ÿWPCî 뤴ñ¬÷ß>j¥Ðw!âރʯsÔãYWU Þäã¹s0Ô•¹ÊLÚyÙQD]­Å.¯¶ vf >¹“RPrqó¿ùüp+¢ ùørn>(\¬ËñŽ`RÜQ×în‡k² UÑÌÿCÁ«1€ß]V´].ÏN^íOtcizþkO²„6RRÆly} | ¯ ìxhf]±xdœÈiÉÙIYŸÇèˆËyªYE•™Is’âS©’;´ו¿žIÎ%¶žn›ëæ„Y#HO²”ãqªÓ/{ekSYt=k¸úÖ´HLŽÕyºßy£_UH*7«¸ÛÊV?/é'o0ë†(mìÚZâȧE@6VOT<ÊÝÊ·i‡U*f®Š•Å,pf¥µì¢?C“À—ãY;¦àéÃÓp®Gn1ÿ<#t%‡ ;½—~œl¬]LuþÅÊ^9_—å Ýþ‡€“Jõž‰œÖóÕž„bôD~HÙ‚Õ“ ÜÍ9ÅtØnÔ h«Gƒx¼«ŸøKòᑆÄP³Sû¡ÿ… Û„³2İñ 1ïì¾"®¼.ðÕÆ¿©×ï¹ø;ÏåWû6¤ ¾ºÔ¿?%ä;B›\ÁÞhê©”“…%BÛƒÚ±˜{Øb %\^ b 0ˆnU+NöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÁÐ Ù‘ ÆjÆ0ÆöƼ 0D‚NÆU@ÈEÏbáááááááááááááááááááááááááááááááááááá 0ëéééé BÔÔ 0¤ñ D5• D-Ê 0K÷÷ ASBÆ• 0¤[ 0Dÿ A«C»£~?,s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular¹b8,¢Ø+003|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0 ÏÝ ƒRxR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®5ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔWe€recognize€that€if€the€defendant€were€convicted€of€reckless€endangerment€on€both€counts,€the€convictionsÐ ° Ðwould€likely€be€merged€into€one€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€Ô_Ôv.Ô_Ô€Ramseyóó,€903€S.W.2d€709,€713€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)Ð tÄ Ð(finding€only€one€reckless€endangerment€offense€where€the€defendantððs€reckless€conduct€endangered€passengers€in€twoÐ 8ˆ Ðvehicles);€òòState€v.€Christopher€Ô_ÔBengtsonÔ_Ôóó,€No.€Ô_ÔE1999„01190„CCA„R3„CD,€2000€WL€1456926,€at€*4€(Tenn.Ô_Ô€Crim.€App.Ð üL ÐOct.€2,€2000,€at€Knoxville)òòóó€(merging€three€felony€reckless€endangerment€convictions€into€one€conviction€where€theÐ À Ðdefendant€pointed€a€loaded€shotgun€at€three€victims).Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(ÖÃ9 Z‹(Times New Roman   ÅÝ ƒRxR$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®5ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€trial€court€did€not€charge€that€portion€of€the€statute€providing€that€a€person€commits€criminal€attempt€whoÐ ° Ðð ð[Ô_Ôa]ctsÔ_Ô€with€intent€to€cause€a€result€that€is€an€element€of€the€offense,€and€believes€the€conduct€will€cause€the€result€withoutÐ tÄ Ðfurther€conduct€on€the€personððs€part.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann€ðð€39„12„101(a)(2).€€Had€this€portion€of€the€statute€been€charged,Ð 8ˆ Ðthe€evidence€would€also€have€been€sufficient€to€support€attempted€second€degree€murder€under€this€theory€of€liability.- ù-(|G2xR$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®5ò»»Ô d(|3c$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3c$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼»»»ÔÑ8€LÁXXdì»»d8ÑÑ  Ñà@ttìàÔ‡îŒî»¼ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼»îîŒ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  ÓDecember€11,€2001€SessionÐ üL ÐÔ‡XLÁX»¼ÔÌò òÔ#†¼»XXLÁÿ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€HORACE€DEMON€Ô_ÔPULLIAMÔ_ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼Ôó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Davidson€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€98„D„2554€€€€€€Cheryl€Blackburn,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„00417„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€January€23,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant€was€indicted€by€a€Davidson€County€Grand€Jury€on€one€count€of€premeditated€firstÐ xÈ  Ðdegree€murder€and€two€counts€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€Following€a€jury€trial,€the€defendantÐ d´ Ðwas€convicted€of€the€indicted€premeditated€first€degree€murder€count€and€two€counts€of€the€lesser„Ð P  Ðincluded€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€The€defendant€was€sentenced€to€lifeÐ <Œ Ðimprisonment€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€two€11„year€terms€for€the€two€counts€ofÐ (x Ðattempted€second€degree€murder,€with€all€sentences€to€run€consecutively,€for€a€total€effectiveÐ d Ðsentence€of€life€plus€22€years.€€In€this€appeal,€the€defendant€contends€(1)€the€evidence€wasÐ P Ðinsufficient€to€sustain€the€convictions;€(2)€the€trial€court€erroneously€refused€to€charge€recklessÐ ì< Ðendangerment€as€a€lesser„included€offense€of€attempted€first€degree€murder;€and€(3)€the€trial€courtÐ Ø( Ðerroneously€sentenced€the€defendant€to€consecutive€sentences.