ÿWPCa VÇ’íX°ùe°üeÌýjÛ’ŠÒæ9 ,z•§|­o"ôøžÍØN3`0>Ûâ‰ÁKÊû}ZL²9LŽ F=o¨òåÅ·ø1RŒj\} r!Ïùvak6uu±§óÉöIHƒ±M×jr×›cÏ–+Š`a~>Ç»Íä÷h€ƒxŠC[Çr€Cöz蟊úˆò<©»I¸þIާ ·¿,Y¡.Ð|ˤãfÏiÞbëãg.Žë* Å£S«šTóôU'VÆ£ãºÖÔ˜~õrâÂ×?ëÛ 7XþÖ¡†¡g¬ ßÿyÉ (÷Ê÷©Ga;¸1ô߀K¡¦˜òíÖ¾ Ñ­ö–S6EÒ¸ù0|'Zß%Î}š9ÌcRC¯'­Þé@ŸgÇ^RáNa{‚@!Ý 4›HQÞÿù!Ù{ *„Tsì®v˜áÆ-’š[6ãÝ­Àm†$cÁQ4p7åHÁÁcÀ=B ªÕ‚n^ÓpZ'¼Bpëà©B…ùʺÉÛ¹Ö®¦˜˜ÚƒÁýK†­8^²î ç OǨšWN-³9eo¸¡£{ý»ëý^‘zPñø÷éè ÁŸ0øãžöd/q(çðZîmÏ,XÚbW>E½Ïeƒb %\^ b 0ˆnUNöwD4H\ zkÒå· m¹ #ÉÐ UN™ Æç Æ­ ÆsÆ9/ÿN. 0D0ÞtERRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRRbTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTTT 0ë\\\\ BGG 0¤d D5 D-= 0Kjj ASµÆ 0¤Î 0Dr A«¶»:z1Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ~‰/@ 3|x ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0(ÖÃ9 Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 %Ý ƒRñ$ÝÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôñäò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€State€may€establish€constructive€possession€by€demonstrating€that€the€defendant€has€the€power€andÐ ° Ðintention€to€exercise€dominion€and€control€over€the€controlled€substance€either€directly€or€through€others.€€In€essence,Ð qÁ Ðconstructive€possession€is€the€ability€to€reduce€an€object€to€actual€possession.€€òòBrownóó,€915€S.W.2d€at€7€(internal€citationsÐ 2‚ Ðomitted).(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó ROSENDOREYNAWeinmanTiptonCurwood Witt Geo CrimCedariusTransowByrgep]ossess- ù-(|G2ñ$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ú!»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôñäò»»Ô d(|3·$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ú!»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3·$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ú!»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€Ú!»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼Ú!»»»ÔÑ8€ƒ/XXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡î'~Ú!ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼Ú!»îî'~#ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€October€6,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡Xƒ/X»¼Ú!ÔÌò òÔ#†¼Ú!»XXƒ/.#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€ROSENDO€REYNAòòóóÔ‡Xƒ/X»¼Ú!Ôó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€03„06586€€€€€€Bernie€Weinman,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2004„00365„CCA„R3„CD€€„€Filed€November€30,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓÔ‡ X±õXXXƒ/ÔThe€Appellant,€Rosendo€Reyna,€appeals€his€convictions€for€multiple€felony€drug€offenses€by€aÐ V¦  ÐShelby€County€jury.€€On€appeal,€Reyna€raises€the€single€issue€of€whether€the€evidence€is€sufficientÐ ? Ðto€support€his€convictions.€€After€review,€we€find€the€evidence€sufficient.€€Accordingly,€theÐ (x Ðjudgments€of€conviction€are€affirmed.€€However,€because€the€record€reflects€that€the€offenses€wereÐ a Ðnot€properly€merged,€we€remand€for€merger€and€entry€of€corrected€judgments.€Ð úJ ÐÔ#†Xƒ/XX X±õÑ#ÔÔ#†¼Ú!»XXƒ/£#ÔÔ‡Xƒ/X»¼Ú!ÔÌÓÅÓò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmed;Ð Ì ÐRemanded€for€Merger€of€Offenses€and€Entry€of€Corrected€Judgmentsó óÐ ¶ ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼Ú!»àXƒ/i#ÔÔ‡Xƒ/X.¼Ú!ÔDavid€G.€Hayes,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€whichòò€Joseph€M.€Tiptonóó€and€òòJamesÐ ‰Ù ÐCurwood€Witt,€Jr.,óó€JJ.,€joined.Ð r ÐÌW.€Mark€Ward€(on€appeal);€Debra€Antoine€and€Karen€Massey€(at€trial),€Assistant€Public€Defenders,Ð D” ÐMemphis,€Tennessee,€for€the€Appellant,€Rosendo€Reyna.Ð -} ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Michael€Moore,€Solicitor€General;€MichaelÐ ÿO ÐMarkham,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€William€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€RobertÐ è 8  ÐCarter€and€Valerie€Smith,€Assistant€District€Attorneys€General,€for€the€Appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð Ñ!!! ÐÔ#†¼Ú!»XXƒ/x#ÔÔ‡Xƒ/X»¼Ú!ÔÌÓIÓà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼Ú!»XXƒ/‰ #ÔÔ‡Xƒ/X»¼Ú!ÔÐ £#ó# ÐÌò òFactual€Backgroundó óÐ v%Æ % ÐòòóóÔ#†¼Ú!»XXƒ/û #ÔÓ  ÓÔ€Xƒ/X»¼Ú!ÔÌà  àÔ‡ X±õXXXƒ/ÔOn€May€31,€2003,€the€Appellant€was€traveling€on€I„40€in€Memphis€when€he€was€stopped€forÐ I'™"' Ðspeeding€by€officers€of€the€West€Tennessee€Drug€Task€Force.€€Upon€approaching€the€AppellantððsÐ 2(‚#( Ð1996€Geo€Metro,€the€officers€noticed€a€strong€odor€of€fabric€softener,€which€is€often€used€to€maskÐ )k$) Ðthe€scent€of€illegal€drugs.€€€The€officers€also€observed€that€the€Appellant€was€extremely€nervous€andÐ *T%* Ðthat€his€hands€were€visibly€shaking.€€The€vehicle€displayed€an€Ohio€ð ðtemporary€tag,ðð€however,€theÐ í*=&+ ÐAppellant€possessed€a€Texas€driverððs€license,€which€was€expired.€€The€Appellant€explained€that€heÐ Ö+&', Ðwas€en€route€to€Ohio€after€visiting€family€in€Houston,€Texas.€€He€further€stated€that€he€had€onlyÐ ¿,(- Ðrecently€purchased€the€car€in€Ohio.€€Following€the€officersðð€request,€the€Appellant€grantedÐ ¨-ø(.ý ÐÔ_Ôpermission€to€search€his€car.€€A€K„9€unit€was€called€in€to€assist€with€the€search,€and€the€dogÐ ° Ðimmediately€indicated€the€presence€of€drugs€in€the€car.€€Ð ™é ÐÌà  àUpon€searching,€officers€found€four€suspicious€packages€wrapped€in€fabric€softener€sheetsÐ k» Ðand€sealed€in€plastic€in€the€driverððs€side€rear„quarter€panel€of€the€car.€€€One€package€contained€2.8Ð T¤ Ðpounds€of€powdered€cocaine,€and€the€remaining€three€packages€contained€approximately€threeÐ =  Ðpounds€of€marijuana.€€Ð & v ÐÌà  àOn€September€18,€2003,€a€Shelby€County€grand€jury€returned€a€four„count€indictmentÐ ø H Ðcharging€the€Appellant€with:€(1)€possession€of€over€300€grams€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell;€(2)Ð á 1  Ðpossession€of€over€300€grams€of€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver;€(3)€possession€of€over€.5€ouncesÐ Ê   Ðof€marijuana€with€the€intent€to€sell;€and€(4)€possession€of€over€.5€ounces€of€marijuana€with€the€intentÐ ³  Ðto€deliver.€€At€trial,€the€Appellant€denied€any€knowledge€of€the€drugs€in€his€car.€€The€jury€convictedÐ œì  Ðthe€Appellant€on€all€four€counts€as€indicted.€€At€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€imposedÐ …Õ  Ðeighteen„year€sentences€for€each€of€the€two€class€A€felony€cocaine€convictions€and€two„yearÐ n¾  Ðsentences€for€each€marijuana€class€E€felony€conviction.€€The€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€servedÐ W§  Ðconcurrently.€€The€trial€court€advised€that€the€alternatively€indicted€drug€convictions€would€beÐ @ Ðmerged€to€reflect€a€single€conviction€for€felony€possession€of€cocaine€and€a€single€conviction€forÐ )y Ðfelony€possession€of€marijuana.€€However,€the€record€indicates€that€all€four€judgments€of€convictionÐ b Ðwere€entered€notwithstanding€the€notation€of€ð ðmergerðð€on€the€judgment€documents.€€Accordingly,Ð ûK Ðfor€Department€of€Correction€purposes,€the€Appellant€is€now€serving€sentences€for€four€convictionsÐ ä4 Ðfrom€Shelby€County.€€As€such,€it€is€necessary€that€we€remand€to€the€trial€court€for€proper€merger€soÐ Í Ðas€to€reflect€one€felony€cocaine€conviction€and€one€felony€marijuana€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ¶ ÐCedarius€Robertsonóó,€W1999„01872„CCA„R3„CD€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Jackson,€December€1,€2000),òòÐ Ÿï Ðperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€2001).òòò òóóÐ ˆØ ÐÓ  ÓÌà @ àAnalysisÐ [« ÐÌÓ±Óà  àó óOn€appeal,€the€Appellant€challenges€the€juryððs€verdict€finding€him€guilty€of€felonyÐ / Ðpossession€of€controlled€substances.€€When€an€appellant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,Ð h Ðthis€court€must€determine€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ  Q Ð[State],€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€a€crime€beyond€aÐ ê : Ðreasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789€(1979);€òòsee€alsoÐ Ó!#  ÐóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.€Duncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985).€€The€State€is€entitled€toÐ ¼" ! Ðthe€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€reasonable€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ ¥#õ" Ðtherefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).Ð Ž$Þ# ÐÌà  àThe€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€of€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflictsÐ `&°!% Ðin€the€evidence€are€matters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€trier€of€facts.€€òòState€v.€Gentryòòóóóó,€881€S.W.2dÐ I'™"& Ð1,€3€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)€(citing€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978)).€Ð 2(‚#' ÐA€jury€verdict€for€the€State€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflictsÐ )k$( Ðin€favor€of€the€State.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€€Moreover,€guiltyÐ *T%) Ðverdicts€remove€the€presumption€of€innocence€enjoyed€by€defendants€at€trial€and€replace€it€with€aÐ í*=&* Ðpresumption€of€guilt.€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€Thus,€an€appellantÐ Ö+&'+ Ðchallenging€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€carries€the€burden€of€illustrating€to€this€court€why€theÐ ° Ðevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict.€€òòState€v.€Freemanóó,€943€S.W.2d€25,€29€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð ™é ÐApp.€1996).Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àSpecifically,€the€Appellant€argues€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient€under€òòJackson€v.€VirginiaóóÐ T¤ Ðto€justify€a€rational€trier€of€fact€in€finding€him€guilty€of€the€offenses€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Ð =  ÐòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó€addresses€two€important€aspects€of€a€sufficiency€review:€(1)€the€manner€ofÐ & v Ðreview€of€the€convicting€evidence€and€(2)€the€standard€of€review€for€legal€sufficiency.€€The€scopeÐ  _ Ðof€our€examination€of€the€evidence€is€not€equivalent€to€that€of€a€jury.€€In€a€challenge€to€theÐ ø H Ðsufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€does€not€retry€the€defendant.€We€emphasize€that€ourÐ á 1  Ðexamination€in€a€sufficiency€review€is€not€to€revisit€inconsistent,€contradicting,€implausible,€or€non„Ð Ê   Ðcredible€proof,€as€these€issues€are€resolved€solely€by€the€jury.€€Rather,€we€look€to€the€record€toÐ ³  Ðdetermine€whether€there€was€substantive€probative€evidence€to€support€the€verdict.€€The€secondÐ œì  Ðinquiry,€the€question€of€legal€sufficiency,€then€follows:€whether€the€record€contains€evidence€fromÐ …Õ  Ðwhich€the€jury€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€Ð n¾  ÐEvery€reasonable€hypothesis€of€innocence€need€not€be€dispelled;€it€is€only€necessary€that€there€existsÐ W§  Ðproof€which€supports€the€elements€of€the€crime.€€Ð @ ÐÌÔ#†Xƒ/XX X±õ¾ #ÔÔ‡ X±õXXXƒ/Ôò òà  àó óThe€Appellant€was€convicted€under€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„17„417(a)(4)Ð b Ð(2003),€which€provides€that€it€is€an€offense€for€a€person€to€knowingly€ð ð[p]ossess€a€controlledÐ ûK Ðsubstance€with€intent€to€manufacture,€deliver€or€sell€such€controlled€substance.ðð€€The€Appellant€wasÐ ä4 Ðconvicted€of€possessing€both€with€the€intent€to€sell€and€with€the€intent€to€deliver€over€300€grams€ofÐ Í Ðcocaine,€a€class€A€felony,€and€of€possessing€with€the€intent€to€sell€and€with€the€intent€to€deliver€overÐ ¶ Ð.5€ounces€of€marijuana,€a€class€E€felony.€€Ô#†Xƒ/XX X±õ1)#ÔÔ‡ X±õXXXƒ/Ôò òÐ Ÿï ÐÌó óà  àThe€Appellant€contends€that€the€proof€is€insufficient€to€establish€that€he€knowingly€possessedÐ r Ðthe€illegal€drugs€which€were€found€in€his€car.€€The€element€of€knowledge€of€the€presence€of€aÐ [« Ðcontrolled€substance€for€purpose€of€unlawful€possession€is€oftentimes€not€susceptible€of€direct€proof.€Ð D” ÐòòSee€State€v.€Tim€D.€Gardneróó,€No.€M2001„01436„CCA„R3„CD€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€at€Nashville,€Feb.Ð -} Ð20,€2003),€òòperm.€to€appeal€denied€óó(Tenn.€2003).€€òòóóKnowledge€of€theòòóó€presence€of€illegal€drugs€mayÐ f Ðbe€circumstantially€proved€by€evidence€of€acts,€statements,€or€conduct,€which€would€allow€anÐ ÿO Ðinference€that€a€defendant€was€in€control€of€the€premises€and€was€aware€of€the€presence€of€drugs€onÐ è 8 Ðthe€premises.€€òòIdóó.€òòóó€However,€it€is€the€question€of€possession,€as€opposed€to€control€over€the€premises,Ð Ñ!!  Ðwhich€determines€guilt,€as€a€person€may€be€in€possession€of€drugs€and€not€be€in€control€of€theÐ º" ! Ðpremises€where€the€drugs€are€located.€€Nonetheless,€as€above€observed,€proof€that€a€defendant€hadÐ £#ó" Ðcontrol€over€the€place€where€the€drugs€were€found€permits€an€inference€of€knowledge€and€controlÐ Œ$Ü# Ðof€the€drugs.€€òòState€v.€Brownóó,€915€S.W.2d€3,€8€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)€(holding€that€defendantððsÐ u%Å $ Ðcontrol€and€ownership€of€vehicle€supported€inference€that€defendant€possessed€drugs€found€inÐ ^&®!% Ðvehicle).€€Whether€a€defendant€had€knowledge€and€control€of€illegal€drugs€are€questions€of€fact€toÐ G'—"& Ðbe€determined€by€the€jury.€€It€is€well€established€that€a€conviction€for€possession€of€illegal€drugs€mayÐ 0(€#' Ðâ âbe€based€upon€either€actual€or€constructive€possession.€€òòState€v.€Cooperóó,€736€S.W.2d€125,€129€(Tenn.Ð )i$( ÐCrim.€App.€1987).׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×òòóó€€After€review,€we€conclude€that€the€facts€of€this€case€demonstrate€the€AppellantððsÐ ° Ðâ âactual€possession€of€the€illegal€drugs.€Ð ™é ÐÌÒe°Òà ½ àAt€trial,€the€proof€established€that€the€Appellant€was€the€owner€and€operator€of€the€vehicleÐ k» Ðat€the€time€of€the€stop.€€No€other€occupants€were€in€the€car.€€A€strong€odor€of€fabric€softener,€whichÐ T¤ Ðis€commonly€used€to€mask€the€scent€of€illicit€drugs,€permeated€the€vehicleððs€interior.€€Although€theÐ =  ÐAppellant€was€in€the€business€of€buying€and€selling€vehicles,€he€stated€he€did€not€inspect€this€vehicleÐ & v Ðprior€to€its€purchase.€€On€the€date€of€his€arrest,€the€Appellant€had€been€living€in€Akron,€Ohio,Ð  _ Ðhowever,€he€did€not€know€his€home€address.€€The€illegal€drugs€were€located€in€the€rear€quarter€panelÐ ø H Ðof€the€car€which€was€easily€accessible€from€the€carððs€interior.€€The€street€value€of€the€AppellantððsÐ á 1  Ðapproximate€three€pounds€of€marijuana€was€valued€at€$600„$800,€while€the€2.8€pounds€of€cocaineÐ Ê   Ðhad€an€estimated€value€of€approximately€$200,000.€€Based€upon€these€facts,€a€rational€jury€could€haveÐ ³  Ðconcluded€that€the€Appellant€knowingly€possessed€marijuana€and€cocaine€with€the€intent€to€sell€andÐ œì  Ðdeliver.€€òòóó€€Ð …Õ  Ðà ½ àÌà@!!%Æàò òCONCLUSIONˆÐ W§  ÐÌó óà ½ àIn€sum,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€this€case,€taken€as€a€whole€and€in€the€light€mostÐ +{ Ðfavorable€to€the€State,€was€legally€sufficient€to€permit€a€rational€trier€of€fact€to€find€beyond€aÐ d Ðreasonable€doubt€that€the€Appellant€was€guilty€of€the€crimes€for€which€he€was€convicted.€Ð ýM ÐAccordingly,€the€judgments€of€conviction€are€affirmed,€and€this€case€is€remanded€for€merger€of€theÐ æ6 Ðalternatively€indicted€drug€convictions€consistent€with€this€opinion.€Ð Ï ÐÌÌÌÌÔ#†Xƒ/XX X±õ,#Ôà ½ àà  àà m àà Å àà  àà u àà Í à___________________________________€Ð \¬ Ðà ½ àà  àà m àà Å àà  àà u àà Í àDAVID€G.€HAYES,€JUDGEÐ E• ÐÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÐ H'˜"& Ð