ÿWPCT  ­Ë™G÷e>_Ø ë•^ ç¡"u ·z2¶B~|éw¥ãƒÔ”`gy±QÏ`#ãì`¬Î¾C#ß³œ£+ ·”=³E?P^ºyV1ûÙÌáÌ8:D€ùæ5&•öø,QÛ7ËNrä²2sÜk`EŽð>u«ãÀhLÄ:J®]Pèg½ÍåýÃáԢ糹ÊÚ¯Hu¡´ÒÚ„Å’õH„Lˆ©t@U\lÛø:r0—\Æ×y~¡T[g6í¤ÕçÌ198¨ÜIüÒüºtÀfxƒokj |o ŽÜ¤¡öDʼðèò%ûû"¾-G²O6@L°ÅúM#ÝQZ‘u¼9ô›q¯äé†*’éªúì r òæ­[eVa.oA”îÌl¦kÝŸ×ðêD7°õƒ#uÿ¿ùÆFiÆóá'œ®šµw:×¼ˆ˜Ĉ,B¿ùÕÅÍ\CÍX)³ž æ×» †©–×%šè1“Abŵ"îÖæªÕûU•Û©G1 Êêç4ªÒ‹ÎÒûŽ/µéÚñ3³w‰¼T!s%•Žj*ýT4ÝMžˆòÀ!ù½”u3½(.*úff¥qZjËIqYñ™Ñu¢±8Pµ¸\ü¬ Kă—I*U:L %† 0ÜŒw@h4¨¼*Ëõ 0 ý 0D U:a U:› › › › › › › › › › › › › › › › › › › BÕ AQò ÆC 0D 0DM 0D‘ ‘ D/Õ Õ B D3! ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX(´`$¡¡Ñ°ÑÒ°ÒÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€‰GXXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ñ ¿ÀÁDÂEÃÄDÅÆSeÇHÈÓ€Ìqæ$3|xÓ Ý ƒ"¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€ X¹«XXXÔÔ€ ChX X¹«ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X¹«X ChÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€10,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ ô ²ôX X¹«ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó(Ð(3 $¤¤Ý ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€¹«XXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular, øð AZ"Arial Regular d!"#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ`!ÝѰÑÒ°ÒÑTR[¤ AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ7€¹«XXdæXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÝ  ÝñÆñ›ñÆññÆñ›ñÆñÒX°ÒÑ` Ñò òÔ€ŠÑŠXXÔñÈñœßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` ttx$X` ð Úrß›ñÈñà@î î DàIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ `  ÐÌà@//)DàAT€KNOXVILLEˆÌÌà@¯¯$DàDECEMBER€SESSION,€1997ˆÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€NO.€03C01„9703„CR„00117Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óAppellee,à h àà À àà  àò ò)à p àSULLIVAN€COUNTYÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ðvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHON.€R.€JERRY€BECK,€JUDGEÐ `  ÐLON€MITCHELL€PIERCE,€JR.,à  à)Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p à(FELONY€MURDER;€THEFT€OVERÐ ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óAppellant.ò òà h àà À àà  à)à p à$10,000;€MISDEMEANOR€THEFT;Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àEVADING€ARREST)Ð ` Ðó óÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àà p àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð Pð ÐÌò òJAMES€S.€ROACHó óà h àà À àò òà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÐ @à ÐAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€and€ReporterÐ @ à Ð128€E.€Market€Streetà h àÐ 8!Ø ÐJohnson€City,€TN€€37604à À àà  àà p àò òMARVIN€E.€CLEMENTS,€JR.ó óÐ 0"Ð Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€Generalà (# àandÐ 0#Ð Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìò òDONALD€E.€SPURRELLó óà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€37243à Ð àà (# àÐ &¸ ÐAttorney€at€Lawà  àÐ '¸ Ð128€E.€Market€Streetà h àà À àà  àÐ (° ÐJohnson€City,€TN€€37604à À àà  àà p àò òH.€GREELEY€WELLSó óÐ )¨  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òTERESA€M.€SMITHó óÐ ø+˜"# Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àP.O.€Box€526Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àBlountville,€TN€€37617Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÐ  ˜88/0S ÐÓÓÑ  Ñà@÷÷,Dàòòò òÔ‡°0Ö°ŠŠÑÔOPINIONÔ#†ŠÑа°0Ö˜#Ôóóó óˆÐ `  ÐÓ  Óà ` àà ¸ àThe€Appellant,€Lon€Mitchell€Pierce,€Jr.,€was€found€guilty€by€a€SullivanÏCounty€jury€of€the€crimes€of€first€degree€felony€murder,€theft€over€$10,000,Ïmisdemeanor€theft,€and€evading€arrest.€€At€the€time€of€the€instant€offenses,€theÏAppellant€was€fifteen€years€of€age.€€Following€a€hearing€in€the€Juvenile€Court,€theÏAppellant€was€transferred€to€the€Criminal€Court€for€trial€as€an€adult.€€Although€theÏAppellant€was€also€indicted€on€a€charge€of€simple€possession€of€cocaine,€the€juryÏreturned€a€verdict€of€not€guilty€as€to€this€count.€€In€accordance€with€the€sentencingÏprovisions€for€the€capital€crime€of€felony€murder,€the€trial€court€fixed€the€AppellantððsÏsentence€at€life€imprisonment.€€Following€a€sentencing€hearing€for€the€remainingÏconvictions,€the€trial€court€imposed€an€effective€sentence€of€four€years€and€orderedÏthat€this€sentence€run€concurrently€to€the€life€sentence.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€theÏAppellant€raises€the€following€issues:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` à€€I.à0¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€State€of€Tennessee€had€jurisdiction€over€theÐ D%ä Ðoffenses€of€felony€murder€and€felony€theft;Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà8 ` à€II.à0¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€AppellantððsÐ ,(Ì Ðconviction€for€felony€murder;Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà8 ` àIII.à0¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€trial€court€properly€denied€the€Appellantððs€requestÐ +´!! Ðfor€special€instructions€regarding€the€felony€murder€charge;Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà8 ` àIV.à0¸ ` (#` (#àWhether€the€court€properly€charged€the€jury€regarding€lesserÐ ü-œ$$ Ðoffenses€of€felony€murder;€andÐ ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÌà8 ` à€V.à0¸ ` (#` (#à€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€jury€to€sentence€theÐ ä0„'' ÐAppellant€to€life€in€prison.Ð ¸ (#¸ (# ÐÓÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àAfter€a€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trialÏcourt.ÌÐ ¤8D// Ðà@*DàBackgroundˆÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAlthough€the€events€which€resulted€in€the€Appellantððs€conviction€forÏfelony€murder€occurred€on€November€22,€1995,€in€Sullivan€County,€Tennessee,€theÏevents€which€ultimately€lead€to€this€tragedy€began€in€Orlando,€Florida€on€NovemberÏ2,€1995.€€On€this€date€in€Orlando,€Nora€Comacho€and€her€husband€stopped€at€aÏconvenience€store€for€gasoline.