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,Ð Ä Ðwe€conclude€the€trial€court€erroneously€failed€to€charge€reckless€endangerment€as€a€lesser„includedÐ ° Ðoffense€of€attempted€first€degree€murder€and€remand€for€a€new€trial€on€these€two€counts.€€We€affirmÐ œì Ðthe€conviction€and€life€sentence€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder.€Ð ˆØ ÐÓÀÓÌÔ#†¼»XXLÁ•#ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼Ôò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed€in€Part;Ð `° ÐReversed€in€Part;€RemandedÔ#†¼»XXLÁÜ #ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼Ôó óÐ L œ ÐÓÓÌÓÞ ÓÓ  ÓÔ#†¼»XXLÁ§ #ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼ÔòòJoe€G.€Riley,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.óó€and€òòJohnÐ $"t! ÐEverett€Williams,óó€JJ.,€joined.Ô#†¼»XXLÁ. #ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼ÔÐ #`" ÐÔ#†¼»XXLÁT #ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼Ôà  àÌDavid€A.€Collins,€Nashville,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€Horace€Demon€Ô_ÔPulliamÔ_Ô.Ð è$8 $ ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Renee€W.€TurnerÔ#†¼»XXLÁ« #ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð À&"& ÐVictor€S.€Johnson,€III,€District€Attorney€General;€Ô#†¼»XXLÁ¿#ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼Ôand€Bret€T.€Gunn€and€Kimberly€F.€Cooper,Ð ¬'ü"' ÐAssistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ˜(è#( ÐÓÿ ÓÔ#†¼»XXLÁf#ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼ÔÌò òÓ  ÓÌÌÌÐ 4-„(-ý ÐÔ_ÔOPINIONó óÔ#†¼»XXLÁU#ÔÔ‡XLÁX»¼ÔÐ ° ÐÓxÓÌòòóóÔ#†¼»XXLÁÝ#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XLÁX»¼ÔÌà@¥¥(ìàò òFACTSó óˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àSerena€Stark€testified€that€on€July€5,€1998,€she,€Corey€Manning,€and€Anthony€Middlebrooks,Ð L œ Ðthe€deceased€victim,€were€driving€back€to€Stark's€residence€when€Middlebrooks€requested€they€stopÐ 8 ˆ Ðat€an€apartment€on€Clifton€Avenue.€€They€stopped,€and€Middlebrooks€went€inside€while€Stark€andÐ $ t ÐManning€remained€in€the€vehicle.€€Middlebrooks€returned€very€shortly€and€stated€they€had€to€leaveÐ  ` Ðquickly€because€he€ð ðhad€a€bad€go„around€with€some€guy€that€was€inside,€and€that€we€needed€to€getÐ ü L  Ðout€of€there.ðð€€As€they€drove€away,€Stark€saw€an€African„American€male€hurriedly€get€in€an€earlyÐ è 8  Ð1990's€maroon€Chevrolet€Caprice€Classic.€€Within€approximately€one€minute,€they€stopped€at€a€redÐ Ô$  Ðtraffic€light.€€The€Caprice€pulled€behind€them,€its€door€opened,€and€shots€were€fired.€€Stark€andÐ À  ÐMiddlebrooks€were€hit€by€bullets,€and€the€Caprice€fled€the€scene.€€They€drove€towards€the€hospitalÐ ¬ü  Ðbut€stopped€to€seek€help€from€two€police€officers€parked€at€a€car€wash.€€Stark€further€stated€no€oneÐ ˜è  Ðin€their€vehicle€had€a€weapon.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àCorey€Manning€corroborated€Starkððs€testimony€and€additionally€stated€Middlebrooks,€uponÐ \¬ Ðhis€return€from€the€apartment,€stated€ð ðhe€ran€into€a€guy€that€he€robbed€not€too€long€ago,ðð€and€heÐ H˜ Ðwished€he€had€a€gun.Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àOfficer€Ryan€Garland€testified€he€and€Officer€Shannon€Beck€were€in€their€cruisers€at€a€carÐ  \ Ðwash€parking€lot€on€July€5th€at€approximately€10:30€p.m.€€Garland€saw€Starkððs€car€speed€towardÐ øH Ðthem,€and€a€maroon€Chevy€Caprice€Classic€hurriedly€turn€onto€another€street.€€Stark€and€ManningÐ ä4 Ðexited€their€car,€informed€the€officers€of€the€shooting,€and€described€the€vehicle€which€the€shooterÐ Ð  Ðdrove.€€Officer€Beck€unsuccessfully€attempted€to€chase€the€maroon€Caprice€while€Officer€GarlandÐ ¼  Ðtended€to€Stark€and€Middlebrooks.€€Although€Middlebrooks€initially€had€a€pulse,€he€died€beforeÐ ¨ø Ðarrival€of€the€ambulance.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àAlfonzo€Gregory€testified€he€was€smoking€marijuana€in€the€Clifton€Avenue€apartment€on€theÐ l¼ Ðevening€of€July€5th.€€Middlebrooks€entered,€purchased€cocaine,€and€exited€within€two€minutes.€Ð X ¨ ÐAlthough€Middlebrooks€and€defendant€saw€each€other,€they€did€not€speak.