ÿWPC¿ &# $U:/ %i 0(ow@—4×ëU.ú( 0”0 0DÄ 0J 0TR 0^¦ 0h 0rl 0|Þ 0†Z 0à 1up 0då BI Uf ³» v~n vÓì ˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ ÜUÝÞTßUàbáaâVãDäaåDn~<$XXX3|xå%ä2¼A`ArialTT(D(2´¤$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÓ  Óà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ d KÝ ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔð ðHuffing€paintðð€was€described€as€spraying€gold€spray€paint€into€a€bag€and€inhaling€the€vapors€inÏorder€to€ð ðget€high.ððÌ ©Ý ƒ!ÝÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ $ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÓ  Óà àòòÚ  ÚÚ  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ€ ôÔApparently,€the€defendant€also€had€several€convictions€as€a€juvenile.€€However,€this€CourtÏcannot€consider€these€convictions€since€the€presentence€report€has€not€been€included€in€the€record.€ÏòòEmbryóó,€915€S.W.2d€at€451.ÌPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ ÔÝ  ÝÒ \ ÒÒ Ž ÒÓ  ÓÑ ` ÑÑ X ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñò ò›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€JACKSONÌÌFEBRUARY€1998€SESSIONó óÌÌÌÌÌÓ  Óò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àó óà àò ò)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òNO.€02C01„9707„CC„00243ó óÌà àà àAppellee,à àà àò ò)ó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òGIBSON€COUNTYó óÌVS.à àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òHON.€DICK€JERMAN,€JR.,ó óÌò òSHANE€PILLOW,à àó óà àà àò ò)ó óà àò òJUDGEó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà àÌà àà àAppellant.à àà àò ò)ó óà à(Second„Degree€Murder€and€Ìà àà àà àà àà àò ò)ó óà à€Aggravated€Assault)ÌÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANT:óóà àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEE:óóÌÌò òJERALD€M.€CAMPBELL,€JR.ó óà àà àò òJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPó óÌà à„and„à àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌò òL.€L.€HARRELL,€JR.ó óà àà àà à425€Fifth€Ave.,€NorthÌN.W.€Court€Sq.à àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0497ÌTrenton,€TN€€38382à àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òELIZABETH€T.€RYANó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Ave.,€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òCLAYBURN€L.€PEEPLESó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à110€College€St.,€Suite€200Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àTrenton,€TN€€38382„1841Ìà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òGARRY€G.€BROWNó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAsst.€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à110€College€St.,€Suite€200Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àTrenton,€TN€€38382„1841ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:€______________________________ÌÌÌò òAFFIRMEDó óÌÌÌò òJOHN€H.€PEAY,ó óÌJudgeÌÇÒ P ÒÒ Ž ÒÓ  ÓÑ ° Ñò òÔ€ ¼ÔÑ7€:´XdæXXdæ7ÑœO›€P€I€N€I€O€NÔ€ XÔó óÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€was€convicted€of€second„degree€murder€andÏaggravated€assault.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€twenty„three€years€confinementÏfor€second„degree€murder€and€five€years€confinement€for€aggravated€assault,€to€runÏconcurrently.€€In€this€appeal€as€of€right,€the€defendant€presents€the€following€issuesÏfor€review:ÌÒ  ÒÒ Ž ÒÓÓI.€€whether€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€is€insufficient,€as€aÏmatter€of€law,€to€support€his€convictions;ÌÌII.€€whether€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€his€motion€to€suppressÏstatements€made€to€law€enforcement€officers;ÌÌIII.€€whether€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€by€permitting€the€State€toÏreopen€its€case„in„chief€to€identify€the€victimððs€body;ÌÌIV.€€whether€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€excessive;€andÌÌV.€€ð ðwhether€any€other€reversible€error€was€committed€by€the€trial€court.ððÌÌÒ P ÒÒ Ž ÒÓÓFinding€no€merit€in€the€defendantððs€contentions,€we€affirm.ÌÌà àà àAccording€to€the€record,€the€defendant,€Brian€Dunn€(co„defendant),€andÏthe€two€victims,€Robert€Reynolds€and€Donnie€Box,€had€attended€school€together.€ÏThe€defendant€described€Dunn,€Reynolds,€and€Box€as€his€closest€friends.€€AccordingÍto€the€defendant,€he€had€frequently€smoked€marijuana€and€ð ðhuffed€paintðð× ƒ" ××  ×€with€them.