ÿWPCV …# VU:a %› 0(¡w@É4  , 0l4 0D  0Jä 0T. 0^‚ 0hà 0rH 0|º 0†6 0¼ 1uL 0dÁ B%U*BB)lDC• AMØÓ%fø^v~ívÓk D3> 0@q AO±Æ 0DÆ D/  B9˜HP LaserJet 4M PlusHPPCL5MS,ð,,,,,ð0nLhÎ, øð AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ ÈUÉ£ÊË£ÌÍDÎDÏÐ(eÑÓ€U”$Ôl0Ôô3|xÜ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d""""7Border 1dd€-#Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ÉÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÔ€!ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€!XÔÌÌò òMay€28,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€!ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\Ñ …Ý ƒ!ÝÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $Ýà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  Ý€€This€court€is€unable€from€the€record€to€determine€precisely€what€statuteÏTrooper€Mooneyham€believed€the€defendant€to€be€violating€when€he€first€observedÏhim.€€During€his€testimony€he€made€no€direct€reference€to€a€statute€number.€€TheÏcitation€itself€was€not€included€in€the€record.€€Defendant€was€not€ultimately€indicted€forÏany€headlight€violation.€€The€State€argues,€and€the€court€presumes,€that€the€trooperððsÏreference€was€to€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð55„8„164(b),€which€requires€motorcycleÏheadlamps€to€be€illuminated.ÌÓ  Ó2ÌPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò 'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€!ÔÝ  ÝÒ ¼ ÒÒ ° ÒÙ€€ÙÓ  ÓÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›œßR€$%#A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMARCH€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€03C01„9709„CR„00334Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€à àSULLIVAN€€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellant,à àà àà à)à àHon.€Phyllis€H.€Miller,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Possession€of€Marijuana€andÏà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àCocaine€For€Resale,Ïà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àPossession€of€DrugÏPara„ÌJACK€EDWARD€PIERSON,à àà à)à àphernalia,€Driving€On€RevokedÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àLicense,€Misuse€of€VehicleÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àRegistration)Ìà àà àAppellee.à àà àà à)à àNo.€S39583Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌÌJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€McKINNEYà àÌAttorney€General€&€Reporterà àà àà à222€E.€Center€StreetÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àKingsport,€TN€37660ÌELLEN€H.€POLLACKà àà àà àà àÌAssistant€Attorney€Generalà àà àà àÌCordell€Hull€Building€„€2nd€Floorà àà àà àÌ425€Fifth€Avenue€Northà àà àà àà àÌNashville,€TN€37243ÌÌH.€GREELEY€WELLS€JR.ÌDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌEDWARD€WILSONÌAssistant€District€AttorneyÌP.O.€Box€526ÌBlountville,€TN€37617Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌOPINION€FILED:_______________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌÌÌCORNELIA€A.€CLARKÌSpecial€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓòòOPINIONóóÌÑ€&ÑÇÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€State€appeals€the€trial€courtððs€grant€of€defendantððs€motion€toÏsuppress€evidence€seized€based€on€an€invalid€warrantless€search.€€TheÏjudgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ìà àOn€July€15,€1996,€at€about€6:25€p.m.,€the€defendant€was€operating€hisÏmotorcycle€on€a€public€road€in€Kingsport,€Tennessee,€without€having€hisÏheadlight€illuminated.× ƒ' ××  ×€€Trooper€Paul€Mooneyham€of€the€Tennessee€HighwayÏPatrol€was€traveling€on€the€same€road€in€the€opposite€direction.€€As€the€twoÏvehicles€approached€each€other,€Trooper€Mooneyham€flashed€his€lights€orÏpointed€his€finger€toward€defendantððs€motorcycle€to€indicate€the€problem.