ÿWPCI …# VUNa %¯ 0(µbÝw@å4% 9 H 0JP 0Tš 0^î 0hL 0r´ 0|& 0†¢ 0( 1u¸ 0d- U>‘ U*Ï B)ù DC" AMe² BÃv~àvÓ^ D31 0@d AO¤Æó 0D¹ D/ý B,˜HP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡- ù- ‘’“”•–V—e˜™DšÓ€Ô¡¨ 3|x£2 ÿÿ0Indent1Ô2ÔÔ3  Ô2" ÿÿ0Indent2à0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2, ÿÿ0Indent3à0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô26 ÿÿ0Indent4à0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2@ ÿÿ0Indent5à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2J ÿÿ0Indent6à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2T ÿÿ0Indent7à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô2^ ÿÿ0Indent8à0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àà0 àÔ2ÔÔ3  Ô ÿÿ?AGMSYaioIndent0I.A.1.a.(1)(a)i)a)P ÿÿ8Mac DefaultMac DefaultÓ ` °šXÓ< Œ 9p`(&Times New Roman< Œ 9p`(Arial% Line 7 d!!!!7Border 1dd€-"Cþÿ << Gÿÿ Ý ƒ!ÝÑ  ÑÑ#€d#ÑÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÔ€ ÔÔ€ ÔÓ  Óò òÔ YYY ÔFILEDÔ€ XÔÌÌDecember€10,€1997ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔ  Ôó ó dPtPtHHÚ(ÿáÿâùFG(üHHØ(d'`Styl{WP}01•ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃà Ãà Ãà Ãà Ãà ÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÐ ÐÐHHÐÐ  ÐÐ2ÐÐÿÿ¸æ$ÿÐÐHHÐÐÐÐÐÐÐÐ  ÐÐ ÐÐ ÐÑÑÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÑ € ÑÑ<Px–ÈÑÒÒÒ443!#4ÒÒ$ *$ÒÒ$*$ÒÒ ÿKK ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÒ  Geneva ÒÓ.,ÓÓÓÓ6ÓÓ ÓßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßßÑGenevaÑÑ ÑÒ  ion-F Geneva ÒÒ  ion-F Geneva Ò%%%%'ÿÿdxd("ÿÿ$££Ò  ÒÒ  Ò€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÔ . ÔÔ€ÔÝ  ÝÒ  ÒÒ „ ÒÑ ` ÑÔ€ŠÔÔ€ ÔÑ\R AØ'\ћрÑÑ7€uSXXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òœÙ€€ÙßR€#$"A1-j|` ç `€€@ÿRß›Þ ÞÌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÌÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌSEPTEMBER€SESSION,€1997ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à à)€€€€€€C.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9609„CR„00395Ìà àà àà àà àà à)à àó óÌà àAppellee,à àà àà àò ò)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€ROBERTSON€COUNTYÌà àà àà àà àà à)à àÌV.à àà àà àà àà à)à àÌà àà àà àà àà à)€€€€€€HON.€ROBERT€W.€WEDEMYER,ÏJUDGEÌBILLY€KEMP€RIPPY,à àà à)à àó óÌà àà àà àà àà àò ò)à àó óÌà àAppellant.à àà àà àò ò)€€€€€€(AGGRAVATED€ROBBERY)Ìó óÌÌÓ  ÓÌÓ  ÓòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à àà àà àòòFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:ÌÌò òMICHAEL€R.€JONESÔ€ XÔòòà àà àÔ€ ŠÔóóà àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ìó óDistrict€Public€Defenderà àà àà àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÌÌò òFRED€W.€LOVEó óà àà à€à àà àò òLISA€A.€NAYLORó óÌAssistant€Public€Defenderà àà àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÌ109€South€Second€Streetà àà à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÌClarksville,€TN€37040à àà àà à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àNashville,€TN€€37243ÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òJOHN€WESLEY€CARNEY,€JR.Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÌÌà àà àà àà àà àà àò òDENT€MORRISSó óÌà àà àà àà àà àà àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÌà àà àà àà àà àà à500€South€Main€Ìà àà àà àà àà àà àSpringfield,€TN€37172€ÌÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌAFFIRMED€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEò ò€Ìó óÇÓ  ÓÔ€ °Ôò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€ ŠÔÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà àThe€Defendant,€Billy€Kemp€Rippy,€appeals€as€of€right€following€a€jury€trialÏin€the€Circuit€Court€of€Robertson€County€where€he€was€convicted€of€aggravatedÏrobbery.