ÌÌà àà àOn€March€21,€1996,€the€defendant,€Dunn,€Reynolds,€and€Box€hadÏcontact€with€each€other€several€times€during€the€day.€€Around€9€a.m.,€the€defendantÏwent€to€Reynoldsðð€home€and€tried€to€get€him€to€go€somewhere€with€him,€but€ReynoldsÏdeclined.€€Later€that€day,€the€defendant€tried€to€track€down€Reynolds€at€a€friendððsÏhouse.€€When€Reynolds€returned€the€defendantððs€call,€they€discussed€a€set€of€drumsÏthey€jointly€owned.€€Although€the€drums€were€at€the€defendantððs€house,€theÏdefendant€told€Reynolds€he€had€sold€them€and€had€Reynoldsðð€share€of€the€profit.€ÏReynolds€told€the€defendant€he€and€Box€would€be€at€the€defendantððs€house€in€a€fewÏminutes€to€pick€up€the€money.€€The€defendant€told€Reynolds€he€might€not€be€homeÏwhen€Reynolds€and€Box€arrived,€but€Reynolds€replied€he€was€coming€to€his€houseÏanyway.€€When€Reynolds€and€Box€arrived,€the€defendant€would€not€answer€the€door.€ÏReynolds€and€Box€drove€down€the€road,€only€to€return€a€few€minutes€later€to€find€theÏdefendant€driving€out€of€his€driveway.€€The€defendant€promised€Reynolds€that€if€heÏfollowed€him,€he€would€give€him€his€share€of€the€profit.€€Reynolds€followed€him€toÏDunnððs€house,€but€when€he€demanded€his€money,€the€defendant€refused.€€ReynoldsÏthen€left.ÌÌà àà àWhen€Reynolds€later€learned€the€defendant€had€not€sold€the€drums,€heÏand€Box€began€searching€for€him.€€When€they€found€him€and€Dunn,€Reynolds€againÏdemanded€his€money.€€The€defendant€told€Reynolds€and€Box€to€follow€him€to€hisÏhouse.€€On€the€way€there,€the€defendant€pulled€to€the€side€of€the€road€and€tried€to€getÏReynolds€to€get€in€his€car.€€Reynolds€would€not€and€instead€continued€to€drive€withÏBox€towards€the€defendantððs€house.€€When€the€defendant€flashed€his€lights,ÏReynolds€and€Box€pulled€to€the€side€of€the€road.€€Telling€Reynolds€he€had€someÏmoney€with€him,€the€defendant€enticed€Reynolds€to€get€in€his€car.€€Meanwhile,€DunnÏexited€the€defendantððs€car€and€began€talking€with€Box.€€After€Reynolds€entered€theÏdefendantððs€car,€the€defendant€stabbed€him€in€the€abdomen,€penetrating€his€liver€andÏbile€duct.€€Reynolds€then€pinned€the€defendant€behind€the€steering€wheel,€used€hisÏelbow€to€blow€the€car€horn,€escaped€from€the€defendantððs€car,€and€ran€to€Boxððs€car.€ÏThe€car€horn€had€alerted€Box,€who€began€walking€towards€the€defendantððs€car,€evenÏthough€Reynolds€warned€against€it.€€The€defendant€exited€his€vehicle€and€stabbedÏBox€in€the€middle€of€his€chest.€€Box€turned€and€ran€away.€€When€Box€failed€to€return,ÏReynolds€drove€to€a€relativeððs€home€where€he€could€get€help.ÌÌà àà àMeanwhile,€the€defendant€and€Dunn€had€found€Box,€who€was€stillÏbreathing.€€They€placed€Box€in€the€trunk€of€the€defendantððs€car,€took€him€to€a€bridgeÍspanning€the€Rutherford€Fork€of€the€Obion€River,€and€pushed€him€into€the€river.€€TheÏdefendant€and€Dunn€then€fled€the€state€of€Tennessee.€€The€next€day,€theyÏsurrendered€themselves€to€law€enforcement€officers€in€Indianola,€Mississippi,€whoÏcontacted€the€Gibson€County€Sheriffððs€Department€in€Tennessee.€€Deputies€from€theÏGibson€County€Sheriffððs€Department€traveled€to€Indianola€with€the€defendantððs€andÏDunnððs€fathers.ÌÌà àà àWhen€the€Gibson€County€deputies€arrived€in€Indianola,€they€examinedÏthe€defendantððs€car.€€They€found€the€murder€weapon€and€a€larger€knife€on€the€frontÏseat€of€the€car.€€Blood€was€found€on€the€back€bumper€and€on€a€plastic€tarpaulin€in€theÏtrunk.€The€defendant€gave€several€statements€to€Lt.€Jimmy€Hand€of€the€GibsonÏCounty€Sheriffððs€Department.€€He€told€him€that€he€had€stabbed€Reynolds.€€He€alsoÏadmitted€stabbing€Box,€even€though€Box€did€nothing€to€threaten€him.€€He€said€that€heÏand€Dunn€chased€Box€after€he€ran€away,€and€when€they€found€him,€he€was€stillÏbreathing.€€He€then€identified€the€bridge€where€they€pushed€Box€into€the€river.€€BoxððsÏbody€was€later€found€in€the€Obion€River€near€the€bridge€the€defendant€identified.€€TheÏautopsy€of€Boxððs€body€revealed€he€was€alive€when€he€was€pushed€into€the€river,Ïeven€though€the€stab€wound€penetrated€his€heart.€€The€cause€of€death,€however,€wasÏattributed€to€the€stab€wound,€not€to€drowning.ÌÌÓ  Óò òI.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€withÏregards€to€his€conviction€for€second„degree€murder.