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B*=0 D/g0 D+0 00 D/E2 0t2 06B3 0x3 0:4 0^4 0<5 1eT5U65UT>5U*-6 W6 0q6 0c7 &q7 7 7 1u7 72*8 B\8 y8 &8 88 II JO +P =P OP ReP PP Q Q+Q SS RSb.T:6T pT^^^c\\IB01S02\CLERKJAC,,,,0(@ Z6Times New Roman RegularX($USUS.,("  Z6Times New Roman Regularzc/ y.CCA103|xU   ' AOCUSER0AOCUSER .   *+ (_2623  ..*G+M (_25   /%` ` hp x /23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *D+M (_24   ," hp x ,23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *A+M (_23  ` ) hp x )23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *>+M (_22   &hhp x &23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *;+M (_21   #p x #23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5   R˂$USUS.,    1  ]XX  _MichaelMyersisafictionalcharacterfirstappearinginthehorrormovieHalloween.(#$  0   R˂$USUS.,    2  ]XX  _JasonisafictionalcharacterinaseriesofhorrormoviesentitledFridaythe13th.*8+M (_20  h  p x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *5+M (_19   pp x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  *2+M (_18    x 23  ..  5+ ` hp x 5  * (_1723  Ԁ*GM (_16   /%` ` hp x /23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *DM (_15   ," hp x ,23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *AM (_14  ` ) hp x )23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *>M (_13   &hhp x &23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *;M (_12   #p x #23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *8M (_11  h  p x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  *5M (_10   pp x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  (2M &_9    x 23  Ԁ  5+ ` hp x 5  ( &_823  (GM &_7   /%` ` hp x /23   5+ ` hp x 5  (DM &_6   ," hp x ,23   5+ ` hp x 5  (AM &_5  ` ) hp x )23   5+ ` hp x 5  (>M &_4   &hhp x &23   5+ ` hp x 5  (;M &_3   #p x #23   5+ ` hp x 5  (8M &_2  h  p x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  (5M &_1   pp x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  &2M $_    x 23   5+ ` hp x 5  0.Normal<:Definition T<AA:Definition L , 5+ ` hp x 5  5+ ` hp x 586Definition(''&H1      (&H2  (&H3  (&H4 XXX (&H5  (&H6  20Address8MM6Blockquote , , 5+ ` hp x 5   5+ ` hp x 5,*CITE,dl*CODEKN<6X9`(Courier NewKSO\  `&Times New RomanS42Emphasis64Hyperlink    <:FollowedHype    4go2Keyboard KN<6X9`(Courier NewKSO\  `&Times New RomanS <:Preformatted/%  ,Kk %#/KN<6X9`(Courier NewKSO\  `&Times New RomanS/%  ,Kk %#/<:zBottom of 7C(X7  ?P%2A`Arial?  SO\  `&Times New RomanS7D(X7&  d dB)1dxd'dxd<:zTop of For7F(X7  ?P%2A`Arial?  SO\  `&Times New RomanS7D(X7B)2dxd0KS.SampleKN<6X9`(Courier NewKSO\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterKN<6X9`(Courier NewKSO\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB   !" 35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`ArialSearchTerm(.G2˂$ !USUS.,      0  ]XX(;3$2#  0  .3  0  SP;a83b000018c76IN;3SDU_63#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)Wi) dSDU_2SP;4b24000003ba5IN;4  R˂$USUS.,    3  ]XX  _ThereasonablenessstandardofappellatereviewisusedbytheFifthCircuittoreviewajurysrejectionof    theinsanitydefenseunderthefederalinsanitystatute.SeeUnitedStatesv.Barton,992F.2d66,6869(5thCir.1993). q InBarton,theFifthCircuitCourtofAppealsheldthat: 2 SW S M !"(03WO]]8  Normally, [_i]n_Ԁreviewingamotionforjudgmentofacquittal,weconsidertheevidenceasawhole W takeninthelightmostfavorabletothegovernment,togetherwithalllegitimateinferencestobedrawn  therefromtodeterminewhetherarationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundguiltbeyondareasonable   doubt.#]O]#O]]UnitedStatesv.Turner,#]O]#O]]Ԁ960F.2d461,465(5th% ^ #]O]#%^IO]]Cir.1992)(citationsandfootnoteomitted); J  #]O]#O]]seeUnitedStatesv.Sanchez,#]O]#O]]Ԁ961F.2d1169,1173(5thCir.),#]O]#O]]cert.denied,#]O]#O]]Ԁ506U.S.918,113S.Ct.  [ 330,121L.Ed.2d248(1992);#]O]B#O]]UnitedStatesv.Newman,#]O]#O]]Ԁ889F.2d88,92(6thCir.1989),#]O]=#O]]cert.denied,#]O]#O]]    495U.S.959,110S.Ct.2566,109L.Ed.2d748(1990).Here,ourreviewisdifferentbecause    insanityisanaffirmativedefenseforwhichthedefendant,notthegovernment,bearstheburdenof N   proofattrialbyclearandconvincingevidence.18U.S.C.#]O]#O]]#]O]z #O]]17(1988).Accordingly,weshouldreject _  thejuryverdictinthisrespectonlyifnoreasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthe   defendant'scriminalinsanityatthetimeoftheoffensewasestablishedby#]O] #% ` O]]Ԁ%` #]O] #O]]clearandconvincing   evidence.OX?XO]R    #X?XXOX?i ##]XX?ĺ #Barton,992F.2dat6869.X?X]OX?XXX?Ԁ#O]XOX?` #AsexplainedinFlakeI,88S.W.3dat55253,thereasonablenessstandardhasbeenadopted   bysomestatecourts,includingGeorgiaandLouisiana.See,_eg_.,Fussv.State,519S.E.2d446,448(Ga.1999);State  v._Silman_,663So.2d27,32(La.1995);Statev.Prince,688So.2d643,649(La.Ct.App.1997).InadditiontotheFifth L Circuit,theUnitedStatesCourtofAppealsfortheArmedForceshasalsoadoptedthereasonablenessstandardwhen  ] evaluatingajurysrejectionoftheinsanitydefense.UnitedStatesv.Martin,56M.J.97,106(C.A.A.F.2001).  #]O] #SDU_15  R˂$USUS.,    4  ]XX  _JusticeE.RileyAndersonandJustice_Adolpho_ԀA.Birch,Jr.,concurredinthemajoritysholdingthatajury    verdictrejectingtheinsanitydefenseshouldbereversedonlyiftheappellatecourt,viewingtheevidenceinalightmost q favorabletotheprosecution,concludesthatnoreasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthedefendants 2 insanityatthetimeoftheoffensewasestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidence.FlakeI,88S.W.3dat557 C (Anderson,J.,concurringanddissenting,inwhichBirch,J.,joined).However,bothjusticesdisagreedwiththe  majoritysapplicationofthestandardtothefactsandcircumstancesofthecase inwhichvirtuallyallofthelayand u experttestimonyestablishedthedefendantsinsanityatthetimeoftheoffense.Id.(emphasisinoriginal). Inmyview, 6  theCourtofCriminalAppealscorrectlydeterminedthatnoreasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthe  G defendantsinsanityatthetimeoftheoffensewasestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidence.Ithereforedissent.   Id.at560(Anderson,J.,concurringanddissenting,inwhichBirch,J.,joined).citeas((Cite as: 992 F.2d 66, *69)SDU_54SDU_55StarPageciteas((Cite as: 88 S.W.3d 540, *556 )citeas((Cite as: 88 S.W.3d 540, *556)SDU_56SDU_57  R˂$USUS.,    5  ]XX  _Again,asinFlakeI,JusticeAndersonandJusticeBirchdissentedfromthemajorityopinionandfiled    separatedissentingopinionsbecause noreasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthedefendantsinsanity q atthetimeoftheoffensewasestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidence.FlakeII,__S.W.3dat__,2003WL 2  21788920,at*29(Anderson,J.,dissenting,inwhichBirch,J.,joined).SDU_58  citeas((Cite as: 88 S.W.3d 540, *557 )- - 0#Xd# l  R˂$USUS.,    6  ]XX  _Thetrialjudgerecitedtothejurythefollowinginstructions:    8  Thelawwhichappliestothiscaseisstatedinthischargeanditisyourdutytocarefullyconsiderall 2 oftheinstructionsinarrivingatyourdecision....Thedefendantcannotbeconvictedofanycriminal C offenseunlesstheStatehasprovenbeyondareasonabledoubtalloftheelementsofthecrimecharged  andthatitwascommittedbeforethefindingandreturningoftheindictmentinthiscase....Foryou u tofindthedefendantguiltyof[firstdegreemurder],theStatemusthaveprovenbeyondareasonable 6  doubttheexistenceofthefollowingessentialelements:(1)thatthedefendantunlawfullykilled[the  G victim];(2)thatthedefendantactedintentionally;and(3)thatthekillingwaspremeditated....   [_S]hould_Ԁyoureturnaverdictofguilty[offirstdegreemurder],thecourtwillimposealifesentence. y   ...:     8  Thedefendanthastheburdenofprovingthedefenseofinsanitybyclearandconvincingevidence.   Foryoutoreturnaverdictofnotguiltybyreasonofinsanity,thedefendantmustprovebothofthe }  following:(1)thathehadaseverementaldiseaseordefectatthetimethattheactsconstitutingthe >  crimewerecommitted;and(2)thatasaresultofthisseverementaldiseaseordefect,hewasnotable O  tounderstandwhathewasdoing,ortounderstandthatwhathewasdoingwaswrong....Averdict   ofnotguiltybyreasonofinsanityshallresultintheautomaticdetentionofthedefendantinamental   hospitalortreatmentcenter,pendingfurthermedicalandlegalfindings....B    Wemustpresumethatthejuryinthiscasefollowedtheinstructionsgiventoitbythetrialjudge.Accordingly,we  presumethatthejuryfoundthattheStateprovedbeyondareasonabledoubtthattheDefendantunlawfullykilledhisaunt  andthatheactedintentionallyandwithpremeditation.WealsopresumethatthejuryfoundthattheDefendantdidnot F provetheaffirmativedefenseofinsanitybyclearandconvincingevidence. W 8    R˂$USUS.,    7  ]XX  _O]]Thefollowingevidenceintherecordsupportstheconvictionoffirstdegreemurder:(1)theDefendant    admittedfourtimesinthe911callthathekilledhisauntbystabbingher;(2)theDefendantstabbedhisauntmultiple q times,causinghertobleedtodeath;(3)sheriffsdeputiesfoundtheDefendantatthecrimescenewearingbloody 2 coverallsandbloodyboots;(4)deputiesfoundabloodybootprintonthekitchenfloorand bloodsmudgesonthe C telephone;(5)theDefendantdressedupasfictionalserialkillersseveraltimespriortothemurder;(6)theDefendant  wasinfatuatedwiththehorrormovie,Halloween,andemulatedthecharacterMichaelMyerswhenhekilledhisaunt u bystabbingherwithabutcherknifeandwearingamaskashestabbedher;and(7)theDefendantexpressedaninterest 6  inkillingpeoplewithaknifeinthepast.#]O]#   !USUS.,  _XƗXXXdXXƗ  jOYmrOaINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @@%ATJACKSON#XƗXd\#IXXƗ #  @  @` RemandedDecember23,2002 F #XƗXI;# IXXƗSTATEOFTENNESSEEv.LUISANTHONYRAMON#XƗXI#  ? @@ DirectAppealfromtheCircuitCourtforHenryCounty  9 @@No.12937JulianP._Guinn_,Judge  #  #X?XXXƗ=#XƗXXX?@@ @@*AY) ` dE< ` A    @@TTNo.W200203084CCARMCDFiledOctober29,_2003_Ԁ   AY) ` dE<s` A t     TheHenryCountyGrandJuryindictedthefifteenyearoldDefendantforfirstdegreemurderfor l  thestabbingdeathofhisaunt#X?XXXƗW#XƗXXX?.TheDefendantwastriedasanadultandconvictedofthecharged U  offense,afterajuryrejectedhisinsanitydefense.ThetrialcourtsentencedtheDefendanttolife > imprisonment.TheDefendantappealed,arguingthathisinsanitydefensewasestablishedbyclear 'w andconvincingevidence.InanopinionfiledAugust9,2002,amajorityofthisCourtreversedthe ` judgmentofconviction,modifiedthejudgmentto NotGuiltybyReasonofInsanity,and I remandedthecaseforfurtherproceedingspursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection337303. 2 Statev.Ramon,No.W200100389CCAR3CD,2002WL1841608,at*1(Tenn._Crim_.App.Aug.  9,2002).TheStatefiledanapplicationforpermissiontoappealwiththeTennesseeSupremeCourt  pursuanttoRule11(a)oftheTennesseeRulesofAppellateProcedure.OnDecember23,2002,the  TennesseeSupremeCourtgrantedtheStatesapplicationforthepurposeofremandingthecaseto  thisCourtforreconsiderationinlightofStatev.Flake,88S.W.3d540(Tenn.2002).Onremand, o wefindthatarationaljurycouldhavefoundthattheDefendantfailedtoestablishbyclearand X convincingevidencethat,asaresultofaseverementalillnessordefect,theDefendantwasunable A toappreciatethewrongfulnessofhisactofstabbinghisaunttodeathsoastoentitlehimtothe *z insanitydefense.Accordingly,weaffirmtheDefendantsconvictionforfirstdegreemurderand c hissentenceoflifeimprisonment. L  OnRemandfromtheTennesseeSupremeCourt;JudgmentoftheCircuitCourtAffirmed  !!   RobertW._Wedemeyer_,J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichGaryR.Wade,_P.J._,and ## JosephM._Tipton_,J.,#X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX?Ԁjoined. $$ W.Jeffery_Fagan_,AssistantDistrictPublicDefender,Camden,Tennessee,fortheAppellant,Luis \&!& AnthonyRamon. E'"' PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneralandReporter;MichaelE.Moore,SolicitorGeneral;J.Ross )g$) Dyer,AssistantAttorneyGeneral;G.Robert_Radford_,DistrictAttorneyGeneral;andStevenL. *P%* _Garrett_,AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheAppellee,StateofTennessee. *9&+ c #X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX? -(. m m8?XXdd8l m  _ OPINION     @& I.Facts     OnNovember2,1999,theHenryCountyGrandJuryreturnedaonecountindictment V chargingtheDefendantwithfirstdegreemurderforthestabbingdeathofhisaunt.Thecasewas ?  triedbyjuryintheCircuitCourtforHenryCountyonApril19,2000.Wesummarizedthe ( x underlyingfactsoftheDefendantscaseondirectappealasfollows:  a 8   ` RichardAllenLevesquetestifiedthatonMarch11,1999,hewasemployed  3  asa911dispatcherwiththeParisPoliceDepartment.Levesquestatedthatat    approximately2:50p.m.onthatdate,heanswereda911callfrom195HillRoadin   HenryCounty.AccordingtoLevesque,amalesubjectonthelinestatedthathehad   justkilledhisaunt.ThesubjectidentifiedhimselfasLuisAnthonyRamon.   Levesquetestifiedthatatapewasmadeofhisinitialconversationwiththe p  Defendant,aswellashissubsequentconversationwiththeHenryCountySheriffs Y  dispatcher.Thetapewasenteredintoevidenceasanexhibitandplayedforthejury. B Thefollowingcontentwasheardinopencourt:+{   8  8`   Dispatcher:911,whatisyouremergency?M` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Ijuststabbedmyaunt.6` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Pardonme?` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Ijuststabbedmyaunt.Sheisbleeding.` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Youjuststabbedher?` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Yes,Idid.` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Okay,whatisyourname?s` x` x 8  8`   Caller:LuisAnthonyRamon.\` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:LuisAnthonyRamon?E` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Yes..~` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Okay,Illneedtotransferyoutothesheriffsoffice.But g first,doyoufeelanypulse? P` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Ithinkshedied,becausetheresbloodallovertheplace. 9` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Okay,gocheckandcomebacktome,okay?!" ` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Yes." !` x` x 8  8`   (Anotherdialingheardandsheriffsofficeanswering.)#"` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Thisgentlemanisgoingtobecomingbackontheline, $# LuisRamon,andImnotsurewhathislastnameis.Hesaidhejust v% $ stabbedandkilledhis..._&!%` x` x 8  8`   (Callerheardcomingbackonline.)H'"&` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Okay,whatisyourlastnameagain,Luis?1(#'` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Ramon.)j$(` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Ramon.Okay,Imgoingtodispatchanambulancetothe *S%) 195HillRoad.*<&*` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Yes.+%'+` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Okay,thesheriffsofficeisonthelinenow.` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Alright.` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Goaheadandtellthem.` x` x 8  8`   Sheriffsoffice:Yes,sir.k` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Ijustkilledmyaunt,Ithink.Istabbedherwithabutcher T knife.= ` x` x 8  8`   Sheriffsoffice:Okay.& v` x` x 8  8`   Caller:What? _` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Shestalkingtotheofficersnow.Weregettingan  H ambulanceunderwaytoo. 