€€He€testified€his€brother,Ð D!” ÐJerome,€gave€the€defendant€his€.44€revolver€after€Middlebrooksðð€departure.€€The€defendant€then€left,Ð 0"€  Ðand€his€vehicle€ð ðspit€gravel€[going]€out€of€the€driveway€.€.€.€.ðð€€Ð #l! ÐÌà  àJerome€Gregory€was€smoking€marijuana€and€ingesting€Valium€in€the€Clifton€AvenueÐ ô$D # Ðapartment€on€the€evening€of€July€5th.€€He€stated€Middlebrooks€entered€the€apartment,€purchasedÐ à%0!$ Ðcocaine,€and€exited.€€He€explained€Middlebrooks€had€previously€robbed€the€defendant,€and€whenÐ Ì&"% ÐMiddlebrooks€left,€the€defendant€requested€the€witnessðð€.44€revolver.€€Gregory€complied€with€theÐ ¸'#& Ðrequest,€and€the€defendant€ð ðjumped€in€his€carðð€and€left.Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà  àAntwan€Nesby€was€also€smoking€marijuana€in€the€Clifton€Avenue€apartment.€€Nesby€statedÐ |*Ì%) Ðthat€Middlebrooks€came€into€the€apartment,€and€when€Middlebrooks€left,€the€defendant€requestedÐ h+¸&* Ðto€see€Jerome€Gregoryððs€.44€revolver.€€Jerome€Gregory€gave€the€defendant€the€revolver,€and€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€left.Ð œì ÐÌà  àDetective€E.J.€Bernard€responded€to€the€shooting.€€Bernard€went€to€the€Clifton€AvenueÐ tÄ Ðapartment€and€recovered€a€partial€box€of€.44€ammunition,€which€was€sent€to€the€crime€laboratory€forÐ `° Ðanalysis.€€He€interviewed€the€persons€in€the€apartment,€and€they€picked€the€defendant€from€a€photoÐ L œ Ðlineup.€€Officers€had€prior€information€concerning€the€defendant,€and€they€searched€for€him€atÐ 8 ˆ Ðseveral€locations.€€At€one€of€the€locations,€they€saw€a€1991€maroon€Caprice€ð ðbacked€into€the€backÐ $ t Ðyard€beside€the€house.ðð€€The€owner€consented€to€a€search€of€the€residence,€but€nothing€relevant€wasÐ  ` Ðrecovered.€€Officers€then€towed€the€Caprice.€€The€defendant€was€located€and€arrested€on€July€7th.€Ð ü L  ÐOfficers€obtained€a€search€warrant€for€the€Caprice,€which€the€defendant€said€was€ð ðhis€car,€but€it€wasÐ è 8  Ðin€his€motherððs€name€so€it€wouldnððt€be€confiscated.ðð€€Nothing€relevant€was€discovered€in€the€vehicleÐ Ô$  Ðsearch.Ð À  ÐÌà  àTerrie€Arnie,€a€firearms€identification€expert,€examined€the€bullet€recovered€fromÐ ˜è  ÐMiddlebrooks€and€opined€he€was€killed€with€a€.44€revolver.€€Arnie€additionally€stated€that€she€testedÐ „Ô  Ða€box€of€.44€cartridges€she€received€from€Det.€Bernard.€€She€stated€the€cartridges€were€consistentÐ pÀ Ðwith€the€bullet€recovered€from€Middlebrooks.Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àPatricia€Drew,€the€defendantððs€aunt,€testified€her€residence€is€located€approximately€20Ð 4„ Ðminutes€from€the€crime€scene.€€She€stated€that€on€July€5th,€the€defendant€came€by€and€used€her€phoneÐ  p Ðat€9:45€p.m.€or€10:45€p.m.€€She€said€he€stayed€at€her€house€for€approximately€15€minutes.Ð  \ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€he€was€ð ðin€and€outðð€of€the€Clifton€Avenue€apartment€several€timesÐ ä4 Ðon€July€5th€because€he€was€trying€to€sell€a€shotgun.€€He€further€stated€he€often€sold€MiddlebrooksÐ Ð  Ðcocaine.€€Although€he€said€Middlebrooks€robbed€him€approximately€four€months€prior,€he€said€heÐ ¼  Ðð ðwasnððt€even€thinking€about€itðð€anymore.€€He€testified€that€when€Middlebrooks€entered€theÐ ¨ø Ðapartment,€he€exited€and€went€to€his€car€to€play€music.€€The€defendant€said€that€after€MiddlebrooksÐ ”ä Ðleft,€he€went€back€into€the€apartment€and€placed€marijuana€in€his€hollowed€out€cigar.€€Then,€he€saidÐ €Ð Ðhis€beeper€activated€indicating€a€customer€required€a€meeting,€and€he€left€approximately€threeÐ l¼ Ðminutes€after€Middlebrooks.€€The€defendant€conceded€he€was€driving€the€1991€Caprice€that€eveningÐ X ¨ Ðbut€denied€any€involvement€in€the€shooting€as€well€as€taking€a€gun€from€Jerome€Gregory.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àAs€stated,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€the€premeditated€first€degree€murder€ofÐ #l! ÐMiddlebrooks€and€two€counts€of€the€lesser„included€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€ofÐ $X" ÐStark€and€Manning.Ð ô$D # ÐÌÌà@  ìàò òI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEó óˆÐ ¸'#& ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€his€convictions.€€WeÐ )à$( Ðdisagree.€Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðò òA.