€€When€an€accused€challengesÏthe€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€this€Court€must€review€the€record€toÏdetermine€if€the€evidence€adduced€at€trial€is€sufficient€"to€support€the€finding€by€theÏtrier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€T.R.A.P.€13(e).€€This€Court€may€notÏreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence€or€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€fromÏcircumstantial€evidence€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€To€the€contrary,€this€Court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€theÏstrongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€allÏreasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòStateÏv.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).ÌÌà àà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€andÏvalue€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€the€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€Court.€€òòId.óó€€"A€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approvedÏby€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolvesÏall€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ï(Tenn.€1973).€€Since€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€andÏreplaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused,€as€the€appellant,€has€the€burdenÍof€illustrating€to€this€Court€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict.€ÏòòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).€€This€Court€will€not€disturb€aÏverdict€of€guilt€on€a€sufficiency€challenge€unless€the€facts€in€the€record€areÏinsufficient,€as€a€matter€of€law,€for€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€the€accused€guiltyÏbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòId.óóÌÌà àà àUnder€the€facts€of€the€instant€case,€the€State€had€to€prove€beyond€aÏreasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€knowingly€killed€Box.€€T.C.A.€ðð€39„13„210.€ÏReynolds€testified€that€Box€and€the€defendant€had€met€between€the€two€cars.€€He€didÏnot€see€the€defendant€stab€Box,€but€he€heard€Box€exclaim,€ð ðOh,€s„„„,€Shane,ðð€and€heÏsaw€Box€run€from€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€admitted€in€his€confession€that€heÏhad€stabbed€Box,€even€though€Box€had€not€threatened€or€attempted€to€harm€him.€ÏThe€autopsy€revealed€the€stab€wound€was€in€the€middle€of€Boxððs€chest€and€the€knifeÏpenetrated€his€heart.€€Although€Box€was€thrown€into€the€river€while€he€was€still€alive,Ïthe€cause€of€death€was€the€stab€wound.ÌÌà àà àTo€contrast,€the€defendant€testified€during€the€trial€his€confessions€wereÏfalse€and€that€he€and€Dunn€had€agreed€to€tell€three€different€stories.€€He€also€testifiedÏDunn€killed€Box.€€The€jury€obviously€rejected€this€testimony,€which€was€theirÏprerogative€in€evaluating€each€witnessððs€credibility.€€òòSeeóó€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€atÍ835.€€The€evidence€was€sufficient€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€to€support€the€juryððsÏverdict€that€the€defendant€knowingly€killed€Box.€€T.R.A.P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,Ï443€U.S.€307€(1979).€€Therefore,€the€defendantððs€argument€is€without€merit.ÌÌÓ  Óò òII.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àNext,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€reversibly€erred€by€denyingÏhis€motion€to€suppress€three€statements€made€to€Gibson€County€deputy€sheriffs.€€HeÏpredicates€his€argument€upon€Tennessee€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure€7€and€30.€€HeÏalso€argues€he€did€not€knowingly€and€voluntarily€waive€the€rights€afforded€byÏòòMiranda€v.€Arizonaóó,€384€U.S.€436€(1966).€€The€State€counters€that€the€TennesseeÏRules€of€Juvenile€Procedure€are€inapplicable€here€because€the€defendant€was€triedÏas€an€adult.€€The€State€also€contends€the€defendant€knowingly€and€voluntarilyÏwaived€his€òòMirandaóó€rights.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendantððs€reliance€upon€the€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure€isÏmisplaced.€€The€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure€apply€to€judicial€proceedings€in€aÏjuvenile€court€and€have€no€applicability€where,€as€here,€the€juvenile€is€transferred€toÏa€court€of€original€jurisdiction€with€criminal€jurisdiction€for€trial€as€an€adult.€€òòSeeóó€òòStateÏv.€Lundyóó,€808€S.W.2d€444,€446€(Tenn.€1991);€òòColyer€v.