1 ` x` x 8  8`   Caller:Canyoutellmehowtostopherbleeding?  ` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Whereisshebleedingfrom? ` x` x 8  8`   Caller:(Noresponse.) ` x` x 8  8`   Sheriffsoffice:Sir? ` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Iwasgoingtotellhimhowtocontrolthebleeding.n ` x` x 8  8`   Sheriffsoffice:Okay,wheredidhestabherat?W ` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:ThatswhatImtryingtofindout.Hestabbedherwith @ abutcherknife.Hethinksshesdead.)y` x` x 8  8`   Sheriffsoffice:Dowhat?b` x` x 8  8`   Dispatcher:Hesaidhethoughtshewasdead,butshesbleedingall K over.4` x` x 8  8`   Sheriffsoffice:Sendambulanceto195HillRoad.` x` x 8   ` WilliamGaryVandiver,aninvestigatorwiththeHenryCountySheriffs  Office,testifiedthatheinvestigatedthestabbingdeathofthevictim.Accordingto  Vandiver,hearrivedonthesceneatapproximately2:50p.m.onMarch11,1999. q Vandivergavethefollowingtestimonyregardinghisarrivalatthecrimescene:Z   8  8`    Irespondedtothesceneafterhearingtheradiodispatcher, ,| frommyoffice.Iarrivedonthescenejustsecondsbehindthepatrol e officer.Thepatrolofficerwasgoinginsidetheresidence,beinga N doublewidemobilehome.AsIenteredthefrontdoor,onlyasecond  7 ortwobehind,SergeantRodFreyandDeputyTerryTyler,Iheard !   DeputyTylerspeaking,andthesubjectidentifiedasLuisAnthony " ! Ramon.Mr.Ramonwasdressedinabrowncoverall.Thecoveralls #" hadbloodonthem.Hewaswearingboots.AsIwalkedin,Iheard $# Mr.RamonindicatingtoDeputyTyler, Shesoverbythewasher. t% $ And,withinasecondorso,withSergeantFrey,hesaid, Ifound ]&!% her.SergeantFreydirectedmebacktoautilityroom,whichisthe F'"& washeranddryer,utilityroomofthetrailer,whichleadsrighttothe /(#' reardoor.Ifound,thereIfoundthebodyof[thevictim],lyingonthe )h$( leftsideinafetalposition,fromthewasheranddryer.Sheappeared *Q%) tohavebeenstabbedmorethanonce,fromwhatIobservedatthat *:&* time.Largeamountofbloodonthefloor,ah,bloodsplattersupthe +#'+ threeorfourfeetonthewall,andalargeamountofbloodupand  aroundher,onherandthewasheranddryer.Also,lyingonthedryer  wasablade,eightinchbladefromabutcherknife,lyinginsidea  handle.Thehandlehadbeenbrokenfromtheknife.k` x` x 8  8`    AfterImadetheseinitialobservations,theemergency =  personnelwentintomakesurethevictimwasdeceased.Iwentout & v andadvisedDeputyTylertotake[theDefendant]fromthetrailer.I  _ wentoutandasked[theDefendant],then,whohewas.Heresponded  H andgavemehisname.Iaskedhimhowoldhewas,whichhetold  1  mehewas15.Iaskedhimwhohismotherwas,andhegavemethe    nameofDonnaRamon.Iaskedhimwherehismotherwas.Atthis   timehetoldme, ShesatmygrandmothersfuneralinSmyrna.At   thistimeItookphotosof[theDefendant]andcollectedfromhim,ah,   tookcoverallsandbootsfromhimatthistimeasevidence.And[the n  Defendant]wastransportedtotheHenryCountySheriffs W  Department.@` x` x 8  8`    Onfurtherinvestigationonthescene,Ifound,inthecounter b andkitchenarea,awhitehockeymask;alsofoundabloodyboot K printonthelivingroomfloor.Ah,correction,onthekitchenfloor, 4 leadingfromthelivingroom.` x` x 8   ` Vandiveralsoidentifiedaphotographofthehousewherethevictimwas  foundandtestifiedthatthehomewastheresidenceoftheDefendantandhismother,  DonnaRamon.Vandiverstatedthatahockeymaskwasfoundnearthetelephone q andthattherewere bloodsmudgesonthetelephone.Z   Ѐ8   ` Vandivertestifiedthatthroughhisinvestigationofthiscaseandaftertalking ,| todifferentpeople,hedeterminedthattheDefendanthadbeenactingasifhewas e MichaelMyers #  1      ׀for sixmonthsorso.Vandiverstatedthat accordingtothe N familymembers,...[theDefendant]wouldbewearinghiscoverallsorarain,  7 ponchorainsuit.Hewouldstandoutinthefrontyardwearingit,andaroundthe !   residence,wearing...theattire,andattimes,thehockeymask.Vandiverfurther " ! testifiedthatinmanyofthe Jasonmovies,Q #  2      ׀thecharacter,Jason,isstandingoutin #" therainandlookingintheresidence.Vandivertestifiedthatfamilymembers $# informedhimthat[theDefendant]would bestandingclosetotheresidence,around t% $ thewindow,atnight,wearingahockeymask.Sometimeshedbeholdinga ]&!% flashlightunderthehockeymask.VandivertestifiedthathespoketoPatAtchinson F'"& fromtheHenryCountySchoolSystemregardingtheDefendant.Vandiverrecalled /(#' thatAtchinsonstatedthattheDefendanthadbeenhearingvoices.Vandiveralso  testifiedthatthevictimlivedwithherfatherinaplacelocatedaboutonehundred  feetbehindtheDefendantsresidence.   8   ` Dr.CynthiaGardner,aforensicpathologistattheUniversityofTennessee T atMemphis,conductedanautopsyonthevictimanddeterminedthatthecauseof =  deathwasmultipleknifestabwounds.AccordingtoGardner,thevictimsustained & v a3.2inchdeepstabwoundintherightchest,a5.4inchdeepstabwoundintheleft  _ armpitpenetratingtwochambersoftheheartandtheliver,anda7.1inchdeepstab  H woundintherightshoulderpenetratingalungandtheliver.Gardneralsonoteda  1  bruiseandalinearabrasiononthevictimsforehead,alinearincisedwoundbelow    thevictimsnose,alinearincisedwoundontherightthumb,andabruiseonthe   righteyebrow.Gardnertestifiedthatthelinearwoundsweredefensivewounds.   Gardnerestimatedthatthevictimwouldhavelivedonlyminutesafterreceivingthe   stabwounds.n    8   ` ThetrialcourtorderedtheDefendantsadmissiontoWesternMentalHealth @ Institutiontodeterminehiscompetencytostandtrial,hisstateofmindatthetime )y ofthecrime,andhiscommitability.Dr.AnnQuinnPhyfer,apsychologistatthe b WesternMentalHealthInstitution,testifiedforthedefense.Dr.Phyfertestifiedthat K shemettheDefendantwhenhewasadmittedtotheinstitutiononMarch11or12, 4 1999.PhyferstatedthatthefirsttimeshemetwiththeDefendant,shewasa  memberofatreatmentteamwhichincludedapsychiatrist,apsychologist,a  registerednurse,asocialworkerandanactivitytherapist.Astheresultofthe  evaluation,theDefendantwasdiagnosedwithcatatonicschizophrenia,whichPhyfer  statedrefersto somekindofbizarremovement.Sheexplainedthatthisfrequently q meansthatapersonwillassumeabizarrepostureandmaintainitorthattheywill Z movearoundina senselessway.Phyferstated, Theessentialcomponentof C beingcatatonicistohavepurposelessmovement,andshereportedthatinthe ,| Defendantscase,hewouldbecomeimmobile.e   8   ` PhyfertestifiedthattheDefendantwaslaterdiagnosedwithparanoid  7 schizophrenia.Phyferexplainedthatschizophreniais characterizedbyapositive !   andnegativesymptom.Positivesymptomsarehallucinationsand/ordelusions. " ! AccordingtoPhyfer,theDefendantsufferedfromdelusionswhichPhyferdefined #" as beliefsthathavenobasisinreality,butwhichareneverthelessheldrigidlybythe $# person.Phyferalsostatedthatpersonssufferingfromdelusions respondtothe t% $ delusionalfalsebeliefanddonthaveanycontact,ormuchcontact,withreality. ]&!% PhyferspecifiedthattheDefendantsufferedfromparanoiddelusionsthat therewas F'"& agroupofpeoplewhoweregoingtokillhim,andhewaspowerlessagainstthis /(#' groupofpeople.PhyferfurthertestifiedthattheDefendant thoughtthathewas )h$( goingtobekilledunlesshecouldsomehowprotecthimself.