ÿWPC 0# °U:» %õ 0(ûw@#4cw† AQŽ 0lß 0DK 0J 0TÙ 0^- 0h‹ 0ró 0|e 0†á 0g 1u÷ 0dl BÐ Æí 0D³ 0@÷ 0D7 D/{ Bª D3Ç U*ú B)$ DCM AM íÝ v~Ê vÓH˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ,c½¬AZ‹"Arial RegularX($¡¡ õ Dö e÷ Dø ù Eú û Eü ý Ó€ n~<$ l0 ô3|x  !"#%Cþÿ<< Cÿÿ((3üÝ$¤¤Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ dƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó'''÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d****7Border 1dd "+Cþÿ << Gÿÿ ãÝ ƒ!ÝÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÝ ƒ!"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€)ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€)XÔÌÌò òJune€4,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€)ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó óPtPtHHØ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÒ  ellan Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€)ÔÝ  ÝÒ 4 ÒÒ X ÒÑ ` ÑÑ Ü ÑÑ\R AØ'\Ñ›Ñ7€*·XXdædÈ7ÑœòòÙ€ ÙßR€,-+A1-j|ì` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌÓ  ÓAT€JACKSONóóÌÓ  ÓÌà@ àMARCH€1998€SESSIONÌÌÌÌSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà àà à*€à àNo.€02C01„9710„CC„00375Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà à€€Appellee,à àà àà à*à àHardeman€CountyÌà àà àà àà àà àà à€Ìvs.à àà àà àà àà àà à*à àHon.€Jon€Kerry€Blackwood,€Judgeà àÌNORMAN€JEFFREY€PIPKIN,à àà à*à à(Rule€9€Interlocutory€Appeal)Ìà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àAppellant.à àà àà à*ÌÌÌÌÌÌòòFor€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àà àòòFor€Appelleeóó:ÌÌMike€Mosierà àà àà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€WalkupÌAttorney€at€Lawà àà àà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌ204€West€Baltimoreà àà àà àà àÌP.O.€Box€1623à àà àà àà àà àElizabeth€T.€RyanÌJackson,€TN€€38302„1623€à àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€NorthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àCordell€Hull€Building,€Second€FloorÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àà àÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àElizabeth€T.€RiceÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àHardeman€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBolivar,€TN€€38008ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àJerry€NorwoodÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àHardeman€County€CourthouseÌà àà àà àà àà àà àà àBolivar,€TN€€38008ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:___________________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÓÓÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JUDGEÇÑ7€*·XXdæXXdæ7Ñà@ àòòOPINIONóóÌà àà àThe€defendant,€Norman€Jeffrey€Pipkin,€was€denied€an€application€forÏpretrial€diversion.€€In€this€interlocutory€appeal€pursuant€to€Rule€9,€Tennessee€RulesÏof€Appellate€Procedure,€the€defendant€presents€one€issue€for€review:€€whether€theÏtrial€court€erred€by€ruling€that€the€district€attorney€did€not€abuse€her€discretion€inÏdenying€the€defendantððs€application€for€pretrial€diversion.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant,€who€had€obtained€permission€to€hunt€on€the€propertyÏof€a€friend,€either€intentionally€or€unintentionally€went€onto€the€nearby€property€ofÏanother€landowner€without€permission.€€When€Joel€Porter€and€a€friend,€Rob€Kalb,Ïconfronted€the€defendant,€he€attempted€to€escape.€€Porter€caught€him€and€askedÏfor€identification.€€The€defendant€refused,€later€maintaining€that€the€men€wereÏarmed€and€hostile€toward€him€in€spite€of€his€attempts€to€explain.€€Porter€left€to€callÏthe€game€warden€while€Kalb€stayed€to€watch€the€defendant.€€When€the€defendantÏattempted€to€leave,€Kalb€followed.€€What€happened€thereafter€is€subject€to€dispute.€ÏThe€defendant€asserted€that€Kalb€then€aimed€his€gun€at€the€defendant.€€He€claimedÏthat€after€thirty€or€forty„five€minutes,€he€caught€Kalb€off„guard€and€disarmed€him.€ÏThe€defendant€pointed€his€shotgun€at€Kalbððs€head€and€ordered€him€to€empty€hisÍweapon€and€relinquish€the€shells.€€As€he€did€so,€the€defendant€asked€Kalb€if€heÏhad€a€family.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€Kalb€then€threatened€him,€saying€that€ifÏhe€ever€saw€the€defendant€again,€he€would€kill€him.ÌÌà àà àLater€in€the€day,€game€warden€officers€went€to€the€defendantððsÏresidence€to€ask€him€about€the€incident.€€Initially,€the€defendant€denied€that€he€hadÏbeen€hunting€that€morning.