€€Passengers€in€the€Comachoððs€blue€1995€DodgeÏCaravan€included€their€fourteen€year€old€daughter,€Sarah,€the€Appellant,€age€fifteen,Ïhis€sixteen€year€old€girlfriend,€April€Worley,€and€a€four€year€old€child€in€Worleyððs€care.ÏMrs.€Comacho€entered€the€convenience€store€to€purchase€a€soft€drink€for€herÏdaughter.€€Upon€Mrs.€Comachoððs€return€to€the€minivan,€an€argument€ensuedÏbetween€herself€and€her€daughter,€Sarah,€because€the€soft€drink€was€in€a€cup€andÏnot€in€a€bottle.€€Mr.€Comacho€got€out€of€the€minivan€and€went€to€purchase€a€bottledÏsoft€drink€for€his€daughter.€€Meanwhile,€Mrs.€Comacho€began€to€pump€gasoline€intoÏthe€minivanððs€gas€tank.€€Sarah€ð ðslipped€over€in€the€driverððs€seat,€hit€the€automaticÏ[door]€locks,€turned€the€ignition€on€and€drove€off€with€the€gas€hose€in€the€van.ðð€€AnÏemployee€of€the€convenience€store€immediately€notified€the€Orlando€PoliceÏDepartment.€€Nora€Comacho€advised€law€enforcement€authorities€that€her€daughterÏhad€taken€her€vehicle€on€two€prior€occasions,€only€to€be€returned€without€legalÏrepercussions.€However,€regarding€the€present€offense,€she€advised€authorities€thatÏshe€wanted€to€press€charges.€€The€Dodge€Caravan€was€subsequently€entered€intoÏthe€NCIC€computer€to€provide€a€nationwide€bulletin€of€the€stolen€vehicle.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAfter€fleeing€the€convenience€store,€Sarah€Comacho€commandeeredÏthe€minivan€for€approximately€twenty€minutes€before€asking€the€Appellant€to€driveÐ  :À00 Ðdue€to€her€inexperience.€€The€Appellant€took€control€of€the€vehicle€and€returned€theÏfour€year€old€child€to€his€home.€€April€Worley€suggested€that€the€trio€travel€to€Bristol,ÏVirginia,€in€order€to€visit€her€grandmother.€€With€the€Appellant€and€Worley€driving€inÏalternating€shifts,€the€trio€reached€Virginia€in€about€twelve€hours.€€For€the€nextÏseveral€weeks,€the€teenagers€stayed€with€Worleyððs€grandmother€at€her€residence€inÏthe€Rice€Terrace€Apartments€and€in€local€motels.€€The€three€spent€their€time€ð ðmostlyÏ[riding]€around€.€.€.€to€different€cities€[in€Tennessee].ðð€€During€this€period,€the€groupÏwas€involved€in€several€incidents€of€shoplifting,€and€on€one€occasion,€ð ðSarahÏ[Comacho]€got€caught€shoplifting€a€Notre€Dame€jacket€from€K„Mart€in€Kingsport.ðð€ÏAlthough€they€were€able€to€escape,€the€group€feared€that€the€store€personnel€hadÏobtained€the€license€plate€number€of€the€minivan.€€This€concern€prompted€the€trioÏto€steal€a€ð ðlicense€plate€from€the€same€color€and€type€van€[they]€were€driving.ðð€€TheyÏlocated€Laura€Alice€Rippetoe€Bassettððs€light€blue€Dodge€Caravan,€bearing€SullivanÏCounty€tag€number€396„NXX,€near€the€Target€store€in€Johnson€City.€€After€stealingÏthe€plate,€they€ð ð€threw€the€old€plate€in€the€dumpster€at€a€mini„market.ððÌÌà ` àà ¸ àTwenty€days€after€the€theft€of€the€van€from€Nora€ñÆñœñÆñComachoñ¿ñ€in€Floridañ¿ñ,ñÆñ›ñÆñÏpolice€officers€in€Bristol,€Virginia,€received€information€concerning€a€possible€stolenÏblue€Dodge€minivan€located€in€the€Rice€Terrace€area.€€At€approximately€3:15€p.m.Ïon€November€22,€1995,€Officers€Matthew€Quillen€and€Vic€Jordan€located€a€vehicleÏmatching€this€description€parked€on€Buckner€Street€near€the€Rice€TerraceÏApartments.€€Although€the€van€appeared€unoccupied€and€the€officers€neverÏobserved€anyone€enter€the€van,€the€van€pulled€out€of€the€parking€lot€about€tenÏminutes€later.€€The€officers€noticed€that€a€male,€later€identified€as€the€Appellant,€wasÏdriving€the€van€and€that€a€female,€later€identified€as€April€Worley,€occupied€the€frontÐ  :À00 Ðpassenger€seat.€€Quillen€and€Jordan€began€following€the€minivan.€€As€the€vanÏapproached€an€intersection,€it€failed€to€stop€before€turning€right.€€At€this€point€theÏofficers€turned€on€the€patrol€carððs€blue€lights€to€initiate€a€vehicle€stop.€€The€van€failedÏto€respond,€accelerated,€and€proceeded€to€pass€a€school€bus€that€was€unloadingÏchildren.€€At€this€point,€the€officers€activated€the€emergency€sirens.€€After€a€threeÏminute€pursuit€through€Bristol,€Virginia,€during€which€the€Appellant€continued€toÏviolate€numerous€traffic€laws,€the€minivan€crossed€into€the€state€of€Tennessee.€ÏBristol,€Tennessee€police€were€notified€of€the€pursuit€and€Quillen€and€JordanÏreturned€to€Virginia.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àBristol,€Tennessee€Police€Officer€James€Breuer€continued€the€pursuitÏof€the€minivan.€€Like€his€Virginia€counterpart,€Breuer€activated€all€emergencyÏequipment€on€his€patrol€car,€however,€the€Appellant€refused€to€stop.€€BreuerÏdescribed€his€pursuit€as€a€low€speed€chase,€approximately€forty„five€miles€per€hourÏin€a€twenty„five€mile€per€hour€speed€zone,€during€which€time€the€Appellant€continuedÏto€violate€traffic€laws.€€Breuer€stated€that€the€minivan€ð ðwould€slow€down€almost€to€aÏstop€to€allow€vehicles€in€front€of€him€to€pull€over.ðð€€At€one€point€during€the€pursuit,€theÏvan€ð ðtappedðð€the€back€of€a€civilian€vehicle€at€an€intersection,€which€caused€BreuerððsÏpatrol€car€to€hit€the€back€end€of€the€van.€€No€damage€resulted€to€either€vehicle.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àLieutenant€Danny€Baines€joined€Breuerððs€fourteen€and€one„half€mileÏpursuit€as€the€chase€proceeded€away€from€the€Bristol€city€limits.€€Once€leaving€theÏcity€limits,€Captain€Daryll€Chambers€of€the€Sullivan€County€Sheriffððs€Department€tookÏthe€lead.€€Although€the€Bristol€police€officers€continued€as€backup€in€the€pursuit,€theÏofficers€deactivated€their€emergency€equipment.€€Both€Bristol€police€officers€andÐ  :À00 ÐSullivan€County€deputies€were€notified€that€the€possible€stolen€vehicle€may€containÏboth€narcotics€and€weapons.€€The€chase€continued€throughout€the€county€on€RouteÏ44,€with€speeds€varying€between€twenty„five€miles€per€hour€to€sixty„five€miles€perÏhour.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àDeputy€Steve€Mullins€radioed€to€Chambers€that€ð ðhe€was.€.€.comingÏdown€old€421€and€he€advised€he€would€come€down€Hickory€Tree€Road€and€try€to€cutÏthem€off.