ÿWPC2 ™Ý™›eì.™A’‰½cÖénÞðoBþ(†ìíÔ¡¾ &¾ÁR²$¢ÑÈ4.[ƒ­Uj¿õ º ò8ßKÜ-{½3lX3Œ–öæ¢äuÄÉZªW(lOW{`‰Ý²áá†w´r$"³~·~Â{¥Â ÄÚGñSs—ãuþ—¬hÅ&u²­9ˆ‰®¦GÈO¬µ^4 {÷O¾Qf—¼Õm/ˆBÁX­Âõ|Yl?ol:Æ®B†«Ç¹J”égÐnˆÝËfYteeë±sQèWëÅd}þÛO¥Œá鉪¾ý²ÆÀPQ&üðŽ$_®é{h ;n¡HÑWT'akIØÉ4 wݵ³sÏ~¶($gª$ôï•ò– Îª ÎOEÐïAíbîlmÖÒ‰¶Âf \ÉNØëœÝ³¿š²™?%C¨^ëA´7o,‡¯ô|þfÄYpéyÊ¥J1c掷öó"Þ¼dž´Bˆà9éÅiÃoˆ&£2눀 BÔØºk9%§¬ Ô‹”Ìœd»ñR&*ƒ"ì}d¯Spâ™JWÚ½†ÑÔÓbkmKNå|UŸ‰+\ðÐĹÚ"óû¥F'ï9ð^íb¤fb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz ‘ Ƨ Æm Æ3 Æù UN¿N å 0DôE8ë:::::::::::::::::::::::b%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% 0ë---- B 0¤5 D5Ù D- 0K;; AS†ÆÙ 0¤Ÿ 0DC A«‡˜HP LaserJet 5/5M PostScriptÈÚØÚÚØÈÚ0»»šá,s (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularœZá, œk1¸+  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|xÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ Ñ e ÑLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular ÛÝ ƒRä$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôuT ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔMichael€Myers€is€a€fictional€character€first€appearing€in€the€horror€movie€òòHalloweenóó.€€(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó áÝ ƒRä$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôuT ò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔJason€is€a€fictional€character€in€a€series€of€horror€movies€entitled€òòFriday€the€13òòthóóóó.€€- ù-(|G2ä$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôäò»»Ô d(|3ú$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ú$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€È»»d d 8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€h»»d dÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼h»»»ÔÑ8€bXXXdê»»d 8ÑÑ€ ïOÑà@ttìàÔ‡îKghÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼h»îîKg#ÔˆÐ Ì ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€2,€2001Ð è8 ÐÔ‡XbXX»¼hÔÌò òÔ#†¼h»XXbX/#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€óóv.€LUIS€ANTHONY€RAMONÔ‡XbXX»¼hÔó óÐ Þ. ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Henry€CountyÐ Ö & Ðà@@øøìàNo.€12937€€€€€€Julian€P.€Guinn,€JudgeÐ À  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<}` AßÐ ~Î  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2001„00389„CCA„R3„CD€Ð wÇ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<J` AßÐ K›  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Henry€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€fifteen„year„old€Defendant€for€first€degree€murder.€€TheÐ D”  ÐDefendant€was€tried€as€an€adult€and€convicted€of€the€charged€offense.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€theÐ .~ ÐDefendant€to€life€imprisonment.€€The€Defendant€now€appeals,€arguing€that€his€insanity€defense€wasÐ h Ðestablished€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€After€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€we€reverse€theÐ R Ðjudgment€of€conviction,€modify€the€judgment€to€ð ðNot€Guilty€by€Reason€of€Insanity,ðð€and€remandÐ ì< Ðfor€further€proceedings€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€33„7„303.Ð Ö& ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Reversed;€ModifiedÐ ªú Ðto€ð ðNot€Guilty€by€Reason€of€Insanityðð;€Remanded.ó óÐ ”ä ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼h»àXbX£#ÔÔ‡XbXX.¼hÔRobert€W.€Wedemeyer,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòGary€R.€Wade,€P.J.,óóÐ h¸ Ðjoined.€€òòJoseph€M.€Tipton,€J.óó,€filed€a€dissenting€opinion.Ð R¢ ÐÌW.€Jeffery€Ô_ÔFaganÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Public€Defender,€Camden,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€LuisÐ &v ÐAnthony€Ramon.Ð ` ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€G.Ð ä 4  ÐRobert€Radford,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Steven€L.€Garrett,€Assistant€District€AttorneyÐ Î!! ÐGeneral,€for€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð ¸"" ÐÓ!ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼h»XXbXP#ÔÔ‡XbXX»¼hÔÐ Œ$Ü$ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼h»XXbXn #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XbXX»¼hÔà  àThe€Henry€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€Defendant,€Luis€Anthony€Ramon,€for€first€degreeÐ `&°!& Ðmurder€for€the€stabbing€death€of€his€aunt.€€The€Defendant€was€tried€as€an€adult€and€convicted€of€theÐ J'š"' Ðcharged€offense.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€Defendant€to€life€imprisonment.€€The€Defendant€nowÐ 4(„#( Ðappeals,€arguing€that€insufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€to€convict€him€of€first€degreeÐ )n$) Ðmurder.€€Specifically,€the€Defendant€argues€that€he€should€have€been€found€not€guilty€by€reason€ofÐ *X%* Ðinsanity€because€the€proof€was€clear€and€convincing€that€he€was€insane€when€he€stabbed€his€aunt.€Ð ò*B&+ ÐWe€agree.€€€Ð Ü+,', ÐÌà@aa&ìàI.€FACTSˆÐ °-).ý÷ Їà  àRichard€Allen€Ô_ÔLevesqueÔ_Ô€testified€that€on€March€11,€1999,€he€was€employed€as€a€911Ð ° Ðdispatcher€with€the€Paris€Police€Department.€€Ô_ÔLevesqueÔ_Ô€stated€that€at€approximately€2:50€p.m.€onÐ šê Ðthat€date,€he€answered€a€911€call€from€195€Hill€Road€in€Henry€County.€€According€to€Ô_ÔLevesqueÔ_Ô,€aÐ „Ô Ðmale€subject€on€the€line€stated€that€he€had€just€killed€his€aunt.€€The€subject€identified€himself€as€LuisÐ n¾ ÐAnthony€Ramon.€€Ô_ÔLevesqueÔ_Ô€testified€that€a€tape€was€made€of€his€initial€conversation€with€theÐ X¨ ÐDefendant,€as€well€as€his€subsequent€conversation€with€the€Henry€County€Sheriffððs€dispatcher.€€TheÐ B ’ Ðtape€was€entered€into€evidence€as€an€exhibit€and€played€for€the€jury.€€The€following€content€wasÐ , | Ðheard€in€open€court:Ð  f Ðà8  àDispatcher:€911,€what€is€your€emergency?Ð PÐ Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€I€just€stabbed€my€aunt.Ðê : Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Pardon€me?ÐÔ $ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€I€just€stabbed€my€aunt.€€She€is€bleeding.о Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€You€just€stabbed€her?Шø Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Yes,€I€did.Ð’â Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Okay,€what€is€your€name?Ð|Ì Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Luis€Anthony€Ramon.Ðf¶ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Luis€Anthony€Ramon?ÐP Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Yes.Ð:ŠÐ Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Okay,€Iððll€need€to€transfer€you€to€the€sheriffððs€office.€€But€first,€do€youÐ $t Ðfeel€any€pulse?Ð^Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€I€think€she€died,€because€thereððs€blood€all€over€the€place.ÐøHÐ Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Okay,€go€check€and€come€back€to€me,€okay?Ðâ2Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Yes.ÐÌÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(Another€dialing€heard€and€sheriffððs€office€answering.)жРР Ðà8  àDispatcher:€This€gentleman€is€going€to€be€coming€back€on€the€line,€Luis€Ramon,€andÐ  ð ÐIððm€not€sure€what€his€last€name€is.€€He€said€he€just€stabbed€and€killed€his€.€.€.ЊÚÐ Ð  Ðà8  à(Caller€heard€coming€back€on€line.)ÐtÄÐ Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Okay,€what€is€your€last€name€again,€Luis?Ð^®Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Ramon.ÐH˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Ramon.€€Okay,€Iððm€going€to€dispatch€an€ambulance€to€the€195€Hill€Road.Ð2‚Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Yes.Ð lÐ Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Okay,€the€sheriffððs€office€is€on€the€line€now.Ð!VÐ Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Alright.Ðð!@ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Go€ahead€and€tell€them.