ÿWPC3 Ž·‹ªÃöEÐØ7œó¨âm»ÞÞš¦Ž{åú7ÉpüEÒغ}åh 0Vî…ÞmÜpÞh9Hí›&íÓòÈ™ÅD¡Ïĵ‹ð‡(`ûX|¯_!=‚snµ¥€ÀMfO·Cù; »ÉŠcÚ”XkÀÓøãq ("?Ô«>:¶ß’Õø¹Þ)ú}Œ¹_ßè¢tgºQµ(ã«9);l „a{õŠ ß‚ œ(EÙ£¾BìÙÍâÛN|sHùÆÕ±f_„H2±î¢ÌEü½Ï7د™»k˪Æ­|õ¼€Y &§`é¬HSQo›uáÀ‚ÞðÓ ç†¹{YLÙü˜÷”ìCX¯bèZ×f®ÝZYÝx§ƒ•#È·Ã3óâfFÒ²‰Ê)ÞìrÑù>¿„@nÒÝ(™¸¶ÿ˜†RvÕ¶R}Ö80åIï‚bbÄe«Øû¿~°i2Q·¬1U×0oºˆ…PÜÚ¾Ö ¸"¡[ßm;'å Ë“¾^á¦0±l³¾ßb6ø¸{E^Ç¥±¼Îi±õG,š÷‘O1+ìükÜïØc+Ø®q΂ôñëX8¥ó¨VWÉ°Yuº²Aú®ö^£6\òb!f |ÔY "0òp©%•y"§ã~q¥#É_ %ÏaU!NÕa 0ˆ#bUYN«b 0 Dùb^ =c zIcÒÃcU>•d}ÓdäPgÜ4iÆkÆÖkÆœlÆbmn(nN–o (˜oU@ÀoEpwp4pp)p„+p m¯r$ÆrêrsvvpySs{UFÆŒ ‚ ‚˜…´†ЇЇЇЇЇЇbìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆìˆ 0 ëôˆôˆôˆôˆ B߉߉ 0¤ü‰ D5 Š D-ÕŠ 0K‹‹ ASM‹Æ ‹ 0¤fŒ 0D A«NNNNNNNNNNNN 2ùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùùÊ+Ž .õŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽõŽ 2##### ,UUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUUU 2 2³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³³ 0 Nå˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL6ÒV,,,,ÒV0»(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman Regular(`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó)/Ï  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptô\  `‹&Times New Roman sÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔLarry€Bryant,€Director€of€Montgomery€County€911€Emergency€Operations,€testified€at€trial€and€confirmed€thatÐ ° ÐCraig€Mace€made€3€calls€to€911€on€April€23,€1997,€beginning€at€10:25€p.m.€€According€to€Mr.€Bryant,€the€first€policeÐ qÁ Ðunit€was€dispatched€at€10:49€p.m.€€Mr.€Bryant€explained€there€was€a€delay€in€dispatching€a€unit€due€to€heavy€volumeÐ 2‚ Ðthat€night€and€the€operatorððs€difficulty€understanding€Craig€Maceððs€call€from€a€cell€phone.€€€ ÚÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€evidence€seized€from€appellantððs€car€and€home€and€the€samples€taken€from€appellantððs€person,€which€wereÐ ° Ðultimately€used€in€the€trial€at€issue,€were€seized€as€a€result€of€the€investigation€of€the€Captain€Dððs€murders€in€NashvilleÐ qÁ Ðand€were€introduced€as€evidence€in€the€Captain€Dððs€murder€trial. ÒÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔDr.€Auble€testified€and€her€report€actually€states€that€the€appellant€advised€her€that€he€had€been€underÐ ° Ðsurveillance€by€a€ð ðmimeticðð€field.€€However,€Dr.€Auble€explained€that€Dr.€Amador€had€advised€her€that€appellant€wasÐ qÁ Ðreferring€to€a€magnetic€field€and€she€had€simply€misunderstood€appellant.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 dÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔOn€appeal€of€his€convictions€in€the€Captain€Dððs€murders,€appellant€did€not€challenge€warrant€145,€authorizingÐ ° Ðthe€search€of€his€car,€but€the€Supreme€Courtððs€analysis€is€equally€applicable€to€warrant€145.€Document1zzHN_F10(@øÐ Z‹(Times New Roman lk.3|x? zÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú5Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAppellant€bases€his€argument€in€part€on€the€fact€that€our€supreme€courtððs€decision€in€òòDellingeróó€was€called€intoÐ ° Ðquestion€because€òòDellingeróó€relied€in€part€on€òòWalton€v.€Arizonaóó,€110€U.S.€3047€(1990),€which€was€overruled€by€òòRingóó.€Ð qÁ ÐHowever,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€denied€certiorari€in€òòDellingeróó€in€December€of€2002,€and€our€supreme€courtÐ 2‚ Ðhas€not€yet€overruled€òòÔ_ÔDellingerÔ_Ôóó.€€ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀDocument1zzHN_B10 Ñ | Ñ ƒÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú6Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€issue€of€which€party€bears€the€burden€of€proof€at€a€competency€hearing€is€in€dispute€in€this€case.€Ð ° ÐAppellant€contends€that€the€State€bears€the€burden€of€proving€that€a€defendant€is€competent€to€stand€trial.€€To€supportÐ qÁ Ðthis€argument,€appellant€cites€to€òòBlackóó,€815€S.W.2d€at€174.€€However,€a€review€of€òòBlackóó€reveals€that€the€supreme€courtÐ 2‚ Ðmerely€quotes€a€jury€instruction€by€a€trial€court,€which€stated€that€the€State€bore€the€burden€of€proof€to€prove€competencyÐ óC Ðto€stand€trial€once€the€issue€of€competency€was€asserted,€rather€than€affirmatively€adopting€this€standard€as€bindingÐ ´ Ðprecedent€in€Tennessee.€€This€issue€is€analyzed€in€more€detail€òòinfraóó.€ lÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú7Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAt€the€time€òòJordanóó€was€decided,€the€term€present€insanity€was€used€rather€than€competency.€€The€test€forÐ ° Ðpresent€insanity€was€whether€the€defendant€was€of€sufficient€mental€capacity€to€give€sane€advice€to€his€counsel€involvingÐ qÁ Ðthe€charge€in€the€indictment.€òòóó€òòJordanóó,€135€S.W.€at€328.€€The€jury€charge€in€òòJordanóó€related€to€the€issue€of€competency€toÐ 2‚ Ðstand€trial€as€opposed€to€insanity€at€the€time€of€the€offense. fÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú8Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAlthough€having€no€bearing€on€the€case€herein,€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€submitted€a€proposedÐ ° Ðamendment€to€Rule€613(b)€on€January€31,€2003,€to€add€the€words€ð ðand€untilðð€after€the€word€ð ðunlessðð€in€order€toÐ qÁ Ðincorporate€the€holding€in€òòState€v.€Martinóó,€964€S.W.2d€564€(Tenn.€1998).€€The€amendment€was€ratified€and€approvedÐ 2‚ Ðby€2003€House€Resolution€22€and€Senate€Resolution€10€and€became€effective€July€1,€2003.€€ IÝ ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú9Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAmong€other€things,€appellant€challenges:€(1)€the€Stateððs€reference€to€the€DNA€database€as€ð ðbig,€hugeðð€asÐ ° Ðmisleading€to€the€jury;€(2)€the€implication€by€the€State€that€appellant€had€committed€other€murders€by€referring€to€theÐ qÁ Ðmurders€in€ð ðthis€countyðð€and€ð ðour€county;ðð€(3)€the€implication€by€the€State€that€appellant€failed€to€testify;€(4)€the€StateððsÐ 2‚ Ðreference€to€the€donor€of€blood€on€the€shoes€of€appellant€as€belonging€to€the€victims;€(5)€the€Stateððs€reference€to€latexÐ óC Ðgloves€that€were€found€at€the€crime€scene€and€their€connection€with€appellant;€and€(6)€the€Stateððs€ð ðbank€of€justiceÐ ´ Ðanalogyðð€in€closing€argument€that€indicated€it€was€the€juryððs€civic€duty€to€find€appellant€guilty.€€Appellant€failed€to€makeÐ uÅ Ðobjections€to€these€alleged€instances€of€prosecutorial€misconduct€at€trial.€€Appellantððs€failure€to€object€constitutes€waiverÐ 6 † Ðof€these€issues€on€appeal.€òòóó€òòState€v.€Thorntonóó,€10€S.W.3d€229,€234€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999)€(citing€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ð ÷ G Ð36(a));€òòState€v.€Greenóó,€974€S.W.2d€186,€188€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997);€òòLittleóó,€854€S.W.2d€at€651€(holding€that€failureÐ ¸  Ðto€object€to€prosecutorððs€alleged€misconduct€during€closing€argument€waives€later€complaint).€€Accordingly,€these€issuesÐ y É  Ðare€without€merit.€€´¾½Q 9Z+‹.Courier New Regular ‚Ý ƒR9µ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú10Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔAmong€other€things,€appellant€challenges:€(1)€the€Stateððs€reference€to€Angela€Holmesððs€thoughts€as€she€layÐ ° Ðdying;€(2)€the€Stateððs€action€of€throwing€dollar€bills€on€the€overhead€projector€which€displayed€the€pictures€of€the€victimÐ qÁ Ðduring€closing€argument€as€appealing€to€the€passion€of€the€jury;€and€(3)€the€Stateððs€placement€of€the€victimððs€photographsÐ 2‚ Ðon€the€overhead€projector.€€Again,€appellant€failed€to€object€to€these€actions€and€statements€during€the€prosecutorððsÐ óC Ðclosing.€€Therefore,€they€are€waived.€€òòSeeóó€òòThorntonóó,€10€S.W.3d€at€234€(citing€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a));€òòGreenóó,€974Ð ´ ÐS.W.2d€at€188;€òòLittleóó,€854€S.W.2d€at€651.€€http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=++++1.0&vr=2.0&DB=713&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1993114512&ReferencePosition=651http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=++++1.0&vr=2.0&DB=713&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1993114512&ReferencePosition=651http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=++++1.0&vr=2.0&DB=713&FindType=Y&ReferencePositionType=S&SerialNum=1993114512&ReferencePosition=651- ù-(|G29µ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€›ù»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ô®Lò»»Ô d(|3ÿ%$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€›ù»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3ÿ%$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€›ù»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKDocument1zzSDUNumber19http://www.westlaw.com/Find/Default.wl?rs=++++1.0&vr=2.0&DB=1000039&DocName=TNSTS24-7-117&FindType=LDocument1zzFN_B01313Document1zzSDUNumber84Document1zzFN_F0044Document1zzSDUNumber87Document1zzSDUNumber94(ÍO$——ÔÿÔòòóóÔÿÔÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€›ù»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼›ù»»»ÔÑ8€Æ·XXdé»»d8ÑрߚÑà@hhìàÔ‡î`¦î»¼›ùÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@gg$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼›ù»îî`¦#ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  ÓOctober€14,€2003€SessionÐ öF ÐÔ‡XÆ·X»¼›ùÔÌò òÔ#†¼›ù»XXÆ·#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€PAUL€DENNIS€REID,€JR.òòóóÔ‡XÆ·X»¼›ùÔó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Montgomery€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€38887€€€€€John€H.€Ô_ÔGasawayÔ_Ô,€III,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M2001„02753„CCA„R3„DD€„€Filed€December€29,€Ô_Ô2003Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡X7ÖXXXÆ·ÔThe€appellant,€Paul€Dennis€Reid,€Jr.,€was€found€guilty€by€a€jury€of€two€counts€of€premeditatedÐ V¦  Ðmurder,€two€counts€of€felony€murder,€two€counts€of€especially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,€and€one€countÐ ? Ðof€especially€aggravated€robbery.€€The€felony€murder€convictions€were€merged€into€the€premeditatedÐ (x Ðmurder€convictions.€€Thereafter,€the€jury€sentenced€the€appellant€to€death€based€upon€the€existenceÐ a Ðof€three€aggravating€circumstances:€the€appellant€had€previously€been€convicted€of€one€or€moreÐ úJ Ðfelonies,€other€than€the€present€charge,€the€statutory€elements€of€which€involve€the€use€of€violenceÐ ã3 Ðto€the€person;€the€murders€were€committed€for€the€purpose€of€avoiding,€interfering€with€orÐ Ì Ðpreventing€a€lawful€arrest€or€prosecution€of€defendant€or€another;€and€the€murder€was€especiallyÐ µ Ðheinous,€atrocious,€or€cruel€in€that€it€involved€torture€or€serious€physical€abuse€beyond€thatÐ žî Ðnecessary€to€produce€death.ò ò€€ó óThe€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€violent€offender€to€twenty„Ð ‡× Ðfive€years€imprisonment€for€especially€aggravated€robbery€and€especially€aggravated€Ô_ÔkidnappingÔ_Ô,Ð sà Ðto€run€consecutively€to€his€sentences€for€first€degree€murder€and€to€a€prior€out„of„state€sentence.ò ò€€ó óOnÐ \¬ Ðappeal,€appellant€presents€forty„five€issues.€€After€an€extensive€review€of€the€record€and€theÐ H˜ Ðapplicable€law,€we€find€that€none€of€these€issues€warrants€a€reversal€of€this€case.€€Therefore,€theÐ 1 Ðjudgments€of€the€trial€court€are€AFFIRMED.€€ò òó óÔ#†XÆ·XXX7Öä#ÔÔ#†¼›ù»XXÆ·Œ#ÔÔ‡XÆ·X»¼›ùÔÐ j ÐÓØÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Trial€Court€is€Affirmed.