ðð€€€Shortly€thereafter,€Chambers€was€able€to€spot€the€blue€lights€of€MullinsððÏpatrol€car,€approximately€four„tenths€of€a€mile€in€the€distance.€€It€appeared€thatÏMullins€had€ð ða€road€block€set€upðð€with€his€vehicle.€€Although€Mullinsðð€patrol€carÏextended€approximately€two€feet€over€the€center€line,€enough€room€remained€inÏwhich€a€vehicle€could€safely€maneuver€around€the€deputy's€car.€€Proof€wasÏintroduced€at€trial€based€upon€a€reconstruction€of€the€collision.€The€reconstructionÏrevealed€that€oncoming€traffic€could€safely€maneuver€around€the€positioned€patrolÏcar.€€In€fact,€a€Ford€pickup€truck€pulling€a€dual€axle€cattle€trailer€was€able€to€pass.€ÏThe€reenactment€also€revealed€that€a€vehicle€traveling€approximately€55€to€60€milesÏper€hour€could€safely€maneuver€past€the€parked€patrol€car€and€turn€onto€Green€RoadÏimmediately€past€the€road€block.€€Additional€testimony€indicated€that€the€AppellantÏcould€have€turned€on€to€a€side€road€prior€to€reaching€the€roadblock.€€Deputy€MullinsÏpositioned€himself€behind€the€patrol€car,€and€raised€his€weapon€at€the€oncoming€van.€ÏChambers€testified€that,€as€the€minivan€approached€the€roadblock:€ÌÓÓà8 ` à.€.€.the€van€slowed€some.€€It€was€in€my€mind€at€that€time€that€it€wasÏgoing€to€stop.€€But,€he€slowed€down€to€a€constant€speed€and€then€heÏdidnððt,€he€didnððt€slow€down€any€more€and€I€was€still€right€behind€him.€ÏHe€proceeded€on€towards€where€the€cruiser€was€at€in€the€highway.€€HeÏdidnððt€try€to€avoid€collision€with€the€cruiser.€€He€didnððt€try€to€go€to€theÏright.€€He€didnððt,€he€drove€straight€into€the€front€of€that€cruiser.€€€.€.€.€ÏUpon€impact,€the€van€veered€off€to€the€right.€[Deputy]€Mullins,€it€justÐ  :À00 Ðsent€him€flying€through€the€air,€like€a€rag€doll€really,€just,€he€went€backÏand€they€[sic]€was€a€tire€truck€.€.€.€parked€some€distance€from€theÏcruiser€behind€the€cruiser.€€And,€it€knocked€him€back,€it€looked€like€heÏhit€the€front€of€the€truck€and€then€veered€off€to€the€right,€landed€in€theÏmiddle€of€the€highway.€.€.€.€€I€jumped€out€of€my€cruiser€and€I€run€toÏSteve€and€hollered€at€him€and€shook€him,€and€he€was€bleeding€real,Ïreal€bad€he€was€bleeding.€.€.€.€€And,€then€he€quit€bleeding,€he€wasnððtÏbleeding€any€more€and€I€checked€his€pulse,€he€didnððt€have€a€pulse,€heÏwasnððt€breathing.€.€.€.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌÓÓÌDeputy€Mullins,€a€nineteen€year€veteran€of€the€Sheriffððs€Department,€died€on€theÏscene€as€a€result€of€massive€head€injuries€sustained€during€the€incident.€€The€BristolÏpolice€officers€already€on€the€scene€arrested€the€Appellant,€April€Worley,€and€SarahÏComacho.€€No€weapons€were€found€in€the€vehicle,€although€officers€did€discoverÏone„tenth€of€one€gram€of€cocaine,€which€the€teens€stated€belonged€to€Worleyððs€aunt.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€a€subsequent€statement€to€law€enforcement€officers,€the€AppellantÏexplained€that€ð ð[t]he€reason€I€didnððt€stop€[during€the€pursuit€by€law€enforcementÏofficials]€was€because€I€was€scared€.€.€.€all€I€wanted€to€do€was€get€on€the€interstateÏand€get€out€of€the€van€and€leave€it€there€and€get€away€from€it.€.€.€.ðð€€Furthermore,€heÏrecounted€his€version€of€the€collision€resulting€in€Deputy€Mullinsðð€death:ÌÓÓÌà8 ` àI€saw€the€police€car€pull€out€across€the€road€in€front€of€me.€€He€wasÏacross€his€lane€and€in€my€lane€just€a€little€bit,€but€I€had€enough€room€toÏgo€around€him€in€my€lane.€€I€was€trying€to€go€around€him€and€thatððsÏwhat€I€wanted€to€do.€€Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` àI€saw€the€police€officer€open€his€car€door€and€he€pointed€a€.€.€.€pistol€atÏthe€van.€.€.€.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` à€When€I€saw€the€pistol,€I€thought€I€put€my€foot€on€the€brake,€Iððm€not€sureÏif€I€did€or€not.€€I€let€go€of€the€steering€wheel€and€ducked€straight€downÏwith€my€arms€covering€my€face.€I€then€heard€and€felt€the€crash€andÏknew€Iððd€hit€something.€€I€thought€I€was€swerving€to€the€right€and€wouldÏmiss€the€police€officer€when€I€ducked€my€head.€ÓÓÐ9¼//` (#` (# Їà ` àà ¸ àBased€upon€the€evidence€presented€at€trial,€the€jury€found€the€AppellantÏguilty€of€felony€murder,€felony€theft€of€the€minivan,€misdemeanor€theft€of€a€licenseÏplate,€and€evading€arrest.€ÌÌà@’’'DàI.€€Jurisdiction€ˆÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€his€first€issue,€the€Appellant€challenges€his€conviction€for€felony€theftÏof€the€minivan€which€established€the€predicate€offense€for€his€first€degree€murderÏconviction.€€The€Appellant,€citing€only€an€Illinois€case€as€authority,€argues€that€theÏState€of€Tennessee€lacked€jurisdiction€to€prosecute€the€Appellant€for€a€felonyÏcommitted€in€Florida€and€a€killing€committed€in€Tennessee.€€òòA€fortiorióó,€if€there€wasÐ °P Ðno€theft,€there€could€be€no€felony€murder€conviction.€€He€offers€no€argument€orÏexplanation€in€support€of€his€conclusory€statement.€€As€such,€he€has€effectivelyÏwaived€review€of€this€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7);€Tenn.€ñÆñœñÆñCt.ñÆñ›ñÆñ€Crim.€App.€ñÆñœñÆñR.Ï10(b).ñÆñ›ñÆñ€€Notwithstanding€waiver,€we€elect€to€proceed€upon€the€merits€of€theÏAppellantððs€contention.€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAny€person€is€liable€to€punishment€under€the€laws€of€this€state€for€anÏoffense€committed€either€wholly€or€partly€within€this€state.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ ð-$$ Ð39„11„103(a).€€Rule€18€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€provides,€inÏpart:ÌÓÓà8 ` à(a)€.€.€.€offenses€shall€be€prosecuted€in€the€county€where€the€offenseÏwas€committed.Ð ` (#` (# ÐÌà8 ` à(d)€Offenses€committed€wholly€or€in€part€outside€this€state,€underÏcircumstances€that€give€this€state€jurisdiction€to€prosecute€the€offender,Ïâ âmay€be€prosecuted€in€any€county€in€which€an€element€of€the€offenseÐ 9¼// Ðoccurs,€or€in€the€case€of€an€offense€committed€wholly€outside€this€stateÏin€any€county€in€which€the€offender€is€found.