ÿWPCH …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 H 0JP 0Tš 0^î 0hL 0r´ 0|& 0†¢ 0( 1u¸ 0d- U>‘ U*Ï B)ù DC" AMe² BÂv~ßvÓ] D30 0@c AO£Æò 0D¸ D/ü B+˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- UDDE E!"E#$Ó€Ô¡¨ 3|x-2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌDecember€4,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ÑÑ€ÑÑ7€…]XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òÙ€€ÙßR€#$"A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌà0 à€IN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌJUNE€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓ` °†XDp”XÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)à àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9605„CR„00210Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àHON.€THOMAS€H.€SHRIVER,ÏJUDGE€ÌWINFORD€LEE€PIPKIN,à à)à àó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à àó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)à àœ(RAPE€OF€A€CHILD€AND€Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à à€AGGRAVATED€KIDNAPPING)›ÌÓ ` °œXÓó ớ̜ÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òDAVID€COLLINS€à àà àà àà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ìó ó211€Printers€Alley€Bldg.à àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌFourth€Floor€ÌNashville,€TN€37201à à€à àà àò òKAREN€M.€YACUZZOó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌà àà àà àà àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,€IIIÌà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òWILLIAM€REEDó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà àWashington€Square,€Suite€500€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà à222€Second€Avenue€SouthÌà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€37201€ÌÌÌœ›ÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEò ò€ÌÓ  ÓÔ€ °ÔòòœOPINIONóóó óÔ€ ŠÔ›ÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àà àThe€Defendant,€Winford€Lee€Pipkin,€was€convicted€of€one€(1)€countÏof€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€and€five€(5)€counts€of€rape€of€a€childÏfollowing€a€jury€trial€in€the€Criminal€Court€of€Davidson€County.€€He€appeals€asÏof€right€and€presents€the€following€issues:€€ÌÓÓà àà à1)à0 àThe€five€(5)€convictions€for€rape€of€a€child€should€be€reversedÏand€dismissed€because€the€indictment€in€each€count€failed€toÏallege€the€mens€rea.€ÌÌà àà à2)à0 àThe€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€include€in€its€charge€to€theÏjury€the€minimum€number€of€years€a€person€sentenced€toÏimprisonment€for€the€offense€charged€must€serve€beforeÏreaching€the€earliest€release€eligibility€date.ÌÌà àà à3)à0 àThe€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€the€testimony€of€Sue€Ross.ÌÌà àà à4)à0 àThe€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€consecutive€sentences.ÌÓÓÌà àà àFinding€no€reversible€error,€we€affirm€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àThe€sentences€imposed€upon€Defendant€by€the€trial€court€are€asÏfollows:Ìà àCount€1€à àEspecially€Aggravated€Kidnapping€à àà à35€years€Ìà àCount€2€€à àRape€of€a€Child€à àà àà àà àà à25€yearsÌà àCount€3à àRape€of€a€Child€à àà àà àà àà à40€yearsÌà àCount€4à àRape€of€a€Childà àà àà àà àà à40€yearsÌà àCount€5à àRape€of€a€Childà àà àà àà àà à40€yearsÌà àCount€6à àRape€of€a€Childà àà àà àà àà à30€yearsÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€ordered€counts€2,€3,€4,€and€5€to€be€servedÏconcurrently€with€each€other.€€However,€count€1€was€ordered€to€be€servedÏconsecutively€to€count€6,€and€count€6€was€ordered€to€be€served€consecutivelyÏto€the€concurrent€sentences€in€counts€2,€3,€4,€and€5.€€The€total€effective€sentenceÏis€one€hundred€five€(105)€years.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€to€support€the€convictions€is€notÏchallenged€on€appeal,€and€therefore€only€a€brief€review€of€the€facts€isÏnecessary.€€In€September€1994,€the€victim,€twelve„year„old€D.S.,€(this€court€willÏrefer€to€the€juvenile€victim€by€his€initials)€was€walking€home€from€a€neighborhoodÏstore€when€the€Defendant€drove€up€in€his€vehicle.€€The€Defendant€asked€D.S.€ifÏhe€wanted€to€earn€some€money€helping€the€Defendant€move€furniture.€€D.S.ððsÍbrother€was€walking€some€distance€in€front€of€the€victim.€€D.S.€called€to€hisÏbrother€to€see€if€he€wanted€to€help€also.€€The€Defendant€told€D.S.€that€he€onlyÏneeded€one€helper.€€D.S.€observed€a€cloth€over€Defendantððs€hand,€and€whenÏthe€Defendant€told€D.S.€to€get€into€the€vehicle,€D.S.€was€afraid€not€to€comply.€€ÌÌà àà àAfter€driving€around€for€a€considerable€period€of€time€in€DavidsonÏCounty,€the€Defendant€took€D.S.€to€Defendantððs€apartment€where€the€acts€ofÏrape€of€a€child€occurred.€€While€at€the€apartment,€Defendant€forced€D.S.€to€takeÏa€shower,€and€the€Defendant€rinsed€out€or€otherwise€washed€the€victimððsÏclothes.€€Early€the€next€morning,€Defendant€drove€D.S.€around€in€DavidsonÏCounty€again,€ultimately€letting€him€out€of€the€vehicle€at€a€location€near€the€homeÏof€the€victimððs€grandmother.€€Members€of€the€victimððs€family,€as€well€as€policeÏofficers€and€others,€searched€for€the€victim€all€night.€€The€victim€was€taken€to€aÏhospital€where€he€was€examined,€including€giving€a€history€to€Sue€Ross,€aÏpediatric€nurse€practitioner.€€ÌÌà àà àDuring€the€investigation,€the€victim€identified€Defendant€from€aÏphotographic€lineup€and€also€identified€Defendantððs€vehicle€by€specific€color,Ïsize,€scratches€and€dents.€€The€victim€testified€in€detail€as€to€the€events€of€theÏcrimes,€and€identified€the€Defendant€at€trial.€€D.S.€also€testified€that€DefendantÏbrandished€a€knife€during€the€sexual€assaults.ÌÌà àòòsufficiency€of€the€counts€of€the€indictment€charging€rape€of€a€childÌÌóóà àà àThe€substance€of€each€count€of€the€indictment€which€charges€rapeÏof€a€child€alleges€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àThat€Winford€Lee€Pipkin€on€a€day€in€September€1994,€in€DavidsonÏCounty,€Tennessee,€and€before€the€finding€of€this€indictment,€didÏengage€in€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€[D.S.]€(D.O.B.€01„06„82),Ïa€child€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€ofÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„522,€and€against€the€peaceÏand€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.ÌÓÓÌà àà àDefendant€argues€that€since€the€counts€of€the€indictment€chargingÏrape€of€a€child€do€not€allege€either€intentional,€knowing,€or€reckless€conduct,€thenÏthe€essential€element€of€the€mens€rea€is€missing,€and€the€counts€of€theÏindictment€are€void.€€Defendant€relies€upon€a€decision€of€this€court€in€òòState€v.€Hillóó,ÏNo.€01C01„9508„CC„00267,€Wayne€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€JuneÏ20,€1996).€€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€recently€reversed€this€courtððsÏdecision€€in€òòState€v.€Hillóó.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hillóó,€_____€S.W.2d€_____,€No.€01„S„01„9701„CC„00005,€Wayne€County€(Tenn.,€Jackson,€Nov.€3,€1997).€€TheÏindictment€in€òòHillóó€charged€in€all€counts€the€following:ÌÓÓà8 à[The€defendant]€did€unlawfully€sexually€penetrate€[the€victim]€aÏperson€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age,€in€violation€ofÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€39„13„502,€all€of€which€is€againstÏthe€peace€and€dignity€of€the€State€of€Tennessee.Ì€€ÌÓÓÌà àà àWhile€the€Defendant€in€òòHillóó€was€charged€with€aggravated€rape,Ïand€the€Defendant€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€was€convicted€of€rape€of€a€child,€theÏsubstance€of€the€two€offenses€are€identical,€i.e.€both€involve€unlawful€sexualÏpenetration€of€a€child€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age.