*Q%)   Ѐ   ` PhyferelaboratedontheDefendantsdelusionsasfollows: +#'+ Ї8  8`    Hecametotheconclusion,andthisisapparentlyoveralong  time,becausehehaddelusionsaboutkillingotherpeoplethatdate  backintherecordsto1997.But,andhewatchedthemovie  Halloweensome30times.Hecametobelievethatifhecould k becomethecharacterofJason,orMichaelMyers,andwearamask T andcarryaknife,thathecouldhimselfbecomeamurderer.Andif =  hecouldbecomethatmurderer,hecouldprotecthimselfagainstthis & v group.Andthatwastheonlywaythathecouldprotecthimself.And  _ whenheworethemask,andIbelievetheoverallsthatheputonthe  H symbolsthatrepresentedtohimtheabilitytoprotecthimselfand  1  becomeasbadashispersecutors.Thathewouldbecomeamurderer    inordertoprotecthimself,andthatwastheonlywayhecouldsee   thathecouldprotecthimself.Hewas,backin97,havingthe   thoughtsthathewouldthisisaccordingtothemedicalrecord,he   hadthoughtsofkillingtwoteachersandaprincipal.Andhestated n  thathedalsokillwhoeverelsecameintothebathroomatschool.He W  plannedtocarryaknife,becausehefelthecouldntconcealagun. @ Buthehadthatplanned.Healsoplannedtokillhismotherandher )y boyfriend.So,thiswasnotjustanideathatpoppedintohisheadon b Marchthe11th,Ithink,of1999.Itwassomethinghehadhadfora K longwhile,earlierthanthat.4` x` x 8   ` Phyferalsotestifiedthatasfarbackas1997,itwasdocumentedinthe  Defendantsmedicalrecordthatheusedtosetfireswithoutpurposeandact  excessivelycrueltoanimals,two hallmarksofchildhoodthatheraldtheonsetof  schizophrenia.PhyfertestifiedthattheDefendantsaidthathewouldsetfiresand q killanimals justforthefunofit.Phyfertestifiedthatschizophreniaisaspectrum Z disorderandthattheDefendantsillnesswas assevereas[shehad]everseen.C   8   ` PhyferwasquestionedregardingtheDefendantsapparentlackofemotion e whenhemadethe911call,andsherespondedthatschizophrenicsoftenhave deficit N symptoms.Phyferexplainedthatapersonwithschizophreniamayhavea lackof  7 intensity,alackofemotionalresponse,thatweconsidernormal.Phyfertestified !   thatwhereotherswould presumablyrespondbybeingemotionallyhappyorsador " ! fearful,[theDefendant]wouldnot.Hewouldbeemotionallyflat.Phyferstated #" thatwhentheDefendantkilledthevictim,hewasnotabletoappreciaterightfrom $# wrong.AccordingtoPhyfer,theDefendant wasnotintouchwithrealityandright t% $ andwrong.Phyfertestifiedthatthereis nopossibilityasfaras[she]couldforesee, ]&!% that[theDefendant]wouldeverbeabletofunctionoutsideofahighlystructured, F'"& secure,inpatientfacility.PhyferstatedthattheDefendanthadbeenadmittedtothe /(#' WesternMentalHealthInstitutiononfiveoccasions,mostrecentlyonFebruary3, )h$( 2000.PhyfertestifiedthattheDefendantwasalsoadmittedtoBaptistHospitalin *Q%) UnionCityin1998.*:&*    +#'+ 8   ` Dr.DavidR.Richie,apsychologistatWesternMentalHealthInstitute,  testifiedthatheconductedaforensicexaminationontheDefendantonMarch31,  1999andsubmittedaCertificateofNeedforJudicialHospitalization.Richie  testifiedthattheDefendanthadaseverepsychoticdisorder,asevidencedbyhis k delusionsthathewasamoviecharacterwhocommitsserialmurders.Richie T testifiedthattheDefendantsufferedfromaflatnessofeffectorlackofemotionand =  thathewasveryreclusive.RichietestifiedthattheDefendantwouldexhibitand & v maintainunusualposturessuchassittingalldayina crunchedpositionstaringat  _ thefloor.AccordingtoRichie,theDefendantcomplainedofhearingvoices,such  H asthevoiceofthedevil,andhestatedthatonatleastoneoccasion,theDefendant  1  reportedhehadavisualhallucination.Richietestifiedthatthetreatmentteam    determinedbyaunanimousdecisionthattheDefendantsufferedfromcatatonicand   paranoidschizophrenia.    8   ` RichietestifiedthattheDefendanthaddelusionsthatsomeonewas outto n  gethim,outtomurderhim.RichiestatedthattheDefendantreportedhavingthose W  delusionsatage14.Richierecalledthatonce,aftertheDefendantbegantaking @ medicine,theDefendantsaid, WhateverImafraidof,Iwontbeafraidofanymore )y ifIbecomewhatImafraidof.RichiebelievedthatintheDefendantsmind,he b becamethecharacterinthemovieHalloween.AccordingtoRichie,theDefendant K didnotappreciatethewrongfulnessofhisactsonMarch11,1999.4   8   ` RandyDaleStone,thevictimsbrotherandtheDefendantsuncle,testified  helivedinthesameneighborhoodastheDefendant.Stonetestifiedthathesawthe  victimonadailybasis.StonebelievedthattheDefendantshouldbeplacedina  hospital.q   Ramon,2002WL1841608,at**15.#X?XXXƗ>#XƗXXX? C   Afterlessthananhourofdeliberations,thejuryreturnedaverdictfindingtheDefendant e guiltyoffirstdegreemurder,andbythisverdict,implicitlyrejectedtheinsanitydefense.Thetrial N courtsubsequentlysentencedtheDefendanttolifeimprisonment.Ondirectappeal,theDefendant  7 raisedtwoissuesforreview:(1)whethertheevidencewassufficientasamatteroflawtosustain !   theconviction;and(2)whetherthetriersoffacterredinfailingtofindtheDefendantnotguiltyby " ! reasonofinsanity. #"   InanopinionfiledAugust9,2002,amajorityofthisCourtreversedthejudgmentof t% $ conviction,modifiedthejudgmentto NotGuiltybyReasonofInsanity,andremandedforfurther ]&!% proceedingspursuanttoTennesseeCodeAnnotatedSection337303.Ramon,2002WL1841608, F'"& at*1.Specifically,weconcludedthat: /(#' #X?XXXƗHh#XƗXXX?8  [T]heDefendantprovedbyclearandconvincingevidencethathewasinsaneatthe *Q%) timeoftheoffense.TherecordisvirtuallyvoidofanyevidencethattheDefendant *:&* wassaneatthetimeofthestabbing.ItisundisputedthattheDefendantwas +#'+ hospitalizedformentalillnessonseveraloccasionsbeforehisarrestinthiscase.  Furthermore,twoqualifiedmentalhealthprofessionalsgaveuncontrovertedand  unimpeachedtestimonyindicatingthattheDefendantwasunabletoappreciatethe  wrongfulnessofhisactsatthetimeofthecrimeasaresultofaseverementaldisease k ordefect.Ourreviewrevealsneithersufficientlaytestimonynorsufficientexpert T testimonyconcerningtheDefendantsmentalstateatornearthattimeofthe =  stabbingthatwouldjustifyrejectionoftheinsanitydefense.Becauseweconclude & v thatarationaltrieroffactcouldonlyfindthattheDefendant,atthetimeofthe  _ stabbing,wasunabletoappreciatethewrongfulnessofhisactasaresultofasevere  H mentaldisease,wefindthatthedefenseofinsanitywasestablishedbyclearand  1  convincingevidence.SeeStatev.Flake,No.W200001131CCAMR3CD,2001    Tenn.Crim.App.LEXIS517,at*16(Tenn.Crim.App.,Jackson,July13,2001).   Inreachingourconclusion,wearemindfulthatallfactualissuesandtheweightto   begivenevidencearewithinthepurviewofthetrieroffact.SeeBuggs,995S.W.2d   at105;Matthews,805S.W.2dat779;Liakas,256S.W.2dat859.However,because n  weconclude,afterviewingtheevidenceinalightmostfavorabletotheState,that W  arationaltrieroffactcouldonlyfindthatinsanityhasbeenestablishedbyclearand @ convincingevidence,wemaynotsustainaguiltyverdict.SeegenerallyTenn.R. )y App.P.13(e);Jackson,443U.S.at319.#X?XXXƗl#XƗXXX?Ԁ#X?XXXƗu#XƗXXX?b   Ramon,2002WL1841608,at*6. 4   Inadissentingopinion,JudgeJosephM.Tiptondisagreedwiththemajoritybecause itwas  thejurysprerogativetodiscreditsomeorallofthedefendantsexpertstestimonyandtoconclude  thattheirtestimonydidnotprovebyclearandconvincingevidencethatthedefendantcouldnot  appreciatethewrongfulnessofhisconduct.#X?XXXƗ>v#XƗXXX?Ramon,2002WL1841608,at*7(Tipton,J., q dissenting).JudgeTiptonexplainedthat: Z 8  #X?XXXƗ|x#XƗXXX?Althoughbothexpertstestifiedthatthedefendantwasunabletoappreciatethe ,| wrongfulnessofhisactsatthetimeofthekilling,Idonotbelievethejurywas e requiredtoaccepttheirtestimonyasfact.Theveryfactthatthedefendantcalled9 N 11andexplainedwhathehaddone,andtowhom,reflectsanawarenessofwhathad  7 occurred.Moreover,hishistoryofplanstokillothers,includingtheuseofaknife !   becausehecouldnotconcealagun,doesnotreflectanincapacitytoknowrightfrom " ! wrong.#X?XXXƗVy#XƗXXX?#"   Ramon,2002WL1841608,at*7(Tipton,J.,dissenting). t% $   Thereafter,theStatefiledanapplicationforpermissiontoappealtotheTennesseeSupreme F'"& CourtpursuanttoRule11(a)oftheTennesseeRulesofAppellateProcedure#X?XXXƗ|#XƗXXX?,arguingthatthisCourt /(#' erredinoverturningthejurysdeterminationthattheDefendantfailedtoprovehisinsanitydefense )h$( byclearandconvincingevidence.Specifically,theStatearguedthatinlightofStatev.Flake,88 *Q%) S.W.3d540(Tenn.2002)#X?XXXƗ}#XƗXXX?