ÐÚ"*!Ð Ð  Ðà8  àSheriffððs€office:€Yes,€sir.ÐÄ#"Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€I€just€killed€my€aunt,€I€think.€€I€stabbed€her€with€a€butcher€knife.€€Ð®$þ#Ð Ð  Ðà8  àSheriffððs€office:€Okay.И%è $Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€What?Ђ&Ò!%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Sheððs€talking€to€the€officers€now.€€Weððre€getting€an€ambulance€underwayÐ l'¼"& Ðtoo.ÐV(¦#'Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€Can€you€tell€me€how€to€stop€her€bleeding?Ð@)$(Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Where€is€she€bleeding€from?Ð**z%)Ð Ð  Ðà8  àCaller:€(No€response.)Ð+d&*Ð Ð  Ðà8  àSheriffððs€office:€Sir?Ðþ+N'+Ð Ð  ÐÑ ïOÑâ  âÑe°Ñâ  âÑ  Ñà8  àDispatcher:€I€was€going€to€tell€him€how€to€control€the€bleeding.ÐeÐ Ð  Ðà8  àSheriffððs€office:€Okay,€where€did€he€stab€her€at?ÐOêÐ Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€Thatððs€what€Iððm€trying€to€find€out.€€He€stabbed€her€with€a€butcher€knife.€Ð 9Ô ÐHe€thinks€sheððs€dead.Ð#¾Ð Ð  Ðà8  àSheriffððs€office:€Do€what?Ð ¨Ð Ð  Ðà8  àDispatcher:€He€said€he€thought€she€was€dead,€but€sheððs€bleeding€all€over.Ð÷’Ð Ð  Ðà8  àSheriffððs€office:€Send€ambulance€to€195€Hill€Road.Ðá |Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àWilliam€Gary€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô,€an€investigator€with€the€Henry€County€Sheriffððs€Office,€testified€thatÐ µ P Ðhe€investigated€the€stabbing€death€of€the€victim.€€According€to€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô,€he€arrived€on€the€scene€atÐ Ÿ :  Ðapproximately€2:50€p.m.€on€March€11,€1999.€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€gave€the€following€testimony€regarding€hisÐ ‰ $  Ðarrival€at€the€crime€scene:Ð s  Ðà8  àà ` àI€responded€to€the€scene€after€hearing€the€radio€dispatcher,€from€my€office.€Ð ]ø  ÐI€arrived€on€the€scene€just€seconds€behind€the€patrol€officer.€€The€patrol€officer€wasÐ Gâ  Ðgoing€inside€the€residence,€being€a€double„wide€mobile€home.€€As€I€entered€the€frontÐ 1Ì  Ðdoor,€only€a€second€or€two€behind,€Sergeant€Rod€Frey€and€Deputy€Terry€Tyler,€IÐ ¶  Ðheard€Deputy€Tyler€speaking,€and€the€subject€identified€as€Luis€Anthony€Ramon.€Ð   ÐMr.€Ramon€was€dressed€in€a€brown€coverall.€€The€coveralls€had€blood€on€them.€€HeÐ ïŠ Ðwas€wearing€boots.€€As€I€walked€in,€I€heard€Mr.€Ramon€indicating€to€Deputy€Tyler,Ð Ùt Ðð ðSheððs€over€by€the€washer.ðð€€And,€within€a€second€or€so,€with€Sergeant€Frey,€he€said,Ð Ã^ Ðð ðI€found€her.ðð€€Sergeant€Frey€directed€me€back€to€a€utility€room,€which€is€the€washerÐ ­H Ðand€dryer,€utility€room€of€the€trailer,€which€leads€right€to€the€rear€door.€€I€found,€thereÐ —2 ÐI€found€the€body€of€[the€victim],€lying€on€the€left€side€in€a€fetal€position,€from€theÐ  Ðwasher€and€dryer.€€She€appeared€to€have€been€stabbed€more€than€once,€from€what€IÐ k Ðobserved€at€that€time.€€Large€amount€of€blood€on€the€floor,€ah,€blood€splatters€up€theÐ Uð Ðthree€or€four€feet€on€the€wall,€and€a€large€amount€of€blood€up€and€around€her,€on€herÐ ?Ú Ðand€the€washer€and€dryer.€€Also,€lying€on€the€dryer€was€a€blade,€eight„inch€bladeÐ )Ä Ðfrom€a€butcher€knife,€lying€inside€a€handle.€€The€handle€had€been€broken€from€theÐ ® Ðknife.Ðý˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAfter€I€made€these€initial€observations,€the€emergency€personnel€went€in€toÐ ç‚ Ðmake€sure€the€victim€was€deceased.€€I€went€out€and€advised€Deputy€Tyler€to€take€[theÐ Ñl ÐDefendant]€from€the€trailer.€€I€went€out€and€asked€[the€Defendant],€then,€who€he€was.€Ð » V ÐHe€responded€and€gave€me€his€name.€€I€asked€him€how€old€he€was,€which€he€told€meÐ ¥!@  Ðhe€was€15.€€I€asked€him€who€his€mother€was,€and€he€gave€me€the€name€of€DonnaÐ "*! ÐRamon.€€I€asked€him€where€his€mother€was.€€At€this€time€he€told€me,€ð ðSheððs€at€myÐ y#" Ðgrandmotherððs€funeral€in€Ô_ÔSmyrnaÔ_Ô.