€€Standard€of€Reviewó óÐ ° ÐÌÔ‡XLÁXXXLÁÔà  àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€must€review€theÐ ˆØ Ðrecord€to€determine€if€the€evidence€adduced€during€the€trial€was€sufficient€"to€support€the€findingsÐ tÄ Ðby€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€This€rule€isÐ `° Ðapplicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence€or€aÐ L œ Ðcombination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€òòState€v.€Breweróó,€932€S.W.2d€1,18€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 8 ˆ ÐApp.€1996).Ð $ t ÐÌ€à  à€€This€court€is€required€to€afford€the€state€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÐ ü L  Ðcontained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€fromÐ è 8  Ðthe€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Tuttleóó,€914€S.W.2d€926,€932€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ô#†XLÁXXXLÁK.#ÔÔ‡XLÁXXXLÁÔ€€In€determining€theÐ Ô$  Ðsufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,Ð À  Ð571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€byÐ ¬ü  Ðthe€trier€of€fact€from€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2d€856,Ð ˜è  Ð859€(1956).€€"A€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€theÐ „Ô  Ðwitnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State."€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,Ð pÀ Ð493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€€Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àAlthough€the€evidence€of€defendantððs€guilt€is€circumstantial€in€nature,€circumstantialÐ 4„ Ðevidence€alone€may€be€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€òòState€v.€Tharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€896,€899„900Ð  p Ð(Tenn.€1987);€òòState€v.€Buttreyóó,€756€S.W.2d€718,€721€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988).€€However,€for€thisÐ  \ Ðto€occur,€the€circumstantial€evidence€must€be€consistent€with€guilt€of€the€accused,€inconsistent€withÐ øH Ðinnocence,€and€must€exclude€every€other€reasonable€theory€or€hypothesis€except€that€of€guilt.€Ð ä4 ÐòòTharpeóó,€726€S.W.2d€at€900.€€While€following€the€above€guidelines,€this€court€must€remember€thatÐ Ð  Ðthe€jury€decides€the€weight€to€be€given€to€circumstantial€evidence.€€ð ðThe€inferences€to€be€drawn€fromÐ ¼  Ðsuch€evidence,€and€the€extent€to€which€the€circumstances€are€consistent€with€guilt€and€inconsistentÐ ¨ø Ðwith€innocence€are€questions€.€.€.€for€the€jury.ðð€€òòMarable€v.€Stateóó,€313€S.W.2d€451,€457€(Tenn.Ð ”ä Ð1958)(citation€omitted);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Gregoryóó,€862€S.W.2d€574,€577€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993).€Ð €Ð ÐÔ#†XLÁXXXLÁE2#ÔÔ‡XLÁXXXLÁÔÌÔ#†XLÁXXXLÁ0:#ÔÌò òB.€€Analysisó óÐ D!” ÐÌà  àThe€defendantððs€sufficiency€claim€is€predicated€on€the€issue€of€identity;€namely,€he€contendsÐ #l! Ðthe€state€failed€to€adequately€prove€he€was€the€shooter.€€We€disagree.Ð $X" ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€was€convicted€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€attempted€secondÐ à%0!$ Ðdegree€murder.€€òòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€defines€first€degree€murder€as€ð ð[a]€premeditatedÐ Ì&"% Ðand€intentional€killing€of€another.ðð€€Ô‡XLÁXXXLÁÔPremeditation€necessitates€ð ða€previously€formed€design€or€intentÐ ¸'#& Ðto€kill,ðð€òòState€v.€Westóó,€844€S.W.2d€144,€147€(Tenn.€1992)(citations€omitted),€and€ð ðan€act€done€afterÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€exercise€of€reflection€and€judgment€.€.€.€[meaning]€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formedÐ )à$( Ðprior€to€the€act€itself.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€It€also€requires€that€the€accused€beÐ |*Ì%) Ðð ðsufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€be€capable€of€premeditation.ðð€òòId.óóÐ h+¸&* Їà  àThe€element€of€premeditation€is€a€question€of€fact€to€be€determined€by€the€jury.€€òòState€v.Ð ° ÐSuttlesóó,€30€S.W.3d€252,€261€(Tenn.€2000).€€Although€the€jury€may€not€engage€in€speculation,€it€mayÐ œì Ðinfer€premeditation€from€the€manner€and€circumstances€of€the€killing.€€òòState€v.