Ԁ( FlakeI), [t]heCourtofCriminalAppealserredinreversing[the *:&* Defendants]convictionbaseduponitsfindingthatthejurydidnothavetheoptionofdiscrediting +#'+ theconclusionsof[theDefendants]expertwitnesses.OnDecember23,2002,theTennessee  SupremeCourtgrantedtheStatesapplicationforthepurposeofremandingthecasetoourCourt  forreconsiderationinlightofFlakeI.#X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX?Ԁ#X?XXXƗV#XƗXXX?Ԁ    II.Analysis =       TheTennesseeSupremeCourthasremandedthiscasetoourCourt forreconsiderationin  a lightofFlakeI,88S.W.3d540,whichwasissuedtwentydaysafterweissuedouroriginalopinion.  J #X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX?ApproximatelyoneyearafterFlakeI,theTennesseeSupremeCourtissuedStatev.Flake,__  3  S.W.3d__,2003WL21788920(Tenn.2003)( FlakeII),whichinvolvedthesamedefendantand    thesameinsanitydefenseissue.BecausebothFlakeIandFlakeIIaredispositivetothiscase,we   willconsiderbothcasesonremand.     Ondirectappeal,theDefendantraisedtwoissuesforreview:(1)whethertheevidencewas p  sufficientasamatteroflawtosustaintheconviction;and(2)whetherthetriersoffacterredin Y  failingtofindtheDefendantnotguiltybyreasonofinsanity.#X?XXXƗ5#ԀAccordingly,wewillreconsiderboth B issuesonremandinlightofFlakeIandFlakeII. +{   A.SufficiencyoftheEvidence M     Whenanaccusedchallengesthe% Q %QoOX?XXX?sufficiencyofthe#X?XXOX?č#OX?XXX?evidence,anappellatecourtsstandard ! ofreviewiswhether,afterconsideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,   anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthecrimebeyondareasonable  doubt.Tenn.R.App.P.13(e);#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Jacksonv.Virginia,#X?XXOX?x#OX?XXX?Ԁ443U.S.307,324(1979);#X?XXOX?݉#OX?XXX?Statev.Smith,24  S.W.3d274,278(Tenn.2000)#X?XXOX?=#OX?XXX?;#X?XXOX?ˊ#OX?XXX?Statev.Duncan,#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Ԁ698S.W.2d63,67(Tenn.1985).Thisruleapplies u tofindingsofguiltbasedupondirectevidence,circumstantialevidence,oracombinationofboth ^ directandcircumstantialevidence.#X?XXOX?m#OX?XXX?Statev.Pendergrass,#X?XXOX?Ė#OX?XXX?Ԁ13S.W.3d389,39293(Tenn.Crim.App. G 1999). 0  Ѐ  Indeterminingthe#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?sufficiencyofthe#X?XXOX?č#OX?XXX?evidence,thisCourtshouldnotreweighorreevaluate  R theevidence.#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Statev.Matthews,#X?XXOX?Ĺ#OX?XXX?Ԁ805S.W.2d776,779(Tenn.Crim.App.1990).Normaythis  ; Courtsubstituteitsinferencesforthosedrawnbythetrieroffactfromtheevidence.#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Statev.Buggs,#X?XXOX? #OX?XXX? !$  995S.W.2d% V #X?XXOX?j#%VOX?XXX?102,105(Tenn.1999);#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Liakasv.State,#X?XXOX?F#OX?XXX?Ԁ286S.W.2d856,859(Tenn.1956).Questions " ! concerningthecredibilityofthewitnesses,theweightandvalueoftheevidence,aswellasall #" factualissuesraisedbytheevidenceareresolvedbythetrieroffact.#X?XXOX?ħ#OX?XXX?Liakas,#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Ԁ286S.W.2dat859. $# ThisCourtmustaffordtheStateofTennesseethestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidence x% $ containedintherecord,aswellasallreasonableinferenceswhichmaybedrawnfromtheevidence.#X?XXOX?F#OX?XXX? a&!% Statev.Evans,#X?XXOX?ć#OX?XXX?Ԁ838S.W.2d185,191(Tenn.1992).Becauseaverdictofguiltagainstadefendant J'"& removesthepresumptionofinnocenceandraisesapresumptionofguilt,theconvictedcriminal 3(#' defendantbearstheburdenofshowingthattheevidencewaslegallyinsufficienttosustainaguilty )l$( verdict.#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Id.#X?XXOX?ĝ#]XX?O]] *U%)   #OX?XO]#TheDefendantarguedondirectappealthat arationaltrieroffactwouldnothavereturned +&+ averdictofguiltytoFirstDegreeMurderinthiscasebecause theproofofferedbythedefenseand  lackofproofpresentedbytheStateoverwhelminglyshowsthatarationaltrieroffactwouldhave  foundthedefendantnotguiltybyreasonofinsanity.Therefore,theDefendantsargumentthat  therewasinsufficientevidencetoconvicthimoffirstdegreemurderhingesuponwhetherthejury k erredwhenitrejectedtheDefendantsinsanitydefense.Ifthejuryerredinrejectingtheinsanity T defense,thentheevidenceisinsufficienttoconvicttheDefendantoffirstdegreemurderandwe =  mustfindthathewasnotguiltybyreasonofinsanity.However,ifthejurydidnoterrinrejecting & v theinsanitydefense,thenwemustaffirmtheconvictionbecausesufficientevidenceexiststo  _ supporttheconviction.  H   B.InsanityDefense      #X?XXOX?#  Theinsanitystatute,TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911501(1997),providesas   follows:   8  Insanity.(a)Itisanaffirmativedefensetoprosecutionthat,atthetimeofthe Y  commissionoftheactsconstitutingtheoffense,thedefendant,asaresultofasevere B mentaldiseaseordefect,wasunabletoappreciatethenatureorwrongfulnessofsuch +{ defendant'sacts.Mentaldiseaseordefectdoesnototherwiseconstituteadefense. d Thedefendanthastheburdenofprovingthedefenseofinsanitybyclearand M convincingevidence. 6  % T %T"% U %U@OX?XXX?(b)Asusedinthissection, mentaldiseaseordefectdoesnotincludeany  abnormalitymanifestedonlybyrepeatedcriminalorotherwiseantisocialconduct.  % Z #X?XXOX?^#%ZKOX?XXX? % [ #X?XXOX?Č#%[% \ %\OX?XXX?(c)Noexpertwitnessmaytestifyastowhetherthedefendantwasorwasnotinsane s assetforthinsubsection(a).Suchultimateissueisamatterforthetrieroffact \ alone.E   #X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Tenn.CodeAnn.3911501.#X?XXOX?R#XƗXXX? Underthisstatute,theinsanitydefenseappliesonlywhenthe g defendanthasaseverementaldiseaseordefectthatresultsinthedefendantsbeing unableto  P appreciatethenatureorwrongfulnessofsuchdefendantsacts.Tenn.Code.Ann.3911501(a).#X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX?  9 Furthermore,insanityisanaffirmativedefenseunderthestatute,and,assuch,thedefendanthasthe !"  burdenofprovingthedefensebyclearandconvincingevidence.Tenn.CodeAnn.#X?XXXƗ5#OX?XXX?3911501(a);#X?XXOX?W#XƗXXX? " ! FlakeI,88S.W.3dat551. Clearandconvincingevidencemeansevidenceinwhichthereisno #" seriousorsubstantialdoubtaboutthecorrectnessoftheconclusionsdrawnfromtheevidence. $# Hodgesv.S.C.Toof&Co.,833S.W.2d896,901n.3(Tenn.1992).Moreover,theinsanitystatute v% $ prohibitsexpertwitnessesfromofferingopiniontestimonyonwhetherthedefendantwassaneat _&!% thetimetheoffensewascommitted.Tenn.CodeAnn.#X?XXXƗ#OX?XXX?3911501#X?XXOX?#XƗXXX?(c);FlakeI,88S.W.3dat551. H'"& Theultimateissueofthedefendantssanityis amatterforthetrieroffactalone.Tenn.CodeAnn. 1(#' #X?XXXƗj#OX?XXX?3911501#X?XXOX?l#XƗXXX?(c);FlakeI,88S.W.3dat551.#X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX? )j$(   Inthiscase,thejuryrejectedtheDefendantsinsanitydefenseandconvictedhimoffirst *<&* degreemurder.Accordingly,onremand,wemustreviewwhetherthejuryerredinrejectingthe +%'+ Defendantsinsanitydefense.TennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection3911501 doesnotbyitsterms  alterthestandardofappellatereviewofajurysfindingontheinsanitydefense.FlakeI,88S.W.3d  at551.InFlakeI,theTennesseeSupremeCourtheldthat:  8  Thesufficiencyoftheevidencestandardpreviouslyappliedbyappellatecourts T reviewingajuryfindingonsanity!whether,afterviewingtheevidenceinthelight =  mostfavorabletothestate,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessential & v elementsoftheoffensebeyondareasonabledoubt!isnolongerappropriate. _   Id.at551.