€ÏDefendant€did€not€understand€the€trooperððs€signal€and€did€not€initially€activateÏhis€headlight.€€The€defendant€turned€off€onto€another€street.€€The€trooperÏmade€a€turn,€traveled€down€a€parallel€street,€and€stopped€the€defendant.€€Ìà àDuring€his€initial€investigation€after€the€stop,€Trooper€MooneyhamÏlearned€that€although€the€defendant€had€a€Virginia€driverððs€license,€hisÏTennessee€driverððs€license€had€been€revoked.€€Trooper€Mooneyham€alsoÏdiscovered€that€the€motor€vehicle€license€tag€on€the€motorcycle€wasÏregistered€not€to€that€vehicle,€but€to€another€vehicle€belonging€to€theÏdefendant.€€Trooper€Mooneyham€placed€the€defendant€in€the€front€seat€of€hisÏpolice€car€and€advised€him€that€he€was€going€to€issue€him€citations€for€theÍlight€violation,€the€improper€tag€registration,€and€for€the€more€serious€offenseÏof€driving€on€a€revoked€license.€€Trooper€Mooneyham€did€not€place€theÏdefendant€under€custodial€arrest.€€Before€starting€his€paperwork,€however,€theÏofficer€advised€the€defendant€that€he€was€going€to€ð ð...€look€and€see€whatÏyouððve€got€in€your€motorcycle.ðð€€The€officer€directed€the€defendant€to€removeÏthe€saddlebags€on€ÌÌÌhis€motorcycle€and€to€remove€the€contents€from€the€bag.€€From€inside€theÏsaddlebag€the€defendant€removed€a€black€leather€purse,€which€he€initiallyÏplaced€behind€his€back.€€The€officer€demanded€the€bag,€and€found€that€itÏcontained€cocaine,€marijuana,€and€drug€paraphernalia.€€The€officer€testifiedÏthat€he€believed€the€search€was€incident€to€a€valid€arrest,€because€he€couldÏhave€arrested€the€defendant€for€driving€on€a€revoked€license€even€though€heÏdid€not.€€Ìà àDefendant€does€not€question€the€legality€of€the€initial€stop€made€by€theÏtrooper€based€on€his€observation€that€the€defendant€operated€a€motor€vehicleÏon€a€public€roadway€without€an€illuminated€headlight.€€Defendant€alsoÏconcedes€that€after€the€stop€was€made,€the€trooper€learned€that€defendantÏwas€in€violation€of€two€other€code€sections:€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð55„4„129€(a)Ïprohibiting€improper€vehicle€registration,€and€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð55„50„504Ï(a)(1),€prohibiting€him€from€driving€a€motor€vehicle€on€a€public€roadway€at€aÏtime€when€his€privilege€to€do€so€in€Tennessee€had€been€revoked.€€HeÏquestions€only€the€right€of€the€trooper€to€conduct€a€search€of€his€saddlebagsÍwhen€there€was€no€custodial€arrest€and€no€need€to€inventory€the€contents.Ìà àWhen€a€police€officer€makes€a€warrantless€search,€the€State€has€theÏburden€to€show€that€the€search€was€conducted€within€a€recognized€exceptionÏto€the€general€warrant€requirement.€€òòState€v.€McClanahanóó,€806€S.W.€2d€219,Ï220€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€The€State€does€not€argue€that€the€officerÏactually€had€probable€cause€to€search€the€motorcycle€saddlebags.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Leveyeóó,€796€S.W.€2d€948,€951€(Tenn.€1990).€€Neither€does€the€State€argueÏthat€the€search€in€question€was€part€of€an€inventory€of€the€contents€a€lawfullyÏimpounded€vehicle.€€òòSeeóó€òòDrinkard€v.€Stateóó,€584€S.W.€2d€650€(1979).€€Instead,Ïthe€State€asserts€only€that€the€search€was€incident€to€a€lawful€custodial€arrest.ÌÌÌÓ  Ó3ÌÓ  ÓÌà àWhen€an€officer€has€made€a€lawful€custodial€arrest€of€the€occupant€of€aÏvehicle,€he€may,€as€a€contemporaneous€incident€of€that€arrest,€search€theÏpassenger€compartment€of€the€automobile.€òòNew€York€v.€Beltonóó,€453€U.S.€454,Ï101€S.€Ct.€2860,€69€L.€Ed.€2d€768€(1981);€òòState€v.€Watkinsóó,€827€S.W.€2d€293,Ï295„96€(Tenn.€1992).€€In€addition,€a€police€officer€may€conduct€a€search€of€theÏpassenger€compartment€of€a€vehicle€incident€to€a€custodial€arrest€even€whenÏthe€arrested€person€is€neutralized€in€the€backseat€of€a€squad€car.€€òòState€v.ÏReedóó,€634€S.W.