€€Ð ` (#` (# Ðâ âÓxEÓÌà ` àà ¸ àThere€is€no€dispute€that€Deputy€Mullins€was€killed€in€Sullivan€County,ÏTennessee.€€Thus,€the€State€has€jurisdiction€over€this€homicide.€€However,€the€penalÏlaws€of€a€particular€sovereignty€usually€have€no€extraterritorial€effect€and,€since€oneÏsovereignty€cannot€enforce€the€penal€laws€of€another€or€punish€offenses€committedÏin€and€against€another€sovereignty,€it€is€a€general€rule€of€criminal€law€that€the€courtsÏof€a€particular€sovereignty€have€no€jurisdiction€of€offenses€committed€outside€theirÏsovereignððs€territorial€jurisdiction.€€22€C.J.S.€òòCriminal€Lawóó€ðð€161(a)€(1989).€€òòSee€alsoóóÐ  @ ÐòòCoffee€v.€Peterbilt€of€Nashville,€Inc.óó,€795€S.W.2d€656,€659€(Tenn.€1990);€21€òòAm.€Jur.Ð ¨H Ð2dóó€òòCriminal€Lawóó€ðð€344€(1981);€P.H.€Vartanian,€Annotation,€òòLarceny€in€Other€StateÐ °P Ðor€Countryóó,€156€A.L.R.€862,€863€(1945).€€Thus,€although€a€criminal€may€be€foundÐ ¸X Ðwithin€its€territorial€borders,€a€state€will€not€attempt€to€punish€a€person€for€theÏcommission€in€another€state€of€a€crime€which€is€consummated€and€which€is€not€ofÏsuch€continuing€nature€as€to€constitute€an€infringement€of€the€laws€of€the€forum€afterÏthe€alleged€criminal€has€entered€its€territorial€jurisdiction.€€òòSeeóó€P.H.€Vartanian,Ð Ø'x ÐAnnotation,€òòLarceny€in€Other€State€or€County,€óóA.L.R.€at€863.€The€Appellant€contendsÐ à)€  Ðthat,€since€the€felony€theft€of€the€Comacho€van€occurred€in€the€State€of€Florida,€theÏState€of€Tennessee€lacks€jurisdiction€over€the€offense.€€Again,€if€there€is€no€theft,Ïthere€can€be€no€felony€murder.€€€Accordingly,€we€are€confronted€with€the€followingÏquestion:€€Is€a€person€criminally€liable€for€theft€under€our€current€criminal€code€if€thatÏperson€steals€property€outside€this€state€and€brings€the€stolen€property€intoÏTennessee?€€We€answer€in€the€affirmative.Ìâ âÐ 8¸.. Ðà ` àà ¸ à€According€to€an€ancient€rule€of€common€law,€if€a€man€stole€goods€inÏâ âone€county€and€carried€them€into€another,€he€might€be€indicted€and€tried€in€either;Ïbecause,€for€convenience€sake,€it€was€easier€to€try€the€offender€in€the€county€inÏwhich€he€was€apprehended,€although€the€law€of€venue€required€that€the€crime€beÏtried€by€a€jury€of€the€vicinage.€€òòSeeóó€P.H.€Vartanian,€Annotation,€òòLarceny€in€OtherÐ €  ÐState€or€Countryóó,€156€A.L.R.€at€864,€footnote€3€(citing€òòState€v.€Le€Blanchóó,€31€N.J.L.Ð ˆ(  Ð82€(1864)).€€Thus,€a€legal€fiction€was€created,€that€is,€ÌÓÓà8 ` àthe€continued€possession€of€stolen€property,€òòanimo€furandióó,€is,€at€everyÐ ˜8 Ðstep,€a€new€caption€and€that€therefore€the€stealing€of€property€in€oneÏcounty€of€the€State€and€taking€it€into€another€was€larceny€in€the€latterÏcounty.€€Every€momentððs€possession€by€the€thief€is€a€continuance€of€theÏtrespass,€and€amounts,€in€legal€contemplation,€to€a€new€caption€andÏasportation.ÓÈQÓ€€òòЬL` (#` (# ÐState€v.€Matthewsóó,€87€Tenn.€689,€691„92,€11€S.W.€793,€793„94€(1889)€(citationsÐ ´T Ðomitted).€€òòSee€alsoóó€€21€òòAm.€Jur.€Ô‡ ŠœëŠŠœëÔóó€2d€òòCriminal€Lawóó€ðð€353;Ô#†ŠœëŠŠ Šœë>T#Ô€P.H.€Vartanian,€Annotation,Ð ¼ \ ÐòòLarceny€in€Other€State€or€Countryóó,€156€A.L.R.€at€866.Ð Ä"d ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€State€of€Tennessee,€which€had€at€one€time€rejected€this€theory,€òòseeóó€Ð Ô&t ÐòòSimpson€v.€Stateóó,€23€Tenn.€(4€Hum.)€455€(1844),€legitimatized€this€fiction€of€theÐ Ü(| Ðcommon€law€through€the€enactment€of€statutes€providing€in€substance€that€ð ð[w]hereÏproperty€is€stolen€in€another€State€and€brought€into€this€State,€the€jurisdiction€is€inÏany€county€into€which€the€property€is€brought,ðð€€òòMatthewsóó,€87€Tenn.€at€690,€11€S.W.Ð ô.”%% Ðat€793€(quoting€Tenn.€Code€ðð€4977€(1857));€òòsee€alsoóó€òòHenry€v.€Stateóó,€47€Tenn.€(7Ð ü0œ'' ÐCold.)€331,€333€(1870),€and€by€making€it€an€offense€in€this€state€to€ð ðbring€into€thisÏstate€personal€property€stolen€in€another€state,€knowing€the€same€to€have€beenÏstolen.ðð€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€ðð€4697€(1857);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„3„1115Ð 7´-- Ð(òòrepealedóó€1989).€€This€crime€is€authorized,€not€for€the€crime€committed€in€the€otherÐ 9¼// Ðstate,€but€for€the€larceny€committed€within€this€state€by€the€act€of€bringing€stolenÏproperty€into€the€jurisdiction.€€òòSeeóó€50€òòAm.€Jur.€óó2d€òòLarcenyóó€ðð€126€(1995).€€€€Ð h  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àArgument€may€be€made€that,€with€the€enactment€of€the€1989€CriminalÏCode,€based€largely€on€the€Model€Penal€Code,€Tennessee€abolished€the€offense€ofÏbringing€stolen€property€into€this€state.€€We€hold€to€the€contrary.€€With€the€passageÏof€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„14„101€òòet€ñÆñœñÆñseq.óó,ñÆñ›ñÆñ€the€legislature€eliminatedÐ 0  Ðthe€traditional€distinctions€between€various€unlawful€takings€in€favor€of€one€generalÏtheft€statute.€€òòState€v.€ñÆñœñÆñByrdóó,€No.€03S01„9705„CR„00057,€slip€op.€at€4,€Sevier€CountyÐ  @ Ð(Tenn.,ñÆñ›ñÆñ€ñÆñœñÆñKnoxville€(heard€at€Kingsport),€AprilñÆñ›ñÆñ€ñÆñœñÆñ27,€1998).ñÆñ›ñÆñ€€The€reason€for€the€changeÏwas€to€replace€ð ðantiquated€and€confusing€statutes€with€a€modern€easily€understoodÏlanguage.ðð€€Sentencing€Commission€Comments,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„101.€ÏAlthough€the€new€chapter€eliminated€the€antiquated€terminology€of€the€old,€itÏcontinues€to€prohibit€the€criminal€conduct€contemplated€by€the€former€theft€statutes,Ð È#h Ðòòseeóó€òòByrdóó,€ñÆñœñÆñNo.€03S01„9705„CR„00057,€slip€op.€at€4ñ½ñ,€ñ½ññÆñ›ñÆñ€thereby,€clearly€encompassingÐ Ð%p Ðthe€offense€of€bringing€stolen€property€into€the€state.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„3„Ð Ø'x Ð1115.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„14„101€provides:ÌÓÓà8 ` àConduct€denominated€as€theft€in€this€part€constitutes€a€single€offenseÏembracing€the€separate€offenses€heretofore€known€as:€embezzlement,Ïfalse€pretense,€fraudulent€conversion,€larceny,€receiving/concealingÏstolen€property,€and€òòotheróó€similar€offenses.Ðô.”%%` (#` (# ÐÌ(emphasis€added).€€ÌÌÌÌÓq_Óà ` àà ¸ àIn€construing€that€"bringing€stolen€property€into€this€state"€is€included€asÏâ âan€"other€similar€offense"€within€the€general€theft€provision€of€the€current€code,€weÐ 7´-- Ðrely€upon€references€to€judicial€decisions€and€common€law€interpretations€to€effectÏthe€objectives€of€the€code.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„104.Ð h  Ðâ âÌà ` àà ¸ àWhile€the€general€theft€statute€prohibits€the€same€conduct€as€the€former,Ïthe€State€is€no€longer€required€to€prove€the€elements€of€the€former€in€order€to€gainÏconviction€under€the€current€ñÆñœñÆñstatute.ñ¾ñ€€›ñ¾ñòòñ¾ñSeeñ¾ñóóñ¾ñ€›ñ¾ñòòñ¾ñByrdñ¾ñóóñ¾ñ,€›C.C.A.€›No.€›03C01„9505„CR„00145.ñ¾ññÆñ›ñÆñ€By€its€terms,€Tennessee€Code€AnnotatedÐ ˆ(  Ðsection€39„14„103€provides€that€ð ð[a]€person€commits€theft€of€property€if,€with€intentÏto€deprive€the€owner€of€property,€the€person€knowingly€obtains€or€exercises€controlÏover€the€property€without€the€ownerððs€effective€consent.ðð€€In€the€present€case,€it€isÏundisputed€that€the€Appellant€exercised€control€over€Nora€Comachoððs€1995€DodgeÏCaravan,€without€Ms.€Comachoððs€consent,€while€in€Sullivan€County,€Tennessee.€ÏòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„103;€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€18.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð ¸X ÐÌà@žžDàII.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÌÌà ` àà ¸ àNext,€the€Appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÏhis€conviction€for€felony€murder€committed€during€the€perpetration€of€a€theft.€€TheÏAppellant€does€not€contest€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€resulting€in€his€convictionsÏfor€felony€theft,€misdemeanor€theft,€and€evading€arrest.€€Relying€extensively€uponÏa€prior€opinion€by€a€panel€of€this€court,€òòState€v.€Gilliamóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03„C„01„9109„Ð ø/˜&& ÐCR„00287,€Hamilton€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Apr.€20,€1992),€òòperm.€toÐ 2 (( Ðappeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.€Sept.€21,€1992),€he€limits€his€sufficiency€issue€to€whether€theÐ 4¨** Ðhomicide€was€merely€incidental,€and€not€in€perpetration€of,€the€underlying€offense.€ÏAdditionally,€he€challenges€the€constitutionality€of€the€felony€murder€statute.€€OurÏsupreme€court€has,€on€previous€occasions,€addressed€this€issue€and€determinedÐ  :À00 Ðthat€the€felony€murder€statute€is€ð ða€legitimate€and€òòconstitutionalóó€legislative€function.ðð€Ð `  ÐòòState€v.€Walkeróó,€893€S.W.2d€429,€430€(Tenn.€1995)€(emphasis€added).€€TheÐ h  ÐAppellant€questions€the€trial€courtððs€interpretation€of€the€language€ð ðany€.€.€.€theftðð€toÏinclude€misdemeanor€thefts.€€A€panel€of€this€court€has€recently€addressed€this€veryÏargument€and,€relying€upon€òòWalkeróó,€concluded€that€it€was€the€legislatureððs€intent€toÐ €  Ðencompass€all€theft€offenses,€regardless€of€monetary€value€of€the€property€stolen,Ïwithin€the€felony€murder€statute.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Harrisóó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9603„CR„Ð 0  Ð00095€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€€Jackson,€Dec.€3,€1997);€€òòWalkeróó,€893€S.W.2d€at€430Ð ˜8 Ð(citing€òòState€v.€Hopperóó,€695€S.W.2d€530,€535€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985));€òòsee€alsoóóÐ  @ ÐòòState€v.€Randolphóó,€676€S.W.2d€943,€946€(Tenn.€1984).€€Thus,€we€reject€theÐ ¨H ÐAppellantððs€constitutional€challenge€to€Tennesseeððs€felony€murder€statute.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€verdict€based€upon€the€sufficiency€ofÏthe€evidence,€this€court€must€review€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosecution€and€determine€whether€ð ðany€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€theÏessential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ð Ø'x Ð443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€òòState€v.€Cazesóó,€875€S.W.2d€253,Ð à)€  Ð259€(Tenn.€1994);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€We€do€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€theÏevidence;€these€are€issues€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571Ð ð-$$ ÐS.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Furthermore,€a€guilty€verdict€accredits€the€testimonyÏof€the€witnesses€for€the€State,€and€a€presumption€of€guilt€replaces€the€presumptionÏof€innocence.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€Guilt€may€beÐ 4¨** Ðpredicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€directÏand€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Careyóó,€914€S.W.2d€93,€95€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð 8¸.. Ð1995).Ð  :À00 Їà ` àà ¸ àIn€order€to€determine€the€issue€of€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€in€thisÏcase,€the€controlling€statutes€must€be€analyzed.€€Appellant€was€convicted€of€firstÏdegree€murder€in€the€perpetration€of€a€theft.€€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€sectionÏ39„13„202€embodies€what€is€commonly€referred€to€as€ð ðfelony€murderðð€and€definesÏit€in€part€as€ð ð[a]€killing€of€another€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€or€attempt€toÏperpetrate€ò òanyó ó€.€.€.€ò òtheftó ó.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(2)€(emphasis€added).€Ð ˆ(  ÐA€person€is€guilty€of€the€crime€of€theft€if€ð ðwith€intent€to€deprive€the€owner€of€property,Ïthe€person€knowingly€obtains€ò òor€exercises€control€over€the€propertyó ó€without€theÐ ˜8 Ðownerððs€effective€consent.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„103€(emphasis€added).€€PriorÏto€the€1989€revision€of€the€criminal€code,€the€only€type€of€theft€included€in€the€felonyÏmurder€statute€was€larceny.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„2„202€(Supp.€1982)Ð °P Ð(repealed€1989).