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€to€thirteen€(13)€years€as€a€RangeÏII,€Multiple€Offender.€€The€Defendant€raises€two€issues€on€appeal:€(1)€theÏevidence€was€insufficient€to€sustain€a€verdict€of€guilty€beyond€a€reasonableÏdoubt;€and€(2)€the€trial€court€erred€in€sentencing€him€to€thirteen€(13)€years€forÏaggravated€robbery.€€€We€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ìà àà àÌà àThe€victim,€James€Roy€Wilson,€resided€at€111€Blair€Street€in€Springfield,ÏTennessee.€€At€the€time€of€trial,€he€was€61„years„old€and€had€been€confined€toÏa€wheelchair€for€approximately€two€and€one„half€years€because€of€a€brokenÏhip.€€The€victim€receives€a€disability€check€once€per€month€in€the€amount€ofÏ$270„275.€€He€testified€that€he€suffers€from€depression€and€does€have€a€drinkingÏproblem.€€At€trial€he€said€that€he€had€known€the€Defendant€for€more€than€20Ïyears€and€that€they€were€drinking€buddies.€€The€Defendant€had€been€stayingÏwith€Mr.€Wilson€for€two€to€three€weeks€prior€to€May€1994,€but€did€not€pay€rent€toÏstay€there.€€Ìà àÌà àOn€the€night€of€the€offense,€the€Defendant€and€the€victim€had€beenÏdrinking€together.€€Mr.€Wilson€testified€that€he€drank€one€quart€of€beer€and€gaveÏone€quart€to€the€Defendant,€which€was€the€only€alcohol€he€saw€the€DefendantÏconsume€that€evening.€€The€victim€had€approximately€$270€in€cash€in€hisÏpossession€because€his€brother„in„law€had€cashed€his€disability€check€for€himÏand€delivered€the€cash€earlier€that€evening.€€The€Defendant€was€present€whenÏWilsonððs€brother„in„law€brought€the€money.€€Mr.€Wilson€testified€that€theÏDefendant€yelled,€ð ð[y]ou€canððt€hide€that€money€from€me,ðð€and€began€waving€aÏfour„inch€knife€in€his€face.€€Wilson€said€that€the€Defendant€hit€him€in€the€faceÏthree€or€four€times€and€split€his€lip.€€The€victim€said€that€he€was€afraid€of€theÏDefendant€so€he€gave€him€the€money.€€The€victim€testified€at€trial€that€theÏDefendant€also€hit€him€in€the€legs€with€a€baseball€bat€and€slammed€his€headÏinto€the€wall.€€There€was€some€conflict€in€the€testimony€as€to€whether€or€not€theÏvictim€initially€told€Detective€Jeff€White€of€the€Springfield€Police€Department€aboutÏthese€latter€two€acts.ÌÌà àThe€victim€testified€that€the€Defendant€then€said,€ð ð[y]ou€wonððt€call€nobody,ððÏand€he€stomped€on€the€telephone€and€cut€the€telephone€cord€with€his€knife.€ÏThe€Defendant€said€he€would€kill€Wilson€if€he€told€anyone.€€Mr.€Wilson€testifiedÏthat€he€knocked€on€his€neighborððs€door€in€the€duplex,€but€that€no€one€answered.€ÏBecause€of€his€physical€disability€and€because€his€telephone€was€notÍoperable,€the€victim€was€unable€to€attempt€to€get€further€help€that€night.€€TheÏnext€morning,€Mr.€Wilson€saw€his€acquaintance€Marvin€Bush€walk€by€and€heÏcalled€out€to€him€for€help.€€After€briefly€speaking€with€the€victim,€Bush€went€to€aÏneighbor€and€immediately€called€the€police.ÌÌà àDetective€White€arrived€at€111€Blair€Street€at€approximately€8:00€a.m.Ïafter€receiving€the€phone€call€from€Bush.€€He€testified€that€Wilsonððs€hair€wasÏmessed€up€and€that€he€saw€some€dried€blood€on€the€right€side€of€his€mouth.€ÏHe€said€that€Wilsonððs€face€appeared€to€be€red€on€the€right€side€as€well.€ÏDetective€White€noticed€that€some€numbers€were€broken€out€of€the€telephoneÏand€that€the€telephone€cord€had€been€cut€with€a€sharp€object.€€The€victim€toldÏDetective€White€that€he€thought€these€events€took€place€around€3:00€a.m.,€butÏhe€testified€at€trial€that€they€took€place€between€9:00€p.m.€and€midnight.ÌÌà àDetective€White€obtained€a€warrant€for€the€arrest€of€the€Defendant.