimselftotrial.Whenhehasmadeademandfortherightand n  thestatehasfailedtorespond,thefactormustweighmoreheavilyinfavorofdismissal. W    Asthefinalfactor,thiscourtmustconsiderwhatprejudice,ifany,thedefendanthassuffered )y becauseofthedelaybetweentheindictmentandtrial.InBarker,theUnitedStatesSupremeCourt b expresslyrejectedthenotionthatanaffirmativedemonstrationofprejudicewasessentialtoestablish K adenialofarighttoaspeedytrial.ThatconceptwasconfirmedinMoorev.Arizona,414U.S.25 4 (1973).TheCourtinBarkeridentifiedthreerelevantinterestsinassessingtheprejudicefactor:(1)  whethertherewasanundueoroppressivepretrialincarceration;(2)whetherthedefendantsuffered  anxietyorconcern;and(3)whethertherewasanyimpairmentinthepreparationofadefense,  consideredthemostimportantofthethreeconsiderationspertainingtopotentialprejudice.    Asindicated,thetrialcourtconcludedthattherewasnoundueincarcerationbecausethe Z defendantwasservingasentenceintheDepartmentofCorrectionforasignificantportionofthe C sevenyeardelay.Italsoconcludedthatthedefendanthadfailedtoestablishhowtheabsenceor ,| unavailabilityofMs.Cleggwouldhavehamperedthedefenseorhowthestatemighthavegained e atacticaladvantagebyvirtueofthedelay.Thiscourtdoesnotdisagreewitheitherofthose N findings.  7   Whiletheprejudicefactor,however,isthemostimportantofthefactorsidentifiedinBarker, " ! courtsmustexaminethetotalityofthefactorsandeachandeverycircumstancerelatingtothose #" factorsindeterminingwhenthedefendanthasbeendeniedhisrighttoaspeedytrial.InSmithv. $# Hooey,393U.S.374,378(1969),theUnitedStatesSupremeCourtdeterminedthata"defendant t% $ alreadyinprisonmightreceiveasentenceatleastpartiallyconcurrentwiththeoneheisserving. ]&!% ..[unless]trialonthependingchargeispostponed...."Inthatcase,theHighCourtobservedthat F'"& "thedurationofhispresentimprisonmentmaybeincreased,andtheconditionsunderwhichhemust /(#' servehissentencegreatlyworsened,bythependencyofanothercriminalchargeoutstandingagainst )h$( him."Id.Similarly,inthiscase,thedefendantcouldhaveaddressedtheissueofconcurrent *Q%) sentencingorearlyparolehadthestateconductedtheprosecutionwithduediligence. *:&*  +#'+   Althoughtherecordoftheevidenceisnotparticularlycompellingastowhetherthe  defendantexperiencedundueanxietyorconcernasaresultofthedelayofthetrial,therewasatleast  someevidencethatthedefendantsuffereddepressionandhadreceivedtreatmentforamental  disorder.Whileitwasnotconclusivelyestablishedthatthedefensewouldhavebeenimpaired,as k themostimportantofthethreeprongedprejudicetest,anadverseeffectuponpreparationsisnot T essentialtotheestablishmentofthedenialofarighttospeedytrial.InDoggett,forexample,the =  SupremeCourtdismissedtheprosecution,findingadelayofovereightyearsduetothenegligence & v oftheprosecutiontobe"egregious"andinvolvingthepresumptionofprejudice,"compromis[ing]  _ thereliabilityofatrialinawaysthatneitherpartycanproveor,forthatmatter,identify."505U.S.  H at655.Thosefactsarecomparabletothecircumstanceshere.  1    Inourview,thetotalityofthecircumstancesandtheutilizationofthepertinentfactorsas   firstidentifiedinBarkerestablishthatthedefendanthasbeendeniedhisrighttoaspeedytrial.In   thisinstance,thetrialcourtplacedtoomuchemphasisonthethirdpartoftheprejudicetest.   UnderBarker,allotherfactorsincludingatleasttwoofthethreecomponentsmeasuringprejudice, @ weighheavilyinfavorofthedefense.Accordingly,thejudgmentsarereversedandthecausesare )y dismissed. b    `     h     ___________________________________ 4    `     h     GARYR.WADE,PRESIDINGJUDGE