€€Later,€he€admitted€he€had€been€hunting€and€claimed€toÏthe€officers€that€two€men€had€chased€him€down.€€The€defendant€was€then€chargedÏwith€aggravated€assault€and€hunting€without€permission.ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant,€thirty„five€years€old,€has€been€married€thirteen€yearsÏand€is€the€father€of€two€children.€€He€has€been€employed€by€Proctor€and€Gamble€forÏnearly€a€decade,€has€no€criminal€history,€and€has€taken€an€active€role€in€hisÏcommunity.€€He€coaches€youth€baseball€and€softball€teams€and€activelyÏparticipates€in€the€Optimist€Club.€€The€defendant€is€also€an€avid€sportsman€andÏhunter.ÌÌà àà àThe€district€attorney€general€recognized€that€the€defendant€hadÏpresented€a€favorable€argument€for€pretrial€diversion.€€She€reviewed€theÏapplication,€the€letters€filed€on€behalf€of€the€defendant,€and€the€investigative€reportÍprepared€by€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€record€establishes€that€sheÏconsidered€the€circumstances€of€the€offense,€€the€use€of€a€deadly€weapon,€denial€ofÏcriminal€responsibility€by€the€defendant,€the€affidavits€of€complaint,€and€theÏdeterrent€effect€of€punishment€on€criminal€activity€in€ultimately€determining€thatÏpretrial€diversion€should€be€denied.€€The€district€attorney€general€provided€fiveÏreasons€for€rejecting€the€application:€€€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€à0 àThe€offenses€were€not€impulsive,€but€requiredÏpremeditation,€effort€and€planning.ÌÌà àà8 à(2)€à0 àThere€was€a€sustained€intent€to€violate€the€law.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(3)€à0 àDefendant€has€failed€to€accept€responsibility€forÏthe€commission€of€the€offenses€charged.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(4)à0 àThe€attitude€of€law€enforcement€in€this€case€thatÏdiversion€should€be€denied.ÌÌà8 àà8 à(5)à0 àConsidering€the€above€factors,€it€appears€thatÏpretrial€diversion€will€not€serve€the€ends€of€justiceÏand€the€best€interest€of€the€public€and€theÏDefendant.ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àThe€defendant€filed€a€petition€for€the€writ€of€certiorari€following€theÏdenial€of€his€application€for€diversion.€€The€defendant€alleged€that€the€districtÏattorney€general€had€abused€her€discretion€in€refusing€to€grant€his€application.€€TheÏtrial€court€afforded€the€defendant€an€evidentiary€hearing€but€denied€relief€on€theÍground€the€district€attorney€general€did€not€patently€abuse€her€discretion.€€The€trialÏcourt€made€no€findings€of€fact.€€Afterward,€this€court€entered€an€order€granting€theÏdefendantððs€application€for€permission€to€appeal.ÌÌà àà àWhether€to€grant€or€deny€an€application€for€pretrial€diversion€is€in€theÏdiscretion€of€the€district€attorney€general.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„15„105;€òòState€v.ÏHammersleyóó,€650€S.W.2d€352,€353€(Tenn.€1983);€òòState€v.€Carróó,€861€S.W.2d€850,Ï855€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€€On€a€petition€for€certiorari,€the€hearing€conducted€byÏthe€trial€judge€is€limited€to€two€issues:€ÌÓÓà8 àà8 à(1)€€whether€the€accused€is€eligible€for€diversion;€andÌÌà8 àà8 à(2)€€whether€the€attorney€general€abused€her€discretionÏin€refusing€to€divert€the€accused.ÌÌòòState€v.€Watkinsóó,€607€S.W.2d€486,€488„89€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1980).€€ÌÌÌÌÓÓà àà àIn€making€the€initial€determination,€the€district€attorney€general€mustÏconsider€(1)€the€circumstances€of€the€offense;€(2)€the€defendant's€criminal€record;Ï(3)€the€defendant's€social€history;€(4)€the€defendant's€physical€and€mentalÏcondition;€(5)€the€deterrent€effect€of€punishment€upon€other€criminal€activity;€(6)€theÏdefendant's€amenability€to€correction;€(7)€the€likelihood€that€pretrial€diversion€willÏ"serve€the€ends€of€justice"€and€the€best€interests€of€the€defendant€and€the€public;Íand€(8)€the€defendant's€"attitude,€behavior€since€arrest,€prior€record,€homeÏenvironment,€current€drug€usage,€emotional€stability,€past€employment,€generalÏreputation,€marital€stability,€family€responsibility,€and€attitude€of€law€enforcement."€ÏòòState€v.€Washingtonóó,€866€S.W.2d€950,€951€(Tenn.€1993)€(citing€òòState€v.€Markhamóó,Ï755€S.W.2d€850,€852„53€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988)).€€The€nature€and€circumstancesÏof€the€alleged€offenses€are€not€only€appropriate€factors€to€be€considered€uponÏapplication€for€diversion€but€may€alone€provide€a€sufficient€basis€for€denial.€€òòCarróó,Ï861€S.W.2d€at€855;€òòState€v.