€2d€665,€666€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€The€sole€issue€in€thisÏcase€concerns€whether€the€detainment€in€question€was€a€ð ðcustodialðð€arrest.Ìà àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð40„7„118(b)(1)€requires€a€law€enforcement€officerÍarresting€someone€for€certain€misdemeanors€committed€in€his€presence€toÏissue€a€citation€in€lieu€of€continued€custody.€€ðð40„7„118(b)(3)(C)€gives€theÏofficer€the€discretion€actually€to€make€a€custodial€arrest€for€driving€on€aÏrevoked€or€suspended€license.€€Based€on€the€facts€presented€to€him,€TrooperÏMooneyham€had€the€discretion€to€make€a€custodial€arrest€of€the€defendant.€ÏHad€he€done€so,€he€would€have€had€the€right€to€conduct€a€reasonable€searchÏincident€to€arrest,€and€our€inquiry€in€this€court€would€be€the€reasonableness€ofÏthe€search€conducted.€The€State€argues€that€the€custodial€arrest€was€effectedÏwhen€the€defendant€was€asked€to€sit€in€the€front€seat€of€the€patrol€car€whileÏthe€citations€were€being€issued.€€However,€Trooper€Mooneyham€conceded€inÏhis€testimony€that€he€did€not€arrest€or€handcuff€the€defendant€until€after€theÏdrugs€were€found€in€the€saddlebags.€€Ìà àThe€trial€court,€in€its€detailed€findings€of€fact,€agreed€with€the€argumentsÏmade€by€defendant,€and€granted€the€motion€to€suppress.€€After€careful€reviewÏof€the€record,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€does€not€preponderate€against€ÌÌÌÓ  Ó4ÌÌÌÌÓ  Óthe€trial€courtððs€finding€that€there€was€no€custodial€arrest€and,€therefore,€thatÏno€exception€to€the€warrant€requirement€was€shown.€€We€affirm€the€judgmentÏof€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà àà à__________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àCORNELIA€A.€CLARKÌà àà àà àà àà àà àSPECIAL€JUDGEÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ____________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAYÌJUDGEÌÌÌÌ____________________________ÌPAUL€G.€SUMMERSÌJUDGEÌ€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Ó5ÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€KNOXVILLEÌÌMARCH€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à)à àC.C.A.€03C01„9709„CR„00334Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à)€à àSULLIVAN€€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìà àà àAppellant,à àà àà à)à àHon.€Phyllis€H.€Miller,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à)à à(Possession€of€Marijuana€andÏà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àCocaine€For€Resale,Ïà àà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àPossession€of€DrugÏPara„ÌJACK€EDWARD€PIERSON,à àà à)à àphernalia,€Driving€On€RevokedÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àLicense,€Misuse€of€VehicleÌà àà àà àà àà àà à)à àRegistration)Ìà àà àAppellee.à àà àà à)à àNo.€S39583ÌÌÌÓ  Óò òòòJUDGMENTÌÓ  ÓÌó óà àóóCame€the€appellant,€the€State€of€Tennessee,€and€also€came€JackÏEdward€Pierson,€by€counsel€and€this€case€was€heard€on€the€record€on€appealÏfrom€the€Circuit€Court€of€Sullivan€County;€and€upon€consideration€thereof,€thisÏcourt€is€of€the€opinion€that€there€is€no€reversible€error€in€the€judgment€of€theÏtrial€court.ÌÌà àOur€opinion€is€hereby€incorporated€in€this€judgment€as€if€set€outÏverbatim.ÌÌà àIt€is,€therefore,€ordered€and€adjudged€by€this€court€that€the€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€is€AFFIRMED,€and€the€case€is€remanded€to€the€Circuit€Court€ofÏSullivan€County€for€execution€of€the€judgment€of€that€court€and€for€collectionÏof€costs€accrued€below.ÌÌà àCosts€of€this€appeal€will€be€paid€by€the€appellant,€the€State€ofÍTennessee€for€which€let€execution€issue.ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òPER€CURIAMó óÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àPaul€G.€Summers,€JudgeÌà àà àà àà àà àà àCornelia€A.€Clark,€Special€Judge