€Stateóó,€577€S.W.2d€460,€462Ï(Tenn.€1979);€òòState€v.€Turnmireóó,€762€S.W.2d€893,€896€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€ÍThus,€the€defendantððs€reliance€on€the€Rules€of€Juvenile€Procedure€will€not€afford€himÏrelief€on€appeal.ÌÌà àà àMoreover,€the€record€is€clear€that€the€defendant€knowingly€andÏvoluntarily€waived€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€prior€to€giving€his€statements€to€the€police.€ÏWhen€determining€whether€an€accused€has€voluntarily€and€knowingly€waived€theÏòòMirandaóó€rights,€this€Court€must€consider€the€totality€of€the€circumstances€existingÏwhen€the€accused€waived€these€rights.€€òòState€v.€Middlebrooksóó,€840€S.W.2d€317,€326Ï(Tenn.€1992);€òòLundyóó,€808€S.W.2d€at€446.€€This€includes€the€defendantððs€age,Ïeducation,€mental€competence€and€ability,€and€the€facts€surrounding€the€waiver€ofÏthese€rights.€€òòBentonóó,€759€S.W.2d€427,€431„32€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€No€singleÏfactor€is€conclusive;€rather,€it€is€the€cumulative€effect€of€these€factors€that€is€significantÏin€determining€whether€the€accused€voluntarily€waived€his€rights.€€òòId.óó€at€431.ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€day€after€the€incident,€Lt.€Hand€interviewed€the€defendant€inÏthe€sheriffððs€department€in€Indianola.€€The€interview€lasted€just€over€two€hours,Ïbeginning€at€9:30€p.m.€and€ending€at€11:35€p.m.€€Deputy€Norvell€and€the€defendantððsÏfather€were€present€during€every€interview€with€the€defendant.€€Lt.€Hand€advised€theÏdefendant€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights.€€The€defendant€told€Lt.€Hand€he€understood€theseÏrights€and€was€willing€to€waive€them.€€The€defendant€and€his€father€signed€a€waiverÍof€rights€form.€€On€several€occasions,€Lt.€Hand€told€the€defendant€he€was€entitled€to€aÏlawyer€and€that€he€could€stop€answering€questions€at€any€time,€but€the€defendantÏrepeatedly€stated€he€did€not€want€to€confer€with€a€lawyer€or€have€a€lawyer€present.€ÏLt.€Hand€took€a€recorded€statement€from€the€defendant€and€then€told€the€defendant€toÏgive€a€written€statement€of€what€occurred.€€The€defendant€complied.€€Not€believingÏthe€defendantððs€statement,€Lt.€Hand€asked€the€defendant€if€he€would€give€him€a€thirdÏstatement.€€Again,€the€defendant€complied,€stating€he€would€give€a€truthful€statement.ÌÌà àà àPrior€to€trial,€the€defendant€moved€to€suppress€these€statements.€€InÏdenying€the€defendantððs€motion,€the€trial€court€noted€that€the€totality€of€theÏcircumstances€indicated€the€defendant€knowingly€and€voluntarily€waived€hisÏconstitutional€rights€and€freely€and€voluntarily€gave€these€three€statements€to€theÏpolice.€€During€trial,€the€State€introduced€these€three€statements€into€evidence.ÌÌà àà àBased€on€the€totality€of€these€circumstances,€we€agree€with€the€trialÏcourt€that€the€defendant€was€fully€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights€before€he€knowinglyÏand€voluntarily€chose€to€waive€those€rights.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Van€Tranóó,€864€S.W.2d€465,Ï472€(Tenn.€1993);€òòMiddlebrooksóó,€840€S.W.2d€at€326;€òòState€v.€Gordonóó,€642€S.W.2dÏ742,€745€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982).€€Accordingly,€the€defendantððs€argument€that€theÏtrial€court€should€have€granted€his€motion€to€suppress€must€fail.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€allowing€a€fourthÏstatement€given€to€Deputy€Currie€to€be€used€to€impeach€his€trial€testimony.€€We€treatÏthis€argument€as€waived,€however,€by€the€defendantððs€failure€to€cite€any€supportingÏauthority.€€T.R.A.P.€27(a)(7);€Rules€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€of€TennesseeÏ10(b);€òòState€v.€Killebrewóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€231€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).ÌÌÓ  Óò òIII.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àNext,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€committed€reversible€errorÏby€permitting€the€State€to€reopen€its€case„in„chief€to€identify€the€body€recovered€fromÏthe€river€as€Donnie€Boxððs€body.€€When€the€State€rested€its€case„in„chief,€theÏdefendant€moved€for€judgment€of€acquittal€on€the€ground€the€State€failed€to€proveÏBox€was€in€fact€dead.€€The€defendant€argued€a€body€was€found€in€the€RutherfordÏFork€of€the€Obion€River,€but€it€was€never€identified€as€Boxððs€body.