ó óÐ ì <  ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼›ù»àXÆ·8 #ÔÔ‡XÆ·X.¼›ùÔJerry€L.€Smith,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayes€óóand€òòThomas€T.Ð ¿"" ÐÔ_ÔWoodallÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ¨#ø# ÐÌJames€A.€Simmons€and€Thomas€F.€Bloom,€Nashville,€Tennessee€for€the€appellant,€Paul€Dennis€Reid,Ð z%Ê % ÐJr.Ð c&³!& ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Michael€E.€Moore,€Solicitor€General;€Mark€E.Ð 5(…#( ÐDavidson,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€Victor€S.€Johnson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Arthur€F.Ð )n$) ÐÔ_ÔBieberÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð *W%* ÐÌÌÌÓë ÓÐ «-û(.ý ÐÔ_Ôà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼›ù»XXÆ· #ÔÔ‡XÆ·X»¼›ùÔÐ ° ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼›ù»XXÆ·|#ÔÔ‡XÆ·X»¼›ùÔÓ  ÓòòÔ‡X7ÖXXXÆ·Ôà@ìì*ìàˆÌóóà@ìì*ìàˆÌÓÓà@!ìàò òòòFactual€BackgroundóóˆÐ U¥ ÐÌó óÓÓà  àOn€April€23,€1997,€twenty„one€year„old€Angela€Holmes€and€sixteen„year„old€Michelle€MaceÐ ý M Ðwere€abducted€and€murdered€while€working€at€the€Baskin„Robbins€ice€cream€store€on€WilmaÐ æ 6  ÐRudolph€Boulevard€in€Clarksville,€Tennessee.€€Both€Ms.€Holmesððs€and€Ms.€Maceððs€bodies€wereÐ Ï   Ðfound€the€following€morning€at€the€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park€in€Clarksville.€€Appellant€was€indictedÐ ¸  Ðfor€the€kidnapping€and€murders€of€Ms.€Holmes€and€Ms.€Mace€on€June€25,€1997.€€Prior€to€the€returnÐ ¡ñ  Ðof€the€indictments€in€this€case,€the€appellant€was€charged€with€committing€robbery€and€murder€atÐ ŠÚ  Ða€Captain€Dððs€restaurant€and€a€McDonaldððs€restaurant€in€Nashville.€€€Appellant€was€convicted€of€theÐ sà  Ðmurders€at€the€Captain€Dððs€restaurant€and€sentenced€to€death€prior€to€the€trial€in€this€case.€Ð \¬  ÐAppellantððs€convictions€and€death€sentences€for€these€murders€have€been€affirmed€by€the€SupremeÐ E• ÐCourt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Reidóó,€91€S.W.3d€247€(Tenn.€2002).€ò òÐ .~ Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌòòÓ  ÓCompetency€PhaseóóÐ Q ÐÓSÓà  àà ` àà ¸ àÌó óà  àOn€September€3,€1999,€eight€days€prior€to€trial,€appellant€filed€a€motion€for€the€judicialÐ Õ% Ðdetermination€of€his€competency€to€stand€trial.€€In€support€of€his€motion,€appellant€filed€the€affidavitÐ ¾ Ðof€his€minister,€Rev.€Joe€Ingle,€and€the€opinions€of€psychologists€Dr.€Pamela€Auble€and€Dr.€XavierÐ §÷ ÐAmador.€€The€trial€court€held€the€competency€hearing€on€September€8,€9€and€10,€1999.€€Dr.€PamelaÐ à ÐAuble€and€Dr.€Xavier€Amador€testified€on€behalf€of€appellant.€€€Appellant€also€sought€to€have€Rev.Ð yÉ ÐJoe€Ingle€and€social€worker€Mary€Ann€Hea€testify.€€However,€the€trial€court€informed€defenseÐ b² Ðcounsel€that€the€testimony€of€those€witnesses€may€violate€the€pastor„parishoner€and€attorney„clientÐ K› Ðprivileges.€€Thereafter,€counsel€for€appellant€withdrew€these€individuals€as€witnesses.€€Dr.€WilliamÐ 4„ ÐBernet€testified€on€behalf€of€the€State,€and€Dr.€Cynthia€Turner„Graham€testified€as€an€independentÐ m Ðpsychiatrist.Ð  V ÐÌà  àDr.€Pamela€Auble,€a€psychologist€specializing€in€neuropsychology,€first€examined€appellantÐ Ø!(  Ðin€January€1998€as€a€result€of€the€charges€pending€against€him€in€the€Captain€Dððs€murders.€€SinceÐ Á"! ÐJanuary€1998,€Dr.€Auble€has€examined€the€appellant€on€six€occasions.€€€€In€addition€to€her€interviewsÐ ª#ú" Ðof€appellant,€Dr.€Auble€has€also€interviewed€appellantððs€mother€and€sister,€reviewed€appellantððsÐ “$ã# Ðmedical€records,€school€records,€and€prison€records,€and€reviewed€reports€of€interviews€withÐ |%Ì $ Ðappellantððs€family€and€friends.Ð e&µ!% ÐÌà  àAccording€to€Dr.€Auble,€appellant€advised€her€in€an€interview€in€January€1999€that€theÐ 7(‡#' Ðfederal€government€had€been€conducting€surveillance€on€him€for€many€years€and€attempted€toÐ  )p$( Ðâ âcontrol€him.€€Appellant€advised€her€that€the€government€had€ð ðradiatedðð€his€body€with€some€type€ofÐ  *Y%) Ðmagnetic׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€field€and€was€able€to€then€monitor€him€on€a€distant€screen.€€In€addition€to€monitoring€him,Ð ° Ðâ âappellant€advised€Dr.€Auble€the€government€had€also€attempted€to€control€him.€€Appellant€advisedÐ ™é Ðher€that€he€had€been€under€surveillance€for€thirteen€years€as€a€part€of€an€experiment€conducted€byÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€CIA.€€Appellant€further€advised€Dr.€Auble€that€the€surveillance€program€was€actually€developedÐ k» Ðby€the€Soviet€Union.€€He€concluded€that€no€one€from€the€government€would€come€forward€with€theÐ T¤ Ðsurveillance€tapes€of€him€because€it€may€compromise€national€security.€€At€the€competency€hearing,Ð =  ÐDr.€Auble€testified€that€she€saw€letters€appellant€wrote€to€Texas€officials€in€1993€in€which€heÐ & v Ðespoused€the€same€beliefs.€€€When€she€questioned€appellant€about€the€letters,€he€responded€that€whenÐ  _ Ðhe€talks€about€the€government€surveillance,€people€think€he€is€insane.Ð ø H ÐÌà  àDr.€Auble€testified€that€she€actually€became€concerned€about€appellantððs€competency€to€standÐ Ê   Ðtrial€during€his€trial€for€the€Captain€Dððs€murders.€€On€April€15,€1999,€the€day€following€hisÐ ³  Ðconviction€of€the€Captain€Dððs€murders€and€the€day€prior€to€the€commencement€of€the€sentencingÐ œì  Ðhearing,€Dr.€Auble€interviewed€appellant€at€the€request€of€his€counsel€following€appellantððs€decisionÐ …Õ  Ðnot€to€present€any€mitigating€proof€at€the€sentencing€hearing.€€Appellant€advised€her€in€thatÐ n¾  Ðinterview€that€there€was€no€reason€to€present€any€mitigating€proof€because€the€outcome€of€theÐ W§  Ðsentencing€hearing€had€been€predetermined.€€In€the€end,€however,€appellant€allowed€mitigatingÐ @ Ðevidence€to€be€presented,€but€stated€it€would€not€make€a€difference.Ð )y ÐÌà  àFollowing€the€appellantððs€conviction€and€sentence€in€the€Captain€Dððs€murders,€the€juryÐ ûK Ðconsultant€forwarded€an€unsolicited€report€to€Dr.€Auble€expressing€her€concerns€about€appellantððsÐ ä4 Ðmental€capacities.€€The€jury€consultant€advised€Dr.€Auble€that€appellant€seemed€consumed€withÐ Í Ðirrelevant€topics€such€as€snacks€and€her€accommodations€at€a€bed€and€breakfast.€€The€jury€consultantÐ ¶ Ðalso€advised€that€the€appellant€would€pass€jokes€to€his€attorneys€and€did€not€seem€to€conceptualizeÐ Ÿï Ðthat€he€was€on€trial€for€his€life.€€Dr.€Auble€related€that€she€also€received€a€memorandum€from€RonÐ ˆØ ÐLax,€a€private€investigator€for€the€appellant,€in€July€1999.€€Mr.€Lax€summarized€an€interview€he€hadÐ qÁ Ðconducted€with€appellant€wherein€appellant€advised€that€the€government€had€been€trying€to€kill€himÐ Zª Ðfor€years.€€As€examples,€appellant€advised:€the€government€caused€him€to€be€in€a€car€accident€inÐ C“ ÐNovember€1990;€the€government€bombed€the€Murrah€building€on€April€19,€1995,€in€Oklahoma€CityÐ ,| Ðwhere€he€was€scheduled€to€have€an€appointment;€and€the€government€framed€him€for€the€CaptainÐ e ÐDððs€murders.€€Dr.€Auble€confirmed€that€appellant€was€involved€in€a€car€accident€in€1990€and€thatÐ þN Ðhe€lived€in€Oklahoma€City€at€the€time€of€the€1995€bombing.€€As€for€the€1995€bombing,€appellantÐ ç 7 Ðadvised€that€he€had€overslept€that€morning€and€did€not€make€his€appointment.€€He€further€claimedÐ Ð!   Ðthat€his€apartment€blew€up€the€same€day€as€the€Murrah€building€bombing.€€Dr.€Auble€testified€thatÐ ¹" ! Ðshe€had€documentation€of€a€fire€in€his€Oklahoma€City€apartment€on€that€day.€€€Additionally,€Dr.Ð ¢#ò" ÐAuble€received€information€from€Dr.€Amador€that€appellant€believed€that€all€of€the€participants€inÐ ‹$Û# Ðthe€Captain€Dððs€trial,€including€the€judge,€jury€and€attorneys,€were€playing€roles€that€had€beenÐ t%Ä $ Ðscripted.Ð ]&­!% Ðâ âÐ F'–"& Ðà  àDr.€Auble€also€reviewed€correspondence€from€appellantððs€lead€counsel€in€the€Captain€DððsÐ ° Ðâ âcase.€€According€to€counsel,€following€the€Captain€Dððs€trial,€appellant€refused€to€discuss€the€caseÐ ™é Ðwith€him.€€Later€when€appellant€agreed€to€discuss€the€case,€he€advised€his€attorney€that€the€jurorsÐ ‚Ò Ðhad€been€trying€to€ð ðmouthðð€comments€to€him€during€the€trial.€€It€was€also€his€belief€that€one€of€hisÐ k» Ðattorneys€had€advised€him€that€she€would€work€hard€to€ensure€that€he€was€convicted.€€Additionally,Ð T¤ Ðappellant€determined€that€he€would€not€present€any€mitigation€proof€in€the€trial€for€the€Baskin„Ð =  ÐRobbins€murders.€€As€a€result,€Dr.€Auble€contacted€appellantððs€counsel€in€the€current€matter€andÐ & v Ðexpressed€concerns€about€appellantððs€competency.€Ð  _ ÐÌà  àSubsequently,€Dr.€Auble€interviewed€appellant.€€At€the€August€18,€1999,€interview,€appellantÐ á 1  Ðrefused€to€discuss€whether€he€believed€his€first€trial€had€been€scripted,€but€advised€that€he€had€beenÐ Ê   Ðset€up€to€be€killed.€€He€advised€her€in€the€interview€that€his€fingerprint€that€was€found€on€a€movieÐ ³  Ðcard€that€had€been€used€in€the€Captain€Dððs€murders€had€been€planted€as€well€as€the€blood€on€hisÐ œì  Ðshoes.€€Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àDr.€Auble€concluded€that€appellant€was€not€competent€to€stand€trial.€€She€opined€that€Ð W§  Ðappellant€had€four€problems€in€terms€of€his€competency.€€First,€he€suffers€from€delusions€ð!ð€delusionsÐ @ Ðof€surveillance,€monitoring,€and€control€by€the€government.€€She€explained€that€following€his€firstÐ )y Ðtrial,€appellantððs€attorneys€had€become€a€part€of€the€delusions.€€He€now€believed€that€his€attorneysÐ b Ðhad€no€free€will;€they€were€merely€acting€out€a€part€of€the€plot€to€kill€him.€€Second,€appellant€hasÐ ûK Ðdifficulty€conceptualizing.€€He€focuses€on€irrelevant€details.€€She€opined€that€this€problem€stemmed€Ð ä4 Ðfrom€a€brain€injury€he€sustained.€€Dr.€Auble€testified€that€appellant€had€suffered€multiple€headÐ Í Ðinjuries€during€his€life.€€She€related€that€he€was€unfocused€and€rambling,€concentrating€on€irrelevantÐ ¶ Ðtopics,€which€made€it€difficult€for€him€to€assist€in€his€own€defense.€€Third,€appellant€suffers€fromÐ Ÿï Ðanosognosia,€a€condition€in€which€mentally€ill€persons€go€to€pathological€lengths€to€conceal€theirÐ ˆØ Ðmental€illness€in€an€attempt€to€appear€normal.€€Dr.€Auble€testified€that€appellant€had€a€very€strongÐ qÁ Ðdesire€to€appear€normal.€€As€a€result,€appellant€did€not€want€to€present€mitigating€evidence.€€Dr.Ð Zª ÐAuble€explained€that€anosognosia€is€caused€by€neurological€damage,€often€in€the€right€hemisphereÐ C“ Ðof€the€brain.€€This€damage,€she€stated,€could€have€been€caused€by€a€head€injury€appellant€receivedÐ ,| Ðas€a€child.€€€Fourth,€appellant€has€an€increasing€distrust€of€his€attorneys.€€Appellant,€therefore,Ð e Ðavoided€discussing€his€case€with€his€attorneys.Ð þN ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Dr.€Auble€agreed€that€appellant€had€been€interviewed€by€more€thanÐ Ð!   Ða€dozen€mental€health€professionals€during€his€lifetime.€€She€could€not€recall€seeing€documents€inÐ ¹" ! Ðthe€possession€of€defense€counsel€where€appellant€admitted€that€he€suffered€from€symptoms€ofÐ ¢#ò" Ðschizophrenia€and€bipolar€disorder.€€She€admitted€that€appellant€requested€medication€for€anxietyÐ ‹$Û# Ðand€depression€in€1998.€€Dr.€Auble€further€admitted€that€appellant€was€diagnosed€as€malingering€byÐ t%Ä $ Ðmental€health€professionals€in€Texas.€€She€further€testified€that€appellant€admitted€to€her€that€heÐ ]&­!% Ðmalingered€in€a€Texas€case€in€the€late€1970s€or€early€1980s.€€During€cross„examination,€Dr.€AubleÐ F'–"& Ðadmitted€that€appellant€commented€that€he€ð ðfooled€the€shrinks€for€so€long€down€there€[Texas].ðð€€Dr.Ð /(#' ÐAuble€also€admitted€that€appellant€was€declared€incompetent€twice€in€connection€with€proceedingsÐ )h$( Ðin€Texas.€€Further,€appellant€also€commented€that€he€was€not€going€to€make€the€same€mistake€heÐ *Q%) Ðmade€in€the€Houston€case,€but€she€interpreted€that€statement€to€mean€that€he€did€not€want€to€beÐ ê*:&* Ðdeclared€incompetent€again.€€While€Dr.€Auble€admitted€that€appellantððs€history€in€Texas€supportedÐ Ó+#'+ Ða€conclusion€of€malingering,€she€testified€that€she€did€not€believe€that€he€was€malingering€in€theÐ ° Ðpresent€case.€€Dr.€Auble€explained€that€appellantððs€answers€to€testing€in€this€case€supported€herÐ ™é Ðconclusion€that€he€was€not€malingering.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àDr.€Auble€acknowledged€that€her€interview€of€the€appellant€on€April€15€in€which€he€told€herÐ T¤ Ðthat€the€outcome€of€the€trial€was€predetermined,€occurred€just€two€hours€after€he€had€been€convictedÐ =  Ðof€two€murders€and€one€day€before€the€sentencing€phase€of€the€trial€was€to€begin.€€Dr.€Auble€alsoÐ & v Ðadmitted€that€appellant€discussed€various€aspects€of€his€defense€with€his€attorneys€including:€the€sizeÐ  _ Ðof€the€jury€pool;€his€desire€to€focus€on€the€guilt€phase€of€the€trial,€rather€than€the€sentencing€phase;Ð ø H Ðand€whether€plea€bargains€should€be€considered.€€Appellant€changed€his€mind€several€times€on€theÐ á 1  Ðissue€of€presenting€mitigating€evidence.€€€Dr.€Auble€further€acknowledged€during€cross„examinationÐ Ê   Ðthat€appellant€wrote€a€college€paper€on€the€duties€of€an€attorney€and€that€appellant€understood€theÐ ³  Ðduties€of€an€attorney€and€the€structure€of€the€courtroom.€€Dr.€Auble€also€admitted€that€appellantÐ œì  Ðexpressed€dissatisfaction€with€the€appearance€of€one€of€his€attorneys€who€had€a€beard€and€long€hairÐ …Õ  Ðbecause€appellant€thought€it€looked€unprofessional.Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àDr.€Xavier€Amador,€an€associate€professor€of€psychology€at€Columbia€University,€alsoÐ @ Ðtestified€on€behalf€of€appellant€as€an€expert€in€the€field€of€clinical€psychology.€€Dr.€Amador€testifiedÐ )y Ðthat€he€has€conducted€extensive€research€of€anosognosia,€which€he€explained€as€a€disorder€thatÐ b Ðresults€after€various€types€of€brain€injury,€cancer,€stroke,€and€closed€head€injury€where€the€patientÐ ûK Ðis€left€completely€unaware€of€either€the€injury€or€aspects€of€the€injury.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àWith€respect€to€appellant,€Dr.€Amador€testified€that€he€reviewed€appellantððs€medical€historyÐ ¶ Ðand€examined€him€for€over€twenty€hours€during€November€1998.€€In€a€report€to€appellantððs€counselÐ Ÿï Ðin€January€1999,€Dr.€Amador€expressed€concerns€about€appellantððs€competency€to€stand€trial,€butÐ ˆØ Ðconcluded€that€he€did€not€meet€the€standard€for€incompetency€at€that€time.€€He€asked€counsel€to€keepÐ qÁ Ðhim€informed€of€appellantððs€behavior.€€At€that€time,€although€the€appellant€suffered€from€delusionalÐ Zª Ðbeliefs€and€anosognosia,€he€was€able€to€assist€in€his€defense€and€therefore€competent€to€stand€trial.€Ð C“ ÐWhen€appellant€began€to€incorporate€his€attorneys€and€others€assisting€in€his€defense€into€hisÐ ,| Ðdelusions,€Dr.€Amador€grew€concerned€about€appellantððs€ability€to€assist€in€his€defense.€€The€factÐ e Ðthat€appellant€did€not€want€to€present€mitigation€proof€of€his€mental€illness€also€concerned€himÐ þN Ðbecause€appellantððs€reasoning€was€completely€irrational.€€Dr.€Amador€testified€that€appellant€toldÐ ç 7 Ðhim€that€he€had€faked€mental€illness€in€the€past€and€had€even€joked€about€it,€but€he€was€neverÐ Ð!   Ðactually€ill.€€Notwithstanding€this€admission€by€appellant,€Dr.€Amador€believed€that€appellantÐ ¹" ! Ðsuffered€from€anosognosia,€which€was€impairing€his€competency.€€Based€on€appellantððs€delusionsÐ ¢#ò" Ðand€anosognosia,€Dr.€Amador€concluded€that€appellant€was€not€competent€to€stand€trial.€€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àDr.€Amador€testified€that€appellantððs€delusional€beliefs€that€his€attorneys,€the€prosecutors€andÐ ]&­!% Ðthe€judge€were€controlled€by€a€surveillance€team€using€subliminal€magnetic€technology€and€therebyÐ F'–"& Ðhad€no€free€will,€impaired€his€ability€to€consult€with€counsel.€€The€fact€that€appellant€referred€to€hisÐ /(#' Ðlegal€counsel€as€ð ðSatanðð€also€impaired€his€ability€to€consult€with€counsel.€€Moreover,€the€fact€thatÐ )h$( Ðappellant€believed€that€the€jurors€were€ð ðcoachedðð€impaired€his€rational€understanding€of€the€role€ofÐ *Q%) Ðjuror€in€the€trial.€€Dr.€Amador€opined€that€although€appellant€had€a€factual€understanding€of€the€legalÐ ê*:&* Ðprocess,€he€did€not€believe€in€that€understanding€in€his€trial.€€Dr.€Amador€further€testified€thatÐ Ó+#'+ Ðappellantððs€delusions€and€anosognosia€impaired€his€ability€to€disclose€relevant€and€pertinentÐ ° Ðinformation€to€his€attorneys.€€According€to€Dr.€Amador,€appellant€was€unable€to€relate€his€medicalÐ ™é Ðhistory,€which€impaired€his€ability€to€assist€in€a€mental€illness€defense.€€In€fact,€appellant€went€ð ðoutÐ ‚Ò Ðof€his€way€to€thwart€suggestions€of€pursuing€any€such€defense.ððÐ k» ÐÌà  àDr.€Amador€disputed€the€Stateððs€theory€that€appellant€might€be€malingering.€€Dr.€AmadorÐ =  Ðtestified€that€appellantððs€IQ€is€in€the€low€average€range,€and€he€does€not€think€appellant€is€capableÐ & v Ðof€effectively€faking€a€mental€illness.€€Moreover,€Dr.€Amador€explained€that€the€examples€he€gaveÐ  _ Ðto€Dr.€Bernet€of€faking€mental€illness€in€the€Texas€proceedings€were€not€even€symptoms€of€any€typeÐ ø H Ðof€psychotic€disorder.€€Dr.€Amador€further€testified€that€once€appellant€was€advised€that€aÐ á 1  Ðcompetency€hearing€would€be€held,€it€was€not€surprising€that€appellant€would€recant€his€delusionsÐ Ê   Ðof€a€governmental€plot€to€mental€health€professionals€because€he€was€trying€to€achieve€the€veryÐ ³  Ðspecific€goal€of€appearing€normal.€€Dr.€Amador€further€testified€that€he€did€not€understand€what€theÐ œì  Ðappellant€could€have€gained€by€acting€psychotic€for€decades€and€now€suddenly€telling€the€truth€thatÐ …Õ  Ðhe€was€malingering,€as€appellant€advised€the€defense€expert.€€Dr.€Amador€testified€that€other€mentalÐ n¾  Ðhealth€experts€may€not€have€diagnosed€appellant€as€suffering€from€anosognosia,€becauseÐ W§  Ðanosognosia€is€a€ð ðrelatively€new€body€of€knowledge.ððÐ @ ÐÌà  àDr.€Amador€admitted€this€was€his€first€evaluation€in€a€criminal€case.€€He€also€admitted€thatÐ b Ðappellant€ultimately€complied€with€counselððs€recommendation€that€mitigation€evidence€be€presentedÐ ûK Ðin€the€Captain€Dððs€murder€trial.€€Dr.€Amador€further€acknowledged€that€the€fact€that€appellantÐ ä4 Ðreceived€two€death€sentences€in€that€case€despite€the€presentation€of€mitigation€evidence€might€causeÐ Í Ðthe€appellant€to€view€the€presentation€of€mitigation€evidence€as€futile.€€Dr.€Amador€was€also€awareÐ ¶ Ðthat€appellant€believed€that€if€he€did€not€allow€mitigation€evidence€to€be€presented€during€the€penaltyÐ Ÿï Ðphase,€his€attorneys€would€work€harder€on€the€guilt€phase€of€the€trial,€and€he€was€aware€thatÐ ˆØ Ðappellant€complained€that€his€attorneys€had€not€placed€enough€emphasis€on€the€guilt€phase€duringÐ qÁ Ðhis€first€trial.€€Dr.€Amador€testified€that€he€was€aware€that€appellant€recently€told€psychiatrists€thatÐ Zª Ðhe€did€not€have€delusions,€that€he€faked€having€delusions€in€the€past,€and€that€he€wanted€to€ð ðcomeÐ C“ Ðcleanðð€and€explain€why€he€lied.€€Dr.€Amador€also€acknowledged€that€several€mental€healthÐ ,| Ðprofessionals€concluded€that€appellant€had€faked€mental€illness€in€the€past.Ð e ÐÌà  àDr.€William€Bernet€testified€on€behalf€of€the€State€as€a€psychiatrist.€€He€is€in€charge€of€theÐ ç 7 Ðforensic€psychiatry€program€at€Vanderbilt€University.€€Dr.€Bernet€testified€that€he€performedÐ Ð!   Ðapproximately€three€hundred€competency€evaluations€of€criminal€defendants€in€Shelby€County€inÐ ¹" ! Ðconnection€with€a€previous€job€in€Memphis€and€that€he€also€performed€several€hundred€competencyÐ ¢#ò" Ðevaluations€at€Vanderbilt€when€they€contracted€to€do€the€mental€evaluations€for€criminal€defendantsÐ ‹$Û# Ðin€Davidson€County.Ð t%Ä $ Ðà  àò òÌà  àó óDr.€Bernet€met€with€appellantò ò€ó óon€threeò ò€ó óoccasions€between€December€1998€and€theÐ G'—"& Ðcompetency€hearing,€most€recently€the€day€prior€to€his€testimony.€€€Dr.€Bernet€testified€that€appellantÐ 3(ƒ#' Ðunderstood€the€legal€process€and€was€able€to€cooperate€and€communicate€with€his€attorneys.€Ð )l$( ÐAppellant€explained€who€his€attorneys€were€and€the€need€to€trust€them,€even€though€he€believed€itÐ *U%) Ðmight€have€been€better€to€have€a€private€attorney€representing€him€rather€than€the€public€defender.ò ò€Ð î*>&* Ðó óAppellant€discussed€his€case€with€Dr.€Bernet€and€advised€that€he€and€his€attorneys€disagreed€overÐ Ú+*'+ Ðcertain€aspects€of€his€case.€€One€such€disagreement€occurred€when€he€and€his€attorneys€discussedÐ ° Ðthe€possibility€of€a€plea€bargain.€€He€advised€that€although€his€attorneys€encouraged€him€to€acceptÐ ™é Ða€plea€bargain,€he€could€not€do€so€because€he€was€innocent€and€an€innocent€person€would€not€pleadÐ ‚Ò Ðguilty€and€agree€to€serve€a€life€sentence.€€Appellant€also€discussed€various€aspects€of€his€trialÐ k» Ðstrategy€with€Dr.€Bernet,€including€how€he€thoughtò ò€ó óhis€attorneys€should€handle€certain€witnesses,Ð T¤ ÐDNA€evidence,€and€an€alibi€defense.Ð @  ÐÌà  àDr.€Bernet€further€testified€that€appellant€discussed€potential€mitigation€proof€that€could€beÐ  b Ðpresented€in€the€penalty€phase.€€Appellant€advised€he€could€present€evidence€of€atrophy€of€his€brain,Ð û K Ðdyslexia,€his€low€intelligence€level,€a€troubled€childhood,€an€alcoholic€father,€and€his€placement€inÐ ä 4  Ða€boyððs€home.€€He€also€explained€that€he€did€not€want€his€sister€to€testify€because€she€was€a€schoolÐ Í   Ðteacher,€it€would€cost€her€too€much€to€attend€the€trial,€and€it€was€difficult€for€his€sister€when€sheÐ ¶  Ðtestified€at€the€first€trial.€€Appellant€advised€Dr.€Bernet€that€he€did€not€want€his€attorneys€to€presentÐ Ÿï  Ðevidence€that€he€suffered€from€a€serious€mental€disorder,€because€he€did€not.€Ð ˆØ  ÐÌà  àDr.€Bernet€opined€that€appellant€suffered€from€antisocial€personality€disorder,€a€tendency€toÐ Zª  Ðmalinger,€or€feign€mental€illness,€and€delusional€paranoia.€€Dr.€Bernet€testified€that€appellantÐ C“ Ðmalingered€both€by€exaggerating€his€suspicious€nature€and€by€denying€that€he€had€suspiciousÐ ,| Ðthoughts.€€Appellant€denied€that€he€was€under€governmental€surveillance€and€advised€that€he€madeÐ e Ðthose€claims€up€in€order€to€get€attention.€€Appellant€further€told€Dr.€Bernet€that€he€did€not€believeÐ þN Ðthat€his€previous€trial€was€scripted€and€did€not€believe€that€the€people€involved€in€the€trial€wereÐ ç7 Ðmerely€playing€roles.Ð Ð  ÐÌà  àDr.€Bernet€described€appellant€as€a€ð ðvery€affable,€friendly€person,€who€likes€to€be€friendlyÐ ¢ò Ðand€chat€about€things.€€In€a€sense,€his€being€that€friendly€might€be€perceived€as€being€mildlyÐ ‹Û Ðinappropriate€in€that€it€goes€a€little€beyond€sort€of€the€business€purpose€of€the€meeting,€but€I€justÐ tÄ Ðthink€thatððs€the€way€he€likes€to€be.ðð€€Dr.€Bernet€felt€that€appellant€liked€to€ð ðpresent€himself€in€a€veryÐ ]­ Ðpositive€light,€in€a€very€upbeat€light€and€[that€he]€like[d]€to€be€perceived€as€being€a€healthy,€intactÐ F– Ðperson.ðð€€Dr.€Bernet€also€explained€the€appellant€ð ðcons€people€and€he€doesnððt€show€his€full€deck€orÐ / Ðhis€full€hand.€€That€he€tries€to€manipulate€people€in€one€way€or€the€other,€and€I€think€that€happensÐ h Ðfrequently€and€I€suppose€that€anybody€that€has€to€deal€with€.€.€.€[appellant],€has€to€keep€that€in€mind.ðð€Ð  Q ÐDr.€Bernet€felt€that€ð ðwhen€he€[appellant]€makes€a€point€with€you,€maybe€there€is€some€reason,Ð ê : Ðmanipulative€reason€why€he€is€trying€to€make€that€point€with€you€and€you€would€have€to€considerÐ Ó!#  Ðthat.ððÐ ¼" ! ÐÌà  àDr.€Bernet€concluded€that€although€appellant€suffered€from€mental€problems,€those€problemsÐ Ž$Þ# Ðdid€not€render€him€incompetent€to€stand€trial.€€Dr.€Bernet€testified€appellant€understood€the€chargesÐ w%Ç $ Ðagainst€him,€how€the€legal€process€worked,€understood€the€possible€outcomes€of€the€trial,€and€wasÐ `&°!% Ðable€to€cooperate€and€communicate€with€his€attorneys.€€As€a€result,€appellant€was€legally€competentÐ I'™"& Ðto€stand€trial.Ð 2(‚#' ÐÌà  àDr.€Cynthia€Turner„Graham,€a€board„certified€psychiatrist€who€serves€as€the€vice€presidentÐ *T%) Ðâ âof€medical€services€for€Centerstone€Community€Mental€Health€Centers,€testified€as€an€independentÐ í*=&* ÐÑßšÑâ âÑ |XÑâ âÑ  Ñexpert.€€Dr.€Turner„Graham€interviewed€the€appellant€at€the€request€of€the€trial€court€prior€to€theÐ ° Ðcompetency€hearing.€Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àDr.€Turner„Graham€opined€that€appellant€understood€the€nature€of€the€legal€process,€Ð k» Ðunderstood€the€charges€pending€against€him€and€the€consequences€that€could€follow,€and€couldÐ T¤ Ðadvise€counsel€and€participate€in€his€own€defense.€€€According€to€Dr.€Turner„Graham,€appellantÐ =  Ðunderstood€that€he€was€indicted€on€two€counts€of€murder€that€he€claimed€he€did€not€commit.€€HeÐ & v Ðbelieved€that€he€could€present€a€successful€defense€by€establishing€an€alibi€of€his€whereabouts€at€theÐ  _ Ðtime€of€the€crime€and€by€disputing€DNA€and€fiber€evidence.€€Appellant€acknowledged€that€hisÐ ø H Ðattorneys€have€his€best€interest€at€heart,€but€he€and€his€attorneys€sometimes€disagree€about€the€bestÐ á 1  Ðapproach€to€take€with€his€defense.€€Appellant€also€believed€that€overall€he€had€a€good€workingÐ Ê   Ðrelationship€with€his€attorneys.€€Appellant€also€understood€that€the€presentation€of€mitigationÐ ³  Ðevidence€during€the€penalty€phase€of€the€trial€would€be€an€effective€defense€strategy€and€listedÐ œì  Ðseveral€potential€mitigation€possibilities.€€€Appellant€was€also€able€to€describe€court€proceedings€inÐ …Õ  Ðdetail€to€Dr.€Turner„Graham.€€Appellant€understood€the€possible€sentences€he€faced€included€lifeÐ n¾  Ðimprisonment,€life€without€parole€or€death.€€€€Appellant€estimated€that€the€likely€outcome€of€his€trialÐ W§  Ðwas€a€ð ð50/50€chance€of€being€found€not€guilty.ðð€€Dr.€Turner„Graham€found€that€appellant€had€aÐ @ Ðhistory€of€malingering€and€deception,€and€appellant€ð ðadmitted€that€he€often€chooses€to€do€that€whichÐ )y Ðis€most€expedient€given€the€realities€of€the€current€situation.ðð€€Dr.€Turner„Graham€further€found€thatÐ b Ðalthough€the€appellantððs€motivations€were€ð ðcolored€by€his€psychopathy,ðð€which€caused€difficultiesÐ ûK Ðin€working€with€him,€it€did€not€render€him€incompetent€to€stand€trial.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àDr.€Turner„Graham€noted€appellantððs€organic€brain€injury€was€likely€the€etiology€of€hisÐ ¶ Ðpsychotic€symptoms€as€described€by€other€mental€health€professionals€in€their€reports.€€During€herÐ Ÿï Ðinterview€of€appellant,€he€denied€that€he€ever€believed€that€he€was€under€government€surveillance.€Ð ˆØ ÐInstead,€appellant€advised€her€that€he€had€ð ðfabricated€storiesðð€to€ð ðachieve€certain€things€at€certainÐ qÁ Ðtimes.ðð€€Appellant€also€advised€Dr.€Turner„Graham€that€he€never€actually€believed€that€his€prior€trialÐ Zª Ðhad€been€scripted€or€predetermined.€€He€explained€that€he€may€have€been€ð ðover€wroughtðð€by€hisÐ C“ Ðconviction€and€may€have€made€statements€that€indicated€he€believed€the€court€proceedings€wereÐ ,| Ðpredetermined.€€He€did€not€hold€that€belief€either€at€the€time€of€his€first€trial€or€at€the€time€of€hisÐ e Ðevaluation.Ð þN ÐÌà  àDr.€Turner„Graham€determined€that€appellantððs€antisocial€personality€disorder€influencedÐ Ð!   Ðhis€behavior€as€much€or€more€than€his€psychotic€symptoms€over€time.€€Dr.€Turner„Graham€explainedÐ ¹" ! Ðthat€although€the€presentation€of€an€antisocial€personality€can€appear€psychotic,€it€is€not€psychoticÐ ¢#ò" Ðin€the€classical€sense.€€Dr.€Turner„Graham€concluded€that€ð ðbecause€symptoms€of€classic€psychosisÐ ‹$Û# Ðare€not€presently€active€and/or€he€is€not€able€to€circumscribe€them€to€the€extent€that€he€can€controlÐ t%Ä $ Ðtheir€expression,€.€.€.€[appellant]€is€clearly€competent€to€stand€trial.ððÐ ]&­!% ÐÌà  àBased€on€the€foregoing,€the€trial€court€determined€that€the€appellant€was€competent€to€standÐ /(#' Ðtrial.€€€€€€€€€€€€€€ò òÐ )h$( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓGuilt€phaseÐ ë*;&* ÐóóÓò‡ÓÐ Õ+%'+ Ðà  àó óAngela€Holmes€and€Michelle€Mace€worked€the€night€shift€at€Baskin„Robbins€ice€cream€storeÐ ° Ðon€Wilma€Rudolph€Boulevard€in€Clarksville,€Tennessee€the€evening€of€April€23,€1997.€€AngelaÐ ™é ÐHolmes€was€the€manager€of€the€ice€cream€store.€€At€some€point€during€their€clean„up€procedure,€theÐ ‚Ò Ðtwo€women€were€kidnapped.€€The€last€person€known€to€see€them€working€in€the€store€was€LavandaÐ k» ÐZimmerman.€€Ms.€Zimmerman€arrived€at€Baskin„Robbins€between€9:20€and€9:25€p.m.€€SheÐ T¤ Ðpurchased€a€scoop€of€ice€cream€and€sat€in€the€store€eating€her€ice€cream€and€talking€to€Ms.€HolmesÐ =  Ðand€Ms.€Mace€until€approximately€10:00.€€According€to€Ms.€Zimmerman,€the€ladies€laughed€andÐ & v Ðmade€small€talk€with€her€as€she€ate€her€ice€cream;€they€also€began€to€clean€the€store.€€Ð  _ ÐÌà  àWhile€she€was€in€Baskin„Robbins,€Ms.€Zimmerman€saw€one€college„aged€couple€come€in,Ð á 1  Ðorder€ice€cream,€and€leave.€€Subsequently,€a€man€in€his€late€twenties€or€early€thirties€entered€theÐ Ê   Ðstore,€inquired€about€the€price€of€one€of€their€products,€became€very€loud€and€obnoxious€concerningÐ ³  Ðthe€price,€which€he€believed€to€be€too€high,€and€exited€the€store.€€Ms.€Zimmerman€described€the€manÐ œì  Ðas€wearing€blue€jeans,€a€dirty€t„shirt€and€a€baseball€cap.€€She€related€that€the€man€appeared€uncleanÐ …Õ  Ðand€unshaven.€€Ms.€Mace€took€a€couple€of€orders€through€the€drive€thru€while€Ms.€Zimmerman€wasÐ n¾  Ðin€the€store.Ð W§  ÐÌà  àThe€Baskin„Robbins€employees€began€to€clean€the€customer€area€of€the€store€atÐ )y Ðapproximately€9:45€p.m..€€One€of€the€employees€locked€the€side€door€that€faced€a€PrudentialÐ b ÐInsurance€agency€prior€to€Ms.€Zimmermanððs€departure.€€Ms.€Zimmerman€looked€at€her€watch€at€9:58Ð ûK Ðwhile€she€was€still€in€the€store.€€She€then€exited€the€store€through€the€front€door,€which€faced€WilmaÐ ä4 ÐRudolph€Boulevard.€€It€was€Ms.€Zimmermanððs€belief€that€Angela€Holmes€locked€the€front€door€ofÐ Í Ðthe€store€with€the€key€as€she€left.€€At€10:01,€Ms.€Zimmerman€pulled€out€of€the€Baskin„RobbinsÐ ¶ Ðparking€lot.€€ò ò€Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àó óAs€she€exited€the€Baskin„Robbins€parking€lot€onto€Wilma€Rudolph€Boulevard,€Ms.Ð uÅ ÐZimmerman€noticedò ò€ó óa€red€car€slow€down€and€turn€into€the€parking€lot.€€At€trial€she€testified€that€theÐ ^® Ðred€car€appeared€new€and€shiny€and€looked€like€her€husbandððs€Ford€Excel.€€Ms.€Zimmerman,Ð Jš Ðhowever,€gave€differing€descriptions€of€the€car€prior€to€trial.€€Ms.€Zimmerman€admitted€that€she€hadÐ 3ƒ Ðtold€a€private€investigator€during€a€May€15,€1998,€interview€that€the€car€she€saw€was€ð ðdark€reddishÐ l Ðor€maroonðð€in€color€and€looked€like€an€old€style.€€She€also€admitted€that€she€did€not€advise€the€TBIÐ  U Ðof€the€red€car€during€her€first€interview€on€May€15,€1997.Ð î > ÐÌà  àSteve€Jones,€Director€of€Emergency€Management€in€Montgomery€County,€also€went€toÐ À"! ÐBaskin„Robbins€the€night€of€April€23,€1997.€€At€trial,€he€recalled€that€he€showed€Michelle€Mace€howÐ ©#ù" Ðto€use€her€mop€properly,€made€his€purchase,€and€left€the€store€at€approximately€9:45€p.m.€€While€heÐ ’$â# Ðwas€in€the€store,€a€young€couple€came€in€and€a€few€vehicles€came€through€the€drive€thru.€€He€did€notÐ {%Ë $ Ðrecall€seeing€Ms.€Zimmerman€in€the€store.€€Ð d&´!% ÐÌà  àTammy€Thompson€and€her€boyfriend,€Dustin€Keller,€both€students€at€Austin€Peay€StateÐ 6(†#' ÐUniversity,€arrived€at€Baskin„Robbins€around€9:50€p.m.€in€a€red€1993€Nissan€Sentra.€€Ms.€ThompsonÐ )o$( Ðrecalled€seeing€other€vehicles€in€the€parking€lot€when€they€arrived,€but€Mr.€Keller€did€not€recallÐ *X%) Ðâ âseeing€any€other€vehicles€in€the€parking€lot.€€They€both€saw€a€man€in€the€store€with€salt€and€pepperÐ ñ*A&* Ðhair.€€Ms.€Thompson€described€the€man€as€scraggly,€with€shoulder€length€hair.€€Both€witnessesÐ ° Ðtestified€that€the€man€they€saw€in€the€store€was€not€the€appellant.€€€€Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àCatherine€Naylor€drove€by€Baskin„Robbins€at€approximately€9:48€p.m.€on€April€23,€1997.€Ð k» ÐShe€testified€that€as€she€drove€by€the€Baskin„Robbins,€she€looked€into€the€parking€lot€and€saw€a€darkÐ T¤ Ðred,€ð ðmaroonishðð€car€in€the€lot.€€Her€description€of€the€make€of€the€car€varied€from€a€1987€SundanceÐ =  Ðto€a€Grand€Am€to€a€Dodge€Shadow.€€She€testified€that€the€car€she€saw€was€not€a€1997€Ford€Escort.€Ð & v ÐShe€viewed€photographs€of€appellantððs€car€and€testified€that€the€car€she€saw€could€not€have€beenÐ  _ Ðappellantððs€car.€€Ms.€Naylor€also€saw€a€green€Corvette€pull€into€the€Baskin„Robbins€parking€lot.€Ð ø H ÐÌà  àCraig€Mace,€Michelle€Maceððs€brother,€arrived€at€Baskin„Robbins€shortly€after€10:00€p.m.€Ð Ê   ÐMr.€Mace€watched€two€to€three€minutes€of€the€10:00€news€and€then€left€his€home€to€pick€up€hisÐ ³  Ðsister€from€work.€€He€estimated€that€he€left€his€house€around€10:07€p.m.€and€€it€took€approximatelyÐ œì  Ðtwo€minutes€to€drive€to€Baskin„Robbins.€€The€store€closed€at€10:00€p.m,€and€Craig€expected€hisÐ …Õ  Ðsister€to€be€ready€to€leave€between€10:10€and€11:00€p.m,€depending€upon€how€busy€the€store€wasÐ n¾  Ðthat€night.€€He€saw€Angela€Holmesððs€green€Geo€Metro€parked€in€the€parking€lot€upon€his€arrival.€Ð W§  ÐThe€outside€lights€of€the€restaurant€were€turned€off,€and€the€lighting€outside€was,€therefore,€veryÐ @ Ðdark.€€When€his€sister€did€not€come€out€to€the€car€within€ten€to€fifteen€minutes,€he€became€worried.€Ð )y ÐHe€had€not€seen€any€movement€in€the€store.€€He€called€his€sister€Kelly,€who€was€also€employed€atÐ b Ðthat€Baskin„Robbins,€and€asked€her€to€call€the€store€to€determine€what€was€taking€so€long.€€WhenÐ ûK ÐKelly€advised€him€that€there€was€no€answer€at€the€store,€he€asked€her€if€it€would€be€okay€for€him€toÐ ä4 Ðgo€in€the€store.€€Ð Í ÐÌà  àMr.€Mace€entered€the€ice€cream€store€through€the€front€door€facing€Wilma€RudolphÐ Ÿï ÐBoulevard,€which€was€unlocked.€€He€saw€no€signs€of€a€disturbance.€€The€lights€in€the€work€area€ofÐ ˆØ Ðthe€store€were€on,€but€the€lights€in€the€dining€area€were€off.€€The€freezer€door€was€open,€and€the€lightÐ qÁ Ðin€the€freezer€area€was€on.€€Mr.€Mace€went€outside,€called€911,€and€reported€his€sister€and€AngelaÐ Zª ÐHolmes€as€missing.€€He€estimated€that€he€was€at€Baskin„Robbins€for€approximately€twenty€minutesÐ C“ Ðprior€to€his€phone€call.€€He€waited€approximately€ten€minutes,€and€when€there€was€no€response€fromÐ ,| Ð911,€he€called€his€parents.€€Kelly€Mace€called€Tobaris€Holmes,€Angelaððs€husband,€to€determine€ifÐ e Ðhe€had€heard€from€Angela.€€Mr.€Holmes€also€tried€to€contact€the€store,€but€was€unsuccessful.€€KellyÐ þN ÐMace€and€her€boyfriend,€Michael€Wilson,€drove€to€the€Holmes€residence.€€Mr.€Holmes€left€withÐ ç 7 ÐMichael€Wilson€for€Baskin„Robbins,€while€Kelly€Mace€stayed€behind€with€the€Holmesððs€four„Ð Ð!   Ðmonth„old€daughter.€Tobaris€Holmes,€Michael€Wilson,€and€Michelle€Maceððs€mother€and€stepfatherÐ ¹" ! Ðarrived€shortly€thereafter.€€In€the€meantime,€Craig€Mace€made€a€second€call€to€911,€but€still€noÐ ¢#ò" Ðemergency€personnel€arrived.€€€Ð ‹$Û# ÐÌà  àCraig€Mace,€his€stepfather€James€Black,€Tobaris€Holmes,€and€Michael€Wilson€enteredÐ ]&­!% ÐBaskin„Robbins.€€Mr.€Holmes€had€worked€at€Baskin„Robbins€for€a€brief€period€and€was,€therefore,Ð F'–"& Ðvery€familiar€with€the€store.€€Mr.€Holmes€testified€at€trial€that€upon€entry€to€the€store,€he€looked€allÐ /(#' Ðaround.€€He€noticed€that€the€cash€registers€were€empty,€the€freezer€door€was€open,€and€the€top€to€theÐ )h$( Ðsafe€was€gone.€€He€also€saw€his€wifeððs€purse€and€picked€it€up,€but€later€sat€it€back€down.€€Craig€MaceÐ *Q%) Ðalso€noticed€both€of€the€employeesðð€purses€in€the€office€area€during€his€second€entry€into€the€store.€Ð ê*:&* ÐAfter€being€in€the€store€one€to€two€minutes,€Craig€Mace€went€back€outside€and€made€a€third€call€toÐ Ó+#'+ Ð911.׃ ×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€Tobaris€Holmes€testified€at€trial€that€he€was€in€the€store€for€three€to€four€minutes.€€Mr.€HolmesÐ ° Ðalso€testified€that€his€wifeððs€car€was€in€the€parking€lot.€€According€to€Mr.€Holmes,€the€parking€lotÐ ™é Ðwas€dark€because€the€outside€lighting€was€turned€off€and€had€been€off€when€they€arrived.Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àThe€Clarksville€police€arrived€at€Baskin„Robbins€at€10:51€p.m.€€Thereafter,€the€investigationÐ T¤ Ðinto€the€disappearance€of€Angela€Holmes€and€Michelle€Mace€began.€€The€authoritiesðð€search€for€theÐ =  Ðtwo€young€women€ended€the€following€morning€at€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park,€where€the€bodies€ofÐ & v Ðboth€victims€were€found.€€€Jack€Hackett€found€a€dead€body€lying€face€down€in€the€lake€located€atÐ  _ ÐDunbar€Cave€State€Park€on€the€morning€of€April€24€while€exercising€with€his€dog.€€He€contacted€theÐ ø H Ðpark€ranger,€who€called€the€police.€€Officer€Cheryl€Anderson€discovered€another€dead€body€lyingÐ á 1  Ðin€a€wooded€area€near€the€lake.€€The€investigation€determined€that€Angela€Holmesððs€body€was€foundÐ Ê   Ðin€the€lake,€and€Michelle€Maceððs€body€was€found€in€the€wooded€area.€€The€fathers€of€both€of€theÐ ³  Ðvictims€identified€their€bodies€at€the€morgue.€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àA€videotape€of€the€crime€scene€at€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park€was€recorded€by€the€TBI€andÐ n¾  Ðintroduced€as€an€exhibit€at€trial.€€Two€latex€gloves€were€found€at€the€scene.€€A€member€of€theÐ W§  ÐClarksville€Police€Department€found€one€of€the€gloves€floating€in€the€water€off€the€bank€of€the€lake.€Ð @ ÐThe€videotape€shows€the€body€of€Angela€Holmes.€€A€Baskin„Robbins€apron€was€used€as€a€ligatureÐ )y Ðto€tie€her€hands.€€€€€€Ð b ÐÌà  àMany€witnesses€came€forward€during€the€investigation€relating€suspicious€activity€in€andÐ ä4 Ðaround€the€Baskin„Robbins€and€the€Dunbar€Cave€areas€on€the€night€in€question€and€before.€€A€fewÐ Í Ðwitnesses€believed€they€saw€appellant€in€the€Dunbar€Cave€park€prior€to€the€murders.€€Loretto€DiorioÐ ¶ Ðand€her€four€children€went€to€the€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park€on€February€17,€1997,€for€a€nature€walk.€Ð Ÿï ÐMs.€Diorio,€who€homeschooled€her€children,€testified€at€trial€that€she€arrived€at€the€park€onÐ ˆØ ÐWednesday,€February€17,€1997,€shortly€after€lunch.€€Ms.€Diorio€believed€they€may€have€arrived€atÐ qÁ ÐDunbar€Cave€as€early€as€12:30€or€1:00€p.m.€€While€they€were€on€their€walk,€they€saw€a€man€singingÐ Zª Ðcountry€music€and€playing€the€guitar.€€She€testified€at€trial€that€they€paused€when€they€saw€him€andÐ C“ Ðthen€continued€on€their€walk.€€She€remembered€seeing€the€man€because€he€seemed€to€follow€them.€Ð ,| ÐShe€testified€that€when€they€arrived€to€feed€the€ducks,€he€was€right€behind€them.€€She€explained€thatÐ e Ðhe€came€within€a€few€feet€of€them.€€At€that€point,€they€hurried€along€and€left.€€Ð þN ÐÌà  àAfter€the€investigation€into€the€murders€of€Ms.€Holmes€and€Ms.€Mace€began,€Ms.€Diorio€sawÐ Ð!   Ðappellantððs€picture€on€television.€€She€thought€he€was€the€man€she€saw€at€Dunbar€Cave€andÐ ¹" ! Ðidentified€appellant€as€the€man€she€saw€at€Dunbar€Cave€on€February€17,€1997.€€She€testified€at€trialÐ ¢#ò" Ðthat€she€remembered€the€ears€and€face€of€the€man€she€saw€on€the€day€of€the€nature€walk.€€On€cross„Ð ‹$Û# Ðexamination,€she€admitted€that€she€could€not€testify€that€she€was€one€hundred€percent€sure€appellantÐ t%Ä $ Ðwas€the€man€she€saw.Ð ]&­!% ÐÐ F'–"& Ðà  àStephen€Diorio,€Loretta€Diorioððs€twelve„year„old€son,€also€testified€at€trial.€€He€too€thoughtÐ ° Ðappellant€was€the€man€they€saw€at€Dunbar€Cave€on€February€17,€1997.€€Stephen€Diorio€alsoÐ ™é Ðadmitted,€however,€that€he€could€not€state€that€he€was€one€hundred€percent€sure€that€appellant€wasÐ ‚Ò Ðthe€same€man.€€Stephen€Diorio€testified€that€the€man€he€saw€was€wearing€a€cowboy€hat,€tippedÐ k» Ðdown,€and€sunglasses.€€He€also€admitted€that€the€area€where€he€saw€him€playing€the€guitar€andÐ T¤ Ðsinging€was€dim.€Ð =  ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€the€defense€attempted€to€contradict€the€testimony€of€the€Diorios€by€showing€that€onÐ  _ ÐFebruary€17,€1997,€appellant€was€in€class€at€Volunteer€State€Community€College€in€Gallatin.€€TheÐ ø H Ðdefense€introduced€attendance€records€that€showed€that€appellant€was€in€class€from€10:00€a.m.€untilÐ á 1  Ð12:10€p.m.€€Further,€Janice€Roark,€the€director€of€admissions€and€records€at€Volunteer€StateÐ Ê   ÐCommunity€College€testified€that€it€takes€approximately€one€hour€to€drive€from€Gallatin€toÐ ³  ÐClarksville.€€On€cross„examination,€Ms.€Roark€testified€that€she€did€not€know€what€time€appellantÐ œì  Ðleft€his€class.€€She€further€admitted€that€even€if€appellant€left€class€at€12:10€p.m.,€he€could€have€beenÐ …Õ  Ðin€Clarksville€by€1:10€p.m.€Ð n¾  ÐÌà  àBarbara€Jayroe€also€believed€she€saw€the€appellant€at€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park€prior€to€theÐ @ Ðmurders.€€Ms.€Jayroe€took€her€grandchildren,€accompanied€by€a€friend,€to€the€state€park€on€April€8Ð )y Ðor€9,€1997,€to€play.€€They€arrived€around€11:00€a.m.€€While€there,€she€noticed€a€ð ðwell„groomedðð€manÐ b Ðwith€brown€hair,€wearing€jeans,€a€blue€short„sleeved€shirt,€and€black€and€white€tennis€shoes.€€Ms.Ð ûK ÐJayroe€testified€that€she€first€noticed€the€man€because€of€his€ð ðround€butt.ðð€€She€also€saw€several€carsÐ ä4 Ðin€the€parking€lot,€including€a€four„door,€shiny€red€car.€€After€seeing€appellantððs€picture€onÐ Í Ðtelevision,€she€notified€police€that€she€saw€appellant€at€Dunbar€Cave€prior€to€the€murders.€€€On€cross„Ð ¶ Ðexamination,€Ms.€Jayroe€admitted€that€she€told€the€police€she€would€have€to€see€appellant€from€theÐ Ÿï Ðrear€to€determine€if€he€was€the€man€she€saw€at€the€park.€€She€also€admitted€that€she€told€the€policeÐ ˆØ Ðshe€believed€the€man€she€saw€was€five€feet,€eight€or€nine€inches,€and€appellant€is€six€feet,€threeÐ qÁ Ðinches.€€She€further€told€the€police€in€June€1997€that€she€was€not€sure€appellant€was€the€man€she€sawÐ Zª Ðat€the€park,€although€she€testified€at€trial€that€he€was€the€man€she€saw.Ð C“ ÐÌà  àIn€addition€to€possible€sightings€of€appellant€in€Clarksville€at€Dunbar€Cave€prior€to€the€dateÐ e Ðof€the€murders,€the€testimony€of€Elfreida€Lane,€a€friend€of€appellantððs,€and€appellantððs€purchase€ofÐ þN Ðgasoline€at€a€Texaco€station€both€placed€him€in€Clarksville€on€the€night€of€the€murders.€€ElfreidaÐ ç 7 ÐLane€testified€at€trial€that€appellant€called€her€April€24,€1997,€the€day€following€the€murders,€andÐ Ð!   Ðtold€her€he€was€in€Clarksville€the€night€before.€€She€specifically€remembered€that€he€called€April€24Ð ¹" ! Ðbecause€it€was€her€daughterððs€birthday.€€When€he€called€on€April€24,€appellant€told€Ms.€Lane€thatÐ ¢#ò" Ðhe€was€in€Guthrie,€Kentucky€purchasing€lottery€tickets€the€day€before.€€He€told€Ms.€Lane€that€he€wasÐ ‹$Û# Ðgoing€to€stop€by€her€house€that€night,€but€it€was€too€late.€€Ms.€Lane€explained€that€she€developed€aÐ t%Ä $ Ðfriendship€with€appellant€while€he€worked€at€Shoneyððs€as€a€cook€in€Nashville€at€the€Murphy€RoadÐ ]&­!% Ðrestaurant.€€She€explained€that€appellant€left€his€employment€at€Shoneyððs€in€1996€and€returned€toÐ F'–"& Ðhis€home€state€of€Texas.€€Prior€to€his€departure,€she€attended€a€going€away€party€for€appellant€at€theÐ /(#' ÐLoganððs€restaurant€in€Clarksville.€€€Ð )h$( ÐÌà  àIn€January€1997,€Ms.€Lane€received€a€telephone€call€from€appellant€advising€her€that€he€hadÐ ê*:&* Ðreturned€to€Tennessee.€€From€February€1997€to€April€24,€1997,€appellant€called€Ms.€Lane€once€orÐ Ó+#'+ Ðtwice€a€week.€€Ms.€Lane€testified€that€most€of€these€calls€were€made€in€an€attempt€by€appellant€toÐ ° Ðbe€re„hired€at€Shoneyððs.€€Approximately€one€week€prior€to€the€murders,€on€or€about€April€18,€1997,Ð ™é ÐMs.€Laneððs€daughter€called€her€at€work€and€told€her€appellant€called€their€home.€€Appellant€advisedÐ ‚Ò ÐMs.€Laneððs€daughter€that€he€was€in€town€and€was€going€to€stop€by€their€house.€€Ms.€Lane€testifiedÐ k» Ðthat€appellant€had€never€stopped€by€their€house€before,€and€she€got€a€bad€feeling€about€it.€€By€theÐ T¤ Ðtime€she€drove€from€Shoneyððs€in€Nashville€to€Clarksville,€appellant€was€at€her€house.€€He€told€Ms.Ð =  ÐLane€that€he€was€passing€through€Clarksville.€€Because€Ms.€Lane€had€to€get€a€tire€repaired,€appellantÐ & v Ðfollowed€her€to€drop€off€her€car€and€took€her€home.€€€Appellant€spent€the€night€at€Ms.€Laneððs€houseÐ  _ Ðthat€night€so€that€he€could€drive€her€to€work€in€Nashville€at€4:00€a.m.€€She€testified€that€she€did€notÐ ø H Ðhear€from€him€again€until€the€April€24€phone€call.€Ð á 1  ÐÌà  àAlthough€Ms.€Lane€testified€that€she€had€developed€only€a€friendship€with€appellant,€onÐ ³  Ðcross„examination,€she€admitted€that€she€kept€in€touch€with€appellant€while€he€lived€in€Texas.€Ð œì  ÐSeveral€cards€were€introduced€into€evidence€in€which€she€expressed€her€love€for€him€and€referredÐ …Õ  Ðto€him€affectionately.€€Despite€this€evidence,€she€denied€that€she€was€ever€in€love€with€appellant.€Ð n¾  ÐWhen€she€was€questioned€as€to€whether€appellant€had€said€in€the€April€24€phone€call€that€he€hadÐ W§  Ðbeen€in€town€the€day€before€or€night€before,€she€replied€he€said€it€was€late€and€too€late€to€stop€by.€Ð @ ЀShe€could€not€remember€if€appellant€attempted€to€call€her€the€afternoon€of€April€23.€€Ms.€Lane€alsoÐ )y Ðtestified€that€when€appellant€visited€her€home€the€week€prior€to€the€Baskin„Robbins€murders,Ð b Ðappellant€was€driving€a€new€red€car,€but€she€did€not€know€the€make€of€the€car.€€€€€€Ð ûK ÐÌà  àTwo€representatives€associated€with€Texaco€testified€that€appellant€purchased€gasoline€usingÐ Í Ða€Texaco€credit€card€at€a€Texaco€convenience€store€located€on€Rossview€Road€in€Clarksville€onÐ ¶ ÐApril€23,€1997.€€Paul€Barrs,€who€worked€with€the€company€that€operated€the€Texaco,€testified€thatÐ Ÿï Ðhis€company€keeps€the€original€receipt€of€all€credit€card€purchases€made€at€the€convenience€store.€Ð ˆØ ÐHe€identified€a€signed€credit€card€receipt€from€April€23,€1997,€which€showed€that€the€appellantÐ qÁ Ðpurchased€$11.95€worth€of€gasoline€at€9:45€p.m.€€Handwriting€experts€confirmed€that€the€signatureÐ Zª Ðon€the€receipt€was€in€fact€appellantððs€signature.€€Ð C“ ÐÌà  àAdditionally,€Jimmie€Jones,€manager€of€merchant€sales€for€the€Shell/Texaco€Saudi€ArabiaÐ e ÐLines,€testified€that€he€was€responsible€for€the€settlement€of€all€the€credit€card€transactions€back€toÐ þN ÐTexaco€and€Shell€dealers.€€His€companyððs€records€reflected€that€a€purchase€of€$11.95€was€made€atÐ ç 7 Ðthe€Rossview€Road€Texaco€station€at€9:52€p.m.€on€April€23,€1997,€on€credit€card€numberÐ Ð!   Ð1163025487„09001.€€Mr.€Jones€testified€that€there€could€be€some€time€differential€between€the€timeÐ ¹" ! Ðrecorded€on€the€register€at€the€sale€location€and€the€time€recorded€by€the€host€computer€in€Houston,Ð ¢#ò" ÐTexas.€€Additionally,€officer€Patrick€Postiglione€testified€that€during€a€search€of€appellantððs€homeÐ ‹$Û# Ðin€Nashville,€a€Texaco€credit€card€was€found€in€appellantððs€wallet€in€the€name€of€Paul€D.€Reid,Ð t%Ä $ Ðmatching€the€account€number€shown€on€the€Texaco€receipt€that€was€admitted€into€evidence.€Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àSeveral€witnesses€reported€seeing€a€red€car€either€in€the€vicinity€of€Baskin„Robbins€orÐ /(#' ÐDunbar€Cave€State€Park€on€April€23,€1997,€but€the€descriptions€of€the€car€varied.€€Appellant€leasedÐ )h$( Ða€1997€red,€four„door€Ford€Escort€with€gray€interior€from€Crown€Ford€in€Nashville€in€FebruaryÐ *Q%) Ð1997;€he€pre„paid€the€lease€amount€of€$5,700€at€that€time€and€accepted€delivery€of€the€vehicle€inÐ ê*:&* ÐMarch.€€Linda€Patton,€a€woman€appellant€dated€while€he€resided€in€Texas€during€1996,€co„signedÐ Ó+#'+ Ðon€the€lease€for€appellant.€€The€car€did€not€include€floor€mats;€therefore,€appellant€purchased€grayÐ ° Ðfloor€mats€from€a€Wal„Mart€store€in€Gallatin€on€March€25,€1997.€€The€sales€person€that€leased€theÐ ™é Ðcar€to€appellant€testified€that€he€specifically€explained€to€appellant€that€the€car€had€childproof€locksÐ ‚Ò Ðon€the€back€doors,€which€if€activated€would€restrict€anyone€from€opening€the€rear€doors€from€theÐ k» Ðinside€of€the€car.€à ¸ àÐ T¤ Ѐ€Ð =  Ðà  àGeorge€Hertenstein€was€one€of€the€witnesses€that€notified€the€police€that€he€saw€a€red€car€onÐ & v Ðthe€night€of€April€23,€1997,€near€Baskin„Robbins.€€In€June€1997,€Mr.€Hertenstein€called€the€policeÐ  _ Ðand€advised€them€that€on€the€night€of€April€23,€1997,€he€traveled€from€his€home€to€the€TraneÐ ø H ÐCompany€to€report€to€work.€€During€his€commute€to€work€that€evening,€he€followed€a€red€car€fromÐ á 1  Ðthe€Texaco€on€Rossview€Road€to€Union€Hall€Road,€which€is€the€first€road€after€the€Baskin„RobbinsÐ Ê   Ðentrance.€€€Mr.€Hertenstein€testified€at€trial€that€he€remembered€that€the€taillights€of€the€car€heÐ ³  Ðfollowed€were€a€tear„drop€shape€that€wrapped€around€the€side.€€Mr.€Hertenstein€recalled€that€the€carÐ œì  Ðslowed€down€right€in€front€of€Baskin„Robbins.€€When€he€attempted€to€pass€the€car,€the€car€abruptlyÐ …Õ  Ðturned€off€onto€Union€Hall€Road.€€€He€traveled€on€to€work,€which€he€estimated€was€a€quarter€mileÐ n¾  Ðbeyond€where€the€red€car€turned.€€He€testified€at€trial€that€his€watch€showed€that€it€was€9:59€p.m.Ð W§  Ðwhen€he€pulled€into€work.€€He€stated€that€his€watch€may€have€been€fast€by€three€to€four€minutes.€Ð @ ÐHe€identified€two€pictures€of€appellantððs€car€as€being€identical€to€the€car€he€saw€on€April€23,€1997.€Ð )y ÐMr.€Hertenstein€admitted€on€cross„examination€that€he€saw€pictures€of€appellantððs€car€on€a€televisionÐ b Ðnews€report€prior€to€talking€to€the€police.€€He€also€admitted€that€in€April€1998€he€told€privateÐ ûK Ðinvestigators€that€the€car€he€saw€had€two€doors,€and€appellantððs€car€had€four€doors.Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àJerry€Pardue€knew€Michelle€Mace€and€had€even€gone€on€a€couple€of€dates€with€her.€€HeÐ ¶ Ðtestified€that€he€often€stopped€by€Baskin„Robbins€after€he€left€work;€therefore,€he€knew€several€ofÐ Ÿï Ðthe€employees.€€On€the€night€of€April€23,€1997,€Mr.€Pardue€completed€his€shift€at€Precision€Printing,Ð ˆØ Ðleft€Precision€at€10:02€p.m.,€and€was€in€the€vicinity€of€Baskin„Robbins€around€10:07€or€10:08.€€AsÐ qÁ Ðhe€approached€Baskin„Robbins,€he€slowed€down.€€He€saw€Angela€Holmesððs€car€in€the€parking€lotÐ Zª Ðand€a€red€car€in€the€back€of€the€parking€lot€that€was€shared€with€Anytime€Storage.€€At€trial,€heÐ C“ Ðrecalled€that€the€red€car€was€parked€in€front€of€the€storage€facilityððs€office,€with€the€headlights€of€theÐ ,| Ðcar€facing€the€drive„thru€window€at€Baskin„Robbins.€€He€testified€at€trial€that€he€could€tell€the€carÐ e Ðwas€a€small,€red€car.€€He€testified€that€the€car€pictured€in€exhibit€39,€appellantððs€car,€could€very€wellÐ þN Ðbe€the€car€he€saw€the€night€of€April€23,€1997.€€Mr.€Pardue€further€testified€at€trial€that€he€slowedÐ ç 7 Ðdown€in€front€of€Baskin„Robbins€and€looked€in€the€store€for€seven€to€eight€seconds.€€He€noticed€thatÐ Ð!   Ðsome€of€the€interior€lights€were€on€inside€the€store,€but€the€exterior€lights€had€been€turned€off.€€HeÐ ¹" ! Ðrecalled€that€it€appeared€dim€inside€the€store,€as€it€did€when€the€employees€were€closing.€€He€alsoÐ ¢#ò" Ðsaw€a€mop€bucket€in€front€of€the€customer€area,€but€did€not€see€anyone€inside€the€store.€€He€did€notÐ ‹$Û# Ðstop.€€€On€cross„examination,€Mr.€Pardue€admitted€that€he€had€told€TBI€investigators€that€the€red€carÐ t%Ä $ Ðhe€saw€appeared€to€be€a€two€door€hatchback€that€looked€like€a€GEO€Metro,€but€he€testified€at€trialÐ ]&­!% Ðthat€he€was€not€sure€about€that€at€all.€€He€also€admitted€that€he€told€the€investigators€that€the€car€hadÐ F'–"& Ðblack€bumpers,€but€he€explained€that€he€knew€the€car€did€not€have€chrome€bumpers.€€The€bumpersÐ /(#' Ðof€the€car€could€have€been€either€black€or€painted€the€same€color€of€the€car.€Ð )h$( ÐÌà  àJay€Smith€also€saw€a€red€car€on€the€evening€of€April€23,€1997.€€Jay€Smith,€his€girlfriendÐ ê*:&* ÐHolly€Schmidt,€and€Shannon€Reeves€went€through€a€McDonaldððs€drive€thru€on€Riverside€Drive€inÐ Ó+#'+ ÐClarksville€at€10:28€p.m.€€They€drove€to€Ms.€Schmidtððs€house€at€338€Old€Dunbar€Cave€Road,€whichÐ ° Ðtook€them€five€to€ten€minutes.€€Ms.€Schmidtððs€house€is€located€across€the€street€from€an€entrance€toÐ ™é Ðand€parking€lot€for€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park.€€Mr.€Smith€recalled€at€trial€that€immediately€beforeÐ ‚Ò Ðturning€into€Hollyððs€driveway,€he€saw€a€car€parked€in€the€parking€lot€of€the€state€park.€€The€car€wasÐ k» Ðnot€in€a€parking€space.€€The€front€of€the€car€was€facing€Hollyððs€driveway,€and€the€taillights€wereÐ T¤ Ðfacing€the€lake.€€The€headlights€of€the€car€were€off.€€The€car€was€a€red€four„door,€and€it€appeared€thatÐ =  Ðthe€windows€were€tinted.€€Mr.€Smith€was€unsure€about€the€make€of€the€car.€€Smith€testified€thatÐ & v Ðwhen€they€arrived€at€Hollyððs€house,€they€went€inside,€and€he€did€not€see€the€car€again.€€Ð  _ ÐÌà  àMr.€Smith€testified€that€he€was€a€friend€of€Michelle€Mace,€and€that€he€had€received€a€callÐ á 1  Ðearly€the€morning€of€April€24,€1997,€concerning€her€disappearance.€€Mr.€Smith€admitted€on€cross„Ð Ê   Ðexamination€that€he€told€investigators€early€in€May€1997€that€the€car€looked€like€several€differentÐ ³  Ðmakes€of€cars,€none€of€which€matched€appellantððs€car.€€Furthermore,€Mr.€Smith€admitted€that€heÐ œì  Ðcontacted€police€on€May€27,€1997,€and€gave€them€a€license€tag€of€a€red€Nissan€Pulsar€that€he€thoughtÐ …Õ  Ðcould€have€been€the€car€he€saw€in€the€parking€lot.€€Finally,€Mr.€Smith€testified€at€trial€that€the€carÐ n¾  Ðthat€he€saw€on€the€night€of€April€23,€1997,€was€consistent€with€the€pictures€of€appellantððs€automobileÐ W§  Ðthat€were€introduced€into€evidence.Ð @ ÐÌà  àShannon€Reeves€testified€that€he€was€in€the€back€passenger€seat€of€Smithððs€car€on€the€driveÐ b Ðfrom€McDonaldððs€to€Holly€Schmidtððs€house€across€from€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park.€€According€to€Mr.Ð ûK ÐReeves,€when€they€arrived€at€Hollyððs€house,€they€stood€outside€and€talked€for€a€while.€€He€noticedÐ ä4 Ðthe€car€across€the€street€in€the€parking€lot€of€Dunbar€Cave.€€He€could€not€make€out€any€of€the€detailsÐ Í Ðof€the€car.€€In€fact,€he€testified€that€while€they€stood€outside,€the€car€had€its€headlights€on€andÐ ¶ Ðactually€changed€the€headlights€from€a€regular€beam€to€high€beam.€€He€recalled€that€he€wonderedÐ Ÿï Ðwhat€was€going€on.€€He€testified€that€he€may€have€seen€the€silhouette€of€a€person€outside€the€car,€butÐ ˆØ Ðthere€definitely€had€to€be€someone€inside€the€car€because€the€lights€changed€from€regular€to€highÐ qÁ Ðbeam.€€He€admitted€that€he€told€investigators€that€he€thought€the€car€might€have€been€a€hatchback.€Ð Zª ÐÌà  àBarbara€McWilliams€and€Martin€McIntyre€testified€during€the€defenseððs€proof.€€They€bothÐ ,| Ðworked€at€Riverbend€Maximum€Security€prison€in€Nashville.€€After€work€on€April€23,€1997,€theyÐ e Ðdrove€separately€to€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park.€€They€parked€in€the€parking€lot€across€the€street€fromÐ þN ÐHolly€Schmidtððs€house.€€They€estimated€that€they€arrived€between€10:50€and€11:00€p.m.€€Ms.Ð ç 7 ÐMcWilliams€was€driving€a€black€Ford€Contour,€and€Mr.€McIntyre€was€driving€a€blue€1995€ChevroletÐ Ð!   ÐCavalier.€€They€parked€their€cars€in€the€opposite€direction€of€each€other€in€the€parking€lot€so€that€theÐ ¹" ! Ðdriverððs€side€doors€faced€each€other.€€They€got€out€of€their€respective€vehicles€to€get€informationÐ ¢#ò" Ðrelated€to€reserving€a€cabin€at€the€park.€€Neither€saw€any€other€vehicles€in€the€parking€lot€while€theyÐ ‹$Û# Ðwere€there.€€Mr.€McIntyre€estimated€that€they€left€ten€to€fifteen€minutes€after€their€arrival.€€Ms.Ð t%Ä $ ÐMcWilliams€testified€that€they€left€the€parking€area€between€11:20€and€11:30€p.m.Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àShaun€Furmanek€was€at€his€girlfriendððs€house€on€the€night€of€April€23,1997.€€Mr.Ð /(#' ÐFurmanekððs€girlfriend,€Jennifer€Schmidt,€also€lived€at€338€Old€Dunbar€Cave€Road,€which€is€acrossÐ )h$( Ðthe€street€from€Dunbar€Cave€State€Park.€€He€testified€that€he€went€outside€to€smoke€a€cigarette€andÐ *Q%) Ðsaw€two€cars€parked€in€the€parking€lot.€€One€of€the€cars€was€facing€his€girlfriendððs€house€and€theÐ ê*:&* Ðother€car€was€facing€away€from€her€house.€€He€could€see€the€silhouette€of€heads€in€the€cars€but€heÐ Ó+#'+ Ðcould€not€see€the€color€of€either€of€the€cars.€€He€estimated€that€he€saw€the€cars€between€7:00€p.m.Ð ° Ðand€midnight.€€He€recalled€that€Jay€Smith€and€Shannon€Reeves€arrived€at€the€Schmidtððs€house€afterÐ ™é Ðhe€saw€the€cars€in€the€parking€lot.€€€€€€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àDue€to€the€reports€of€the€various€witnesses€who€saw€a€red€car€either€in€the€vicinity€of€Baskin„Ð T¤ ÐRobbins€or€the€Dunbar€Cave€area€on€the€night€in€question,€Detective€Robert€Miller€was€required€toÐ =  Ðtravel€the€various€routes€potentially€taken€by€the€appellant€and€the€witnesses,€measure€the€distancesÐ & v Ðinvolved,€and€determine€the€time€it€took€to€drive€those€routes,€as€part€of€his€investigation.€€At€trial,Ð  _ ÐDetective€Miller€testified€that€he€drove€from€Elfreida€Laneððs€residence,€2015€Sweetbriar,€to€a€TexacoÐ ø H Ðconvenience€store€at€the€intersection€of€Warfield€Boulevard€and€Rossview€Road.€€According€toÐ á 1  ÐDetective€Miller,€this€distance€was€.7€miles,€which€took€him€approximately€one€minute€to€drive.€Ð Ê   ÐDetective€Miller€then€drove€from€the€Texaco€to€the€Baskin„Robbins€at€issue,€which€is€a€distance€ofÐ ³  Ð.9€miles€and€takes€approximately€three€minutes€to€drive.€€Next,€Detective€Miller€testified€that€heÐ œì  Ðmeasured€the€distance€from€Baskin„Robbins€to€the€Dunbar€Cave€area€via€three€different€routes.€€TheÐ …Õ  Ðroutes€ranged€in€distance€from€3.6€miles€to€2.1€miles,€and€the€time€for€driving€those€routes€rangedÐ n¾  Ðfrom€five€minutes€to€four€minutes.€€Detective€Miller€also€drove€two€routes€from€a€McDonaldððsÐ W§  Ðrestaurant€in€Clarksville€to€the€Dunbar€Cave€area,€a€distance€of€4€to€4.5€miles,€which€tookÐ @ Ðapproximately€eight€minutes€to€drive.€€€Detective€Miller€testified€that€Guthrie,€Kentucky€wasÐ )y Ðapproximately€a€five€minute€drive€from€the€exit€four€interchange€near€the€Baskin„Robbins€on€WilmaÐ b ÐRudolph€Boulevard.Ð ûK ÐÌà  àDetective€Miller€was€also€involved€in€the€investigation€of€the€robbery€at€Baskin„Robbins.€Ð Í ÐWhen€the€detectives€arrived€at€Baskin„Robbins€following€the€disappearance€of€Ms.€Holmes€and€Ms.Ð ¶ ÐMace,€they€found€the€top€to€a€floor€safe€on€the€office€desk.€€The€only€money€found€in€the€store€wasÐ Ÿï Ðin€the€purses€of€the€two€employees€and€in€a€small€bankerððs€box€in€the€office,€which€contained€mostlyÐ ˆØ Ðcoins.€€None€of€the€money€bags€kept€in€the€regular€course€of€business€were€located.€€ThreeÐ qÁ Ðfingerprints€were€lifted€from€the€ice€cream€cooler€area€and€other€areas€of€the€store.€€The€detectivesÐ Zª Ðalso€found€shoe€prints€in€the€store.€€During€the€course€of€the€investigation,€shoes€from€severalÐ C“ Ðindividuals€were€sent€to€the€TBI€crime€lab€for€testing.€€Additionally,€the€store€recorded€the€interiorÐ ,| Ðarea€via€a€television€in€the€office.€€The€videotape€from€the€store€video€recorder€was€never€found.Ð e ÐÌà  àTodd€Halliday,€part„owner€of€the€Baskin„Robbins€at€issue,€testified€that€each€day€four€start„Ð ç 7 Ðup€money€bags€were€provided€to€the€employees€containing€$100€each€for€the€purpose€of€makingÐ Ð!   Ðchange.€€At€the€end€of€each€day,€the€employees€closed€out€each€register,€put€the€money€from€theÐ ¹" ! Ðsales€of€the€day€into€the€money€bags,€and€placed€the€bags€in€the€safe.€€According€to€Mr.€Halliday,Ð ¢#ò" Ðthe€sales€for€April€23,€1997€totaled€$1,165.58.€€Therefore,€including€the€$400€in€start„up€money,€theÐ ‹$Û# Ðstore€would€have€had€$1,565.58€in€cash.€€None€of€this€money€was€ever€recovered€following€the€AprilÐ t%Ä $ Ð23€disappearance€and€murders€of€the€store€employees.€€Mr.€Halliday€further€testified€that€the€twoÐ ]&­!% Ðexterior€doors€to€the€parking€lot€were€equipped€with€panic€doors.€€In€order€to€lock€the€doors,€anÐ F'–"& Ðemployee€would€turn€a€screw€on€the€panic€bar€with€a€screwdriver,€which€would€cause€the€door€toÐ /(#' Ðlock€each€time€it€was€shut.€€No€key€was€needed€to€unlock€the€panic€bar€from€inside.€€Instead,Ð )h$( Ðsomeone€merely€had€to€push€the€panic€bar€in€order€to€open€it.€€A€key€was€required€to€unlock€the€doorÐ *Q%) Ðfrom€the€outside.€€€€Ð ê*:&* ÐÐ Ó+#'+ Ðà  àTwo€of€appellantððs€former€Shoneyððs€co„workers€testified€that€appellant€engaged€inÐ ° Ðconversation€concerning€robbery€of€fast„food€restaurants€as€a€means€of€making€money.€€DannyÐ ™é ÐTackett€testified€that€appellant€was€in€dire€straits€financially.€€During€a€January€1997€conversation,Ð ‚Ò Ðappellant€told€Mr.€Tackett€that€given€his€size€and€Tackettððs€speed,€they€could€ð ðgo€anywhere€and€getÐ k» Ðanything.ðð€€Appellant€then€asked€him€how€he€thought€they€could€make€money,€and€Tackett€repliedÐ T¤ Ðthat€they€could€rob€a€fast„food€restaurant€in€the€middle€of€the€night€when€there€would€be€noÐ =  Ðwitnesses.€€Mr.€Tackett€admitted€on€cross„examination€that€appellant€often€made€jokes,€and€heÐ & v Ðthought€appellant€was€joking€when€the€comments€were€made.Ð  _ ÐÌà  àJeffrey€Potter€testified€that€in€January€1997,€just€prior€to€appellantððs€termination€fromÐ á 1  ÐShoneyððs,€appellant€told€him€that€robbery€was€an€easy€way€to€make€money€without€having€to€workÐ Ê   Ðfor€it.€€Mr.€Potter€admitted€that€he€had€previously€stated€that€this€conversation€with€appellantÐ ³  Ðoccurred€in€the€summer€of€1996.€€Further,€Mr.€Potter€admitted€that€he€did€not€tell€the€police€aboutÐ œì  Ðthis€conversation€when€they€first€interviewed€him€on€June€7,€1997.€Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àLinda€Patton,€appellantððs€girlfriend€from€Texas,€visited€appellant€on€May€3,€1997.€€AppellantÐ W§  Ðhad€sent€her€a€letter€dated€April€24,€1997,€in€which€he€stated€that€he€was€enclosing€a€$125€moneyÐ @ Ðorder€to€pay€for€half€of€her€airfare.€€The€money€order€was€not€actually€enclosed,€but€she€receivedÐ )y Ðanother€letter€dated€April€26,€1997,€that€did€include€the€money€order.€€€During€her€visit€to€Nashville,Ð b Ðthey€stayed€at€a€motel€and€visited€various€Nashville€tourist€attractions,€all€of€which€appellant€paidÐ ûK Ðfor.€€She€believed€that€he€paid€for€everything€with€cash,€but€the€defense€presented€proof€to€show€thatÐ ä4 Ðhe€paid€for€some€of€the€attractions€with€a€credit€card.€€At€the€time,€appellant€had€a€balance€of€onlyÐ Í Ð$66.72€in€his€checking€account.€€€€€€à h àÐ ¶ ÐÌà  àDNA€and€fiber€testing€were€conducted€as€a€part€of€the€investigation€of€the€murders.€€BloodÐ ˆØ Ðsamples€were€drawn€from€appellant€and€the€body€of€Angela€Holmes.€€Blood€from€the€t„shirtÐ qÁ ÐMichelle€Mace€was€wearing€was€used€as€her€blood€sample.€€Shelly€Betts,€an€employee€of€the€TBIÐ Zª Ðserology€and€DNA€unit,€established€DNA€profiles€from€the€blood€sample€taken€from€Angela€HolmesÐ C“ Ðand€the€blood€on€the€shirt€of€Michelle€Mace.€€She€used€the€polymerase€chain€reaction€(PCR)€processÐ ,| Ðto€determine€the€DNA€profiles.€€Ð e ÐÌà  àSamero€Zavaro,€also€a€serology€and€DNA€specialist€with€the€TBI,€established€a€DNA€profileÐ ç 7 Ðof€appellant€using€the€PCR€method.€€She€also€tested€two€brown€Nike€tennis€shoes€removed€fromÐ Ð!   Ðappellantððs€home€during€a€search.€€Her€testing€revealed€that€human€blood€was€present€on€both€shoes.€Ð ¹" ! ÐTesting€of€the€blood€on€the€left€shoe€excluded€Michelle€Mace€and€appellant€as€€donors,€but€includedÐ ¢#ò" ÐAngela€Holmes.€€She€testified€that€the€probability€of€selecting€an€unrelated€individual€that€wouldÐ ‹$Û# Ðhave€the€same€profile€in€the€Caucasian€population€was€1€in€6,800€individuals€and€was€1€in€4,400Ð t%Ä $ Ðindividuals€in€the€African„American€population.€€€The€blood€stains€on€the€right€shoe€were€veryÐ ]&­!% Ðsmall;€therefore,€Zavero€testified€she€combined€the€blood€stains€in€order€to€have€enough€to€test.€€InÐ F'–"& Ðestablishing€the€profile,€she€determined€that€it€was€consistent€with€multiple€donors.€€When€sheÐ /(#' Ðcompared€the€profile€to€the€samples€from€appellant,€Holmes,€and€Mace,€appellant€was€excluded€asÐ )h$( Ða€donor,€but€neither€Ms.€Holmes€nor€Ms.€Mace€could€be€excluded.€€Zavaro€could€not€give€anyÐ *Q%) Ðstatistics€or€percentages€as€to€the€probability€of€an€unrelated€individual€to€Mace€or€Holmes€as€beingÐ ê*:&* Ðthe€donor€of€the€sample,€because€the€blood€was€a€mixture.€€Ð Ó+#'+ Їà  àMeghan€Clement,€an€associate€director€in€the€forensic€identity€testing€department€atÐ ° ÐLaboratory€Corporation€of€America€Holdings€Incorporated€(ð ðLabCorpðð)€conducted€additional€DNAÐ ™é Ðtesting.€€Ms.€Clement€performed€a€PCR€DNA€analysis€and€looked€at€six€markers€other€than€thoseÐ ‚Ò Ðutilized€by€the€TBI.€€As€to€the€left€shoe,€LabCorpððs€testing€revealed€reportable€results€at€three€of€theÐ k» Ðsix€markers€tested.€€The€profile€obtained€was€consistent€with€Angela€Holmesððs€profile.€€ClementÐ T¤ Ðtestified€that€the€odds€of€selecting€an€unrelated€individual€that€had€the€same€profile€at€those€threeÐ =  Ðlocations€was€1€in€465€in€the€Caucasian€population,€1€in€2,911€in€the€African„American€population,Ð & v Ðand€1€in€639€for€the€Hispanic€population.€€From€the€appellantððs€right€shoe,€she€was€able€to€developÐ  _ Ða€profile€from€four€of€the€locations€that€they€tested€and€determined€that€there€was€a€mixture€of€DNAÐ ø H Ðfrom€more€than€one€individual.€€She€further€determined€that€neither€of€the€victims€nor€the€appellantÐ á 1  Ðcould€be€excluded€as€possible€donors.€€She€also€did€not€calculate€statistics€on€blood€mixtures.€€€Ms.Ð Ê   ÐClement€explained€that€her€results€were€different€from€the€TBI€testing€because€the€markers€used€byÐ ³  Ðthe€two€laboratories€were€different.€€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àMs.€Clement€also€performed€a€combined€statistical€analysis€of€the€DNA€on€appellantððs€leftÐ n¾  Ðshoe.€€She€testified€that€when€the€six€locations€that€the€TBI€tested€were€combined€with€the€threeÐ W§  Ðreportable€results€that€she€tested,€the€probability€that€a€person€unrelated€to€Angela€Holmes€was€theÐ @ Ðdonor€of€the€blood€was€1€in€3,250,000€for€the€Caucasian€population,€1€in€1,810,000€in€the€African„Ð )y ÐAmerican€population,€1€in€4,950,000€in€the€southeastern€Hispanic€population,€and€1€in€4,520,000Ð b Ðin€the€southwestern€Hispanic€population.€€Furthermore,€she€explained€that€based€upon€her€combinedÐ ûK Ðstatistical€analysis,€she€determined€that€appellant€could€be€absolutely€excluded€from€the€DNAÐ ä4 Ðpresent€on€the€right€shoe.Ð Í ÐÌà  àDr.€William€Shields,€professor€of€biology€at€the€State€University€of€New€York€College€ofÐ Ÿï ÐEnvironmental€Science€and€Forestry€at€Syracuse€University,€testified€for€the€defense€as€a€zoologyÐ ˆØ Ðand€DNA€analysis€expert.€€Dr.€Shields€questioned€the€combined€statistical€analysis€of€appellantððsÐ qÁ Ðleft€shoe€used€by€Ms.€Clement.€€After€Dr.€Shields€adjusted€for€errors€he€claims€Clement€made€inÐ Zª Ðconducting€the€combined€statistical€analysis,€he€opined€that€the€probability€that€an€individualÐ C“ Ðunrelated€to€Ms.€Holmes€contributed€to€the€sample€on€the€left€shoe€was€between€1€in€122,000€andÐ ,| Ð1€in€12,000,000€in€the€Caucasian€population,€with€the€best€estimate€being€1€in€1,200,000.€€€Dr.Ð e ÐShields€further€challenged€the€methodology€of€combining€the€stains€from€the€right€shoe€to€establishÐ þN Ða€DNA€profile.€€Dr.€Shields€testified€that€the€PCR€process€used€by€Zavaro€could€obtain€DNA€fromÐ ç 7 Ða€single€cell;€therefore,€there€was€no€reason€to€mix€the€stains.Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  àLinda€Littlejohn,€who€works€in€the€trace€evidence€unit€of€the€TBI€crime€laboratory€andÐ ¢#ò" Ðspecializes€in€fiber€comparisons,€testified€that€she€took€hair€samples€from€the€victims€for€testingÐ ‹$Û# Ðpurposes€and€removed€an€apron€from€Angela€Holmesððs€body€that€was€used€as€a€ligature€to€tie€herÐ t%Ä $ Ðhands.€€She€also€received€articles€of€the€victimsðð€clothing,€photographs€of€shoe€prints€from€Baskin„Ð ]&­!% ÐRobbins,€nine€pairs€of€appellantððs€shoes,€and€eight€pairs€of€shoes€belonging€to€other€people.€€NoneÐ F'–"& Ðof€the€shoe€prints€from€Baskin„Robbins€or€Dunbar€Cave€matched€appellantððs€shoes.€€Ð /(#' ÐÌà  àAppellantððs€car€was€vacuumed€for€trace€evidence.€€In€addition,€the€TBI€agents€tookÐ *Q%) Ðupholstery,€carpet,€and€floor€mat€samples€from€the€car€for€testing€the€presence€of€blood.€€AgentÐ ê*:&* ÐLittlejohn€also€took€fiber€samples€from€the€backseat€of€the€car,€the€back€floor€mat,€and€the€carpetÐ Ó+#'+ Ðof€the€car.€€She€also€collected€debris€from€the€victimsððs€clothing.€€Agent€Littlejohn€testified€thatÐ ° Ðwhen€she€tested€Angela€Holmesððs€clothing,€she€found€two€gray€polyester€fibers€consistent€with€theÐ ™é Ðseat€sample€taken€from€appellantððs€car€and€one€gray€trilobel€olefin€fiber€consistent€with€the€floor€matÐ ‚Ò Ðsample.€€With€respect€to€Michelle€Maceððs€clothing,€she€found€two€gray€polyester€fibers€consistentÐ k» Ðwith€the€seat€sample,€one€green€polyester€fiber€consistent€with€the€polyester€seat€sample,€one€grayÐ T¤ Ðnylon€fiber€consistent€with€the€carpet€sample,€and€three€gray€olefin€fibers€consistent€with€the€olefinÐ =  Ðseat€sample.€€Additionally,€fiber€on€Michelle€Maceððs€shoes€was€consistent€with€fibers€from€the€floorÐ & v Ðmat€sample€from€appellantððs€car.€€Agent€Littlejohn€also€found€a€fiber€on€one€of€appellantððs€shoes€thatÐ  _ Ðwas€consistent€with€the€floor€mat€sample€from€his€car.€€Agent€Littlejohn€testified€that€in€herÐ ø H Ðexperience€it€was€ð ða€very€rare€case€that€you€find€eleven€fibers€that€match€one€source.ðð€€The€defenseÐ á 1  Ðattempted€to€rebut€this€evidence€with€testimony€as€to€the€popularity,€and€thus€volume,€of€the€FordÐ Ê   ÐEscort€and€car€mats€sold€throughout€the€United€States.Ð ³  ÐÌà  àRobert€McFadden,€a€forensic€scientist€employed€by€the€TBI,€testified€that€fingerprint€testingÐ …Õ  Ðwas€conducted€in€the€course€of€the€investigation.€€One€of€the€fingerprints€found€at€Baskin„RobbinsÐ n¾  Ðmatched€a€print€from€Michelle€Mace.€€Appellantððs€car€was€also€tested.€€Agent€McFadden€explainedÐ W§  Ðthat€when€the€appellantððs€car€was€recovered€and€processed,€it€was€ð ðvery€clean.ðð€€Therefore,€printsÐ @ Ðwould€be€undetectable,€unless€they€were€left€very€recently€after€the€cleaning.€€Prints€were€recoveredÐ )y Ðfrom€the€car,€but€none€matched€either€of€the€victimsðð€prints€or€the€appellantððs.€€Moreover,€sevenÐ b Ðprints€found€on€pieces€of€paper€in€appellantððs€car€all€matched€prints€from€the€appellant.Ð ûK ÐÌà  àDr.€Charles€Harlan€performed€the€autopsies€on€the€victims.€€He€testified€that€Angela€HolmesÐ Í Ðdied€as€the€result€of€an€incision€to€the€neck.€€She€had€multiple€stab€wounds,€including€non„Ð ¶ Ðpenetrating€stab€wounds€to€the€head.€€The€stab€wound€to€Ms.€Holmesððs€neck€was€a€deep€wound€thatÐ Ÿï Ðwent€ð ðall€the€way€to€the€backbone.ðð€€€The€wound€transected€the€left€common€carotid€artery€and€theÐ ˆØ Ðjugular€vein,€injured€the€spinal€column,€and€cut€into€the€backbone€in€two€areas.€€Angela€Holmes€diedÐ qÁ Ðas€a€result€of€blood€loss€from€the€neck€wound.€€According€to€Dr.€Harlan,€she€survived€for€a€periodÐ Zª Ðof€five€to€ten€minutes€and€was€conscious€for€approximately€eighty€percent€of€the€time€from€theÐ C“ Ðinfliction€of€the€injury€to€the€time€of€death.€€Dr.€Harlan€testified€that€the€stab€wounds€could€haveÐ ,| Ðbeen€inflicted€by€a€knife€or€other€sharp€instrument€and€were€consistent€with€a€knife€blade€of€eightÐ e Ðto€nine€inches.€€Dr.€Harlan€testified€that€because€the€neck€wound€did€not€affect€Angela€HolmesððsÐ þN Ðnervous€system,€she€ð ðwould€have€had€conscious€control€of€her€bodily€functions,€consciousÐ ç 7 Ðmovement,€etc.€for€at€least€that€period€of€time€up€to€eighty€percent€of€the€amount€of€time€it€took€herÐ Ð!   Ðto€die.ðð€€Ð ¹" ! ÐÌà  àDr.€Harlan€testified€that€Michelle€Mace€also€received€multiple€stab€wounds.€€In€fact,€Ms.Ð ‹$Û# ÐMace€received€fourteen€stab€wounds,€but,€like€Ms.€Holmes,€the€fatal€incision€was€a€stab€wound€toÐ t%Ä $ Ðthe€neck.€€Dr.€Harlan€used€a€styrofoam€ball€to€assist€in€illustrating€to€the€jury€the€injuries€Ms.€MaceÐ ]&­!% Ðreceived€to€her€head€and€neck.€€Dr.€Harlan€explained€that€the€incision€to€Ms.€Maceððs€neck€was€aÐ F'–"& Ðcompound€incision€that€reached€the€backbone.€€The€incision€consisted€of€at€least€three€differentÐ /(#' Ðchanges€of€direction,€which€resulted€in€five€cuts€to€the€vertebral€column,€three€of€which€penetratedÐ )h$( Ðbone,€with€the€deepest€of€those€penetrating€one€quarter€of€an€inch€into€the€backbone.€€Dr.€HarlanÐ *Q%) Ðtestified€that€the€stab€wound€was€consistent€with€a€sawing€motion.€€Michelle€Mace€also€remainedÐ ê*:&* Ðalive€for€five€to€fifteen€minutes€and€remained€conscious€eighty€percent€of€the€time€from€inflictionÐ Ó+#'+ Ðof€the€wound€to€death.€€In€addition€to€the€multiple€stab€wounds€to€her€head€and€face,€Michelle€MaceÐ ° Ðalso€received€a€stab€wound€to€her€right€shoulder€that€struck€the€shoulder€blade.€€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àMitchell€Roberts€testified€that€he€knew€the€defendant€as€a€cook€at€Shoneyððs.€€He€testified€thatÐ k» Ðappellantððs€employment€with€Shoneyððs€ended€in€January€or€February€1997.€€He€did€not€see€appellantÐ T¤ Ðagain€until€he€showed€up€at€his€home€unexpectedly€in€late€May€or€June€1997€at€approximately€9:00Ð =  Ðor€10:00€p.m.€€€Mr.€Roberts€accompanied€appellant€outside€where€he€asked€Roberts€about€gettingÐ & v Ðhis€job€back€at€Shoneyððs.€€Mr.€Roberts€told€appellant€that€the€decision€was€out€of€his€hands.€Ð  _ ÐSubsequently,€appellant€told€him€that€he€wanted€to€show€him€something€in€his€car.€€Mr.€RobertsÐ ø H Ðtestified€that€he€saw€appellant€in€the€possession€of€a€knife€with€a€blade€approximately€eight€or€nineÐ á 1  Ðinches€long.€€Appellant€was€driving€a€small€red€car€that€may€have€been€a€Ford.€€€€à x à€€€€€Ð Ê   ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€Tobaris€Holmes€identified€the€pants,€shoes,€socks,€bra,€and€hair€tie€that€AngelaÐ œì  ÐHolmes€wore€to€work€on€April€23,€1997.€€Connie€Black,€Michelle€Maceððs€mother€identified€theÐ …Õ  Ðjeans,€belt,€shoes,€hair€bow,€and€socks€Michelle€wore€to€work€the€night€of€her€disappearance.€€SheÐ n¾  Ðalso€identified€a€t„shirt€in€a€photograph€as€the€shirt€Michelle€wore€to€work€that€night.€€Ms.€Black€toldÐ W§  Ðthe€jury€that€the€last€time€she€talked€to€her€daughter€was€at€9:45€p.m.€on€April€23,€1997,€when€sheÐ @ Ðdiscussed€the€arrangements€for€her€to€be€picked€up€from€work€that€evening.Ð )y Ðà  àÌò òòòÓ  ÓSentencing€phaseó óóóÐ ûK ÐÓdSÓÌà  àTobaris€Holmes€testified€that€he€was€Angela€Holmesððs€husband€and€that€they€were€theÐ Î Ðparents€of€a€daughter,€Ryane.€€Ryane€was€an€infant€at€the€time€Angela€was€killed.€€He€testified€thatÐ · Ðhis€wifeððs€death€made€him€feel€that€he€did€not€perform€in€his€duties€as€a€husband€and€in€protectingÐ  ð Ðhis€family.€€His€wifeððs€death€made€him€feel€incomplete€as€if€he€was€less€than€a€man.€€Moreover,€hisÐ ‰Ù Ðdaughter€did€not€get€the€opportunity€to€know€her€mother€and€did€not€remember€her.Ð r ÐÌà  àKim€Campbell,€Angela€Holmesððs€mother,€testified€that€their€family€of€four€children€was€veryÐ D” Ðclose.€€Ms.€Campbell€testified€that€the€murder€traumatized€her€youngest€son,€Chase,€who€wasÐ -} Ðterrified€that€his€sister€Amy€would€be€murdered.€€Following€Angelaððs€murder,€they€had€to€keep€theÐ f Ðlights€on€at€night€for€Chase.Ð ÿO ÐÌà  àCraig€Mace€testified€that€he€was€not€the€same€person€since€Michelleððs€death.€€He€testifiedÐ Ñ!!  Ðthat€he€was€angry,€sad,€and€fearful.€€He€stated€that€the€murder€ð ðdestroyedðð€his€father.€€Ð º" ! ÐÌà  àConnie€Black,€Michelle€Maceððs€mother,€testified€that€she€did€not€have€her€little€girl€anymoreÐ Œ$Ü# Ðand€felt€like€there€was€a€void€inside€her.€€She€testified€that€Kelly€lost€her€best€friend€when€MichelleÐ u%Å $ Ðwas€murdered,€and€Craig€felt€like€he€was€not€there€to€protect€Michelle€when€he€should€have€been.Ð ^&®!% ÐÌà  àDr.€Harlan€testified€again€during€the€sentencing€phase€regarding€the€extent€of€the€victimððsÐ 0(€#' Ðinjuries€and€the€cause€of€death.€€Ð )i$( ÐÌà  àTom€Thurman,€an€assistant€district€attorney€general€in€Davidson€County,€Tennessee,€testifiedÐ ë*;&* Ðthat€he€was€the€prosecuting€attorney€in€the€Captain€Dððs€murders.€€He€testified€that€appellant€wasÐ Ô+$'+ Ðconvicted€of€two€counts€of€first€degree€murder€and€one€count€of€especially€aggravated€robbery€inÐ ° ÐDavidson€County.Ð ™é ÐÌà  àBrian€Johnson,€an€assistant€attorney€general€in€Harris€County,€Texas,€testified€that€appellantÐ k» Ðwas€convicted€of€aggravated€robbery€in€1984.€€The€parties€stipulated€that€this€crime€involved€the€useÐ T¤ Ðof€violence€to€the€person.Ð =  ÐÌà  àDr.€Xavier€Amador€testified€on€behalf€of€the€defense.€€Dr.€Amador€testified€that€appellantÐ  _ Ðsuffered€from€paranoid€schizophrenia,€a€cognitive€disorder,€and€a€personality€change.€€He€furtherÐ ø H Ðexplained,€that€in€lay€terms,€appellant€suffered€from€a€ð ðbroken€brain,ðð€which€left€him€unable€toÐ á 1  Ðcontrol€his€impulses.€€He€testified€that€appellant€had€documented€head€trauma.€€Dr.€Amador€told€theÐ Ê   Ðjury€of€several€childhood€head€injuries€appellant€received.€€He€also€described€appellantððs€unstableÐ ³  Ðfamily€history€and€his€behavioral€problems€as€a€child.€Ð œì  ÐÌà  àDr.€Amador€interviewed€appellantððs€family€members,€including€his€mother€and€sister.€€HeÐ n¾  Ðexplained€that€appellant€believes€he€has€been€under€continuous€government€surveillance€since€1978Ð W§  Ðand€that€he€is€a€test€subject.€€He€testified€that€appellant€is€reluctant€to€discuss€his€beliefs€because€heÐ @ Ðfeels€loyal€to€the€government€agency€that€selected€him€for€the€secret€mission.€€Dr.€Amador€testifiedÐ )y Ðthat€appellant€was€diagnosed€as€having€brain€dysfunction€as€early€as€1964€and€1966.€€€€Three€TexasÐ b Ðdoctors€found€him€to€have€a€psychotic€disorder€in€1978,€and€another€doctor€gave€a€similar€diagnosisÐ ûK Ðin€1984.€€Appellant€was€prescribed€an€anti„psychotic€medication€and€improved€as€a€result.€€He€didÐ ä4 Ðnot€become€extremely€sedated,€which€occurs€to€persons€who€take€the€medication€and€are€notÐ Í Ðpsychotic.€€Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àDr.€Amador€admitted€that,€although€appellant€was€evaluated€as€malingering€mental€illnessÐ ˆØ Ðon€three€different€occasions,€he€believed€that€appellant€claimed€to€be€faking€his€mental€illnessÐ qÁ Ðbecause€of€his€tremendous€desire€to€be€normal.€€Dr.€Amador€concluded€that€appellant€was€notÐ Zª Ðmalingering€at€the€present€time.Ð C“ ÐÌà  àPatricia€Allen,€a€speech€and€language€therapist€at€Vanderbilt€Medical€Center€who€treatsÐ e Ðpersons€with€traumatic€brain€injuries,€testified€on€behalf€of€the€defense.€She€evaluated€appellant€forÐ þN Ðfifteen€hours€in€1998.€€She€administered€tests€to€determine€appellantððs€ability€to€pay€attention,Ð ç 7 Ðremember,€problem€solve,€and€reason.€€She€also€relied€upon€appellantððs€medical€and€school€records.€Ð Ð!   ÐÌà  àShe€testified€that€appellant€was€born€with€a€deformed€ear€and€hearing€loss.€€She€alsoÐ ¢#ò" Ðexplained€that€appellantððs€parents€divorced€when€he€was€very€young.€€His€father€was€an€alcoholic,Ð ‹$Û# Ðso€he€sent€appellant€to€live€with€his€grandmother,€but€appellant€was€unable€to€follow€her€rules.€Ð t%Ä $ ÐThereafter,€he€was€surrendered€to€state€custody.€€Subsequently,€his€mother€claimed€custody€of€himÐ ]&­!% Ðand€changed€his€name.€€According€to€Ms.€Allen,€appellantððs€motherððs€household€was€marked€byÐ F'–"& Ðdrug€use€and€sexual€abuse.€€Allen€testified€that€appellant€had€received€four€head€injuries.€€His€familyÐ /(#' Ðmembers€noted€that€his€behavior€changed€for€the€worse€following€each€of€the€head€injuries.€€€SheÐ )h$( Ðconcluded€that€appellantððs€injuries€occurred€at€ages€when€appellant€should€have€had€the€greatestÐ *Q%) Ðâ âcourse€of€development.€€She€further€testified€that€appellant€performed€poorly€on€tests€that€measureÐ ê*:&* Ðlanguage€mastery€and€reasoning€ability.€€She€opined€that€these€results€are€consistent€with€anÐ ° Ðindividual€who€suffered€a€brain€injury.Ð ™é Ðâ âÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€Ms.€Allen€admitted€that€she€did€not€conduct€an€independentÐ k» Ðinvestigation€into€appellantððs€background€but€relied€upon€information€provided€by€the€defenseÐ T¤ Ðattorneys.€€She€testified€that€appellant€could€understand€normal€everyday€conversation€and€averageÐ =  Ðdirections,€except€if€you€asked€him€to€do€it€again€quickly.€€She€believed€that€appellant€knew€it€wasÐ & v Ðwrong€to€kill€people.ò òÐ