ðð€€At€this€time€I€took€photos€of€[the€Defendant]€andÐ c$þ# Ðcollected€from€him,€ah,€took€coveralls€and€boots€from€him€at€this€time€as€evidence.€Ð M%è $ ÐAnd€[the€Defendant]€was€transported€to€the€Henry€County€Sheriffððs€Department.Ð7&Ò!%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àOn€further€investigation€on€the€scene,€I€found,€in€the€counter€and€kitchen€area,Ð !'¼"& Ða€white€hockey€mask;€also€found€a€bloody€boot€print€on€the€living€room€floor.€€Ah,Ð  (¦#' Ðcorrection,€on€the€kitchen€floor,€leading€from€the€living€room.€€Ðõ($(Ð Ð  ÐÔ_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€also€identified€a€photograph€of€the€house€where€the€victim€was€found€and€testified€that€theÐ ß)z%) Ðâ âhome€was€the€residence€of€the€Defendant€and€his€mother,€Donna€Ramon.€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€stated€that€aÐ É*d&* Ðhockey€mask€was€found€near€the€telephone€and€that€there€were€ð ðblood€smudgesðð€on€the€telephone.€Ð e ÐÌâ âà  àÔ_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€testified€that€through€his€investigation€of€this€case€and€after€talking€to€differentÐ 9Ô Ðpeople,€he€determined€that€the€Defendant€had€been€acting€as€if€he€was€Michael€Myers׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€for€ð ðsixÐ #¾ Ðmonths€or€so.ðð€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€stated€that€ð ðaccording€to€the€family€members,€.€.€.€[the€Defendant]€wouldÐ  ¨ Ðbe€wearing€his€coveralls€or€a€rain,€poncho€rain€suit.€€He€would€stand€out€in€the€front€yard€wearingÐ ÷’ Ðit,€and€around€the€residence,€wearing€.€.€.€the€attire,€and€at€times,€the€hockey€mask.ðð€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€furtherÐ á | Ðtestified€that€in€many€of€the€ð ðJason€movies,ðð׃X×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€the€character,€Jason,€is€standing€out€in€the€rain€andÐ Ë f Ðlooking€in€the€residence.€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€testified€that€family€members€informed€him€that€[the€Defendant]Ð µ P Ðwould€ð ðbe€standing€close€to€the€residence,€around€the€window,€at€night,€wearing€a€hockey€mask.€Ð Ÿ :  ÐSometimes€heððd€be€holding€a€flashlight€under€the€hockey€mask.ðð€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€spokeÐ ‰ $  Ðto€Pat€Ô_ÔAtchinsonÔ_Ô€from€the€Henry€County€School€System€regarding€the€Defendant.€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€recalledÐ s  Ðthat€Ô_ÔAtchinsonÔ_Ô€stated€that€the€Defendant€had€been€hearing€voices.€€Ô_ÔVandiverÔ_Ô€also€testified€that€theÐ ]ø  Ðvictim€lived€with€her€father€in€a€place€located€about€one€hundred€feet€behind€the€DefendantððsÐ Gâ  Ðresidence.€€Ð 1Ì  ÐÌà  àDr.€Cynthia€Gardner,€a€forensic€pathologist€at€the€University€of€Tennessee€at€Memphis,Ð   Ðconducted€an€autopsy€on€the€victim€and€determined€that€the€cause€of€death€was€multiple€knife€stabÐ ïŠ Ðwounds.€€According€to€Gardner,€the€victim€sustained€a€3.2„inch„deep€stab€wound€in€the€right€chest,Ð Ùt Ða€5.4„inch„deep€stab€wound€in€the€left€armpit€penetrating€two€chambers€of€the€heart€and€the€liver,Ð Ã^ Ðand€a€7.1„inch„deep€stab€wound€in€the€right€shoulder€penetrating€a€lung€and€the€liver.€€Gardner€alsoÐ ­H Ðnoted€a€bruise€and€a€linear€abrasion€on€the€victimððs€forehead,€a€linear„incised€wound€below€theÐ —2 Ðvictimððs€nose,€a€linear„incised€wound€on€the€right€thumb,€and€a€bruise€on€the€right€eyebrow.€€GardnerÐ  Ðtestified€that€the€linear€wounds€were€defensive€wounds.€€Gardner€estimated€that€the€victim€wouldÐ k Ðhave€lived€only€minutes€after€receiving€the€stab€wounds.€€€€€Ð Uð ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€ordered€the€Defendantððs€admission€to€Western€Mental€Health€Institution€toÐ )Ä Ðdetermine€his€competency€to€stand€trial,€his€state€of€mind€at€the€time€of€the€crime,€and€hisÐ ® ÐÔ_ÔcommitabilityÔ_Ô.€€Dr.€Ann€Quinn€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô,€a€psychologist€at€the€Western€Mental€Health€Institution,Ð ý˜ Ðtestified€for€the€defense.