€€The€districtÏattorney€general€stated€he€had€an€agreement€with€defense€counsel€that€the€identityÏof€the€body€was€not€required€and€that€the€entire€evidence€of€the€chain€of€custody€ofÏthe€body,€including€identification€of€the€body€by€Boxððs€father,€would€be€stipulated.€€OnÏthe€other€hand,€defense€counsel€stated€he€believed€it€was€only€the€testimony€of€theÏambulance€personnel€who€took€Boxððs€body€to€the€coroner€in€Memphis€that€would€beÏstipulated.€€The€trial€court€found€there€was€an€agreement,€but€that€counselÍmisunderstood€the€scope€of€the€argument.€€The€court€granted€the€district€attorneyÏgeneralððs€motion€to€reopen€the€Stateððs€case„in„chief€in€order€to€establish€the€bodyÏrecovered€from€the€river€was€that€of€Box.€€The€State€did€so.ÌÌà àà àWhile€ð ð[t]here€must€be€an€end€of€the€calling€of€witnesses€at€some€time,ððÏòòHughes€v.€Stateóó,€126€Tenn.€40,€78,€148€S.W.€543,€552€(1912),€the€State€may€beÏgranted€permission€to€reopen€its€case€immediately€after€it€has€rested,€òòState€v.ÏHarringtonóó,€627€S.W.2d€345,€348€(Tenn.€1981);€òòWhite€v.€Stateóó,€497€S.W.2d€751,€754Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).€€For€instance,€on€occasion,€the€State€may€need€to€reopen€itsÏcase„in„chief€because€the€district€attorney€general€failed€to€prove€an€essentialÏelement€or€introduce€relevant€evidence€due€to€an€oversight.€€òòSee,€e.g.óó,€òòHarringtonóó,Ï627€S.W.2d€at€348;€òòWhiteóó,€497€S.W.2d€at€754.€€The€Stateððs€motion€to€reopen€its€case„in„chief€for€the€purpose€of€introducing€additional€evidence€addresses€itself€to€theÏsound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€òòHarringtonóó,€627€S.W.2d€at€348;€òòHughesóó,€126€Tenn.Ïat€74„75,€148€S.W.€at€552;€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€926,€931€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1995);€òòWhiteóó,€497€S.W.2d€at€754.€€An€appellate€court€will€not€interfere€with€theÏexercise€of€this€discretion€unless€clear€abuse€appears€on€the€face€of€the€record.€ÏòòTuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€at€931;€òòState€v.€Bellóó,€690€S.W.2d€879,€882€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1985);€òòWhiteóó,€497€S.W.2d€at€754.€ÌÌà àà àHere,€the€record€clearly€reflects€the€district€attorney€general€andÏdefense€counsel€entered€into€an€agreement,€but€that€there€was€an€honestÏdisagreement€regarding€the€scope€of€the€agreement.€€A€miscarriage€of€justice€wouldÏhave€resulted€if€the€Stateððs€motion€to€reopen€its€case„in„chief€had€been€denied.€€ForÏthese€reasons,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€permitting€the€State€toÏreopen€its€case„in„chief€in€order€to€prove€the€victimððs€identity.ÌÌÓ  Óò òIV.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€contends€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€areÏexcessive.€€He€argues€the€trial€court€erred€by€using€certain€enhancement€factors€andÏrefusing€to€apply€certain€mitigating€factors.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€applied€six€enhancement€factors€in€determining€theÏlength€of€the€defendantððs€sentences:€(a)€the€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim,ÏT.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„114(3);€(b)€the€defendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victim€to€be€treated€withÏextreme€cruelty,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(5);€(c)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€anÏunwillingness€to€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€theÏcommunity,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(8);€(d)€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€aboutÏcommitting€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(10);€(e)Íthe€defendant€was€on€probation€for€a€former€felony€conviction,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(13);€and€(f)€the€defendant€was€adjudicated€to€have€committed€a€delinquent€act€orÏacts€as€a€juvenile€which€would€have€constituted€a€felony€if€committed€by€an€adult,ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(20).ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€should€not€have€usedÏenhancement€factor€(5),€the€defendant€treated€or€allowed€the€victim€to€be€treated€withÏextreme€cruelty.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(5).