€Blandóó,€958€S.W.2dÐ ˆØ Ð651,€660€(Tenn.€1997);€òòState€v.€Bordisóó,€905€S.W.2d€214,€222€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€OurÐ tÄ Ðsupreme€court€delineated€several€circumstances€that€may€be€indicative€of€premeditation,€includingÐ `° Ðthe€use€of€a€deadly€weapon€upon€an€unarmed€victim,€the€fact€that€the€killing€was€particularly€cruel,Ð L œ Ðdeclarations€of€the€intent€to€kill€the€victim€by€the€defendant,€the€making€of€preparations€before€theÐ 8 ˆ Ðkilling€for€the€purpose€of€concealing€the€crime,€and€calmness€immediately€after€the€killing.€€òòSeeóóÐ $ t ÐòòBlandóó,€958€S.W.2d€at€660.€€Ô#†XLÁXXXLÁš<#ԀР ` ÐÌà  àTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„210(a)(1)€defines€second€degree€murder€as€ð ð[a]€knowing€killingÐ è 8  Ðof€another.ðð€€Furthermore,€the€Tennessee€Code€provides€in€pertinent€part€as€follows:Ð Ô$  ÐÌÒ°ÒÒ°ÒA€person€commits€criminal€attempt€who,€acting€with€the€kind€of€culpabilityÐ ¬ü  Ðotherwise€required€for€the€offense:Ð ˜è  ÐÌà ` à.€.€.€.Ð pÀ ÐÌà ` à(3)€Acts€with€intent€to€complete€a€course€of€action€or€cause€a€result€that€wouldÐ H˜ Ðconstitute€the€offense,€under€the€circumstances€surrounding€the€conduct€as€the€personÐ 4„ Ðbelieves€them€to€be,€and€the€conduct€constitutes€a€substantial€step€toward€theÐ  p Ðcommission€of€the€offense.Ð  \ ÐÒ°DÒÒ°#DÒ€€Ð øH ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„101(a)(3).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àThere€was€evidence€that€Middlebrooks€had€previously€robbed€the€defendant,€giving€theÐ ¼  Ðdefendant€a€motive€for€revenge.€€Middlebrooks,€upon€exiting€the€apartment,€told€Serena€Stark€andÐ ¨ø ÐCorey€Manning€that€he€saw€ð ða€guy€that€he€robbed€not€too€long€ago€.€.€.€.ðð€€Middlebrooks,€perceivingÐ ”ä Ða€threat€from€the€defendant,€stated€he€wished€he€had€a€gun€with€him,€and€they€needed€to€leaveÐ €Ð Ðquickly.€€Meanwhile,€the€defendant,€upon€Middlebrooksðð€departure,€requested€to€borrow€a€.44Ð l¼ Ðrevolver€from€Jerome€Gregory.€€Gregory€tendered€the€weapon,€and€the€defendant€exited€theÐ X ¨ Ðapartment€and€hastily€left€in€his€car.€Ð D!” ÐÌà  àStark€testified€that€while€they€were€leaving,€she€saw€a€man,€who€matched€the€defendantððsÐ #l! Ðgeneral€description,€hurriedly€exit€the€apartment€and€get€in€a€1990's€maroon€Caprice.€€They€droveÐ $X" Ðapproximately€one€minute€and€stopped€at€a€red€traffic€light.€€The€same€Caprice€she€saw€at€theÐ ô$D # Ðapartment€stopped€directly€behind€her,€and€its€driver€fired€numerous€shots€into€her€vehicle,€strikingÐ à%0!$ ÐStark€and€Middlebrooks.€€The€defendant€admitted€he€drove€a€1991€maroon€Caprice.Ð Ì&"% Їà  àAllowing€the€state€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferencesÐ ° Ðtherefrom,€the€jury€could€rationally€conclude€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€was€theÐ œì Ðperson€who€shot€into€the€vehicle.€€The€jury€could€further€conclude€the€killing€was€intentional€andÐ ˆØ Ðpremeditated.€€A€deadly€weapon€was€used€upon€an€unarmed€victim;€the€weapon€was€procured€to€useÐ tÄ Ðagainst€the€victim;€the€defendant€had€a€motive€to€shoot€the€victim;€and€the€defendant€followed€theÐ `° Ðvictim€until€he€had€an€opportunity€to€shoot€him.€€The€defendant€was€properly€convicted€of€theÐ L œ Ðpremeditated€first€degree€murder€of€Middlebrooks.Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€jury€could€further€conclude€the€defendant€attempted€to€commit€the€second€degreeÐ  ` Ðmurders€of€Stark€and€Manning.€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€juryÐ ü L  Ðcould€reasonably€infer€the€defendant€saw€there€were€three€persons€in€the€car€and€fired€numerousÐ è 8  Ðshots€into€the€car.€€The€defendant€had€followed€them€and€pulled€up€directly€behind€them€at€the€stopÐ Ô$  Ðlight.€€Thus,€the€jury€could€reasonably€infer€the€defendant€attempted€to€murder€not€onlyÐ À  ÐMiddlebrooks,€but€also€the€other€two€occupants€in€the€car.Ð ¬ü  ÐÌà  àAs€to€the€attempted€second€degree€murder€of€Stark,€the€jury€had€yet€another€theory€ofÐ „Ô  Ðcriminal€liability€upon€which€it€could€rely.€€Where€a€defendant€premeditatedly€and€intentionally€triesÐ pÀ Ðto€kill€one€person€and€an€unintended€victim€is€killed,€a€defendant€is€criminally€liable€for€theÐ \¬ Ðpremeditated€first€degree€murder€of€the€unintended€victim.