€€TheÏDefendant€was€questioned€on€May€17,€1994,€and€gave€a€statement€to€policeÏsaying€he€was€ð ðon€a€lot€of€cocaineðð€the€night€in€question€and€that€he€just€couldÏnot€remember€what€happened€that€night.ÌÌà àMarvin€Bush€testified€for€the€defense,€and€stated€that€he€had€known€theÏvictim€for€practically€his€whole€life.€€He€often€purchased€liquor€for€Mr.€Wilson€evenÍthough€he€himself€had€quit€drinking€about€six€(6)€months€before€trial.€€He€statedÏthat€he€had€never€known€the€victim€and€the€Defendant€to€have€had€anyÏproblems€with€each€other€in€the€past.€€Bush€testified€that€on€the€morning€WilsonÏcalled€out€to€him€for€help,€that€Wilson€said€the€Defendant€and€another€man€hadÏbeen€in€a€fight€at€his€house.€€Mr.€Bush€also€testified€that€Wilson€told€him€laterÏthat€the€Defendant€did€not€in€fact€rob€him.€€However,€Bush€said€that€he€thoughtÏthe€victim€was€intoxicated€when€he€said€this.€€Wilson€denied€ever€making€thatÏstatement€to€Bush.€€Mr.€Bush€said€that€the€victim€is€a€truthful€person€and€aÏð ðman€of€his€wordðð€unless€he€is€drunk.€€Bush€admitted€that€Wilson€was€veryÏvulnerable€to€being€robbed€or€attacked€because€of€his€physical€condition.ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€testified€in€his€own€behalf.€€He€stated€that€he€and€theÏvictim€had€been€drinking€buddies€for€fifteen€(15)€to€twenty€(20)€years.€€TheÏDefendant€said€that€the€evening€prior€to€the€alleged€robbery,€he€and€anotherÏman€had€been€in€a€fight€at€Wilsonððs€house.€€He€claimed€they€fell€over€the€coffeeÏtable€and€onto€Wilson,€and€that€the€other€man€was€bleeding€when€he€left.€€HeÏtestified€that€on€the€night€of€the€robbery€he€was€on€cocaine€and€alcohol.€€He€toldÏthe€police,€ð ðI€just€donððt€think€I€could€have€done€anything€like€this€to€him.ðð€€At€trialÏhe€testified€that€he€has€no€memory€at€all€of€what€happened€on€the€night€of€theÏoffense.ÌÌà àà àà àI.€€SUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEÌÌà àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,Ïthe€standard€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÏelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443ÏU.S.€307,€319€(1979).€€This€standard€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicatedÏupon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence€or€a€combination€of€direct€andÏcircumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1990).€€On€appeal,€the€State€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€ofÏthe€evidence€and€all€inferences€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€€832,Ï835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€ofÏinnocence€and€replaces€it€with€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€theÏburden€in€this€court€of€illustrating€why€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€theÏverdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.Ï1982);€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).ÌÌà àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€andÏvalue€to€be€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence,€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754ÏS.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1987).€ÍNor€may€this€court€reweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2dÏat€835.€€A€jury€verdict€approved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€StateððsÏwitnesses€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€State.€€òòGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€atÏ476.€€ÌÌà àIn€order€to€sustain€a€conviction€for€aggravated€robbery,€the€evidence€mustÏshow€that€the€Defendant€€intentionally€or€knowingly€took€property€from€Mr.ÏWilson€by€violence€or€by€putting€him€in€fear,€and€that€this€taking€wasÏaccomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon.€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„401(a)Ïand€39„13„402(a)(1).€€A€"deadly€weapon"€is€defined€in€Tennessee€CodeÏAnnotated€section€39„11„106(a)(5)€as:€Ì€€€à àà à(A)€A€firearm€or€anything€manifestly€designed,€made€or€adapted€à àforÏthe€purpose€of€inflicting€death€or€serious€bodily€injury;€or€Ìà àà à(B)€Anything€that€in€the€manner€of€its€use€or€intended€use€isÏà àà àcapable€of€causing€death€or€serious€bodily€injury;€ÌÌà àMr.€Wilson€testified€that€the€Defendant€had€been€staying€with€him€in€theÏweeks€prior€to€the€night€in€question.€€The€Defendant€was€present€when€Mr.ÏWilsonððs€brother„in„law€brought€him€$270„275€cash€from€his€disability€check.€ÏThe€Defendant€told€the€victim,€ð ð[y]ou€canððt€hide€that€money€from€me,ðð€whileÏwaving€a€four„inch€knife€in€front€of€his€face.€€Mr.€Wilson€testified€that€theÍDefendant€hit€him€in€the€face€and€chest€and€slammed€his€head€against€theÏwall.€€He€also€said€that€the€Defendant€hit€him€in€the€legs€several€times€with€aÏbaseball€bat.€€€Because€he€was€afraid€of€the€Defendant,€Mr.€Wilson€gave€himÏthe€money.€€In€fact,€the€victim€testified€he€let€Defendant€have€the€moneyÏbecause€he€didnððt€want€Defendant€ð ðworking€on€me€with€that€knife.ðð€€To€preventÏthe€victim€from€calling€for€help,€the€Defendant€stomped€on€the€phone€and€cut€theÏphone€cords€with€the€knife.€€Detective€Whiteððs€testimony€supports€the€victimððsÏassertions€pertaining€to€his€physical€injuries€and€the€damaged€telephone.€€ThereÏwas€sufficient€evidence€for€a€reasonable€trier€of€fact€to€find€that€the€DefendantÏintentionally€or€knowingly€took€money€from€the€victim€by€violence€or€by€placingÏthe€victim€in€fear,€and€that€this€act€was€accomplished€with€a€deadly€weapon.ÌÌà àThe€defendant€contends€that€his€level€of€intoxication€negated€his€ability€toÏform€the€specific€intent€necessary€to€commit€aggravated€robbery.€€In€order€for€theÏdefendant€to€rely€upon€voluntary€intoxication€as€a€defense,€"there€must€beÏevidence€that€the€intoxication€deprived€[him]€of€the€mental€capacity€to€formÏspecific€intent.€.€.€.€The€determinative€question€is€not€whether€[he]€wasÏintoxicated,€but€what€was€his€mental€capacity."€òòHarrell€v.€Stateóó,€593€S.W.2dÏ664,€672€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1979)€(citations€omitted).€In€this€regard,€whether€theÏdefendant€was€too€intoxicated€to€form€the€requisite€mental€state€was€for€the€juryÏto€determine.€€òòStateóó€òòv.€Bellóó,€690€S.W.2d€879,€882€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1985).€€TheÍjury€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó€chose€not€to€believe€that€the€Defendant€was€tooÏintoxicated€to€have€acted€ð ðknowinglyðð€or€ð ðintentionally.ðð€€The€victim€testified€howÏthe€Defendant€waived€the€knife€in€his€face€and€told€the€victim€that€he€could€notÏhide€the€money.€€Further€testimony€was€that€the€Defendant€cut€the€telephoneÏcord€and€stomped€the€telephone€indicating€that€the€Defendant€was€cognizantÏthat€he€should€take€steps€to€be€sure€the€victim€could€not€promptly€call€forÏassistance.€€There€was€more€than€a€sufficient€basis€for€the€jury€to€determine€thatÏDefendant€was€not€too€intoxicated€to€have€formed€the€requisite€mental€intent.ÌÌà àThe€Defendant€also€contends€that€the€testimony€of€Marvin€Bush€is€moreÏcredible€than€the€victimððs€testimony.€€Mr.€Bush€testified€that€Mr.€Wilson€told€himÏthat€the€Defendant€did€not€in€fact€rob€him.€€However,€the€victim€œdenied›€everÏmaking€that€statement€to€Mr.€Bush.