€€Dr.€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€met€the€Defendant€when€he€was€admitted€toÐ ç‚ Ðthe€institution€on€March€11€or€12,€1999.€€€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€stated€that€the€first€time€she€met€with€theÐ Ñl ÐDefendant,€she€was€a€member€of€a€treatment€team€which€included€a€psychiatrist,€a€psychologist,€aÐ » V Ðregistered€nurse,€a€social€worker€and€an€activity€therapist.€€As€the€result€of€the€evaluation,€theÐ ¥!@  ÐDefendant€was€diagnosed€with€catatonic€schizophrenia,€which€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€stated€refers€to€ð ðsome€kind€ofÐ "*! Ðbizarre€movement.ðð€€She€explained€that€this€frequently€means€that€a€person€will€assume€a€bizarreÐ y#" Ðposture€and€maintain€it€or€that€they€will€move€around€in€a€ð ðsenseless€way.ðð€€€€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€stated,€ð ðTheÐ c$þ# Ðessential€component€of€being€catatonic€is€to€have€purposeless€movement,ðð€and€she€reported€that€inÐ M%è $ Ðthe€Defendantððs€case,€he€would€become€immobile.€€Ð 7&Ò!% Ðâ âÐ !'¼"& Ðà  àÔ_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€testified€that€the€Defendant€was€later€diagnosed€with€paranoid€schizophrenia.€€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_ÔÐ e Ðâ âexplained€that€schizophrenia€is€ð ðcharacterized€by€a€positive€and€negative€symptom.€€PositiveÐ Oê Ðsymptoms€are€hallucinations€and/or€delusions.ðð€€According€to€Phyfer,€the€Defendant€suffered€fromÐ 9Ô Ðdelusions€which€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€defined€as€ð ðbeliefs€that€have€no€basis€in€reality,€but€which€are€neverthelessÐ #¾ Ðheld€rigidly€by€the€person.ðð€€Phyfer€also€stated€that€persons€suffering€from€delusions€ð ðrespond€to€theÐ  ¨ Ðdelusional€false€belief€and€donððt€have€any€contact,€or€much€contact,€with€reality.ðð€€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€specifiedÐ ÷’ Ðthat€the€Defendant€suffered€from€paranoid€delusions€that€ð ðthere€was€a€group€of€people€who€wereÐ á | Ðgoing€to€kill€him,€and€he€was€powerless€against€this€group€of€people.ðð€€Phyfer€further€testified€thatÐ Ë f Ðthe€Defendant€ð ðthought€that€he€was€going€to€be€killed€unless€he€could€somehow€protect€himself.ðð€Ð µ P ÐÌà  àÔ_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€elaborated€on€the€Defendantððs€delusions€as€follows:Ð ‰ $  Ðà8  àà ` àHe€came€to€the€conclusion,€and€this€is€apparently€over€a€long€time,€becauseÐ s  Ðhe€had€delusions€about€killing€other€people€that€date€back€in€the€records€to€1997.€Ð ]ø  ÐBut,€and€he€watched€the€movie€òòHalloween€óósome€30€times.€€He€came€to€believe€thatÐ Gâ  Ðif€he€could€become€the€character€of€Jason,€or€Michael€Myers,€and€wear€a€mask€andÐ 1Ì  Ðcarry€a€knife,€that€he€could€himself€become€a€murderer.€€And€if€he€could€become€thatÐ ¶  Ðmurderer,€he€could€protect€himself€against€this€group.€€And€that€was€the€only€wayÐ   Ðthat€he€could€protect€himself.€€And€when€he€wore€the€mask,€and€I€believe€the€overallsÐ ïŠ Є€that€he€put€on€the€symbols€that€represented€to€him€the€ability€to€protect€himself€andÐ Ùt Ðbecome€as€bad€as€his€persecutors.€€That€he€would€become€a€murderer€in€order€toÐ Ã^ Ðprotect€himself,€and€that€was€the€only€way€he€could€see€that€he€could€protect€himself.€Ð ­H ÐHe€was,€back€in€ðð97,€having€the€thoughts€that€he€would€„€this€is€according€to€theÐ —2 Ðmedical€record,€he€had€thoughts€of€killing€two€teachers€and€a€principal.€€And€heÐ  Ðstated€that€heððd€also€kill€whoever€else€came€into€the€bathroom€at€school.€€He€plannedÐ k Ðto€carry€a€knife,€because€he€felt€he€couldnððt€conceal€a€gun.€€But€he€had€that€planned.€Ð Uð ÐHe€also€planned€to€kill€his€mother€and€her€boyfriend.€€So,€this€was€not€just€an€ideaÐ ?Ú Ðthat€popped€into€his€head€on€March€the€11òòthóó,€I€think,€of€1999.€€It€was€something€heÐ )Ä Ðhad€had€for€a€long€while,€earlier€than€that.