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S\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  &  d d)1dxd<:zTop of For7(X7    5+ ` hp x 5?%2A`Arial?  S\  `&Times New RomanS7Z(X75+ ` hp x 5  )2dxd0KS.SampleK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS0.Strong 8dl6TypewriterK<6X9`(Courier NewKS\  `&Times New RomanS42Variable: 8HTML MarkupB      2 0CommentB  $()*/045 35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1.(O$<6X9`(Courier New\  `&Times New Roman%2A`Arial Blount P.J.AngeleBerezMaryvillepresent[eds]upremec]ourtj]udgec]lerkOverturf CrimByrgeHatchettDistribLoftinLangsdonBrowdera]ction b]yDepts]tatePharrisDonnieBankstonStittsGalavinT.C.A.RishtonAkins COA  R$      1    _Additionally,thetrialcourtobservedthattherulesofcivilprocedure,notnormallyapplicableinsessionscourt,  areinforceinBlountCountySessionsCourtbywayofprivateact.Whilecitationtotheactisnotincludedintherecord, t thepartiesdonotcontesttheapplicabilityoftherules.(#$  0  3#37=CIQYag1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)i)(;3$2#  0  .3  0  !.8Kdd8     _   K8IXXdd8KKԀ@tt۬KINTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  @WW$ATKNOXVILLE#K۬,#Ԉ &    @  @` June24,2003Session L XIXK #KXXI3#STATEOFTENNESSEEv.LARRYS.REESEXIXK  J @@ AppealfromtheCircuitCourtforBlountCounty  J @@No.C13093D.KellyThomas,Jr.,Judge  6 @@*AV) ` dE<` A   @@TTNo.E200202003CCAR3CD   November14,_2003_   AV) ` dE<|` A }     Thedefendant,LarryS.Reese,wasfoundguiltyofaggravatedassaultbased,inpart,ontheviolation x  ofaprotectiveorderobtainedbythevictim,seeTenn.CodeAnn.3913102_(c_),andpublic d intoxication,seeTenn.CodeAnn.3917310.Uponfindingthattheorderofprotectionhadnot P beenservedonthedefendantpriortotheassault,thetrialcourtmodifiedtheaggravatedassault < convictiontosimpleassaultandorderedasentenceofelevenmonths,twentyninedays.Inthis (x appeal,thestateassertsthatthetrialcourterredbyreducingthedefendantsconvictiontosimple d assault.Thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed. P  Tenn.R.App.P.3;JudgmentoftheTrialCourtAffirmed  (   #KXI#XIX.KGaryR.Wade,P.J.,deliveredtheopinionofthecourt,inwhichDavidH.Welles,J.,joined.  NormaMcGeeOgle,J#KXXI#XIXK.,filedadissentingopinion.  PaulG.Summers,AttorneyGeneral&Reporter;AngeleM.Gregory,AssistantAttorneyGeneral; t andEllenBerez,AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral,fortheappellant,StateofTennessee. ` MackGarner,DistrictPublicDefender,fortheappellee,LarryS.Reese. 8!  @@OO& OPINION #KXXI #XIXK #`" #KXXI #XIXK    OnSeptember29,2000,theseventynineyearoldvictim,MarieReese,andherhusband, $8 $ BenjaminReese,whohadjustbeendiagnosedwithterminalcancer,returnedtoaresidencein %$!% Maryvillethattheysharedwiththedefendant,theiradultson.#KXXI #XIXKUpontheirarrival,theydiscovered &"& thatthedefendanthadbeendrinkingandwasinanagitatedstate.Whenthevictimaskedhimtogo '"' tohisroom,thedefendantbecameangry,forcedhertothefloor,andpulledherhair.Mr.Reese (#( intervenedandthevictimescapedtoaneighborsresidencetotelephone911. )$)   Later,thedefendantwasindictedforaggravatedassaultandpublicintoxication.The \+&+ aggravatedassaultchargewasbasedonthefollowingstatutoryprovision: H,',  4-(- _8   ` Apersoncommitsaggravatedassaultwho,afterhavingbeenenjoinedor  