#X?XXXƗ$#XƗXXX?Intheplaceofthesufficiencyoftheevidencestandard,theTennesseeSupremeCourt  1  unanimouslyconcludedthat:    8  [A]ppellatecourtsinTennesseeshouldapplythereasonablenessstandard] #  3      ׀when   reviewingajurysrejectionoftheinsanitydefense....Accordingly,appellatecourts   inTennesseeshouldreverseajuryverdictrejectingtheinsanitydefenseonlyif, n  consideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheprosecution,noreasonable W  trieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthedefendantsinsanityatthetimeofthe @ offensewasestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidence....Areviewingcourt )y applyingthereasonablenessstandardshouldconsideralltheevidenceintherecord b inthelightmostfavorabletothestateindeterminingwhetherthejuryappropriately K rejectedtheinsanitydefense.4     Id.at554.Whilethereasonablenessstandard isproperlydeferentialtothefindingofthetrierof  fact,thestandard doesnottotallyinsulatethejurysfindingfromappellatereview.Id.Ifthe  appellatecourt,consideringtheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheState,findsthatno  reasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthedefendantsinsanityatthetimeofthe k offensewasestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidence,thenitshouldreversethejurysrejection T oftheinsanitydefense.Id.󀀀 =    InFlakeI,theTennesseeSupremeCourtexplicitlyrejected thenotionthattheStatemust  _ rebutdefenseproofofinsanitywithsubstantialevidence,because [t]hecurrentstatuteclearlydoes  H notimposesuchaburdenofproofontheprosecution.Id.#X?XXXƗ#ԀRather,TennesseeCodeAnnotated  1  section3911501(a)placestheburdenofestablishingtheinsanitydefense squarelyonthe    defendant.FlakeI,88S.W.3dat554.TheTennesseeSupremeCourtexplainedthatoncethe   insanitydefensehasbeeninterposed,theStatewillinmostcasesattempttocounterthedefense   proofinsomemanner,eitherby contraryexperttestimony,laywitnesses,orvigorouscross   examinationdesignedtounderminethecredibilityofthedefenseexperts.Id.Indetermining n  whetherthejuryproperlyrejectedtheinsanitydefense,theappellatecourtmustconsiderallthe W  evidenceintherecord,includingevidenceofthedefendantsactionsandwordsatornearthetime @ oftheoffenseandthelayandexperttestimony.Id.(citingStatev.Sparks,891S.W.2d607,616 )y (Tenn.1995);Statev.Jackson,890S.W.2d436,440(Tenn.1994);Edwardsv.State,540S.W.2d b 641,647(Tenn.1976)).TheTennesseeSupremeCourtfurtherexplainedthat: K 8  Theweightandvaluetobegivenexperttestimonyisaquestionforthejury.[Sparks,  891S.W.2dat616].Wherethereisaconflictintheevidence,thetrieroffactisnot  requiredtoacceptexperttestimonyoverotherevidenceandmustdeterminethe  weightandcredibilityofeachinlightofallthefactsandcircumstancesofthecase.  Id.Questionsconcerningthecredibilityofwitnesses,theweightandvalueofthe q evidence,aswellasallfactualdisputesraisedbytheevidence,areforthetrierof Z fact;appellatecourtsdonotreweightheevidenceorreevaluatecredibility C determinations.[Statev.Holder,15S.W.3d905,912(Tenn.Crim.App.1999)].,|   FlakeI,88S.W.3dat554. N   InFlakeI,thedefendantwaschargedwithattemptedfirstdegreemurderforshootinghis !   pastoralcounseloratachurchinMemphis,Tennessee.Id.at542.Attrial,thefactssurrounding " ! theshootingwerenotcontested,andthedefendantsoughttoestablishtheaffirmativedefenseof #" insanity.Id.Thejuryfoundthedefendantguiltyofattemptedvoluntarymanslaughter,implicitly $# rejectingtheinsanitydefense.Id.Ondirectappeal,thedefendantasserted,amongotherthings,that t% $ theinsanitydefensewasestablished byclearandconvincingevidenceandthatthejuryhaderred ]&!% inrejectingit.Id.ThisCourtagreed,modifiedtheverdicttonotguiltybyreasonofinsanity,and I'"& remandedthecasetothetrialcourt.Id.TheTennesseeSupremeCourtgrantedtheStates 2(#' applicationforpermissiontoappealandreversedourholding.TheSupremeCourtappliedthe )k$( reasonablenessstandardofreview,andamajorityofthecourtconcludedthatareasonabletrierof *T%) factcouldhavefoundthatthedefendantfailedtoshowbyclearandconvincingevidencethat,as *=&* aresultofaseverementalillnessordefect,hewasunabletoappreciatethewrongfulnessofhis +&'+ acts._ #  4      ׀Id.at555.     Inreachingitsdecision,themajorityoftheTennesseeSupremeCourtfoundevidenceinthe  recordthatsupportedthejurysrejectionofthedefendantsinsanitydefense: l 8  First,therecordcontainsevidencesuggestingthedefendantwasnotsufferingfrom >  aseverementalillnessatthetimeoftheoffense.Asmuchastwoweeksandaslittle ' w astwodayspriortothisshooting,thedefendanthadthepresenceofmindtofalsely  ` answerquestionsregardingpriormentalhealthtreatmentanddrugabusewhich,had  I heansweredtruthfully,probablywouldhavepreventedhimfromobtainingthe  2  weaponusedtocommitthiscrime.Inaddition,theproofshowedthat,whilethe    defendantbehavedstrangelyduringtheweekprecedingtheshooting,hisbehavior   onthedayoftheshootinghadbeenperfectlynormal.AsstatedbyDr.Hutson,the   defendantawokeabout9:00a.m.,wasinagood% a %aOX?XXX?mood,helpedhisfathercook   breakfast,workedonhiscarwithhisfather,rodehistrailbike,walkedhisdoginthe o  park,watchedamovieaboutacriminaltrial,choseatelevisionmovietowatchthat X  eveningwithhisparents,helpedcookdinneronanoutdoorgrill,atedinner,andthen A leftforameetingatCentralChurchabout5:40p.m.,assuringhisparentshewould *z returnimmediatelyafterthemeetingtowatchthemovietogetherasplanned.While c theshootingitselfwascertainlyunexpected,thereisproofintherecordtosuggest L anexplanation,albeitfarfetched,fortheshooting.Thetestimonyindicatedthatthe 5 defendantwaspreoccupiedwithhomosexuality,thathebelievedthevictimwasvery  effeminate,thathesuspectedthevictimwashomosexual,andthathehatedthe  victimforthewayhetouchedhim.Dr.Hutsontestifiedthat,givenhispreoccupation  withhomosexuality,physicallytouchingthedefendantcouldhavefatal  consequences.Thisproofsuggestsamotivefortheshooting,andthejurysverdict r ofattemptedvoluntarymanslaughterindicatesthatperhapsthismotivewascredited.[    8   ` Second,defenseproofthatthedefendantsufferedfromaseveremental -} illnesswascounteredbytestimonyelicitedoncrossexaminationofthedefense f expertssuggestingthedefendantwasmalingering.Althoughallthementalhealth O expertsopinedthatthedefendantsuffersfromschizophrenia,theproofisclearthat,  8 throughouttenyearsofpriormentalhealthtreatment,thedefendanthadnotbeen !!  diagnosedasschizophrenicandhadnevercomplainedof% b #X?XXOX?ľ#%bOX?XXX?auditoryhallucinations. " ! Infact,thedefendantsreportofauditoryhallucinationsfollowinghisarrestwasnot  spontaneousbutwasinresponsetoaquestionfromhismother.Theexperts  admittedthatthedefendantsreportofauditoryhallucinationswasacriticalfactor  inthediagnosisofschizophrenia,andtheyconcededthattherearenoexisting k objectiveteststoverifythatthedefendantactuallysuffersfromauditory T hallucinations.Resultsoftwopsychologicaltestsindicatedthatthedefendantwas =  malingeringmentalillness,buttheexpertwitnessesdiscountedtheseresults.Two & v oftheexpertstestifiedthathadthedefendantnotreportedauditoryhallucinations,  _ helikelywouldhavebeendiagnosedassufferingfromvariouspersonalitydisorders,  H whichgenerallyarenotconsideredtobeseverementalconditionscapableof  1  supportinganinsanitydefense.Theproofalsoshowedthat,beforehisarrest,the    defendanthadattendedtheUniversityofMemphisforthreeyearsstudyingcriminal   justiceandthatonthedayofhisadmissiontoWestern,hehadadvisedDr.Linder   thatheintendedtopleadnotguiltybyreasonofinsanityandbelievedhewouldbe   releasedwithinsixtytoninetydaysifhereceivedaverdictonthatplea.According n  topsychological% c #X?XXOX?#%cd% d %dOX?XXX?recordsofthedefendantsmentalhealthtreatmentpriortohis W  arrest,hehadahistoryofpolysubstanceabuseandhadoftenliedtohisparentsabout @ theextenttowhichheabuseddrugsandalcohol.Althoughtheexpertstestifiedthat )y thedefendantshistoryofsubstanceabusehadno% e #X?XXOX?