€€ÌñÆñœñÆññÁñÌñÁññÆñ›œñÆññÀñà ` àà ¸ àUnder€the€new€criminal€code,€the€crime€of€ð ðtheftðð€includes€the€separateÏoffenses€previously€known€as€embezzlement,€false€pretense,€fraudulent€conversion,Ïlarceny,€receiving€stolen€property,€concealing€stolen€property,€and€other€similarÏoffenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„101.€€Indeed,€the€Sentencing€CommissionÏComments€clearly€state€that€ð ð[œt]his›€[statute]€represents€a€major€structural€change€inÏTennessee€theft€law€by€replacing€antiquated€and€confusing€statutes€with€a€modernÏeasily€understood€language.€€This€section€clearly€provides€that€the€new€genericÏoffense€of€theft€includes€and€replaces€the€traditional€theft€offenses€of€embezzlement,Ïfalse€pretense,€fraudulent€conversion,€larceny,€receiving€or€concealing€stolenÏproperty,€and€shoplifting.ðð€€Sentencing€Commission€Comments,€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÏ39„14„101.€€€€€€ÌñÀññÆñ›ñÆñÌà ` àà ¸ àIt€is€well„established€that€the€fundamental€role€of€this€Court€in€construingÏstatutes€is€to€ascertain€and€give€effect€to€legislative€intent.€€òòState€v.€ñÆñœñÆñSligerñÆñ›ñÆñóó,€846Ð Ð%p ÐS.W.2d€262,€263€(Tenn.€1993).€€The€Legislature€is€presumed€to€know€the€existingÏstate€of€the€law€when€it€enacts€a€statute.€€òòOwens€v.€Stateóó,€908€S.W.2d€923,€926Ð à)€  Ð(Tenn.€1995).€€Moreover,€the€Legislature€has€said€that€statutes€must€ð ðbe€construedÏaccording€to€the€fair€import€of€their€terms,€including€reference€to€judicial€decisionsÏand€common€law€interpretations.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„104.€€Where,€as€here,€Ïthe€intent€of€the€Legislature€appears€clear€when€reading€the€ordinary€meaning€of€theÏstatutory€language,€this€Court€should€not€limit€or€extend€that€languageððs€import,Ïregardless€of€how€we€might€perceive€the€equities€of€the€cause.€€òòOverman€v.óóÐ 6°,, ÐòòOvermanóó,€570€S.W.2d€857,€859€(Tenn.€1978).€€By€the€Legislature€not€limiting€theÐ 8¸.. Ðterm€ð ðtheftðð€in€the€felony€murder€statute,€then€we€can€only€conclude€that€theÐ  :À00 ÐLegislature€intended€it€to€embody€all€types€of€theft,€including€all€types€formerlyÏdefined€as€something€other€than€larceny.€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAs€noted€above,€the€Appellant€principally€relies€upon€the€case€of€òòStateÐ x Ðv.€ñÆñœñÆñGilliamñÆñ›ñÆñóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03„C„01„9109„CR„00287,€Hamilton€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,Ð €  ÐKnoxville,€Apr.€20,€1992),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€(Tenn.,€Sept.€21,€1992).€€TheÐ ˆ(  Ðinstant€case,€however,€can€be€distinguished€from€òòñÆñœñÆñGilliamñÆñ›ñÆñóó.€€In€òòñÆñœñÆñGilliamñÆñ›ñÆñóó,€the€courtÐ 0  Ðfocused€on€the€fact€that€the€underlying€felony€of€theft€was€òòtheftóó€òòbyóó€òòtakingóó€and€that€theÐ ˜8 ÐAppellantððs€purpose€was€to€steal€the€car€and€that€this€goal€had€been€accomplished.€ÏòòIdóó.€at€3.€€In€the€instant€case,€the€theft€with€which€Appellant€was€charged€andÐ ¨H Ðconvicted€was€based€on€his€ò òexercise€of€controló ó€over€the€stolen€property€without€theÐ °P Ðownerððs€effective€consent.€€€The€police€chase€was€already€in€progress€when€theÏcrime€of€theft€(exercising€control€over€the€stolen€property)€occurred€in€SullivanÏCounty,€Tennessee.€€Because€Appellant€was€driving€the€stolen€vehicle€at€the€timeÏof€the€incident,€he€was€certainly€exercising€control€over€the€stolen€property.€€òòSeeóóÐ Ð%p ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„14„103.€€The€Appellant€explained€that€ð ð[ñÆñœñÆñt]heñÆñ›ñÆñ€reason€I€didnððtÏstop€[during€the€pursuit€by€law€enforcement€officials]€was€because€I€was€ñÆñœñÆñscared€Ì.€.€.ñÆñ›ñÆñ€all€I€wanted€to€do€was€get€on€the€interstate€and€get€out€of€the€van€and€leave€itÏthere€and€get€away€from€it.ðð€Obviously,€from€Appellantððs€statement,€he€was€in€the€actÏof€exercising€control€over€the€stolen€property€as€he€admitted€that€he€wanted€to€getÏrid€of€property€of€which€he€was€not€the€owner.€€Furthermore,€the€instant€case€can€beÏdistinguished€from€òòñÆñœñÆñGilliamñÆñ›ñÆñóó€in€that€the€officers€involved€here€knew€that€the€vehicle€wasÐ 4¨** Ðstolen,€regardless€of€the€fact€that€the€initial€attempt€to€pull€the€vehicle€over€was€forÏa€traffic€violation.ÌÐ  :À00 Ðà ` àà ¸ àWe€acknowledge€that€the€killing€must€have€been€committed€ð ðinÏpursuance€of€the€unlawful€act,€and€not€collateral€to€it.ðð€€òòState€v.€Farmeróó,€296€S.W.2dÐ h  Ð879,€883€(Tenn.€1956).€€However,€we€disagree€with€the€Appellantððs€argument€thatÏhis€actions€in€the€present€case€were€collateral€to€the€homicide€and€bore€no€intimateÏrelationship€to€the€underlying€felony€of€theft.€€A€homicide€is€committed€during€theÏperpetration€of€a€felony€if€the€homicide€is€committed€within€the€òòres€gestaeóó€of€theÐ ˆ(  Ðfelony.€€òòSeeóó€€òòSmith€v.€Stateóó,€354€S.W.2d€450,€452€(Tenn.€1961).€€Within€the€contextÐ 0  Ðof€the€felony€murder€rule,€the€òòres€gestaeóó€requires€that€the€felony€and€homicide€beÐ ˜8 Ðpart€of€a€continuous€transaction,€that€the€homicide€be€incident€to€the€felony,€or€thatÏthere€be€no€break€in€the€chain€of€events€between€the€felony€and€the€homicide.€€òòSeeÐ ¨H Ðgenerallyóó€€ñÆñœñÆñErwinñÆñ›ñÆñ€S.€ñÆñœñÆñBarbreñÆñ›ñÆñ,€Annotation,€òòWhat€Constitutes€Termination€of€Felony€forÐ °P ÐPurpose€of€Felony„Murder€Ruleóó,€58€ñÆñœñÆñA.L.R.3dñÆñ›ñÆñ€851,€856,€865„874€(1974).€€The€òòresÐ ¸X Ðgestaeóó€embraces€not€only€the€actual€facts€of€the€transaction€and€the€circumstancesÐ À!` Ðsurrounding€it,€but€also€the€matters€immediately€antecedent€to€the€transaction€andÏhaving€a€direct€causal€connection€with€it,€as€well€as€acts€immediately€following€it€andÏso€closely€connected€as€to€form€in€reality€a€part€of€the€occurrence.€€òòPayne€v.€Stateóó,Ð Ø'x Ð406€P.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€922,€925€(Nev.€1965).€€Thus,€the€òòres€gestaeóó€of€the€crime€begins€at€theÐ à)€  Ðpoint€where€an€indictable€attempt€is€reached,€and€ends€where€the€chain€of€eventsÏbetween€the€initial€crime€and€the€homicide€is€broken.€€òòSeeóó€òòParker€v.€Stateóó,€570€So.