€€This€enhancement€factor€is€not€an€elementÏof€either€second„degree€murder€or€aggravated€assault.€€Moreover,€the€record€reflectsÏthe€defendant€and€Dunn€put€Box€in€the€trunk€of€the€defendantððs€car€and€transportedÏhim€to€the€bridge€spanning€the€Rutherford€Fork€of€the€Obion€River.€€Box€was€nearÏdeath€and€should€have€been€taken€to€a€hospital.€€Although€both€the€defendant€andÏDunn€were€aware€Box€was€still€alive,€they€pushed€him€into€the€river€and€then€fled€theÏjurisdiction.€€This€conduct€was€extremely€cruel.€€This€subissue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àNext,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erroneously€appliedÏenhancement€factor€(8),€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€an€unwillingness€toÏcomply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(8).€€When€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€trial€court€stated€on€theÏrecord€that€it€was€relying€upon€the€presentence€report.€€However,€the€record€onÍappeal€does€not€contain€the€presentence€report,€which€makes€it€impossible€for€thisÏCourt€to€conduct€an€appropriate€de€novo€review€of€this€issue€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€or€determine€whether€the€trial€court€erred.€€òòState€v.€Hayesóó,€894€S.W.2d€298Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Instead,€this€Court€must€conclusively€presume€that€the€trialÏcourt€correctly€used€this€enhancement€factor€to€enhance€the€defendantððs€sentences.€ÏòòState€v.€Coolidgeóó,€915€S.W.2d€820,€826„27€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Embryóó,Ï915€S.W.2d€451€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Locustóó,€914€S.W.2d€554,€557Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).ÌÌà àà àNext,€the€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erroneously€appliedÏenhancement€factor€(10),€the€defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crimeÏwhen€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(10).€€This€Court€hasÏpreviously€held€this€factor€is€not€applicable€in€second„degree€murder€cases,€òòState€v.ÏButleróó,€900€S.W.2d€305,€313„14€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€or€aggravated€assaultÏcases,€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€885€S.W.2d€357,€363€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Thus,€the€trialÏcourt€erred€in€using€this€factor€to€increase€the€defendantððs€sentences.ÌÌ`à àà àAlthough€the€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€use€of€enhancementÏfactor€(3),€the€offense€involved€more€than€one€(1)€victim,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(3),€theÏState€correctly€states€in€its€brief€this€factor€may€not€be€used€to€enhance€theÍdefendantððs€sentences.€€In€this€case€there€were€two€victims,€but€the€defendant€wasÏconvicted€of€committing€a€crime€against€each€victim.€€The€appellate€courts€haveÏconsistently€held€enhancement€factor€(3)€may€not€be€used€to€enhance€a€sentenceÏunder€these€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Freemanóó,€943€S.W.2d€25,€31€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1996);€€òòState€v.€Williamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€82€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.ÏClaboóó,€905€S.W.2d€197,€206€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€erred€inÏusing€this€factor€to€increase€the€defendantððs€sentences.ÌœÌà àà àThe€defendant€also€does€not€challenge€the€use€of€enhancement€factorÏ(13),€that€the€felonies€here€were€committed€while€the€defendant€was€on€probationÏfrom€a€prior€felony€conviction.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114(13)(C).€€It€appears€clear€from€theÏrecord€that€the€defendant€was€on€probation€for€a€juvenile€offense,€not€a€felonyÏconviction,€when€he€committed€the€instant€crimes,€thus€rendering€enhancementÏfactor€(13)€inapplicable.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€also€erred€in€using€enhancement€factorÏ(13)€to€increase€the€defendantððs€sentences.›ÌœÌ›à àà àThere€are€certain€enhancement€factors€that€the€trial€court€did€not€apply,Ïeven€though€they€are€supported€by€the€record.€The€defendant€testified€he€smokedÏmarijuana€frequently€and€sold€drugs€on€occasion.€€Each€time€the€defendantÍpossessed€or€sold€drugs€constituted€criminal€behavior.