#%eD% f %fOX?XXX?impactontheirevaluationssince b hehadbeenincarceratedandhadnoaccesstodrugs,Dr.Linderadmittedthatthe K defendanttestedpositiveforamphetamineswhenhearrivedatWestern,eventhough 4 hehadnoprescriptionforamphetamines.Dr.Linderassumedtheresultwasafalse  positivebutadmittedthathedidnotretesttoconfirmthisassumption.    8   ` Finally,notwithstandingexpertprooftothecontrary,thefactssurrounding  theoffensesuggestthedefendantrealizedhisconductwaswrongful.Withthe q exceptionofDr.Craddock,thementalhealthprofessionalstestifiedthatthe Z defendantwasunabletoappreciatethewrongfulnessofhisconductinshootingthe C victim.Dr.Craddockopinedthatthedefendantwasawarethatshootingsomeone ,| waswrongful,buthefeltmorallyjustifiedinshootingthevictimwhomhebelieved e tobeaterrorist.Thefactsshow,however,thatthedefendantdidnotshootthe N parishionerwithwhomthevictimwasmeeting,andhefledthescene,ratherthan  7 waitingforthearrivaloftheFBI.Atthetimeofhisarrest,thedefendantappeared !   torealizehehadcommittedacrime.Whenaskedifheknewwhytheofficerswere " ! athishouseheresponded yesandtoldtheofficersthattheweaponwasinthe #" glovecompartment.Althoughtheofficerssaidthedefendantshowedlittleemotion $# andappeared distraughtor tired,theyobservednobizarrebehavior.Afterhis t% $ arrest,thedefendantcompliedwithhisattorneysinstructionnottospeakwith ]&!% anyonealone,asisevidencedbyDr.Hutsonstestimonythatthedefendantwas F'"& reluctanttospeak% g #X?XXOX?ģ#%gwithhimuntilreceivingpermissionfromhisattorney.Dr. /(#' McIntosh,Dr.LuttrellandJohnPerrysaidthedefendantbehavednormallywhile )h$( incarceratedalthoughhedidappeardepressed.*Q%)   FlakeI,88S.W.3dat55556. +#'+ Ї  InconclusionofFlakeI,theTennesseeSupremeCourtexplainedthat:  8  Wheretheproofiscontested,appellatecourtsshouldrarelyreverseajurysrejection  oftheinsanitydefenseunderthisdeferentialstandardofreview....[A]ppellate k courtsarenotfactfinders,andreversalisnotappropriatewheretheevidencemight T appeartousclearandconvincingwerewefactfinders.Appellatecourtsdonot =  reweightheevidenceorreassesscredibilitydeterminations.Thesetasksarewithin & v theprovinceofthejury.Whiletheproofinthisrecordindicatesthatthedefendant  _ suffersfromamentaldisorder,suchproofdoesnotmandateajuryfindingthata  H defendantislegallyinsane.OX?XXX?Cf.Coev.State,#X?XXOX?#OX?XXX?Ԁ17S.W.3d193,221(Tenn.2000)  1  ( [T]heexistenceofamentaldisorderdoesnotautomaticallytranslateintoafinding    ofincompetencytobeexecuted.);#X?XXOX?9#OX?XXX?Reed,#X?XXOX?G#OX?XXX?Ԁ997F.2dat334( Insanity,forour   purposes,isalegalterm.WedonotaskwhetherReedisinsanebypsychiatricor   psychologicalstandards.).Indeterminingwhetheradefendant% i #X?XXOX?ĝ#%iOX?XXX?isinsane,ajuryis   entitledtoconsideralltheevidenceoffered,includingthefactssurroundingthe n  crime,thetestimonyoflaywitnesses,andexperttestimony.Whileajurymaynot W  arbitrarilyignoreevidence,ajuryisnotboundtoacceptthetestimonyofexperts @ wheretheevidenceiscontested.Indeed,thisprincipleisexplicitlyreflectedinthe )y currentstatutewhichprohibitsexperts#X?XXOX?#% k %kOX?XXX?fromtestifyingontheultimateissueofthe b defendantssanityandreservesthisissueforthetrieroffactalone.K   #X?XXOX?6#OX?XXX?Id.at55657.    InFlakeII,theTennesseeSupremeCourtappliedtheFlakeIreasonablenessstandardof  reviewtothefactsofFlakeII,whichinvolvedthesamedefendantbutseparateoffenses.FlakeII,  __S.W.3dat__,2003WL21788920,at*1415.#X?XXOX?(#OX?XXX?AsinFlakeI,thefactssurroundingtheshootings q inFlakeIIwereuncontestedattrial.InFlakeII,thedefendantfatallyshottwomenandwas Z indictedontwocountsofpremeditatedfirstdegreemurder.#X?XXOX?#XƗXXX? Id.#X?XXXƗ#OX?XXX?Ԁat*#X?XXOX?l#XƗXXX?1.Again,asinFlakeI,the C defendantfocuseduponestablishingtheaffirmativedefenseofinsanity.Id.at*1.Thejuryrejected / theinsanitydefenseandfoundthedefendantguiltyonbothcountsofpremeditatedfirstdegree h murder.Id.at*1.Ondirectappeal,thedefendantargued,amongotherthings,thattheinsanity  Q defensehadbeenestablishedbyclearandconvincingevidenceandthatthejuryhaderredin  : rejectingit.Id.#X?XXXƗ#ThisCourtagreed,modifiedtheverdicttonotguiltybyreasonofinsanity,and !#  remandedthecasetothetrialcourt.Id.XƗXXX?ԀTherefore,inFlakeII,theTennesseeSupremeCourtwas " ! facedwithresolvingtheexactsameissuewhichcamebeforeitinFlakeI:whetherthejury #" erroneouslyrejectedtheinsanitydefense.Id. $#   AmajorityoftheFlakeIIcourtanalyzedwhetherthejuryerroneouslyrejectedtheinsanity `&!% defensebyusingthereasonablenessstandardofreviewsetforthinFlakeIandultimatelyreached I'"& thesameresultasthemajorityinFlakeI.h #  5      ׀Themajorityfoundthat:(1)therecordcontained 2(#' evidencesuggestingthedefendantwasnotsufferingfromaseverementalillnessatthetimeofthe  shootings;(2)thedefendantsproofthathesufferedfromaseverementalillnesswascounteredby  testimonyelicitedbyvigorouscrossexaminationthatitwasalsoplausiblethatthedefendantwas  malingering;and(3)therecordcontainedproofsuggestingthatthedefendantrealizedhisconduct k waswrongful.FlakeII,__S.W.3dat__,2003WL21788920,at*1517.Accordingly,themajority T inFlakeIIwas unabletoconcludethatnoreasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefailedtofindthatthe =  defendantscriminalinsanityatthetimeoftheoffensewasestablishedbyclearandconvincing & v evidence.Id.at*18.  _   HavingreviewedthereasonablenessstandardofreviewsetforthandappliedinFlakeIand  1  FlakeII,wenowapplythisstandardofreviewtothefactsofthiscase.Consideringtheevidence    inthisrecordinaccordancewiththeprinciplessetforthinFlakeIandFlakeII,weconcludethat   areasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefoundthattheDefendantfailedtoshowbyclearandconvincing   evidencethat,asaresultofaseverementalillnessordefect,hewasunabletoappreciatethenature   orwrongfulnessofhisactions. n    First,notwithstandingtheexperttestimonyofDrs.PhyferandRichietothecontrary,the @ recordcontainsproofsuggestingthattheDefendantrealizedhisconductofstabbinghisauntto )y deathwaswrongful.BothDrs.PhyferandRichietestifiedthattheDefendant didntknowright b fromwrongwhenhestabbedhisauntwithabutcherknife.However,afterstabbinghisaunt,the K Defendanthadthepresenceofmindtocall911inordertosummonhelpforhisaunt,wholay 4 bleedingontheutilityroomfloor.Thefollowingexcerptsfromthe911calltendtoshowthatthe  Defendantknewthathisactofstabbinghisauntwaswrongful:    Dispatcher:911,whatisyouremergency?  8  Caller:Ijuststabbedmyaunt.q   8  Dispatcher:Pardonme?Z   8  Caller:Ijuststabbedmyaunt.Sheisbleeding.C   8  Dispatcher:Youjuststabbedher?,|   8  Caller:Yes,Idid.e   8  Dispatcher:Okay,whatisyourname?N   8  Caller:LuisAnthonyRamon. 7   8  8`    ` x` x   *** " !   8  Dispatcher:Okay,Illneedtotransferyoutothesheriffsoffice.Butfirst,doyou $# feelanypulse?t% $   8  Caller:Ithinkshedied,becausetheresbloodallovertheplace.]&!%   8  Dispatcher:Okay,gocheckandcomebacktome,okay?F'"&   8  Caller:Yes./(#'    )h$( jOY j j    ***8 ` 8 ` x` x   8  8`    ` x` x 8  Dispatcher:Goaheadandtellthem.   8  Sheriffsoffice:Yes,sir.k   8  Caller:Ijustkilledmyaunt,Ithink.Istabbedherwithabutcherknife.T   8  Sheriffsoffice:Okay.=    8        ***  _ 8  Caller:Canyoutellmehowtostopherbleeding? 1    8  Dispatcher:Whereisshebleedingfrom?     8  Caller:(Noresponse.)      ***     BecausetheDefendantmadethis911callmomentsafterhestabbedhisauntmultiple W  times,theseexcerptsreliablyindicatetheDefendantsstateofmindatthetimeofhiscriminalact. @ TheDefendantclearlyknewthathestabbedhisauntwithabutcherknifeandthat [s]he[was] )y bleeding.Indeed,theDefendantadmittedfourtimes#X?XXXƗ#XƗXXX?tostabbinghisauntduringthis911call. b Furthermore,inresponsetothedispatchersquestionastowhetherhisaunthadapulse,the K Defendantresponded, Ithinkshedied,becausetheresbloodallovertheplace.