Ð ð-$$ ÐñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€1048,€1051€(Fla.€ñÆñœñÆñDistñÆñ›ñÆñ.€Ct.€App.€1€1990);€€òòState€v.€Rideróó,€625€P.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€425,€430„431Ð ø/˜&& Ð(ñÆñœñÆñKanñÆñ›ñÆñ.€1981);€òòPayneóó,€406€P.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€at€924;€òòCommonwealth€v.€Kellyóó,€10€A.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€431,€433€(Pa.Ð 2 (( Ð1940).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendantððs€actions€must€be€one€continuous€integrated€attempt€toÏsuccessfully€complete€his€crime€and€escape.€€Factors€to€be€considered€inÐ  :À00 Ðdetermining€whether€there€has€been€a€break€in€the€chain€of€circumstances€includeÏthe€relationship€between€the€underlying€felony€and€the€homicide€in€point€of€time,Ïplace,€and€causal€relationship.€€òòFarmeróó,€296€S.W.2d€at€883.€€In€òòState€v.€Terryóó,€ourÐ p  Ðsupreme€court€discussed€the€following€factors€relating€to€the€relationship€betweenÏthe€underlying€crime€and€the€homicide:€whether€the€victim€was€a€witness€to€the€theft„¼related€crime;€whether€the€victim€was€in€close€proximity€to€the€crime;€and€whetherÏthe€victim€was€killed€because€he€might€have€tried€to€thwart€the€theft,€expose€theÏtheft,€or€interfere€in€any€way€with€the€commission€of€the€theft.€€813€S.W.2d€420,€424Ï(Tenn.€1991).€€In€the€case€of€flight,€an€important€consideration€is€whether€the€fleeingÏfelon€has€reached€a€place€of€temporary€safety.€€òòSeeóó€€òòPeople€v.€Fordóó,€416€P.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€132,Ð ¨H Ð141€(Cal.€1966),€òòcert.€deniedóó,€385€U.S.€1018,€87€S.€Ct.€737€(1967),€òòoverruled€in€partÐ °P Ðbyóó,€òòPeople€v.€ñÆñœñÆñSatchellñÆñ›ñÆñóó,€489€P.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€1361€(Cal.€1971);€€òòPeople€v.€Bossóó,€290€P.€881,€883Ð ¸X Ð(Cal.€1930);€òòParkeróó,€570€So.€ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€at€1051€(citing€ñÆñœñÆñLaFaveñÆñ›ñÆñ,€òòSubstantive€Criminal€Lawóó€ððÐ À!` Ð7.5€(1986));€€òòñÆñœñÆñLampkinñÆñ›ñÆñ€v.€Stateóó,€808€P.ñÆñœñÆñ2dñÆñ›ñÆñ€694,€696€€(Okla.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€If€theseÐ È#h Ðfactors,€considered€in€light€of€the€circumstances€of€the€particular€incident,€reveal€aÏdefinite€break€in€the€chain€of€events,€eliminating€the€possibility€of€one€continuousÏtransaction€from€the€initial€attempt€of€the€underlying€felony€to€the€homicide,€then€theÏfelony€murder€rule€cannot€be€applied.€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€police€officer€who€was€killed€in€the€instant€case€was€a€witness€to€theÏtheft€(as€that€term€is€defined€by€the€Legislature)€and€he€was€standing€in€the€pathwayÏof€the€stolen€van€as€Appellant€exercised€control€over€that€van€by€driving€it€right€intoÏthe€officer.€€The€victim€was€attempting€to€apprehend€Appellant€during€theÏcommission€of€the€theft.€€The€theft€played€an€integral€role€in€the€police€officerððsÏñÆñœñÆñdeathñÂñ.€ñÂññÃñ.€€The€theft€was€not€collateral€to€the€homicide.ñÃññÆñ›ñÆñÐ  :À00 Їà ` àà ¸ àThe€Appellant€argues€that€it€is€conceivable€that€a€strict€and€literalÏinterpretation€of€the€theft€statute€as€it€relates€to€felony€murder€could€sometimes€leadÏto€ð ðirrational€outcomes€not€contemplated€by€either€the€legislature€or€the€courts.ðð€ÏHowever,€Appellantððs€case€is€not€one€of€those€situations.€€Sufficient€evidence€existsÏto€support€the€conviction€for€felony€murder,€and€this€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌñÆñœñÆññÄñÌñÄññÆñ›ñÆñà@þþ DàIII.€€Special€Jury€InstructionsˆÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAppellant€submitted€seven€requests€for€jury€instructions,€four€of€whichÏrelated€to€the€juryððs€determination€of€whether€the€killing€occurred€during€theÏperpetration€of€the€theft.€€The€issue€before€us€only€involves€the€four€requests€dealingÏwith€the€perpetration€of€the€theft.€€The€trial€court€granted€one€of€those€requests€inÏpart,€as€that€part€followed€the€Tennessee€Pattern€Instruction,€but€it€wholly€denied€theÏother€three.€€€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€trial€courtððs€jury€instruction€on€a€killing€committed€in€the€perpetrationÏof€a€theft€provided€that€the€killing€must€have€been€ð ðclosely€connected€to€the€allegedÏtheft€and€was€not€a€separate,€distinct€and€independent€event.ðð€€Appellant€submittedÏinstructions€which€expanded€on€the€explanation€of€the€term€ð ðperpetrationðð€(proposedÏjury€instructions€1,€5,€6€and€7).€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòTerryóó,€813€S.W.2d€420;€òòFarmeróó,€296Ð ø/˜&& ÐS.W.2d€ñÆñœñÆñ879ñ¾ñ›ñ¾ñ;ñÆñ›ñÆñ€òòñÆñœñÆñGilliamñÆñ›ñÆñóó,€C.C.A.€No.€03„C„01„9109„CR„00287.€€€€Ð 2 (( ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€Tennessee,€the€trial€court€must€charge€the€jury€completely€on€the€lawÏapplicable€to€the€facts€of€the€case.€€òòPoe€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€413,€370€S.W.2d€488,Ð 8¸.. Ð491€(Tenn.€1963).€€Although€special€requests€usually€are€entertained€if€fundamentalÐ  :À00 Ðto€the€case,€the€trial€judge€may€deny€a€special€request€when€the€existing€instructionsÏfully€cover€the€law€on€a€subject.€€òòState€v.€Bryantóó,€654€S.W.2d€389,€390€(Tenn.€1983).€Ð h  ÐSpecial€jury€instructions€need€not€be€given€when€the€existing€instructions€are€aÏcorrect€statement€of€the€law€and€adequately€cover€the€subject€matter€contained€inÏthe€special€request.€€òòIdóó;€€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Tayloróó,€771€S.W.2d€387,€399€(Tenn.Ð €  Ð1989).€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€statute€proscribing€felony€murder€defines€the€crime€as€ð ð[a]€killing€ofÏanother€committed€in€the€perpetration€of€or€attempt€to€perpetrateðð€any€of€severalÏenumerated€offenses.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a).€€As€the€courtððs€juryÏinstructions€elaborated,€our€law€requires€that€the€killing€be€ð ðclosely€connectedðð€to€theÏfelony€and€not€be€a€ð ðseparate,€distinct€and€independent€event.