ЮРР ÐÔ_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€also€testified€that€as€far€back€as€1997,€it€was€documented€in€the€Defendantððs€medical€recordÐ ý˜ Ðthat€he€used€to€set€fires€without€purpose€and€act€excessively€cruel€to€animals,€two€ð ðhallmarks€ofÐ ç‚ Ðchildhood€that€herald€the€onset€of€schizophrenia.ðð€€Phyfer€testified€that€the€Defendant€said€that€heÐ Ñl Ðwould€set€fires€and€kill€animals€ð ðjust€for€the€fun€of€it.ðð€€Phyfer€testified€that€schizophrenia€is€aÐ » V Ðspectrum€disorder€and€that€the€Defendantððs€illness€was€ð ðas€severe€as€[she€had]€ever€seen.ðð€€Ð ¥!@  ÐÌà  àPhyfer€was€questioned€regarding€the€Defendantððs€apparent€lack€of€emotion€when€he€madeÐ y#" Ðthe€911€call,€and€she€responded€that€schizophrenics€often€have€ð ðdeficit€symptoms.ðð€€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€explainedÐ c$þ# Ðthat€a€person€with€schizophrenia€may€have€a€ð ðlack€of€intensity,€a€lack€of€emotional€response,€thatÐ M%è $ Ðwe€consider€normal.ðð€€Phyfer€testified€that€where€others€would€ð ðpresumably€respond€by€beingÐ 7&Ò!% Ðemotionally€happy€or€sad€or€fearful,€[the€Defendant]€would€not.€€He€would€be€emotionally€flat.ðð€Ð !'¼"& ÐPhyfer€stated€that€when€the€Defendant€killed€the€victim,€he€was€not€able€to€appreciate€right€fromÐ  (¦#' Ðwrong.€€According€to€Phyfer,€the€Defendant€ð ðwas€not€in€touch€with€reality€and€right€and€wrong.ððÐ õ($( ÐPhyfer€testified€that€there€is€ð ðno€possibility€as€far€as€[she]€could€foresee,€that€[the€Defendant]€wouldÐ ß)z%) Ðever€be€able€to€function€outside€of€a€highly€structured,€secure,€inpatient€facility.ðð€€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô€stated€thatÐ É*d&* Ðthe€Defendant€had€been€admitted€to€the€Western€Mental€Health€Institution€on€five€occasions,€mostÐ ³+N'+ Ðrecently€on€February€3,€2000.€€òòóóPhyfer€testified€that€the€Defendant€was€also€admitted€to€BaptistÐ e ÐHospital€in€Union€City€in€1998.€€Ð Oê ÐÌà  àDr.€David€R.€Richie,€a€psychologist€at€Western€Mental€Health€Institute,€testified€that€heÐ #¾ Ðconducted€a€forensic€examination€on€the€Defendant€on€March€31,€1999€and€submitted€a€CertificateÐ  ¨ Ðof€Need€for€Judicial€Hospitalization.€€Richie€testified€that€the€Defendant€had€a€severe€psychoticÐ ÷’ Ðdisorder,€as€evidenced€by€his€delusions€that€he€was€a€movie€character€who€commits€serial€murders.€Ð á | ÐRichie€testified€that€the€Defendant€suffered€from€a€flatness€of€effect€or€lack€of€emotion€and€that€heÐ Ë f Ðwas€very€reclusive.€€Richie€testified€that€the€Defendant€would€exhibit€and€maintain€unusual€posturesÐ µ P Ðsuch€as€sitting€all€day€in€a€ð ðcrunched€positionðð€staring€at€the€floor.€€According€to€Richie,€theÐ Ÿ :  ÐDefendant€complained€of€hearing€voices,€such€as€the€voice€of€the€devil,€and€he€stated€that€on€at€leastÐ ‰ $  Ðone€occasion,€the€Defendant€reported€he€had€a€visual€hallucination.€€Richie€testified€that€theÐ s  Ðtreatment€team€determined€by€a€unanimous€decision€that€the€Defendant€suffered€from€catatonic€andÐ ]ø  Ðparanoid€schizophrenia.€€Ð Gâ  ÐÌà  àRichie€testified€that€the€Defendant€had€delusions€that€someone€was€ð ðout€to€get€him,€out€toÐ ¶  Ðmurder€him.ðð€€Richie€stated€that€the€Defendant€reported€having€those€delusions€at€age€14.€€RichieÐ   Ðrecalled€that€once,€after€the€Defendant€began€taking€medicine,€the€Defendant€said,€ð ðWhatever€IððmÐ ïŠ Ðafraid€of,€I€wonððt€be€afraid€of€anymore€if€I€become€what€Iððm€afraid€of.ðð€€Richie€believed€that€in€theÐ Ùt ÐDefendantððs€mind,€he€became€the€character€in€the€movie€òòHalloweenóó.€€According€to€Richie,€theÐ Ã^ ÐDefendant€did€not€appreciate€the€wrongfulness€of€his€acts€on€March€11,€1999.€€Ð ­H ÐÌà  àRandy€Dale€Stone,€the€victimððs€brother€and€the€Defendantððs€uncle,€testified€he€lived€in€theÐ  Ðsame€neighborhood€as€the€Defendant.€€Stone€testified€that€he€saw€the€victim€on€a€daily€basis.