restrainedbyanorder,diversionorprobationagreementofacourtofcompetent  jurisdictionfrominanywaycausingorattemptingtocausebodilyinjuryorinany  waycommittingorattemptingtocommitanassaultagainstanindividualor t individuals,intentionallyorknowinglyattemptstocauseorcausesbodilyinjuryor ` commitsorattemptstocommitanassaultagainstsuchindividualorindividuals.L    Tenn.CodeAnn.3913102(c)(emphasisadded). $ t   Attrial,BrendaFlowers,anemployeeoftheBlountCountyClerk&Mastersoffice,testified  L  thatonFebruary8,2000,theGeneralSessionsCourtenteredanexparteorderofprotection  8  prohibitingthedefendantfromanycontactwiththevictim,directorindirect.Theorder,whichwas $  personallyservedonthedefendanttwodayslater,setthematterforhearingandincludedan   admonitionthatthefailuretoappearwouldresultinadefaultjudgment.Whenthedefendantdid   notappearatthehearing,thecourtissuedanorderofprotectionallowingsocialcontactwiththe   victimonlysolongasthedefendant present[ed]himselfinapeacefulandsobermanner.The   orderwasnotservedonthedefendantuntilOctober6,2000,oneweekaftertheSeptember29th p assault. \   Thefactsrelatingtotheprotectiveorderproceedingswererelativelyundisputedattrial.At 4 theconclusionoftheproceeding,thejuryreachedaverdictofguiltastobothchargesagainstthe  p defendant.Afterahearingonthedefendantsmotionfornewtrial,however,thetrialcourtruledthat  \ theevidencewasinsufficienttosupporttheaggravatedassaultverdictbecausethestatehadfailed H toprovethattheprotectiveorderwasvalid: 4 8   ` Thenthe...issuewaswhetherornotthestatutewassatisfiedtoelevatea   simpleassaulttoanaggravatedassaultorfelony.Forthattohappen,theevidence  hadtoestablishthat[thedefendant]committedanassault,afterhavingbeenenjoined  orrestrainedbyanorder.Andthat,inmyopinion,iswheretheprooffails.   8   ` Our[s]upreme[c]ourthassetoutrulesofcivilprocedurethathavetobe l followedinallcourts....AndthatswhatourSessionsCourtdoesunderaprivate X  act....D!   8   ` Andthe[s]upremecourtsays,inRule58,for...thisorderofprotection.. 0"  .whichisacivilorder,tobeeffectivelyenteredithastobearthesignaturesofthe #l! [j]udge,allthepartiesinvolved,orthelawyers.Therewerenolawyershere,which $X" ispartofourproblem.Oracertificatebythe[c]lerksimplystatingthatacopyofthis $D # judgmenthasbeensenttoallparties.%0!$   8   ` Andthatjustplainlywasntdone....So,therefore,thisorderofprotection &"% wasnotentered,itwasnoteffective,andsounderthestatutehehadnotbeen '#& enjoinedasrequiredtomakethismisdemeanorsimpleassaultanaggravatedassault.(#'   8   ` Andthisisntpeculiar.Itsthesamesituationinhabitualmotorvehicle )$(  offendercases.Ifanorderdeclaringapersonanhabitualoffenderhasntbeen |*%) effectivelyentered,evenunderadefaultjudgment,thenapersoncantbeprosecuted  forviolatingit.    (Emphasisadded).Thetrialcourtenteredajudgmentonthelesserincludedoffenseofsimple t assaultandsetthedefendantssentenceatelevenmonths,twentyninedays. `   Inthisappeal,thestateassertsthatthetrialcourterredbygrantingthedefendantapost 8  verdictmotionforjudgmentofacquittalastotheaggravatedassaultcharge.SeeTenn.R.Crim.P. $ t 29( The[s]tateshallhavetherightofappealwherethe[c]ourtsetsasideaverdictofguiltyand  ` entersajudgmentofacquittal.)Rule29oftheTennesseeRulesofCriminalProcedureempowers  L  thetrialjudgetodirectajudgmentofacquittalwhentheevidenceisinsufficienttowarranta  8  convictioneitheratthetimethestaterestsorattheconclusionofalltheevidence.Overturfv.State, $  571S.W.2d837(Tenn.1978).Atthepointthemotionismade,thetrialcourtmustfavorthe   opponentofthemotionwiththestrongestlegitimateviewoftheevidence,includingallreasonable   inferences,anddiscardanycountervailingevidence.Hillv.State,470S.W.2d853(Tenn.Crim.   App.1971).Thestandardbywhichthetrialcourtdeterminesamotionforjudgmentofacquittalat   thattimeis,inessence,thesamestandardwhichappliesonappealindeterminingthesufficiency p oftheevidenceafteraconviction.Thatis, whether,afterreviewingtheevidenceinthelightmost \ favorabletotheprosecution,anyrationaltrieroffactcouldhavefoundtheessentialelementsofthe H crimebeyondareasonabledoubt.Tenn.R.App.P.13(e);Jacksonv.Virginia,443U.S.307 4 (1979).  p   Inourview,thetrialcourtproperlymodifiedthedefendantsconvictionforaggravated H assaulttosimpleassault.Althoughsubjecttocriminalenforcement,seeTenn.CodeAnn.363 4 610,protectiveorderproceedingsarecivilinnatureandaregovernedbytherulesofcivilprocedure,   seeCollinsv.Pharris,No.M199900588COAR3CV(Tenn.Ct.App.,M.S.,March7,2001)   (statingthattheTennesseeRulesofCivilProcedureapplyinageneralsessionscourtissuingor  denyingordersofprotection);Statev.JosephD.Gray,No.M199800256CCAR3CD(Tenn.  Crim.App.,atNashville,Dec.20,1999)( Domesticabusestatutesarecivilandprotectiverather  thancriminalandpunitiveinnature....). #  1      ׀RuleofCivilProcedure58,whichgovernsentryof l judgments,providesinpertinentpartasfollows: X  8   ` Entryofajudgmentoranorderoffinaldispositioniseffectivewhena 0"  judgmentcontainingoneofthefollowingismarkedonthefacebytheclerkasfiled #l! forentry:$X"   8   ` (1)thesignaturesofthejudgeandallpartiesorcounsel,or$D #   8   ` (2)thesignaturesofthejudgeandonepartyorcounselwithacertificateof %0!$ counselthatacopyoftheproposedorderhasbeenservedonallotherpartiesor &"% counsel,or'#&   8   ` (3)thesignatureofthejudgeandacertificateoftheclerkthatacopyhasbeen  servedonallotherpartiesorcounsel.   Tenn.R.Civ.P.58.Becausetheprotectiveorderenteredbythesessionscourtwassignedbyneither t thedefendantnorhiscounselandbecauseitwasnotservedonthedefendant,eitherpersonallyor ` bymail,priortotheassault,itlackedanyeffectivenessunderthetermsoftherule. L    Thiscourthasaddressedthisissueinmotorvehiclehabitualoffendercases.InStatev. $ t DonnieM.Jacks,No.03C019108CR00256(Tenn.Crim.App.,atKnoxville,Apr.28,1992),the  ` stateobtainedadefaultjudgmentdeclaringthedefendantamotorvehiclehabitualoffender.  L  Althoughthedefendanthadappearedinopencourtforthehearing,hehadnotretainedcounsel,had  8  notfiledananswer,andhadnotcontestedtheproof.Later,hewasarrestedforviolatingtheterms $  ofthehabitualoffenderorder.Thedefendantthensoughttodismisstheindictmentandsetasidethe   judgment.Thetrialcourtdeniedtherequest.Onappeal,thiscourtreversed,holdingthatbecause   therewasalackofcompliancewithTennesseeRuleofCivilProcedure58,thejudgmentwas   ineffective:   8   ` AproceedingundertheMotorVehicleHabitualOffendersActiscivilin \ natureandisgovernedbytheTennesseeRulesofCivilProcedure....H   @bb*** 4 8   ` Thedefaultjudgmentinthiscasewasnotsignedbytheappellant.Noris  p thereacertificationbythecourtclerkorcounselforthestateshowingthatacopy  \ wasservedontheappellant.Asaresultofthisomission,thejudgmentwasnever H properlyenteredandwasnotineffectwhentheappellantwasarrested....4   DonnieM.Jacks,slipopat2;seealsoStatev.Malady,952S.W.2d440,443(Tenn.Crim.App.   1996)(remandingforreentryofhabitualmotorvehicleoffenderjudgmentincompliancewith  TennesseeRuleofCivilProcedure58);Bankstonv.State,815S.W.2d213(Tenn.Crim.App.1991)  (holdingthatproceedingsundertheMotorVehicleHabitualOffenderActarecivilratherthan  criminalinnature). l   Inourview,thecircumstancesofthiscaseareanalogoustothoseinJacks.Thedefendant D! wasnotservedwiththeprotectiveorderformingthebasisfortheenhancedchargeuntilafterthe 0"  assaultonthevictim.AreturnofservicedatedMarch6,2000,indicatedthat thedefendantwas #l! nottobefoundinBlountCounty.BynotationdatedAugust21,2000,therecordestablishesthat $X" theorderofprotectionwasreturnedunserved.Therewasnoattempttoservetheorderbymail.In $D # summary,becausetheorderdidnotcomplywithcivilprocedurerule58,itcouldnotenhancethe %0!$ chargefromsimpletoaggravatedassault. &"%   Thestatearguesthatthelanguageoftheapplicablestatuteisbroadenoughtoapplyat (#' anytimeafteradefendanthasbeenrestrainedbyaprotectiveorder,whetherenteredexparteorafter )$( ahearingonthemerits.Inmattersofstatutoryconstruction,theroleofthiscourtistoascertainand |*%) giveeffecttotheintentofthelegislature.Statev.Williams,623S.W.2d121,124(Tenn.Crim. h+&* App.1981).Unlessambiguityrequiresresortelsewheretoascertainlegislativeintent,judicial  interpretationofastatuteisrestrictedtothenaturalandordinarymeaningofthelanguageused.  RoddyMfg.Co.v.Olsen,661S.W.2d868,871(Tenn.1983). Legislativeenactmentsmustbe  interpretedintheirnaturalandordinarysensewithoutaforcedconstructiontoeitherlimitorexpand t theirmeaning.Statev.Thomas,635S.W.2d114,116(Tenn.1982). Courtsmustconstrue ` statutesasawholeandinconjunctionwiththeirsurroundingpartsandtheirinterpretationshould L  beconsistentwiththeirlegislativepurposes.Statev.Turner,913S.W.2d158,160(Tenn.1995). 8  Themeaningofastatuteistobedeterminednotfromspecificwordsinasinglesentenceorsection $ t butfromtheactinitsentiretyinlightofthegeneralpurposeofthelegislation;anyinterpretation  ` shouldexpresstheintentandpurposeofthelegislation.NationalGasDistrib.,Inc.v.State,804  L  S.W.2d66,67(Tenn.1991);Loftinv.Langsdon,813S.W.2d475,47879(Tenn.Ct.App.1991).  8   Thecardinalruleofstatutoryconstructionistoeffectuatelegislativeintent,withallrulesof $  constructionbeing[aids]tothatend.Browderv.Morris,975S.W.2d308,311(Tenn.1998).     Itisourviewthattheaggravatedassaultstatutewasintendedtoapplytothosedefendants   actuallysubjecttoaprotectiveorderatthetimeoftheoffense.Thestatutorytermsestablishthat   assaultbecomesaggravatedwhenthedefendanthaspreviously beenenjoinedorrestrainedbyan p order,diversionorprobationagreementofacourtofcompetentjurisdictionfrominanywaycausing \ orattemptingtocausebodilyinjuryorinanywaycommittingorattemptingtocommitanassault H againstanindividualorindividuals....Tenn.CodeAnn.3913102(c). 4   Althoughthiscourthasnotaddressedthisparticularissue,severalofourdecisionssuggest  \ thattheprotectiveordermustbeinexistenceatthetimeofanassaultforittobecomeaggravated. H See,e.g.,Statev.MichaelJohnStitts,No.W200102555CCAR3CD(Tenn.Crim.App.,at 4 Jackson,Jan.10,2003)( Thedefendantwasindictedfor...aggravatedassaultwhileenjoinedby   anorderofprotection....);Statev.TimothyScottGalavin,No.01C019401CC00027(Tenn.   Crim.App.,atNashville,Sept.15,1994)( ThedefendantwasconvictedunderT.C.A.3913102  (a)(3)XIXXXIԀwhichprovidesthatapersoncommitsaggravatedassaultwho,whileenjoinedbylawfulcourt  order....).Thepositionofthestateisthatthestatuteissobroadthatitwouldapplytoany  defendantwhohadeverbeensubjecttoanexparteprotectiveorder,evenifthesubsequenthearing l hadledtoadismissaloftheproceedings.ItisunlikelythattheGeneralAssemblyintendedsucha X  result.Thiscourtisrequiredtoconstruestatutesinareasonableandlogicalfashion.Statev.Ralph, D! 6S.W.3d251,256(Tenn.1999).Itisourviewthatthelegislaturecontemplatedtheexistenceof 0"  avalidlyenteredorderofrestraintcompliantwiththerulesofprocedurepriortothefelony #l! enhancement. $X"   Thestatealsocontendsthateventhoughtheorderhadnotbeenservedonthedefendantprior %0!$ totheassault,hehadnoticeofitsentrybyvirtueoftheproperlyservedexparteorder,which &"% containedthefollowingnotice: '#& #XIXXXI%K#8  YouaretoappearinBlountCountyGeneralSessionsCourt,Courthouse,onFeb.28, )$( 2000at9:00a.m.toanswerthispetition.Youareentitledtoanattorneyatthe |*%) hearing.Yourfailuretoappearincourtwillresultinjudgmentbeingrendered h+&* againstyou.Ifyouwanttoexplainyourside,beincourt.OTHERWISE,thecase  willbedecidedonlyonPetitionerstestimony.   Inourview,thisnoticewasinsufficientforpurposesofestablishingknowledgeofaprotectiveorder t thatwouldresultinapplicationofthestatute.Althoughthenoticepurportstoinformthedefendant ` thatadefaultjudgmentwillbetakenagainsthimforfailuretoappear,thestatementthat thecase L  willbedecidedonlyonPetitionerstestimonyXIXXXIisnotnecessarilyindicativeofanadverse 8  determination.Moreover,thestatutespecificallyrequiresthattheorderineffectrestrainthe $ t defendant frominanyway#XIXXXIS#causingorattemptingtocausebodilyinjuryorinanywaycommitting  ` orattemptingtocommitanassaultagainstanindividual.Tenn.CodeXIXXXIԀAnn.#XIXXXIlU#3913102(c)  L  (emphasisadded).Inthiscase,theprotectiveorderenteredbythesessionscourtXIXXXIenjoinedthe  8  defendantonlyfromcontactwiththevictimwhenhewasnotactingin apeacefulandsober $  manner.Thus,itisarguablethattheorderwouldnothavesatisfiedthestatutorytermsevenif   properlyservedonthedefendant.     Finally,thestateassertsthatthespecificstatutoryprotectiveorderprovisions trumpthe   generalrequirementsofRuleofCivilProcedure58.#XIXXXI.V#SeeMartinv.LearCorp.,90S.W.3d626,629 p (Tenn.2002).Itisourassessmentthatthestatuteandtherulesarenotinconflict.TennesseeCode \ Annotatedsection363609requiresthatcopiesofanorderofprotectionbeissuedto thepetitioner, H therespondent,andthelocallawenforcementagencieshavingjurisdiction.Therequirementsof 4 Rule58,likewise,aredesignedtoensureserviceofajudgmentorfinalordersothattheparties  p subjecttheretowillbeawareofitsexistence.SeeMastersexrel.Mastersv.Rishton,863S.W.2d  \ 702(Tenn.Ct.App.1992).Thiscourtmustinterpretstatutesonthesamesubjectsothatthey H operateinharmonyratherthanconflictwithoneanother.InreAkins,87S.W.3d488,493(Tenn. 4 2002).     Accordingly,thejudgmentofthetrialcourtisaffirmed.     `     h     ___________________________________ X     `     h     GARYR.WADE,PRESIDINGJUDGE