× ƒ# ××  ×€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Keelóó,€882ÏS.W.2d€410,€419€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€Thus,€the€trial€court€should€have€appliedÏenhancement€factor€(1),€the€defendant€had€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictionsÏœor€criminal›€behavior.€€T.C.A.€œðð›€40„35„114(1).€€Additionally,€the€defendant€used€aÏdeadly€weapon,€a€knife,€to€kill€Box.€€Since€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€is€not€anÏelement€of€second„degree€murder,€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€second„degreeÏmurder€should€have€been€enhanced€pursuant€to€enhancement€factor€(9),€theÏdefendant€possessed€a€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€the€crime.€€T.C.A.€ððÏ40„35„114(9);€òòButleróó,€900€S.W.2d€at€312„13;€òòSills€v.€Stateóó,€884€S.W.2d€139,€145Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€ò òÌó óÌà àà àThe€trial€court€applied€one€mitigating€factor,€finding€that€the€defendantÏlacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€the€offenses€due€to€his€young€age,€whichÏwas€seventeen.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(6).€€The€defendant€argues€the€trial€court€shouldÏhave€also€considered€the€following€mitigating€factors:€(a)€he€acted€under€strongÏprovocation,€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(2);€(b)€substantial€grounds€existed€which€tended€toÏexcuse€or€justify€the€defendantððs€criminal€conduct€although€it€failed€to€establish€aÏdefense,€T.C.A.€Ìðð€40„35„113(3);€and€(c)€he€committed€the€offenses€under€such€unusualÏcircumstances€that€it€is€unlikely€there€was€a€substantial€intent€to€violate€the€law€whichÏmotivated€his€conduct.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(11).€€We€disagree.ÌÌà àà àThis€entire€matter€began€when€the€defendant€lied€to€Reynolds€by€tellingÏhim€he€had€sold€the€drum€set.€€The€defendant€then€antagonized€Reynolds€byÏrepeatedly€refusing€to€give€him€his€share€of€profits€from€the€ð ðsale.ðð€€The€defendantÏcontinued€to€provoke€Reynolds€by€arguing€with€him€about€profits€from€a€sale€that€didÏnot€even€occur.€€Moreover,€there€is€no€question€the€defendant€was€always€theÏaggressor.€€He€attempted€to€get€Reynolds€to€go€somewhere€with€him€early€thatÏmorning,€and€later,€he€tried€to€get€Reynolds€to€ride€with€him€in€his€car.€€ReynoldsÏrefused€to€do€so.€€The€defendant€flashed€his€lights€to€entice€Reynolds€and€Box€to€pullÏto€the€side€of€the€road.€€The€defendant€stabbed€both€Reynolds€and€Box€for€noÏapparent€reason.€€Given€these€circumstances,€the€trial€court€properly€refused€to€applyÏthe€three€mitigating€factors€advanced€by€the€defendant.ÌÌà àà àIn€sum,€while€there€were€some€enhancement€factors€the€trial€courtÏshould€not€have€used€to€enhance€the€defendantððs€sentences,€there€were€otherÏfactors€the€trial€court€should€have€used€to€enhance€his€sentences.€€Further,€the€trialÏcourt€properly€applied€the€only€mitigating€factor€it€could€under€the€circumstances€ofÍthis€case,€i.e.,€that€the€defendant€lacked€substantial€judgment€in€committing€theÏoffenses€due€to€his€young€age.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(6).€€Thus,€we€find€no€errorÏwith€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓ  Óò òV.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€has€presented€an€issue€captioned€ð ð[w]hether€any€otherÏreversible€error€was€committed€by€the€trial€court,ðð€under€which€he€presents€fiveÏseparate€arguments.€€Although€this€Court€does€not€favor€the€lumping€of€severalÏunrelated€issues€within€a€single€issue,€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€914€S.W.2d€940,€947„48€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€each€argument€will€be€addressed€in€turn.ÌÌÓ  Óò òA.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€sought€to€introduce€two€photographs.€€€One€photographÏdepicted€a€confederate€flag€and€the€other€photograph€depicted€a€Nazi€swastika.€€TheÏdefendant€contended€that€Dunn€had€painted€these€insignias€on€the€bridge€whereÏBox€was€pushed€into€the€Obion€River.€€The€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€inÏruling€the€photographs€should€be€excluded€as€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Bowersóó,€744ÏS.W.2d€588,€590€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€This€evidence€was€not€relevant€to€anyÏissue€to€be€resolved€by€the€jury,€and€the€prejudicial€effect€of€admitting€this€evidenceÏwould€€far€outweigh€the€probative€value,€if€any,€of€the€photographs.