€€StoneÐ k Ðbelieved€that€the€Defendant€should€be€placed€in€a€hospital.€€€€€€€Ð Uð ÐÌà@ŠŠ$ìàII.€ANALYSISˆÐ )Ä ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€insufficient€evidence€was€presented€at€trial€to€convict€him€of€firstÐ ý˜ Ðdegree€murder.€€Ô‡Xè°XXXbXÔWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€courtððsÐ ç‚ Ðstandard€of€review€is€whether,€after€considering€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ Õp Ðprosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ Á \ Ða€reasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324€(1979);€òòStateÐ ­!H  Ðv.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985).€€This€rule€applies€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€directÐ ™"4! Ðevidence,€circumstantial€evidence,€or€a€combination€of€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€Ð …# " ÐòòState€v.€Pendergrassóó,€13€S.W.3d€389,€392„93€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).Ð q$ # ÐÌà  àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€Court€should€not€re„weigh€or€re„evaluateÐ I&ä!% Ðthe€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Nor€may€thisÐ 5'Ð"& ÐCourt€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€trier€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Buggsóó,Ð !(¼#' Ð995€S.W.2d€102,€105€(Tenn.€1999);€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(Tenn.€1956)òòóó.€€QuestionsÐ  )¨$( Ðconcerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€allÐ ù)”%) Ðfactual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòLiakasóó,€286€S.W.2d€at€859.òòóó€Ð å*€&* ÐòòóóThis€Court€must€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidenceÐ Ñ+l'+ Ðcontained€in€the€record,€as€well€as€all€reasonable€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€Ð e ÐòòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€against€a€defendantÐ Qì Ðremoves€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convicted€criminalÐ =Ø Ðdefendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustain€a€guiltyÐ )Ä Ðverdict.€€òòId.óó€Ô#†XbXXXXè°Ba#ÔÐ ° ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€he€should€have€been€found€not€guilty€by€reason€of€insanity.€€TheÐ ë † Ðcurrent€insanity€statute€provides:Ð Õ p Ðà8  àIt€is€an€affirmative€defense€to€prosecution€that,€at€the€time€of€the€commission€of€theÐ ¿ Z Ðacts€constituting€the€offense,€the€defendant,€as€a€result€of€a€severe€mental€disease€orÐ © D  Ðdefect,€was€unable€to€appreciate€the€nature€or€wrongfulness€of€such€defendantððs€acts.€Ð “ .  ÐMental€disease€or€defect€does€not€otherwise€constitute€a€defense.€€The€defendant€hasÐ }  Ðthe€burden€of€proving€the€defense€of€insanity€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€Ðg Ð Ð  ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„501(a);€òòseeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Holderóó,€15€S.W.3d€905,€911€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð Qì  Ð1999)€(stating€that€the€burden€of€proof€is€on€the€defendant€to€prove€insanity€by€clear€and€convincingÐ ;Ö  Ðevidence).€€ð ðClear€and€convincing€evidence€means€evidence€in€which€there€is€no€serious€orÐ %À  Ðsubstantial€doubt€about€the€correctness€of€the€conclusions€drawn€from€the€evidence.ðð€€òòHodges€v.€S.Ð ª ÐC.€Toof€&€Co.óó,€833€S.W.2d€896,€901€n.2€(Tenn.€1992).€€ð ðIn€determining€the€defendantððs€mentalÐ ù” Ðstatus€at€the€time€of€the€alleged€crime,€the€trier€of€fact€may€look€to€the€evidence€of€his€actions€andÐ ã~ Ðwords€before,€at,€and€immediately€after€the€commission€of€the€offense.ðð€€òòHolderóó,€15€S.W.3d€at€912.€Ð Íh ÐThe€trier€of€fact€may€consider€both€lay€and€expert€testimony€and€may€discount€expert€testimonyÐ ·R Ðwhich€it€finds€to€be€in€conflict€with€the€facts€of€the€case.€€òòState€v.€Sparksóó,€891€S.W.2d€607,€616Ð ¡< Ð(Tenn.€1995);€òòState€v.€Jacksonóó,€890€S.W.2d€436,€440€(Tenn.€1994).