€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weightÏto€be€given€their€testimony,€and€the€reconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€evidence€areÏmatters€entrusted€exclusively€to€the€jury€as€the€triers€of€fact.€òòByrge€v.€Stateóó,€575ÏS.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€The€jury€in€the€instant€case€decidedÏto€believe€the€victimððs€testimony€and€this€Court€will€not€second„guess€thatÏdetermination.€Ì€€€Ìà àFor€all€the€reasons€discussed€above,€sufficient€evidence€existed€for€theÏjury€to€find€the€Defendant€guilty€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€of€aggravatedÏrobbery.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà@ àII.€€SENTENCINGÌÌà àIn€his€second€issue,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€inÏsentencing€him€to€thirteen€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€It€is€theÏresponsibility€of€the€Defendant€to€have€prepared€a€transcript€of€"such€part€of€theÏevidence€or€proceeding€as€is€necessary€to€convey€a€fair,€accurate€and€completeÏaccount€of€what€transpired€with€respect€to€those€issues€that€are€the€bases€ofÏappeal."€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b).€Having€failed€to€include€the€transcript€of€theÏevidence€at€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€Defendant€cannot€now€be€heard€toÏcomplain€about€his€sentence.€òòState€v.€Arnoldóó,€719€S.W.2d€543,€546€(Tenn.€Crim.ÏApp.€1986).€€€When€the€record€presented€is€incomplete€or€inadequate,€as€is€theÏcase€here,€we€must€presume€the€correctness€of€the€sentence€imposed€by€theÏtrial€court.€€òòState€v.€Coolidgeóó,€915€S.W.2d€820,€826„27€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);ÏòòMatthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€at€784;€òòState€v.€Beechóó,€744€S.W.2d€585,€588€(Tenn.ÏCrim.€App.€1987).ÌÌà àEven€though€the€transcript€of€the€sentencing€hearing€is€not€included€in€theÏrecord,€our€review€of€what€is€in€the€record€adequately€supports€the€sentenceÏimposed€upon€Defendant.€€Aggravated€robbery€is€a€Class€B€felony.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„402(b).€€Having€been€sentenced€as€a€Range€II€MultipleÏOffender,€the€range€for€Defendantððs€sentence€is€not€less€than€twelve€(12)€yearsÏnor€more€than€twenty€(20)€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(b)(2).€€The€pre„sentence€report€is€included€in€the€record.€€From€that€report,€it€is€evident€thatÏDefendant€has€two€(2)€prior€convictions€for€third€degree€burglary€classified€asÏClass€D€felonies,€which€justify€the€sentence€within€Range€II.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„106(a)(1).€€In€addition,€the€pre„sentence€report€shows€that€DefendantÏhas€forty„six€(46)€prior€convictions€for€public€intoxication,€three€(3)€priorÏconvictions€for€DUI,€two€(2)€prior€convictions€for€driving€on€a€revoked€license,€oneÏ(1)€prior€conviction€for€driving€on€a€suspended€license,€one€(1)€prior€conviction€forÏassault€and€battery,€one€(1)€prior€conviction€for€disorderly€conduct,€one€(1)€priorÏconviction€for€resisting€arrest,€two€(2)€prior€convictions€for€failure€to€appear,€andÏone€(1)€prior€conviction€for€petit€Çlarceny.€€There€is€more€than€ample€evidence€to€justify€enhancement€of€thisÏRange€II€sentence€to€thirteen€(13)€years.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€ÌÌà àThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌÌà àWe€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.ÌÌÓÓà àà àà àà àà à____________________________________Ìà àà àà àà àà àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€Judge€ÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌGARY€R.€WADE,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJ.€CURWOOD€WITT,€JR.,€Judge