€€òòMillen€v.€Stateóó,€988€S.W.2d€164,€168Ð H˜ Ð(Tenn.€1999).€€We€believe€this€same€theory€of€criminal€liability€can€apply€to€attempted€murder€whereÐ 4„ Ðan€unintended€victim€is€shot€but€not€killed.€€There€was€ample€evidence€for€a€jury€to€conclude€thatÐ  p Ðthe€defendant€was€attempting€to€murder€Middlebrooks€when€Stark€was€shot.€€This€attempted€secondÐ  \ Ðdegree€murder€of€Stark€is€clearly€justified€under€the€òòMillenóó€theory€of€criminal€liability.Ð øH ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€this€issue€lacks€merit.€Ð Ð  ÐÌÌà@  ìàò òII.€€LESSER„INCLUDED€OFFENSESó óˆÐ ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€requested€an€instruction€on€reckless€endangerment€as€a€lesser„included€offenseÐ l¼ Ðof€attempted€first€degree€murder,€which€the€trial€court€denied.€€The€defendant€contends€this€wasÐ X ¨ Ðreversible€error,€and€we€agree.Ð D!” ÐÌò òA.€€òòBurns€Requirementsóóó óÐ #l! ÐÌà  àMisdemeanor€reckless€endangerment€is€committed€when€a€defendant€ð ðrecklessly€engages€inÐ ô$D # Ðconduct€which€places€or€may€place€another€person€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€serious€bodilyÐ à%0!$ Ðinjury.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„103(a).€€Our€supreme€court€has€recently€determined€thatÐ Ì&"% Ðmisdemeanor€reckless€endangerment€is€a€lesser„included€offense€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€Ð ¸'#& ÐòòState€v.€Rushóó,€50€S.W.3d€424,€431€(Tenn.€2001).€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€it€is€also€a€lesser„Ð ¤(ô#' Ðincluded€offense€of€attempted€first€degree€murder.€€However,€our€analysis€does€not€conclude€there.€Ð )à$( ÐAs€stated€by€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€in€òòState€v.€Elyóó,€48€S.W.3d€710,€722€(Tenn.€2001),€weÐ |*Ì%) Ðmust€also€determine€whether€the€charge€is€justified€by€the€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Burnsóó,€6€S.W.3dÐ h+¸&* Ð453,€469€(Tenn.€1999).€€This€requires€that€we€determine€(1)€whether€there€is€evidence€thatÐ ° Ðð ðreasonable€mindsðð€could€accept€to€establish€the€lesser„included€offense,€and€(2)€whether€theÐ œì Ðevidence€is€ð ðlegally€sufficientðð€to€support€a€conviction€for€the€lesser„included€offense.€€òòòòóóId.óó€€TheÐ ˆØ Ðevidence€must€be€viewed€liberally€in€a€light€favoring€the€existence€of€the€lesser„included€offenseÐ tÄ Ðwithout€making€any€judgments€as€to€credibility€of€the€evidence.€€òòId.óó€Ð `° ÐÌò òB.€€Basis€for€Chargeó óÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌà  àThe€state€contends€the€charge€of€misdemeanor€reckless€endangerment€was€properly€rejectedÐ  ` Ðbecause€the€only€factual€dispute€was€that€of€the€perpetratorððs€identity.€€In€support€of€its€position,€theÐ ü L  Ðstate€cites€òòState€v.€Doney€D.€Milesóó,€No.€W2000„02587„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€1078281€(Tenn.Ð è 8  ÐCrim.€App.€Sept.€14,€2001,€at€Jackson),€òòperm.€to€app.€pendingóó.€€As€in€the€instant€case,€theÐ Ô$  ÐòòMilesóódefense€was€that€of€mistaken€identity;€namely,€Miles€did€not€deny€a€crime€had€occurred,€butÐ À  Ðalleged€he€was€not€the€perpetrator.€€òòIdóó.€at€*5.€€Additionally,€it€was€undisputed€that€the€crime€ofÐ ¬ü  Ðaggravated€robbery€was€committed.€€òòId.óó€€It€was€undisputed€the€perpetrator€displayed€a€weapon€andÐ ˜è  Ðstruck€the€victim€in€the€head€with€it€before€taking€the€money.€€òòId.óó€€Accordingly,€we€concluded€theÐ „Ô  Ðtrial€court€properly€rejected€charges€on€the€lesser„included€offenses€of€simple€robbery€and€theft.€€òòId.óó€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àContrary€to€the€stateððs€position,€a€defendantððs€claim€of€mistaken€identity€of€the€perpetratorÐ H˜ Ðdoes€not€necessarily€eliminate€the€need€to€charge€lesser„included€offenses.€€In€òòMilesóó,€we€held€thatÐ 4„ Ðð ðreasonable€minds€could€not€accept€the€evidence€as€establishing€[the€lesser„included€offenses].ðð€òòId.óóÐ  p ÐSuch€is€not€the€situation€in€the€instant€case.€€The€evidence€established€that€Middlebrooks€hadÐ  \ Ðpreviously€robbed€the€defendant,€and€shortly€after€the€defendant€saw€Middlebrooks,€he€obtained€aÐ øH Ðweapon€and€fired€several€shots€into€the€vehicle€in€which€Middlebrooks€was€traveling.