Ð ‹& ÐÌà  àIn€denying€the€Defendantððs€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€trial€court€made€the€followingÐ _ú Ðfindings:Ð Iä Ðà8  àThe€[D]efendant€presented€two€expert€witnesses€in€support€of€[the€insanity]€defense:Ð 3Î ÐDr.€Ann€Quinn€Ô_ÔPhyferÔ_Ô,€a€forensic€psychologist,€and€Dr.€David€R.€Richie,€a€forensicÐ ¸ Ðexaminer€with€a€specialty€in€psychology.€€They€established€that€the€[D]efendant€wasÐ ¢ Ðgrossly€or€severely€psychotic,€was€afflicted€with€catatonic€and€paranoidÐ ñŒ Ðschizophrenia€and€suffered€from€delusions.€€These€witnesses€were€of€the€firm€opinionÐ Ûv Ðthat€absent€a€miracle€drug€the€defendant€would€never€be€able€to€function€outside€ofÐ Å ` Ða€highly€structured,€secure,€inpatient€facility.€€The€[Ô_ÔS]tateÔ_Ô€produced€no€evidence€ofÐ ¯!J  Ðsanity€or€elicited€such€evidence€from€these€witnesses€on€cross€examination.€€TheÐ ™"4! Ð[D]efendant€did€not€testify.€€Ðƒ#"Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€trial€court€further€noted€that€it€ð ðis€a€gross€understatement€to€say€this€case€has€not€troubled€theÐ W%ò $ Ðcourt.ðð€€The€trial€court€stated€that€ð ðthis€[D]efendant€should€be€incarcerated€in€a€mental€institution€andÐ A&Ü!% Ðafforded€whatever€treatment€is€available€now€or€in€the€future€and€not€simply€housed€in€aÐ +'Æ"& Ðpenitentiary.ðð€€Ð (°#' ÐÌà  àAfter€a€thorough€review€of€the€record,€we€conclude€that€the€Defendant€proved€by€clear€andÐ é)„%) Ðconvincing€evidence€that€he€was€insane€at€the€time€of€the€offense.€€The€record€is€virtually€void€of€anyÐ Ó*n&* Ðevidence€that€the€Defendant€was€sane€at€the€time€of€the€stabbing.€€It€is€undisputed€that€the€DefendantÐ ½+X'+ Ðwas€hospitalized€for€mental€illness€on€several€occasions€before€his€arrest€in€this€case.€€Furthermore,Ð e Ðtwo€qualified€mental€health€professionals€gave€uncontroverted€and€Ô_ÔunimpeachedÔ_Ô€testimonyÐ Oê Ðindicating€that€the€Defendant€was€unable€to€appreciate€the€wrongfulness€of€his€acts€at€the€time€of€theÐ 9Ô Ðcrime€as€a€result€of€a€severe€mental€disease€or€defect.€€Our€review€reveals€neither€sufficient€layÐ #¾ Ðtestimony€nor€sufficient€expert€testimony€concerning€the€Defendantððs€mental€state€at€or€near€thatÐ  ¨ Ðtime€of€the€stabbing€that€would€justify€rejection€of€the€insanity€defense.€€Because€we€conclude€thatÐ ÷’ Ða€rational€trier€of€fact€could€only€find€that€the€Defendant,€at€the€time€of€the€stabbing,€was€unable€toÐ á | Ðappreciate€the€wrongfulness€of€his€act€as€a€result€of€a€severe€mental€disease,€we€find€that€the€defenseÐ Ë f Ðof€insanity€was€established€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Flakeóó,€No.€W2000„Ð µ P Ð01131„CCA„MR3„CD,€2001€Tenn.€Crim.€App.€LEXIS€517,€at€*16€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€JulyÐ Ÿ :  Ð13,€2001).€€In€reaching€our€conclusion,€we€are€mindful€that€all€factual€issues€and€the€weight€to€beÐ ‰ $  Ðgiven€evidence€are€within€the€purview€of€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòBuggsóó,€995€S.W.2d€at€105;€òòMatthewsóó,Ð s  Ð805€S.W.2d€at€779;€òòLiakasóó,€256€S.W.2d€at€859.€However,€because€we€conclude,€after€viewing€theÐ ]ø  Ðevidence€in€a€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€that€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€only€find€thatÐ Gâ  Ðinsanity€has€been€established€by€clear€and€convincing€evidence,€we€may€not€sustain€a€guilty€verdict.€Ð 1Ì  ÐòòSeeóó€òògenerallyóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòJacksonóó,€443€U.S.€at€319.€Ð ¶  ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€we€REVERSE€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court,€MODIFY€the€judgment€to€ð ðNotÐ ïŠ ÐGuilty€by€Reason€of€Insanity,ðð€and€REMAND€the€case€to€the€trial€court€for€further€proceedingsÐ Ùt Ðpursuant€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€ðð€33„7„303.€Ð Ã^ ÐÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àROBERT€W.€WEDEMEYER,€JUDGE