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÍBanksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947,€951€(Tenn.€1978).€€Furthermore,€this€argument€has€beenÏwaived,€as€the€defendant€has€failed€to€cite€any€supporting€authority.€€T.R.A.P.Ï27(a)(7);€Rules€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€of€Tennessee€10(b).ÌÌÓ  Óò òB.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€ð ðhis€pre„trialÏmotion€for€funds€for€a€[private]€clinical€psychologist.ðð€€We€find€no€reversible€errorÏbecause€the€defendant€failed€to€comply€with€òòState€v.€Barnettóó,€909€S.W.2d€423€(Tenn.Ï1995).€€Moreover,€this€argument€has€been€waived€for€failure€to€cite€authority.€€T.R.A.P.Ï27(a)(7);€Rules€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€of€Tennessee€10(b).ÌÌÓ  Óò òC.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€his€motions€forÏa€judgment€of€acquittal€on€the€first„degree€murder€charge€and€by€instructing€the€juryÏon€the€offense€of€first„degree€murder.€€This€issue€is€moot€because€the€jury€returned€aÏverdict€of€second„degree€murder.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Robert€E.€Sandersonóó,€No.€01C01„9308„CR„00269,€Davidson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€filed€September€27,€1995,€atÏNashville).€€Additionally,€this€argument€has€been€waived€for€failure€to€cite€authority.€ÏT.R.A.P.€27(a)(7);€Rules€of€the€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€of€Tennessee€œ10(b).ÇÓ  ÓÑ  ÑÑ X Ñò ò›D.ó óÌÓ  Óà àà àThe€defendant€contends€the€trial€court€erred€in€denying€two€motions€forÏcontinuance.€€Whether€a€continuance€should€be€granted€rests€within€the€soundÏdiscretion€of€the€trial€court.€€òòMandina€v.€Stateóó,€749€S.W.2d€472,€473€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1985);€òòState€€v.€Lambertóó,€741€S.W.2d€127,€131€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€€This€CourtÏwill€not€interfere€with€the€exercise€of€this€discretion€absent€clear€abuse€appearing€onÏthe€face€of€the€record.€€òòMoorehead€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€271,€409€S.W.2d€357,€358Ï(1966).€€Here,€the€defendant€has€failed€to€show€clear€abuse€of€discretion.ÌœÌò òà@ àE.Ìó óà àà àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€under€T.C.A.€ðð€37„1„133(b),€the€trialÏcourt€erroneously€allowed€the€assistant€district€attorney€general€to€question€himÏduring€the€sentencing€hearing€about€his€prior€juvenile€court€proceedings€and€that€theÏtrial€court€improperly€used€this€evidence€to€enhance€his€sentence.€€The€defendantððsÏreliance€upon€ðð€37„1„133(b)€is€misplaced.€€Section€37„1„133(b)€states,€ð ðTheÏdisposition€of€a€child€and€evidence€adduced€in€a€hearing€in€juvenile€court€may€not€beÏused€against€such€child€in€any€proceeding€in€any€court€other€than€a€juvenile€court,Ïwhether€before€or€after€reaching€majority,€except€in€dispositional€proceedings€afterÏconviction€of€a€felony€for€the€purposes€of€a€pre„sentence€investigation€and€report.ðð€ÏHowever,€while€evidence€of€juvenile€convictions€is€not€admissible€during€the€guiltÏphase€of€a€criminal€case,€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€741€S.W.2d€120,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1987),€this€Court€has€held€that€ð ða€juvenile€record€of€criminal€conduct€may€properly€beÏconsidered€in€assessing€a€suitable€sentence€upon€a€felony€conviction€by€an€adult.ðð€ÍòòState€v.€Stocktonóó,€733€S.W.2d€111,€112„13€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1986).€€TheÏdefendantððs€argument€lacks€merit.›ÌÓ  Óò òœÌCONCLUSIONó ó›ÌÓ  Óà àà àEach€issue€raised€by€the€defendant€is€without€merit.€€The€judgment€ofÏthe€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà àà à_______________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJOHN€H.€PEAY,€Judge̛̜ÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌòòÌ(Not€participating)*€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€óóÌJOE€B.€JONES,€JudgeÌÌÌÌ______________________________________ÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌ*Ô€ ôÔJudge€Joe€B.€Jones€died€May€1,€1998,€and€did€not€participate€in€this€opinion.€€We€acknowledge€hisÏfaithful€service€to€this€Court,€both€as€a€member€of€the€Court€and€as€its€Presiding€Judge.