€€Viewing€theÐ ä4 Ðevidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€the€jury€reasonably€concluded€the€defendant€wasÐ Ð  Ðguilty€of€the€attempted€second€degree€murders€of€Stark€and€Manning€as€we€have€previouslyÐ ¼  Ðdiscussed.€€However,€viewing€the€evidence€in€a€light€favoring€the€existence€of€the€lesser„includedÐ ¨ø Ðoffense,€as€required€by€òòBurnsóó,€reasonable€minds€could€conclude€the€defendantððs€shooting€atÐ ”ä ÐMiddlebrooks€placed€unintended€victims€Stark€and€Manning€in€imminent€danger€of€death€or€bodilyÐ €Ð Ðinjury.€€This€is€reckless€endangerment.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„103(a).€€However,€the€jury€wasÐ l¼ Ðnot€given€the€chance€to€consider€this€offense.€€Furthermore,€the€evidence€is€legally€sufficient€toÐ X ¨ Ðsupport€such€convictions.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ð D!” ÐÌà  àWe€further€conclude€this€error€was€not€harmless€under€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€977€S.W.2d€101Ð #l! Ð(Tenn.€1998).€€According€to€òòWilliamsóó,€any€error€associated€with€the€trial€court's€failure€to€instructÐ $X" Ðon€a€lesser-included€offense€is€harmless€when€the€jury€finds€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€greatestÐ ô$D # Ðcharged€offense€and€declines€to€convict€the€defendant€on€the€immediately€lesser-included€offense.€Ð à%0!$ ÐòòId.óó€at€106.€€In€the€instant€case,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€the€only€lesser„included€offenseÐ ° Ðcharged,€attempted€second€degree€murder,€and€no€other€lesser„included€offenses€were€charged.òòóó€Ð œì ÐòòWilliamsóódoes€not€apply.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€reverse€the€convictions€for€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€remand€forÐ `° Ða€new€trial€on€the€two€counts€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€€The€defendant€may€not€be€retriedÐ L œ Ðfor€attempted€first€degree€murder€since€he€was€acquitted€on€that€offense.€€òòSeeòòóóóó€òòRushóó,€50€S.W.3d€atÐ 8 ˆ Ð432.Ð $ t ÐÓ  ÓÌÌà@——"ìàò òIII.€€SENTENCINGó óˆÐ è 8  ÐÌÓ  Óà  àThe€defendant€contends€his€consecutive€sentences,€comprising€an€effective€sentence€of€lifeÐ À  Ðimprisonment€plus€22€years,€are€improper.€€Although€our€reversal€of€the€defendantððs€two€convictionsÐ ¬ü  Ðfor€attempted€second€degree€murder€renders€this€issue€moot,€we€shall€address€this€issue€in€the€eventÐ ˜è  Ðof€further€appellate€review.ò òó óÐ „Ô  ÐÌÔ‡XLÁXXXLÁÔà  àThis€courtððs€review€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court€is€òòde€novoóó€with€a€presumptionÐ \¬ Ðof€correctness.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€conditioned€upon€anÐ H˜ Ðaffirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€judge€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ 4„ Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.€€òòState€v.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€543€(Tenn.€1999).Ð  p ÐÓ*°,XXa&Ø'‹X°œX*ÓÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€imposedÐ øH Ða€lawful€sentence€after€giving€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principles€setÐ ä4 Ðout€under€sentencing€law,€and€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€theÐ Ð  Ðrecord,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.€Ð ¼  ÐòòState€v.€Hooperóó,€29€S.W.3d€1,€5€(Tenn.€2000).€€€€Ð ¨ø ÐÔ#†XLÁXXXLÁ•o#ÔÔ‡XLÁXXXLÁÔÌà  àA€court€may€order€sentences€to€run€consecutively€if€the€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€theÐ €Ð Ðevidence€that€ð ð[t]he€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regardÐ l¼ Ðfor€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.ðð€Ð X ¨ ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4).€€Ô#†XLÁXXXLÁt#ÔÔ‡XLÁXXXLÁÔFurthermore,€in€the€event€the€trial€court€finds€defendant€is€aÐ D!” Ðð ðdangerous€offender,ðð€it€must€also€determine€whether€the€consecutive€sentences€(1)€are€reasonablyÐ 0"€  Ðrelated€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed,€and€(2)€serve€to€protect€the€public€from€furtherÐ #l! Ðcriminal€conduct€by€the€offender.€€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€939€(Tenn.€1995).