ÌÌà àà àDefendant€argues€that€the€indictment€charging€him€with€variousÏcounts€of€rape€of€a€child€violate€his€rights€guaranteed€by€the€Sixth€andÏFourteenth€Amendments€to€the€United€States€Constitution€and€Article€I,€Section€9Ïof€the€Tennessee€Constitution€which€require€an€accused€to€be€informed€of€theÏnature€and€cause€of€the€accusation.ÌÌà àà àThe€supreme€court€in€òòHillóó€held€that€the€required€mental€state€may€beÏinferred€from€the€nature€of€the€criminal€conduct€alleged€in€the€indictment€underÏreview€in€that€case.€€As€the€statutory€elements€of€the€offense€denoted€as€rapeÏof€a€child€are€identical€to€the€previous€offense€denoted€as€aggravated€rape€of€aÏchild€less€than€thirteen€(13)€years€of€age€and€the€language€of€the€indictment€inÏDefendantððs€case€is€essentially€identical€to€the€indictment€involved€in€òòHillóó,€ourÏsupreme€courtððs€decision€in€òòHillóó€is€controlling.€€The€required€mental€state€ofÏintentional,€knowingly,€or€recklessly€may€be€inferred€from€the€nature€of€the€criminalÏconduct€alleged€in€this€indictment.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ìœ›Ìà@ àòòJury€charge€relative€to€possible€punishmentóóÌÌà àà àDefendant€complains€that€the€trial€court€did€not€comply€with€theÏprovisions€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„201(b)(2)(A)(i).€€ThisÏsubsection€of€the€Criminal€Sentencing€Reform€Act€of€1989€requires€the€trial€courtÏto€include€in€its€charge€ð ðan€approximate€calculation€of€the€minimum€number€ofÏyears€a€person€sentenced€to€imprisonment€for€the€offense€charged€and€lesserÏincluded€offenses€must€serve€before€reaching€such€personððs€earliest€releaseÏeligibility€dateðð€among€other€information.€€This€subsection€is€applicable€wheneverÏa€party€makes€a€motion€for€the€court€to€charge€the€possible€penalties€for€theÏoffense€charged€and€all€lesser€included€offenses.€€The€State€concedes€in€its€briefÏthat€the€trial€court€failed€to€comply€with€this€particular€portion€of€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€40„35„201.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€the€judgment€for€each€conviction€of€rape€of€a€child,€DefendantÏwas€€properly€sentenced€as€a€ð ðchild€rapistðð€as€defined€in€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€39„13„523.€€That€statute€specifically€provides€that€a€ð ðchildÏrapistðð€is€required€to€serve€the€entire€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court,Ïundiminished€by€any€sentence€reduction€credits€that€the€Defendant€may€beÏeligible€for€or€earn.ÌÌà àà àIn€this€appeal,€Defendant€argues€that€it€was€reversible€error€for€theÏtrial€court€to€fail€to€provide€this€particular€information€in€the€jury€charge€pursuant€toÏthe€provisions€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„201(b)(2)(A)(i).€€ÌÌà àOur€supreme€court€has€previously€held€that€an€alleged€error€involving€theÏjury€charge€concerning€the€range€of€punishment€is€not€a€constitutional€error.€ÏòòState€v.€Cookóó,€816€S.W.2d€322,€326€(Tenn.€1991).€€Therefore,€any€alleged€errorÏconcerning€jury€charge€as€to€the€eligibility€of€parole€is€governed€by€Rule€52(a)€ofÏthe€Tennessee€Rules€of€Criminal€Procedure€and€Rule€36(b)€of€the€TennesseeÏRules€of€Appellate€Procedure.€€Rule€52(a)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€CriminalÏProcedure€provides€that€ð ð[n]o€judgment€of€conviction€shall€be€reversed€onÏappeal€except€for€errors€which€affirmatively€appear€to€have€affected€the€result€ofÏthe€trial€on€the€merits.ðð€€Rule€36(b)€of€the€Tennessee€Rules€of€AppellateÏProcedure€provides€that€ð ð[a]€final€judgment€from€which€relief€is€available€andÏotherwise€appropriate€shall€not€be€set€aside€unless,€considering€the€wholeÏrecord,€error€involving€a€substantial€right€more€probably€than€not€affected€theÏjudgment€or€would€result€in€prejudice€to€the€judicial€process.ððÌÌà àà àIn€òòState€v.€Cookóó,€our€supreme€court,€in€discussing€the€rationale€forÏthe€enactment€of€a€statutory€right€to€have€a€jury€know€the€range€of€punishment,Ïeven€though€the€trial€court€and€not€the€jury€sets€punishment,€stated€as€follows:ÌÓÓà8 àIt€is€widely€perceived€by€those€who€observed€the€operations€of€ourÏtrial€courts€in€previous€times,€when€juries€had€the€additionalÏresponsibility€of€setting€punishment,€that€often€they€seemed€to€findÏguilt€of€a€crime€not€necessarily€most€strongly€suggested€by€theÏevidence,€but€one€the€punishment€for€which€suited€their€sense€ofÏjustice€for€the€case.€€Apparently€the€Legislature€desired€to€giveÏthose€charged€with€crimes€the€option€of€making€certain€that€the€juryÏknew€the€punitive€consequences€of€guilty€verdicts€in€the€casesÏunder€consideration,€and€this€court€respects€the€right€of€theÏLegislature€to€do€so.€ÌÌÌòòIdóó.€at€326„27.ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àIn€òòCookóó,€the€supreme€court€did€hold€that€it€was€reversible€error€forÏthe€trial€court€to€charge€the€jury€solely€as€to€a€Range€I€punishment,€when,€at€theÏtime€of€the€trial,€the€charges€for€which€Defendant€could€be€convicted€mandatedÏRange€II€punishment.€€The€supreme€court€held€that€whatever€rights€theÏdefendant€might€have€would€be€lost€if€he€were€to€be€sentenced€to€aÏpunishment€greater€than€that€which€the€jury€was€informed€would€be€imposed.€ÏòòIdóó.€at€327.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€Defendantððs€case,€the€jury€was€correctly€informed€as€to€theÏspecific€range€of€possible€sentences.€€In€addition,€no€lesser€included€offenses€toÍthe€charges€of€rape€of€a€child€were€included€in€the€charge€to€the€jury,€and€fromÏthe€record,€it€appears€that€no€lesser€included€offenses€were€applicable€in€theÏcase.€€Therefore,€the€jury€had€the€choice,€on€each€count€of€rape€of€a€child,€ofÏeither€convicting€the€Defendant€or€acquitting€him.€€There€is€absolutely€nothing€inÏthe€record€to€indicate€that€the€jury€would€have€considered€acquittal€simply€byÏbeing€informed€that€the€sentences€had€to€be€served€day€for€day€without€theÏpossibility€of€sentence€reduction€credits.€€The€proof€of€Defendantððs€guilt€wasÏoverwhelming.€€We€conclusively€find€that€the€trial€courtððs€failure€to€inform€the€juryÏthat€the€Defendant€would€not€be€eligible€for€sentence€reduction€credits€on€anyÏsentence€imposed€on€a€conviction€of€rape€of€a€child€does€not€affirmativelyÏappear€to€have€affected€the€results€of€the€trial€on€the€merits.€€Neither€does€theÏtrial€courtððs€failure€to€do€so,€in€this€particular€case,€prejudice€the€judicial€process.€ÏThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àòòtestimony€of€sue€rossóóÌÌà àà àSue€Ross€testified€concerning€statements€made€by€the€DefendantÏabout€the€assault.€€Defendant€did€not€object€to€the€testimony€of€Ross€during€theÏtrial.€€Since€the€Defendant€failed€to€take€action€that€was€reasonably€available€toÏprevent€or€nullify€any€harmful€effect€of€the€alleged€error,€he€is€not€entitled€to€reliefÏon€this€issue.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a).€€Defendant€argues,€however,€that€it€wasÍð ðplain€errorðð€for€the€trial€court€to€allow€this€testimony.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€ÏRule€52(b)€allows€this€court,€in€its€discretion,€to€address€ð ðplain€error€.€.€.€whereÏnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ðð€€€ÌÌà àà àSue€Ross,€a€pediatric€nurse€practitioner,€examined€the€victim€at€theÏhospital€within€a€few€hours€of€the€victimððs€release€by€Defendant.€€Ms.€RossððÏspecialty€is€the€medical€evaluation€of€children€who€have€been€sexually€abused.€ÏShe€testified€that€during€the€physical€examination€of€D.S.€she€obtained€a€briefÏhistory€from€the€child€for€the€purposes€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment€.€€SheÏfurther€testified€that€the€history€from€the€victim€is€necessary€to€know€what€type€ofÏtests€need€to€be€ordered,€to€make€the€most€accurate€diagnosis,€and€to€prescribeÏthe€best€treatment€for€the€child.€€Ms.€Ross€testified€that€D.S.€related€that€he€hadÏbeen€abducted€and€taken€to€an€apartment€where€a€male€had€anally€and€orallyÏpenetrated€him€with€the€perpetratorððs€penis.€€Furthermore,€D.S.€told€Ms.€RossÏthat€he€had€been€forced€to€take€a€shower,€his€clothes€had€been€washed,€andÏthat€shampoo€had€been€used€on€his€rectal€area€prior€to€the€penetration.€€D.S.Ïalso€informed€Ms.€Ross€that€he€suffered€from€burning€and€stinging€when€he€œhadÏhad›€a€bowel€movement€following€the€sexual€assaults.€€ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court,€without€request€by€Defendant,€instructed€the€jury€thatÏthis€testimony€by€Ms.€Ross€was€hearsay,€but€was€admissible€only€to€showÍthe€information€available€to€the€pediatric€nurse€practitioner€for€her€diagnosis€andÏtreatment€of€the€victim.€€The€trial€court€specifically€instructed€the€jury€that€thisÏtestimony€by€Ms.€Ross€was€not€evidence€that€the€events€actually€happened.€€ÌÌà àà àDefendant€relies€upon€òòState€v.€Livingstonóó,€907€S.W.2d€392€(Tenn.Ï1995),€arguing€that€the€trial€court€committed€plain€error€by€allowing€this€evidenceÏof€ð ðfresh€complaint.ðð€€Our€supreme€court€in€òòLivingstonóó€held€that:ÌÓÓà8 à[No]€acceptable€basis€exists€for€stretching€the€fresh„complaintÏdoctrine€to€the€extent€that€it€is€applicable€to€cases€involving€childÏvictims.€€€Consequently,€we€hold€that€in€cases€where€the€victim€is€aÏchild,€neither€the€fact€of€the€complaint€nor€the€details€of€the€complaintÏto€a€third€party€is€admissible€under€the€fresh„complaint€doctrine.ÌÌÌòòIdóó.€at€395.ÌÌÓÓÌà à€à àDefendantððs€argument,€even€if€not€waived€by€failure€to€object€atÏtrial,€is€misplaced.€€The€evidence€was€not€ð ðfresh€complaintðð€evidence.€€The€trialÏcourt€instructed€the€jury€that€the€testimony€was€admitted€for€the€purposes€ofÏshowing€the€information€available€to€the€nurse€practitioner€for€her€diagnosis€andÏtreatment.€€This€testimony€was€admissible€under€Rule€803(4)€of€the€TennesseeÏRules€of€Evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€McLeodóó,€937€S.W.2d€867,€871€(Tenn.€€1996);ÏòòState€v.€Maurice€Gordonóó,€____€S.W.2d€_____,€No.€01S01„9605„CC„00084,ÏDavidson€County€(Tenn.,€at€Nashville,€Sept.€29,€1997)€(three„year„old€sexÍabuse€victimððs€complaint€of€pain€and€statement€of€who€caused€the€pain€wereÏadmissible€for€the€purpose€of€medical€diagnosis€and€treatment).€€This€issue€isÏwithout€merit.ÌÌà@ àòòConsecutive€sentencingóóÌÌà àà àDefendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€consecutiveÏsentences.€€When€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range€or€the€manner€ofÏservice€of€a€sentence,€this€court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€theÏsentence€with€the€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€courtÏare€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€conditionedÏupon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€theÏsentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,Ï823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€ÌÌà àà àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€mustÏconsider:€€(a)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€the€sentencingÏhearing;€(b)€the€presentence€report;€(c)€the€principles€of€sentencing€andÏarguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÏcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)Ïany€statement€that€the€defendant€made€on€his€own€behalf;€and€(g)€the€potentialÍor€lack€€of€potential€for€€rehabilitation€€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„102,€„103,€and€„210;€òòseeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1987).