ðð€€ñÆñœñÆññÅñAs€we€previouslyÏdetermined,€the€jury,€within€its€province€as€trier€of€fact,€determined€that€the€killingÏwas€indeed€ð ðclosely€connectedðð€to€the€theft,€and€we€concluded€that€the€evidence€wasÏsufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€verdict.€€ñÅñAlthoughñÆñ›ñÆñ€AppellantððsÏinstructions€might€€have€further€elaborated€on€the€notion€of€€ð ðclosely€connected,ðð€weÏnevertheless€conclude€that€the€instructions€given€by€the€trial€court€were€a€correctÏstatement€of€the€law€and€adequately€covered€the€subject€matter€contained€inÏAppellantððs€special€requests.€€We€therefore,€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€inÏrefusing€to€give€Appellantððs€specially€requested€instructions.€€This€issue€is€withoutÏmerit.€€€€€ÌÌà@¼¼!DàIV.€€Lesser€Included€OffensesˆÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€its€charge€to€the€jury,€the€trial€court€instructed€the€jury€on€the€offensesÏof€felony€murder,€second€degree€murder,€voluntary€manslaughter,€recklessÏhomicide,€and€criminally€negligent€homicide.€€Appellant€contends€that€the€trial€courtÏerred€in€charging€the€lesser€offenses€to€the€crime€of€felony€murder.€€Ð  :À00 Їà ` àà ¸ àAppellant€has€not€demonstrated€that€he€was€prejudiced€in€any€way€byÏthe€trial€courtððs€instructions€on€these€offenses.€€Furthermore,€this€Court€does€not€seeÏhow€any€prejudice€could€exist€since€Appellant€was€convicted€of€the€highest€offenseÏfor€which€he€was€charged.€€As€the€State€correctly€points€out,€this€is€certainly€not€aÏcase€where€the€Appellant€can€argue€that€he€could€have€been€found€guilty€either€ofÏthe€greatest€offense€or€nothing€at€all,€and€that€a€verdict€of€a€lesser€offense€prejudicedÏhim€by€permitting€a€conviction€of€an€offense€which€lies€between€the€two€extremes.€ÏThe€jury€rejected€all€of€the€lesser€offenses€and€convicted€him€of€the€greatest€offenseÏcharged.€€Therefore,€Appellant€was€not€prejudiced€by€the€trial€court€charging€theÏlesser€included€offenses€to€felony€murder.€€Even€if€there€was€any€error€in€the€trialÏcourt€charging€the€lesser€included€offenses,€that€error€would€be€harmless.€€Tenn.€R.ÏApp.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@¤¤)DàV.€SentencingˆÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAppellant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€the€jury€toÏsentence€him€to€life€in€prison.€€When€the€jury€announced€its€verdict€of€guilty€of€firstÏdegree€murder,€the€foreman€responded€to€the€trial€court€that€the€jury€had€fixed€theÏsentence€at€life€imprisonment.€€The€trial€judge€then€polled€each€juror,€and€each€jurorÏanswered€affirmatively€that€he€or€she€had€found€Appellant€guilty€of€first€degreeÏmurder€and€had€set€the€sentence€at€life€imprisonment.€€After€the€jury€was€dismissed,Ïthe€trial€judge€addressed€Appellant€and€stated€that€based€on€the€juryððs€verdict,€theÏtrial€court€found€him€guilty€of€first€degree€murder€and€sentenced€him€to€lifeÏimprisonment.€€ÌÐ  :À00 Ðà ` àà ¸ àUnder€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„202(c),€the€minimumÏsentence€available€for€a€Appellant€who€is€convicted€of€first€degree€murder€is€lifeÏimprisonment.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„208(c)€does€provide€thatÏwhere€no€notice€is€given€of€the€Stateððs€intent€to€seek€the€death€penalty€or€lifeÏimprisonment€without€the€possibility€of€parole,€then€upon€conviction€for€first€degreeÏmurder,€the€Appellant€shall€be€sentenced€to€imprisonment€for€life€by€the€trial€court.ÏThe€State€in€this€case€did€not€seek€the€death€penalty€or€life€imprisonment€without€theÏpossibility€of€parole.€Therefore,€Appellant€asserts€that€since€the€statute€clearly€statesÏthat€the€court€must€render€such€a€sentencing€decision,€then€it€was€error€for€the€courtÏto€allow€the€jury€to€do€so.€€However,€the€fact€that€the€jury€indicated€that€it€set€theÏsentence€at€life€imprisonment€is€immaterial.€€Appellant€received€the€minimumÏsentence€under€the€law€and€can€therefore€show€no€prejudice€from€the€fact€that€theÏjury€stated€that€it€imposed€the€minimum€sentence€prior€to€the€trial€court€alsoÏimposing€the€minimum€sentence.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAppellant€further€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€instructing€the€juryÏthat€a€Appellant€who€receives€a€sentence€of€life€imprisonment€shall€not€be€eligibleÏfor€parole€consideration€until€the€Appellant€has€served€at€least€25€full€calendar€yearsÏof€that€sentence.€€However,€upon€review€of€the€record,€it€appears€that€not€only€didÏdefense€counsel€consent€to€the€instruction,€but€œñÇñit›€ñÇñactively›€insisted€that€the€instructionÏshould€in€fact€be€given€to€the€jury.€€Specifically,€defense€counsel€quoted€fromÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„204(e)(2)€stating,€ð ð[ñÆñœñÆñt]heñÆñ›ñÆñ€jury€shall€beÏinstructed€that€a€defendant€who€receives€a€sentence€of€imprisonment€for€life€shall€notÏbe€eligible€for€parole€consideration€until€the€defendant€has€served€at€least€twenty„fiveÏ(25)€full€calendar€years€of€such€sentence.ðð€€He€went€on€to€say,€ð ðIf€that€is€not,€if€thatððsÐ  :À00 Ðnot,€if€the€Juryððs€not€instructed€on€that,€we€think€thatððs€a€real€problem.ðð€€Again,€it€wasÏdefense€counsel€who€brought€this€statute€to€the€courtððs€attention,€and€when€the€StateÏand€the€court€subsequently€agreed€that€it€should€be€given,€the€trial€judge€accordinglyÏadded€this€to€the€jury€charge.€€A€party€may€not,€in€effect,€invite€or€condone€actionÏand€then€claim€the€action€to€be€an€error€that€requires€relief€to€that€party.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð €  ÐR.€App.€P.€36(a).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àHaving€found€that€Appellant€cannot€prevail€on€any€of€his€issues,€weÏaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓÓÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ_________________________________ÌDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JudgeÌÌÌ_________________________________Ì€DAVID€H.€WELLES,€JudgeÌÌ