€Suttonóó,€668€S.W.2d€678,€680€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984).ÌÌà àà àThe€circumstances€of€the€case€and€a€generalized€need€forÏdeterrence,€however,€"cannot€be€given€òòcontrollingóó€weight€unless€they€are€'of€suchÏoverwhelming€significance€that€they€[necessarily]€outweigh€all€other€factors.'"€ÏòòWashingtonóó,€866€S.W.2d€at€951€(emphasis€in€original)€(quoting€òòMarkhamóó,€755ÏS.W.2d€at€853).€€Where€there€are€no€"such€exceptional€circumstances,€'the€districtÏattorney€general€must€consider€evidence€which€tends€to€show€that€the€applicant€isÏamenable€to€correction€[by€diversion]€and€is€not€likely€to€commit€further€criminalÏacts.'"€€òòId.óó;€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Winsettóó,€882€S.W.2d€806,€810€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).ÌÌà àà à"The€decision€of€a€district€attorney€general€granting€or€denying€pretrialÏdiversion€to€an€accused€is€said€to€be€'presumptively€correct';€and€the€decisionÍshould€not€be€set€aside€unless€there€has€been€a€'patent€or€gross€abuse€ofÏprosecutorial€discretion.'"€€òòState€v.€Perryóó,€882€S.W.2d€357,€360€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ï1994)€(quoting€òòPace€v.€Stateóó,€566€S.W.2d€861,€870€(Tenn.€1978)).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.ÏPinkhamóó,€955€S.W.2d€956,€957€(Tenn.€1997)€(holding€the€district€attorney€mustÏ"include€in€the€record€the€factual€basis€and€rationale€for€denying€diversion").€ÌÌà àà àThe€defendant€has€the€burden€of€providing€the€district€attorney€withÏinformation€in€his€application€that€supports€his€eligibility€and€suitability€for€pretrialÏdiversion.€€òòState€v.€Herronóó,€767€S.W.2d€151,€156€(Tenn.€1989).€€The€trial€court€doesÏnot€conduct€a€de€novo€review€at€the€certiorari€hearing€but€looks€instead€only€to€theÏinformation€available€to€and€considered€by€the€prosecutor€when€deciding€to€denyÏdiversion.€€òòWinsettóó,€882€S.W.2d€at€809;€òòSuttonóó,€668€S.W.2d€at€680.€€And,€where€theÏrecord€would€support€the€grant€or€denial€of€pretrial€diversion,€the€court€must€defer€toÏthe€prosecutor's€discretion.€€òòCarróó,€861€S.W.2d€at€856€(citing€òòState€v.€Grearóó,€568ÏS.W.2d€285,€286€(Tenn.€1978)).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€this€case,€there€is€substantial€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€theÏdistrict€attorney€generalððs€decision€to€refuse€to€enter€into€a€memorandum€ofÏunderstanding€with€the€defendant.€€The€defendantððs€untruthfulness€or€lack€ofÏcandor€are€factors€the€district€attorney€general€may€consider€in€determiningÍwhether€to€grant€pretrial€diversion.€€òòState€v.€Neaseóó,€713€S.W.2d€90,€92€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1986).€€Those€factors€reflect€upon€prospects€for€rehabilitation.€€òòSeeóó€òòUnitedÏStates€v.€Graysonóó,€438€U.S.€41(1978);€òòState€v.€Mortonóó,€639€S.W.2d€666,€669€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1982);€òòState€v.€Poeóó,€614€S.W.2d€403,€404€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).€ÏHere,€the€Ìdefendant€first€denied€he€had€been€hunting.€€Later,€he€recanted€but€withheldÏinformation€about€whether€he€had€threatened€Kalb€with€his€rifle.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€seriousness€of€the€circumstances€were€relevant€considerationsÏfor€the€district€attorney€general€in€denying€diversion.€€The€defendant€admits€that€heÏaimed€his€weapon€at€Kalb€in€a€threatening€manner.€€The€situation€could€easilyÏhave€elevated€into€a€deadly€confrontation.€€ÌÌà àà àIt€is€our€conclusion€that€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€supportsÏthe€trial€court's€decision€to€affirm€the€district€attorney€general's€denial€of€pretrialÏdiversion.€€The€defendant€has€failed€to€demonstrate€abuse€of€prosecutorialÏdiscretion.€€This€œpreclude›œs€any›€consideration€of€judicial€diversion.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€40„35„313.ÌÌà àà àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à_________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àGary€R.€Wade,€JudgeÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌòò(See€below)€€€óó€€ÌJoe€B.€Jones,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌÌ________________________________€ÌJerry€L.€Smith,€JudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌHonorable€Joe€B.€Jones€died€May€1,€1998,€and€did€not€participate€in€this€opinion.€ÏWe€acknowledge€his€faithful€service€to€this€Court,€both€as€a€member€of€the€CourtÏand€as€its€Presiding€Judge.