#X?XXXƗ #Thisresponse 4 indicatesthattheDefendantrealizedthat,asaresultofhisattackwiththebutcherknife,hisaunt  hadprobablydied.Moreover,theDefendantaskedthedispatcher, [c]anyoutellmehowtostop  herbleeding?ThisquestiontendstoshowthattheDefendantrealizedthathisauntsbleedingwas  anegativeconsequenceofthestabbingandthatthebleedingmuststoporhisauntwoulddie.A  reasonabletrieroffactcouldhaveinferredfromthisevidencethattheDefendantknewwhathehad q donetohisauntwaswrongandthathewantedtocorrectit.IftheDefendantdidnotbelievethat Z hisactofstabbinghisauntwaswrongful,thenhewouldnothavecalled911inanattempttosave C herfrombleedingtodeath.TheDefendants911callevincestheDefendantsappreciationofthe ,| wrongfulnessofhisact. e   Second,DetectiveVandiverstestimony,whichdescribedtheDefendantsmannerismsand  7 responsestoquestionsafterthesheriffsdeputiesarrived,tendstoshowthattheDefendantknew !   hehadcommittedacrime.DetectiveVandivertestifiedthat: " ! 8  AsIwalkedin,Iheard[theDefendant]indicatingtoDeputyTyler, Shesoverby $# thewasher....XƗXXX?IwentoutandadvisedDeputyTylertotake[theDefendant]from t% $ thetrailer.Iwentoutandasked[theDefendant],then,whohewas.Heresponded ]&!% andgavemehisname.Iaskedhimhowoldhewas,whichhetoldmehewas15. F'"& Iaskedhimwhohismotherwas,andhegavemethenameofDonnaRamon.I /(#' askedhimwherehismotherwas.Atthistimehetoldme, Shesatmy )h$( grandmothersfuneralinSmyrna.#X?XXXƗ@#*Q%)   Thistestimonyindicatesthatwhenthesheriffsdeputiesarrivedatthecrimescene,theDefendant +#'+ hadthepresenceofmindtotellthedeputiesthelocationofhisvictim.TheDefendantknewthat  thelawenforcementofficialswereathishomebecausehehadstabbedhisaunt,andhepointedthem  intherightdirection.Furthermore,DetectiveVandiverstestimonytendstoshowthatthe  Defendantwascoherentandresponsivetoquestionsaboutwhohewasandwherehismotherwas k thatafternoon.ThedetectivedidnottestifythattheDefendantwasactingdelusionalwhenthe T detectivequestionedhim,ratherthetestimonyreflectsthattheDefendanthadnotroubleanswering =  thequestions.Finally,thistestimonyrevealsthattheDefendantcommittedthemurderwhilehis & v motherwasawayathisgrandmothersfuneralinSmyrna.Whilecertainlynotconclusive,a  _ reasonabletrieroffactcouldconcludefromthistestimonythattheDefendantwaitedtocommitthe  H murderuntilhismotherwasgonebecauseheknewmurderinghisauntwaswronganddidnotwant  1  hismothertointerferewithhisplans.        Next,Dr.PhyfertestifiedabouttheDefendantsthoughtsandplansaboutmurderingpeople   in1997.Dr.Phyfertestifiedthat:   8  [TheDefendant]hadthoughtsofkillingtwoteachersandaprincipal.Andhestated W  thathedalsokillwhoeverelsecameinto...thebathroomatschool.Heplanned @ tocarryaknife,becausehefelthecouldntconcealagun.Buthehadthatplanned. )y Healsoplannedtokillhismotherandherboyfriend.b   ThistestimonyshowsthattheDefendanthadahistoryofplanningtokillotherpeople,including 4 histeachers,hisprincipal,hismother,andhismothersboyfriend.Inaddition,thetestimonythat  heplannedtocarryaknifeinsteadofagun becausehefelthecouldntconcealaguntendsto  showthattheDefendant,atleastin1997,hadthecapacitytoknowrightfromwrong.Areasonable  trieroffactcouldhaveinferredfromthistestimonythattheDefendant,in1997,realizedthathe  wouldhavetoconcealtheknifeinordertocarryouthisplannedmurdersbecausetheDefendant q knewthatmurderwaswrong.Thistestimony,whilenotasstrongasthe911call,couldbe Z consideredbyareasonabletrieroffactinconcludingthattheDefendanthadthecapacitytoknow C rightfromwrongwhenhestabbedhisaunttodeath. ,|   Also,wenotethattheevidenceintherecordclearlyshowsthattheDefendantsuffersfrom N catatonicandparanoidschizophrenia.However,suchproofdoesnotmandateajuryfindingthat  7 adefendantislegallyinsane.OX?XXX?Coe,#X?XXOX?"#OX?XXX?Ԁ17S.W.3dat221.#X?XXOX?"#ԀUnderTennesseeCodeAnnotatedsection39 !   11501,inordertobefoundnotguiltybyreasonofinsanity,thedefendantmustprovebyclearand " ! convincingevidencethat atthetimeofthecommissionoftheactsconstitutingtheoffense,the #" defendant,asaresultofaseverementaldiseaseordefect,wasunabletoappreciatethenatureor $# wrongfulnessofsuchdefendantsacts.Mentaldiseaseordefectdoesnototherwiseconstitutea t% $ defense.Tenn.CodeAnn.3911501(a).Althoughbothdefensedoctorstestifiedthatthe ]&!% DefendantdidnotappreciatethewrongfulnessofhisactsandtheStatedidnotcrossexaminethe F'"& doctorsonthatissue, [t]heweightandvaluetobegivenexperttestimonyisaquestionforthejury. /(#' FlakeI,88S.W.3dat554.TheinsanitystatutedoesnotrequiretheStatetoofferrebuttalproof )h$( becausetheDefendanthastheburdenofprovingthisaffirmativedefensebyclearandconvincing *Q%) evidence.Asweexplainedabove,otherevidence,mostnotablythe911call,tendedtoshowthat *:&* theDefendantknewthathehadstabbedhisauntwithabutcherknifeandthatheappreciatedthe +#'+ wrongfulnessofstabbinghisaunttodeath.WhiletheDefendantinthiscasehasprovenbyclear  andconvincingevidencethathesufferedfromaseverementaldiseaseatthetimehecommittedthe  murder,areasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefoundthathefailedtoprovebyclearandconvincing  evidencethathewasunabletoappreciatethenatureorwrongfulnessofhisacts. k   Finally,theDefendantarguesthatthejuryrejectedtheinsanitydefenseandconvictedthe =  Defendantoffirstdegreemurderbaseduponitsfearthathewouldbereleasedbackintotheir & v community.TheDefendantarguesthat thejuryinquestionwantedtofindthedefendantnotguilty  _ byreasonofinsanityasevidencedbythequestionposedtothetrialcourtjudgeconcerning  H placementofthedefendantifaverdictofnotguiltybyreasonofinsanitywasreached.Thetrial  1  courtgavethejurydetailedinstructionsregardingboththeelementsoffirstdegreemurderandthe    insanitydefense.n #  6      ׀TheDefendantdidnotobjecttotheinstructionsattrialanddoesnotcontestthem   onappeal.WemustOX?XXX?presumethatthe#X?XXOX?.#OX?XXX?juryproperlyfollowedthetrialcourts#X?XXOX?o.#OX?XXX?instructionsabsent   clearandconvincingprooftothecontrary.#X?XXOX?.#OX?XXX?SeeStatev.Smith,#X?XXOX?x/#OX?XXX?Ԁ893S.W.2d908,923(Tenn.1994);   #X?XXOX?/#OX?XXX?Statev.Woods,#X?XXOX?d0#OX?XXX?Ԁ806S.W.2d205,211(Tenn.Crim.App.1990);Statev.Vanzant,659S.W.2d816, n  819(Tenn.Crim.App.1983).#X?XXOX?0#ԀHere,theDefendanthasnotshownthatthejurydidnotfollowthe W  trialcourtsinstructions.Accordingly,wefindthisargumenttobewithoutmerit. @   Asanappellatecourt,wemaynot reweightheevidenceorreevaluatecredibility b determinations.FlakeI,88S.W.3dat554.Whendeterminingwhetherthejuryproperlyrejected K theinsanitydefense,wemustconsideralltheevidenceintherecord,includingevidenceofthe 4 Defendantsactionsandwordsatornearthetimeoftheoffenseandthelayandexperttestimony.  Id.AfterthoroughlyreviewingtherecordinthelightmostfavorabletotheState,weconcludethat  areasonabletrieroffactcouldhavefoundthattheDefendantfailedtoshowbyclearandconvincing  evidencethat,asaresultofaseverementalillnessordefect,hewasunabletoappreciatethenature k orwrongfulnessofhisacts.OX?XXX?Becausewefindthatthejurydidnoterrinrejectingtheinsanity T defense,weconcludethatsufficientevidenceexiststosupporttheDefendantsconvictionoffirst =  degreemurder#X?XXOX?5#OX?XXX?.o #  7      ׀ & v   Accordingly,weAFFIRMthejudgmentofthetrialcourtfindingtheDefendantguiltyoffirst  H degreemurderandsentencinghimtolifeimprisonment.  1  ____________#X?XXOX?6#XƗXXX?_   `     h     ___________________________________      `     h     ROBERTW._WEDEMEYER_,JUDGE#X?XXXƗ19#Ԁ   __