ò òó óÐ $X" ÐÌà  àAt€the€sentencing€hearing€the€state€presented€testimony€of€a€corrections€officer€of€theÐ à%0!$ ÐCriminal€Justice€Center€where€the€defendant€was€housed€pending€his€trial.€€She€testified€that€a€weekÐ Ì&"% Ðbefore€the€defendantððs€trial,€the€defendant,€without€provocation,€brutally€attacked€a€fellow€inmateÐ ¸'#& Ðand€ð ðbanged€his€head€up€against€the€wall.ðð€€She€stated€the€inmateððs€ð ðhead€was€flatðð€when€they€gotÐ ¤(ô#' Ðto€him.€€The€inmate€has€since€suffered€seizures€and€€had€two€strokes.€€There€was€no€further€testimonyÐ )à$( Ðconcerning€the€incident.ò òó óÐ |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àThe€defendant€contends€the€testimony€of€his€alleged€assault€upon€a€fellow€inmate€shortlyÐ ° Ðbefore€trial€was€ð ðirrelevantðð€to€the€consecutive€sentencing€issue.€€He€contends€the€trial€court€erredÐ œì Ðin€relying€upon€it€since€the€defendant€had€not€yet€pled€guilty€or€been€found€guilty€relating€to€thisÐ ˆØ Ðincident.€€We€reject€this€argument.€€Consecutive€sentencing€is€authorized€if€the€court€finds€ð ðòòby€aÐ tÄ Ðpreponderance€of€the€evidenceóóðð€that€the€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender.€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„Ð `° Ð35„115(b)(4)€(emphasis€added).€€A€trial€court€is€not€prohibited€from€considering€prior€criminalÐ L œ Ðbehavior€for€sentencing€purposes€even€though€there€has€been€no€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Caricoóó,€968Ð 8 ˆ ÐS.W.2d€280,€287„88€(Tenn.€1998)€(holding€prior€sexual€misconduct,€for€which€there€has€been€noÐ $ t Ðprior€conviction,€was€properly€considered€as€an€enhancement€factor€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð  ` Ð114(1));€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Winfieldóó,€23€S.W.3d€279,€283€(Tenn.€2000)€(holding€the€court€may€applyÐ ü L  Ðan€enhancement€factor€based€upon€facts€underlying€an€incident€for€which€the€defendant€wasÐ è 8  Ðacquitted;€provided,€it€is€shown€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence).€€We€see€no€impediment€to€theÐ Ô$  Ðtrial€courtððs€relying€upon€this€brutal€assault€in€considering€whether€the€defendant€is€a€dangerousÐ À  Ðoffender€for€purposes€of€consecutive€sentencing.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Palmeróó,€10€S.W.3d€638,€648„49€(Tenn.Ð ¬ü  ÐCrim.€App.€1999)€(noting€the€trial€court€is€not€limited€to€the€instant€offenses,€but€may€consider€theÐ ˜è  Ðdefendantððs€prior€criminal€record,€in€determining€whether€the€defendant€qualifies€for€consecutiveÐ „Ô  Ðsentencing€based€upon€the€extensive€record€of€criminal€activity€and€dangerous€offender€categories).Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€concluded€the€defendant€was€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicatesÐ H˜ Ðlittle€or€no€regard€for€human€life,€and€he€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€theÐ 4„ Ðrisk€to€human€life€was€high.€€The€trial€court€specifically€noted€(1)€he€shot€at€the€vehicle€at€anÐ  p Ðintersection€near€other€individuals;€€(2)€he€had€prior€drug€and€weapons€convictions;€and€(3)€heÐ  \ Ðbrutally€beat€an€inmate€to€the€point€he€ð ðflatten[ed]ðð€his€head.€€Furthermore,€the€trial€court€expresslyÐ øH Ðfound€the€aggregate€term€of€the€sentences€reasonably€related€to€the€seriousness€of€the€offenses,€andÐ ä4 Ðconsecutive€sentencing€was€necessary€to€protect€the€public.€€The€trial€court€followed€the€statutoryÐ Ð  Ðrequirements,€gave€proper€consideration€to€the€principles€of€sentencing,€and€its€findings€are€clearlyÐ ¼  Ðsupported€by€the€record.€€Accordingly,€we€are€not€at€liberty€to€disturb€the€trial€courtððs€ruling.€€òòSeeóóÐ ¨ø ÐòòHooperóó,€29€S.W.3d€at€5.€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ð l¼ ÐÌÌà@FF%ìàò òCONCLUSIONó óˆÐ 0"€  ÐÌà  àWe€affirm€the€conviction€and€life€sentence€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder€and€reverseÐ $X" Ðthe€convictions€for€attempted€second€degree€murder.Ô#†XLÁXXXLÁôu#Ô€€This€case€is€remanded€for€a€new€trial€on€theÐ ô$D # Ðtwo€charges€of€attempted€second€degree€murder.€Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð ¤(ô#' Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGE