ÿWPC{ 5# öU> %? 0íEUB24tˆn­—U:D~w@† 01Æ 0D÷ 0D; 0J 0TÉ 0^ 0h{ 0rã 0|U 0†Ñ 0W 1uç 0d\ AQÀ Æ B× 0@ô 0D4 D/x B§ D3ÄU6÷U.-U*[B)…DC® AMñ†>fÄv~*vÓ¨˜HP LaserJet 4HPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLàÏ<èÀ( 9Z &Courier RegularX(ÅÕÐ$¡¡Ñ  ÑÑ7€'CXXdÈXXdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓ<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiÌqæ$3|x‘«<þ6X9`(*Courier 12pt10cpiXXxþ6X@ÉJQX@,†r‰AZ‹"Arial Regular }~EU€@e‚ƒ„D…E†Ó€(á(3A¬$¤¤Ý ƒÕÐ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ7€{™XXdÈXXdð7ÑÑ  ÑÓ  ÓÓiU°X` ¸ hÀpÈ xÐ (#€%Ø'0*ˆ,à.813è5@8˜:ð<H? A°œXiÓÝ  Ýà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ!#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 d("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxd< Œ 9p`(Courier New< Œ 9p`(Courier< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d....7Border 1dd!#/Cþÿ << Gÿÿ |Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÝ ƒ"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€-ÔÔ€-ÔÓ  ÓÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€-XÔÌÌò òAugust€14,€1998ÌÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€-ôÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó \Ñ\R AØ'\ÑPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHÚ(d'hStyl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÒ  h HD: Geneva ÒÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€+ÔÑ  ÑÑ#€,,Xd#ÑÑ#€,,Xd#ÑÑ  ÑÓ` °˜XÓÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ X ÒÑ  ÑÑ Ü ÑÓÓÑ\R AØ'\ÑÔ€-Ô›Ñ7€ |å XXdæXXdÈ7ќـ!ÙßR€01/A1-j|` Å `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌ€à8 àà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌà@ àAT€KNOXVILLEà@ à€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà à€€€€€€€€€€€€€€€JUNE€1998€SESSIONÌÌÓÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à àà à)à àÌ€à àà àà àà à)Ìà àAppellee,€à àà à)à àNo.€03C01„9707„CR„00252Ìà à€€€€€à àà à€€à à)Ìà àà àà àà à)à àœHamilton›€CountyÌv.à àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)à àHonorable€Stephen€M.€Bevil,€Judge€€€€€Ìà àà àà àà à)ÌALGERNON€WILLIE€RICE,€€€à à)à à(Second€degree€murder)Ìà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€€€Ìà àAppellant.à àà à)Ìà àà àà àà àÌÌòòFor€the€Appellantóó:à àà àà àà àòòFor€the€Appelleeóó:ÌÌArdena€J.€Garthà àà àà àà àJohn€Knox€Walkup€ÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€of€TennesseeÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àà àandÌRichard€K.€Mabeeà àà àà àà àClinton€J.€MorganÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAssistant€Attorney€General€of€Tennessee€€€€€€€€€€Ï701€Cherry€Street,€Suite€300à àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€€€€€à àà àÌChattanooga,€TN€37402à àà àà àNashville,€TN€37243„0493Ì(AT€TRIAL)Ìà àà àà àà àà àWilliam€H.€Cox,€IIIÌArdena€J.€Garthà àà àà àà àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àà àandÌ€€€€€andà àà àà àà àà àBates€W.€Bryan,€Jr.ÌDonna€Robinson€Millerà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àà à600€Market€Street,€Suite€310Ì701€Cherry€Street,€Suite€300à àà àChattanooga,€TN€37402ÌChattanooga,€TN€37402Ì(ON€APPEAL)ÌÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED:____________________ÌÌÌAFFIRMEDÌÌJoseph€M.€TiptonÌJudgeÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÓÓà@ àòòò òO€P€I€N€I€O€Nóóó óÌÌà àThe€defendant,€Algernon€Willie€Rice,€appeals€as€of€right€from€hisÏconviction€upon€a€guilty€plea€in€the€Hamilton€County€Criminal€Court€for€second€degreeÏmurder,€a€Class€A€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€Range€I,Ïstandard€offender€to€twenty€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€defendantÏcontends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€enhancement€factors€and€by€failing€toÏconsider€mitigating€factors.€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€conviction.€€€€€ÌÌà àThis€case€involves€the€stabbing€death€of€Amy€Simon,€an€eighty„six„year„old€neighbor€of€the€defendant.€€The€defendant€was€charged€with€first€degree€murder,Ïand€he€entered€a€guilty€plea€to€second€degree€murder€pursuant€to€an€agreement.ÌÌà àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€testified€that€he€had€no€priorÏfelony€convictions,€but€he€admitted€that€he€had€been€convicted€of€assault€and€batteryÏapproximately€ten€years€earlier.€€The€defendant€denied€his€guilt€for€this€priorÏconviction.€€He€said€that€he€stayed€at€a€mental€health€facility€for€thirty€days€after€theÏcommission€of€the€assault€and€battery.€€He€stated€that€he€had€received€psychiatricÏtreatment€all€of€his€life€and€that€he€had€to€take€medicine€for€a€nerve€condition.€€TheÏdefendant€explained€that€he€was€in€a€wreck€that€caused€brain€damage€and€resulted€inÏnineteen€operations.€€The€defendant€admitted€that€he€had€drug€and€alcohol€problemsÏand€that€he€received€treatment€for€his€addictions.€€Regarding€his€employment€history,Ïthe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€tried€to€work€but€that€he€was€unable€to€do€soÏbecause€he€suffered€from€arthritis€and€back€pain.€€The€defendant€denied€killing€theÏvictim,€who€he€described€as€being€like€his€aunt,€and€he€claimed€that€he€would€neverÏhurt€anyone.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€he€was€at€the€wrong€place€at€the€wrong€time.ÌÌà àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€testified€that€on€the€night€of€theÏoffense,€he€drank€some€beer€and€then€went€to€the€victimððs€apartment€to€tell€her€to€turnÏher€television€down€because€the€volume€was€too€loud.€€He€stated€that€the€victimððsÍapartment€door€was€open€a€little.€€The€defendant€said€that€when€he€knocked€on€theÏdoor,€it€opened€and€he€saw€the€victim€lying€face€down€in€blood.€€He€testified€that€heÏasked€two€neighbors€for€help€and€that€one€of€the€neighbors€called€the€ambulance.€ÏThe€defendant€testified€that€he€then€left€with€his€brother.€€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€was€questioned€on€three€occasionsÏregarding€the€victimððs€death.€€He€said€that€on€the€first€two€occasions,€he€told€the€officersÏthat€he€did€not€kill€the€victim.€€He€acknowledged€that€he€told€the€officers€during€the€firstÏquestioning€that€he€had€been€cutting€pork€and€during€the€second€questioning€that€heÏhad€been€cutting€chicken.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€confessed€when€questionedÏthe€third€time.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€did€not€stab€the€victim.€€The€defendantÏclaimed€that€he€lied€when€he€told€the€officers€that€he€killed€the€victim€because€he€wasÏintoxicated,€medicated€and€scared.€€He€stated€that€he€told€the€officers€that€he€had€beenÏdrinking€and€taking€medication€on€the€night€of€the€offense.€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€acknowledged€that€he€gave€a€statement€to€policeÏdetailing€that€the€victim€œsaid,›€ð ðOh,€my€œGod,ðð›€when€he€stabbed€her,€but€he€claimed€thatÏhe€concocted€the€story.€€He€said€that€he€also€made€up€other€statements€that€he€told€theÏofficers,€including€that€he€went€back€to€his€apartment,€rinsed€off€the€knife,€went€back€toÏthe€victimððs€apartment,€and€called€the€police.€€The€defendant€asserted€that€the€knife€didÍnot€have€any€blood€on€it.€€The€defendant€testified€that€he€did€not€have€an€explanationÏfor€why€he€made€up€the€details€of€the€crime.€€€€€€€€€€€€ÌÌà àJohn€Rice,€the€defendantððs€brother,€testified€that€he€was€paralyzed€as€aÏresult€of€an€accident€two€years€earlier.€€He€stated€that€the€defendant€cared€for€him.€€HeÏsaid€that€the€defendant€had€been€a€good€brother€to€him.€€He€stated€that€the€defendantÏhad€mental€problems.€€€€€€€ÌÌà àThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€the€then€thirty„seven„year„oldÏdefendant€graduated€from€high€school€and€that€he€was€unemployed.€€It€shows€that€theÏdefendant€denied€committing€the€crimes€and€claimed€that€he€confessed€to€killing€theÏvictim€after€repeated€questioning€because€he€had€a€bad€nervous€condition.€€The€reportÏstates€that€the€defendant€had€been€treated€several€times€for€mental€problems€resultingÏfrom€an€automobile€accident€when€he€was€two€years€old.€€The€report€describes€theÏdefendantððs€psychiatric€history€as€extensive.€€The€presentence€report€states€that€theÏdefendantððs€medical€records€are€attached€to€the€report.€€However,€the€medical€recordsÏare€not€included€in€the€record€on€appeal.€€The€report€reflects€that€the€defendant€saidÏthat€he€was€in€poor€health,€suffering€from€arthritis,€back€problems,€and€poor€nerves.€ÏHe€also€reported€that€he€began€drinking€alcohol€at€the€age€of€twelve,€and€he€said€thatÏhe€drank€as€much€as€a€case€and€a€half€of€beer€at€a€time,€even€while€taking€medication.€ÏThe€defendant€said€that€he€began€using€crack€cocaine€at€the€age€of€twenty„seven€andÍthat€he€used€it€as€often€as€possible,€at€least€three€times€a€week.€€It€states€that€theÏinvestigating€officer€did€not€believe€that€the€defendant€planned€to€kill€the€victim.€€TheÏpresentence€report€reflects€that€the€defendant€had€no€prior€felony€convictions€but€thatÏhe€had€been€convicted€of€a€misdemeanor€assault€and€battery€in€1987.ÌÌà àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÏdefendant€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€twenty€years€in€the€Department€ofÏCorrection.€€In€sentencing€the€defendant,€the€court€found€that€the€statement€given€byÏthe€defendant€to€police€accurately€reflected€the€events€that€occurred€on€the€night€of€theÏoffense.€€It€determined€that€the€defendantððs€testimony€was€not€truthful.€€It€applied€theÏfollowing€enhancement€factors€pursuant€to€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„114:ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 à(1)€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;ÌÌà8 à(4)€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€age;ÏandÌÌà8 à(9)€the€defendant€possessed€or€employed€a€deadly€weaponÏduring€the€commission€of€the€offense.ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓIn€applying€factor€(4),€the€trial€court€stated€that€although€age€does€not€by€itself€showÏvulnerability,€it€believed€that€judicial€notice€may€be€taken€of€the€fact€that€an€eighty„six„year„old€person€is€not€able€to€defend€himself€or€herself€and€is€less€likely€to€survive€anÏattack.€€With€respect€to€mitigation,€the€trial€court€found€that€the€defendant€suffered€fromÍa€mental€or€physical€condition€that€reduced€his€culpability€for€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€T.C.A.€ððÏ40„35„113(8).€€ÌÌ€€€à àAppellate€review€of€sentencing€is€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€on€the€record€with€aÏpresumption€that€the€trial€court's€determinations€are€correct.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€AsÏthe€Sentencing€Commission€Comments€to€this€section€notes,€the€burden€is€now€on€theÏdefendant€to€show€that€the€sentence€is€improper.€€This€means€that€if€the€trial€courtÏfollowed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€made€findings€of€fact€that€are€adequatelyÏsupported€in€the€record,€and€gave€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€the€factorsÏand€principles€that€are€relevant€to€sentencing€under€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€we€mayÏnot€disturb€the€sentence€even€if€a€different€result€were€preferred.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805ÏS.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€ÌÌà àHowever,€"the€presumption€of€correctness€which€accompanies€the€trialÏcourt's€action€is€conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÏcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€ÏòòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€this€respect,€for€the€purpose€ofÏmeaningful€appellate€review,ÌÓ  ÓÓÓà8 àthe€trial€court€must€place€on€the€record€its€reasons€forÏarriving€at€the€final€sentencing€decision,€identify€theÏmitigating€and€enhancement€factors€found,€state€the€specificÏfacts€supporting€each€enhancement€factor€found,€andÏarticulate€how€the€mitigating€and€enhancement€factors€haveÍbeen€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€the€sentence.€ÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210(f)€(1990).€€ÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓòòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599€(Tenn.€1994).€€In€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,Ïwe€must€consider€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing,Ï(2)€the€presentence€report,€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€arguments€as€toÏsentencing€alternatives,€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€criminal€conduct,€(5)Ïany€mitigating€or€statutory€enhancement€factors,€(6)€any€statement€that€the€defendantÏmade€on€his€own€behalf€and€(7)€the€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€T.C.A.€ððððÏ40„35„102,€Ì„103€and€„210;€òòseeóó€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€236„37Ï(Tenn.€1986).€ÌÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applyingÏenhancement€factors€(1)€and€(4)€and€by€failing€to€consider€in€mitigation€theÏdefendantððs€lack€of€a€felony€record€and€the€defendantððs€caring€for€his€siblings.€€òòSeeóóÏT.C.A.€ðð€40„35„113(13).€€He€argues€that€the€trial€court€did€not€properly€weigh€theÏenhancement€and€mitigating€factors€and€that€a€minimum€sentence€was€warrantedÏunder€the€circumstances€of€the€case.€ÌÌà àInitially,€we€note€that€the€record€on€appeal€does€not€contain€a€transcript€ofÏthe€guilty€plea€hearing€at€which€the€convicting€evidence€would€have€been€presentedÍby€stipulation€or€testimony.€€In€order€for€us€to€conduct€a€proper€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review,€theÏguilty€plea€hearing€transcript€should€be€made€a€part€of€the€record€on€appeal.€€TheÏdefendant€must€prepare€a€transcript€of€the€evidence€that€is€necessary€to€convey€a€fair,Ïaccurate€and€complete€account€of€what€transpired€with€respect€to€those€issues€that€areÏraised€on€appeal.€€T.R.A.P.€24(b).€ÌÑ€2ÑÇà àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applyingÏenhancement€factor€(1).€€He€argues€that€one€conviction€for€misdemeanor€assaultÏoccurring€approximately€ten€years€earlier€did€not€demonstrate€significant€criminalÏhistory€such€as€to€require€appropriate€enhancement.€€We€disagree.€€The€proof€showedÏthat€the€defendant€not€only€had€a€prior€criminal€conviction€but€also€that€he€had€aÏprevious€history€of€criminal€behavior€in€that€he€used€crack€cocaine.€€ÌÌà àNext,€the€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applyingÏenhancement€factor€(4),€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€because€of€her€age.€€InÏmaking€its€sentencing€determination€regarding€the€application€of€factor€(4),€the€trialÏcourt€should€consider€whether€the€proof€establishes€that€because€of€the€victimððs€age€orÏphysical€or€mental€attributes,€the€victim€was€unable€to€resist,€summon€help€or€testify€atÏa€later€date.€€òòState€v.€Kissingeróó,€864€S.W.2d€482,€487€(Tenn.€1996);€òòState€v.€Adamsóó,Ï864€S.W.2d€31,€35€(Tenn.€1993);€òòState€v.€Pooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€93,€96€(Tenn.€1997).€€TheÏstate€bears€the€burden€of€proving€the€victimððs€limitations€that€render€him€or€herÏparticularly€vulnerable,€in€addition€to€the€victimððs€age,€relative€to€the€offense€committed.€ÏòòAdamsóó,€864€S.W.2d€at€35.€€It€cannot€be€presumed€that€the€victim€was€òòparticularlyóóÏvulnerable€based€solely€on€the€victimððs€age.€€òòPooleóó,€945€S.W.2d€at€98.€€€ÌÌà àIn€this€respect,€we€do€not€believe€that€the€trial€court€could€take€judicialÏnotice€that€the€victim€was€particularly€vulnerable€solely€because€of€her€age,€rather€thanÍrelying€upon€the€evidence.€€However,€we€cannot€be€certain€that€the€circumstancesÏdisclosed€at€the€guilty€plea€do€not€support€such€a€finding.€€Absent€a€record€of€the€guiltyÏplea€hearing,€we€are€unable€to€perform€a€complete€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review.€€Given€the€state€ofÏthe€record,€we€presume€the€trial€court€was€correct€in€its€determinations€regarding€factorÏ(4).€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€623€S.W.2d€129,€131€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981).ÌÌà àAs€for€the€defendantððs€argument€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€toÏconsider€the€defendantððs€lack€of€a€prior€òòfelonyóó€record€in€mitigation,€we€disagree.€€TheÏdefendant€had€a€misdemeanor€conviction€and€had€a€prior€history€of€criminal€behaviorÏin€that€the€defendant€admitted€using€crack€cocaine.ÌÌà àHowever,€the€trial€court€should€have€considered€the€defendantððsÏcontributions€to€the€support€of€his€family.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€McKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€55Ï(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(ð ðThe€defendant€would€normally€be€due€some€favorableÏconsideration€based€upon€his€family€contributions€.€.€.€.ðð).€€However,€we€hold€that€theÏmitigating€factor€is€not€entitled€to€much€weight.€€ÌÌà àAs€for€the€defendantððs€argument€that€the€trial€court€improperly€weighedÏthe€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors,€we€note€that€the€weight€to€be€afforded€anÏexisting€factor€is€left€to€the€trial€courtððs€discretion€so€long€as€it€complies€with€theÏpurposes€and€principles€of€the€1989€Sentencing€Act€and€its€findings€are€adequatelyÍsupported€by€the€record.€€T.C.A.€ðð€40„35„210,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments;ÏòòMossóó,€727€S.W.2d€at€237;€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€The€record€before€us€supportsÏthe€weight€given€to€the€applicable€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€by€the€trialÏcourt.€€The€record€also€supports€the€twenty„year€sentence€imposed€by€the€trial€court.ÌÌà àIn€consideration€of€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€theÏjudgment€of€conviction.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà àà à____________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àJoseph€M.€Tipton,€Judge€€ÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________ÌJohn€H.€Peay,€JudgeÌÌòòÌóóÌ___________________________ÌDavid€G.€Hayes,€Judgeà à€€€€€Ì€€€€€€€€