ÌÌà àà àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutoryÏsentencing€procedure,€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€dueÏconsideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principals€set€out€under€theÏsentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€adequatelyÏsupported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€weÏwould€have€preferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).ÌÌà àà àIn€ordering€consecutive€sentences,€the€trial€court€found€that€theÏDefendant€was€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive,ÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(2),€and€that€Defendant€wasÏconvicted€of€two€(2)€or€more€statutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€aÏminor,€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€However,€the€trial€court€specificallyÏstated€that€it€was€not€primarily€relying€upon€the€record€of€criminal€activity€ofÏDefendant€in€ordering€consecutive€sentencing,€but€was€instead€relying€uponÏfactor€five€(5)€of€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b).€€ÌÌà àà àAccording€to€the€pre„sentence€report€of€Defendant,€he€had€two€(2)Ïprior€convictions,€one€for€robbery€with€a€deadly€weapon,€and€another€convictionÏfor€simple€robbery.€€Both€of€these€offenses€occurred€in€1984.€€In€his€brief,€theÏDefendant€does€not€contest€the€trial€courtððs€finding€that€his€criminal€record€isÏextensive.€€Because€the€Defendant€has€failed€to€cite€authority€to€support€hisÏargument,€this€issue€is€waived.€€Tenn.€Ct.€Crim.€App.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Killebrewóó,Ï760€S.W.2d€228,€231€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòpermóó€òòtoóó€òòappealóó€òòdeniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.Ï1988).€€Instead€the€Defendant€argues:€(a)€that€a€statutory€enhancement€factorÏfound€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„114€was€improperly€appliedÏin€ordering€òòconsecutiveóó€òòsentencingóó,€(b)€the€trial€court€failed€to€consider€mitigatingÏfactors€advanced€by€Defendant€in€ordering€òòconsecutiveóó€òòsentencingóó;€and€(c)€theÏtrial€court€improperly€relied€on€proof€that€Defendant€tested€positive€for€HIV€as€anÏenhancement€factor€to€order€òòconsecutiveóó€òòsentencesóó.ÌÌà àà àThe€primary€factor€which€the€trial€court€relied€upon€in€orderingÏconsecutive€sentencing€was€that€the€defendant€was€ð ðconvicted€of€two€(2)€orÏmore€statutory€offenses€involving€sexual€abuse€of€a€minor€with€consideration€ofÏthe€aggravating€circumstances€arising€from€the€relationship€between€theÏdefendant€and€victim€or€victims,€the€time€span€of€defendantððs€undetected€sexualÏactivity,€€the€nature€and€scope€of€the€sexual€acts€and€the€extent€of€the€residual,Ïphysical€and€mental€damage€to€the€victim€or€victims.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(5).€€Certainly€the€Defendant€was€convicted€of€more€than€twoÏoffenses€of€rape€of€a€child,€and€the€circumstances€were€aggravating.€€TheÏDefendant€used€a€knife€to€force€D.S.€to€submit€to€the€repeated€rapes,€holding€itÏagainst€his€head.€€After€Defendant€stopped€raping€the€victim€and€forced€him€toÏtake€a€shower,€he€implied€that€he€might€kill€the€child€so€that€he€would€not€tellÏabout€the€rapes.€€€€D.S.€was€compelled€to€convince€the€Defendant€that€heÏwould€not€tell,€making€up€a€story€that€his€cousin€had€already€sexually€abusedÏhim.€While€a€portion€of€the€statute€refers€to€the€time€span€of€the€defendantððsÏundetected€sexual€activity,€this€is€inapplicable€to€the€Defendant€in€the€case€òòsubÏjudiceóó.€€The€nature€and€scope€of€the€acts€were€such€that€D.S.€was€abducted,Ïraped€both€anally€and€orally€with€the€Defendantððs€penis€while€he€cried€and€theÏDefendant€held€his€hand€over€his€mouth,€and€the€victim€was€held€at€theÏDefendantððs€apartment€until€the€next€morning.€€ÌÌà àà àThere€was€more€than€sufficient€testimony€of€the€residual,€physicalÏand€mental€damage€to€D.S.€€In€addition€to€his€physical€injuries€from€the€analÏrapes,€his€mother€described€that€D.S.€had€severe€emotional€difficulties€followingÏthe€rape.€€While€D.S.€was€formerly€an€honor€student,€he€failed€the€school€termÏfollowing€the€rapes.€€He€also€became€violent,€fighting€with€other€children€andÏusing€chairs€as€weapons.€€Now€D.S.€is€afraid€of€strangers€and€leery€ofÏeveryone.€€Finally,€the€victim€suffers€from€the€possibility€that€the€HIV€virus€wasÍtransmitted€to€him€from€the€Defendant€during€the€rapes.€€While€consecutiveÏsentences€should€not€be€routinely€imposed,€the€aggregate€amount€of€theÏsentencing€is€reasonably€related€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€involved.€€òòSeeóóÏòòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).€€The€Defendantððs€failureÏto€exhibit€remorse€or€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€for€his€acts€requires€a€lengthyÏperiod€of€incarceration€to€protect€the€public€from€possible€future€misconduct.€€òòIdóó.Ïat€939.ÌÌà àà àWe€therefore€find€that€consecutive€sentencing€as€imposed€by€theÏtrial€court€is€appropriate.ÌÌà àà àWhile€the€Defendant€does€not€state€the€imposition€of€enhancementÏfactors€as€an€issue,€he€argues€in€his€brief€that€he€did€not€know€that€he€was€HIVÏpositive€at€the€time€the€offenses€were€committed.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„521(d)(1).€€The€enhancement€factor€the€Defendant€questions€was€conceded€byÏthe€State€as€inapplicable.€€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„521(d)(1)Ïprovides€that€ð ðthe€court€may€consider€as€an€enhancement€factor€at€the€time€ofÏsentencing€that€the€defendant€has€tested€positive€for€HIV.ðð€€In€addition€to€the€factÏthat€Defendant€was€not€tested€for€HIV€until€the€day€prior€to€the€sentencingÏhearing,€there€is€no€proof€in€the€record€that€the€Defendant€knew€he€was€infectedÏwith€the€HIV€virus€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€However,€this€does€not€preventÍapplication€of€the€fact€of€a€positive€test€for€HIV€in€consideration€of€consecutiveÏsentencing€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b)(5).ÌÌà àà àIn€his€brief,€Defendant€states€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€using,€asÏan€enhancement€factor,€that€ð ðthe€personal€injuries€inflicted€upon€the€victim€wereÏparticularly€great.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6).€€However,€this€particularÏenhancement€factor€was€not€used€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àà àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€enhancement€factors€applicable:ÌÓÓà àà à(a)à0 àThe€offense€involved€the€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratifyÏthe€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).Ìà àà àÌà àà à(b)à0 àThe€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€firearm,€explosiveÏdevice,€or€other€deadly€weapon€during€the€commission€of€theÏoffense.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(9).ÌÌà àà à(c)à0 àThe€felony€was€committed€while€the€defendant€was€onÏparole€from€a€prior€felony€conviction.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(13)(B).€€ÌÌà àà à(d)à0 àThe€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€under€whichÏthe€potential€for€bodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(16).ÌÌà àà à(e)à0 àThe€defendant€had€tested€positive€for€HIV.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„13„521(d)(1).ÌÌÓÓÌà àà àThe€defendant€does€not€challenge€the€applicability€of€the€first€threeÏenhancement€factors,€and€the€record€clearly€shows€that€those€factors€areÏapplicable.€€The€indictment€charging€Defendant€with€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping€alleged,€that€in€commission€of€the€offense,€the€victim€was€thirteenÏ(13)€years€of€age.€€Therefore,€use€of€the€deadly€weapon€was€not€an€essentialÏelement€of€that€offense€as€alleged€in€the€indictment.€€Furthermore,€pleasure€orÏexcitement€is€not€an€essential€element€of€the€offense€of€rape€and€factor€numberÏ(7)€was€therefore€applicable€to€all€of€the€sentences.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,€864ÏS.W.2d€31€(Tenn.€1993).€€Defendant€admitted€during€testimony€at€the€sentencingÏhearing€that€he€was€on€parole€at€the€time€of€the€offenses€for€which€he€wasÏconvicted.€€ÌÌà àà àIn€applying€factor€number€16,€the€trial€court€stated€that€penile„rectalÏpenetration€of€a€young€child€is€certainly€a€thing€that€could€cause€potential€injury.€ÏThe€trial€court€further€noted€that€the€whole€criminal€episode€was€one€whichÏinvolved€risk€for€physical€injury.€€The€trial€court€also€relied€upon€the€potential€forÏHIV€transmission,€and€the€nature€of€the€activity€of€the€offense.€€In€òòState€v.ÏWilliamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€261€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€our€court,€citing€òòState€v.ÏSmithóó,€891€S.W.2d€922,€930€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€held€that€factor€16€shouldÏnot€be€applied€in€cases€of€aggravated€rape€by€bodily€injury€ð ðabsentÏextraordinary€circumstances.ðð€€ÌÌà àà àIn€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€Defendant€was€convicted€of€rape€of€a€child,Ïwhich€did€not€include€bodily€injury€in€the€elements€of€the€crime€charged.€€Three€(3)Ïof€the€convictions€for€rape€of€a€child€involved€rectal€penetration€of€the€victim.€€AsÏdiscussed€above,€the€Defendant€impliedly€made€reference€that€he€would€haveÏto€do€harm€to€or€even€kill€the€victim€instead€of€turning€him€loose.€€Under€theÏcircumstances€of€this€case,€we€feel€that€factor€number€16€was€properly€applied.€€Ìà àà àThe€State€concedes€that€the€enhancement€factor€found€inÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„521(d)(1)€is€not€applicable€in€thisÏparticular€case.€€Defendant€further€argues€that€the€trial€court€did€not€apply€theÏmitigating€factor€found€in€the€especially€aggravated€kidnapping€statute,ÏTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„305(b)(2).€€That€statutory€mitigatingÏfactor€states€ð ð[i]f€the€offender€voluntarily€releases€the€victim€alive€or€voluntarilyÏprovides€information€leading€to€the€victimððs€safe€release,€such€actions€shall€beÏconsidered€by€the€court€as€a€mitigating€factor€at€the€time€of€sentencing.ðð€€TheÏSentencing€Commission€Comments€to€Subsection€(b)€state€that€the€court€isÏrequired€to€consider€the€voluntary€òòsafeóó€òòreleaseóó€of€the€victim€as€a€mitigating€factor.€ÏThis€provision€reflects€the€concern€for€the€safety€of€the€victim.€€If€applicable,€thisÏstatutory€mitigating€factor€would€only€apply€to€the€sentence€for€especiallyÏaggravated€kidnapping.€€During€the€course€of€the€especially€aggravatedÏkidnapping,€the€Defendant€committed€five€(5)€separate€acts€of€rape€of€a€child.€ÍA€deadly€weapon,€a€knife,€was€used€in€the€commission€of€the€offenses.€€TheÏvictim€has€suffered€in€several€ways€following€the€commission€of€the€criminalÏacts,€as€discussed€above.€€Even€if€applicable,€this€mitigating€factor€would€beÏentitled€to€little,€if€any,€weight.ÌÌà àà àFinding€that€four€(4)€enhancement€factors€were€properly€applied,Ïand€that€one€(1)€mitigating€factor,€if€applicable,€would€be€entitled€to€little€weight,Ïwe€approve€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court.€Ìà àà àThe€issues€raised€and€argued€by€Defendant€concerning€hisÏsentencing€are€without€merit.ÌÌà àà àThe€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.ÌÓ  Óà àÌÓÓÌÌà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOSEPH€B.€JONES,€Presiding€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌWILLIAM€M.€BARKER,€Judge