’WPCĪ& ÓsÕ¼(æ0ŸöžtŸÆž5²»¦óĖø,•¾÷ÅĖåĆ{ĆņbVĪuwš×ŃYA Ķ^U.@Ö<1"ˆr8iĖŽYr÷TÜptuI9RIķ¾'B¶KŅ;“ĄŸęÕ·åøuĖXģ慡ÅŸ,lĄ ­ {[.k@e]GC„ĪRV›=>Ʊ÷ QY- ?a»ęęĆŹNŃĖ$ĕ>üØR.Ž0öę±<ØW3EkqyšōĶN¤œ_C7*öµ\<]J«c¬;q«ī6!?·l÷Ž›ĀŽś&!¼Ņ:čöW…d‘[˜@ćOU瀗gwpöXЀŒ@M‡i,ē,>Ę;ö¾ §Üz!ĮÜw·¼b]äżwޱĖó߃všlœmßqæ<Ļ}HQ̘¶üøˆĶ@w’WżŠ|'4F–•+GłßŹ;¼›ƒRˆWö²›×QĖōĆō3 @”H¹—ń®Čą†ö”ņ8FżVėąpuųt£©L”›:”ĻcæD1rįEķÓż{Äaī |čAKˆIpćFöU,Ŗt‡Z¦lU' ʇņsj·•žøx=,3\¢Ų Ø9 ŽV»ˆf)–oėelÜZ*®ųˆ8µĒ–H„?ä[мOž¼O7‡Æi–˜Ŗj#ÉĢ %• ^ › 0ˆ§ UŻN/ w} 4 z• Ņ į š mņ e ĘnĘ4ʜʥ 0D†NŹĢUNćE1UM>3—q_†ggoķķķķķķķķķķķķķķķķķķb\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\Ńddd5 0ėM!M!M!M! B8"8" 0¤U" D3ł" D-,# 0KY# ¤# AS“#Ę$ 0¤Ķ$ 0Dq% A«µ%µ% J`& Ŗ&Ŗ&Ŗ&Ŗ&Ŗ& ¼&˜\\IB01S08\KNOXCLERK3ČČ,,,,ČČ0»Ż™/Ļ (`£Ŗ$””Ń€.ŃŃ8€½­»»d»»d8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  Ó(ķ€"  Z6Times New Roman Regularóbļ. File ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x"’U‹’ĄĄĄ [Ż ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€sisters€were€found€guilty€of€first€degree€murder€and€were€sentenced€to€life€imprisonment€with€theŠ ° Špossibility€of€parole.€€That€conviction€was€affirmed€by€this€court€in€ņņState€v.€Grahamóó,€No.€E1999„02248„CCA„R3„CD,Š tÄ Š2001€WL€301160,€at€*16€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€Mar.€29,€2001),€and€the€sistersšš€applications€for€permissionŠ 8ˆ Što€appeal€to€the€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€were€denied€on€September€17,€2001.Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(#Ć$ņņŚ  Ś0Ś  Śóó Ż ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś2Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌIssues€(10),€(11),€(12)€and€(13),€while€raised€in€the€Defendantššs€statement€of€the€issues,€were€not€mentionedŠ ° Šin€any€other€section€of€the€Defendantššs€brief.€€Therefore,€we€hold€that€these€issues€have€been€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.Š tÄ ŠP.€10(b);€ņņŌ‡ōčÉņņōčÉŌseeóó€ņņalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7).€Ō#†ōčÉņņōčɞ#Ō(@ųŠ Z‹6Times New Roman Regularō\  `‹&Times New Roman Ż ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś6Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€Defendantššs€attorney€only€objected€to€the€prosecutorššs€alleged€comments€about€the€Defendant€notŠ ° Štestifying€and€his€comments€about€how€the€Defendant€was€guilty,€whether€he€pulled€the€trigger€or€was€just€sitting€in€theŠ tÄ Šcar. UŻ ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś5Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌDuring€the€pre„trial€hearing€the€Defendantššs€attorney€stated,€š šAnd€I€think€I€understood€the€Court€ruled€that€theŠ ° Šhandcuff€key€does€come€in?šš€and€the€trial€judge€responded,€š šI€did.šš Ó  ' ib011r90ib011r9 .    eŻ ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś7Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌWe€assume€that€the€Defendant€is€referring€to€the€victimššs€mother€Ō_ŌCletaŌ_Ō€Smith€as€there€is€no€evidence€of€aŠ ° Šš šŌ_ŌCletusŌ_Ō€Smithšš€present€at€trial.- ł- ĒŻ ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś3Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌThe€comments€to€this€rule€state:€Š ° ŠŌ‡ōčÉņņōčÉŌĢą8  ąA€prospective€juror€who€has€formed€or€expressed€an€opinion€as€to€the€merits€of€the€case€may€still€beŠ 8ˆ Šqualified€to€serve,€but€only€upon€an€unequivocal€showing€of€impartiality.€The€Commission€disapprovesŠ üL Šof€questions€tending€to€lead€the€prospective€juror€or€suggest€partiality€in€the€first€instance,€and€alsoŠ Ą Šdisapproves€of€that€procedure€in€š šrehabilitatingšš€the€prospective€juror€into€vocalizing€impartiality.Š „Ō ŠSuch€a€prospective€juror€should€be€held€to€be€qualified€only€upon€a€truly€unequivocal€showing€ofŠ H ˜ Šimpartiality.Ō#†ōčÉņņōčÉ“#ŌŠ \Š Š  ŠĢTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€24,€Advisory€Commission€Comments. Ż ƒRŒW$ŻÓ  Óą  ąņņŚ  Ś4Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»ŌŻ  ŻŌ_ŌņņPlain€Talkóó€is€a€newspaper€that€circulates€locally€in€Ō_ŌCockeŌ_Ō€County€and€which€carried€stories€of€the€murder.(|G2ŒW$¤¤Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€QÕ»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Żą  ąņņŚ  Ś0Ś  ŚóóŌ€ōčÉņ»»Ō d(|3$££Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€QÕ»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻVVVV'’’dxd)!ČČČČdxdx( ±ž$’’ņ ņFigure€Ś  Ś1Ś  Śó ó’’SDU_6^_X`YEž’<<C’’ƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3$¢¢Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€QÕ»»dd8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  Ż($$””ņ ņŚ  Ś1Ś  Śó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8’’’’’’’’’’C’’ HKKKK’’citeas((Cite as: 111 S.W.3d 1, *6)’’SDU_25’’SDU_26Ż ƒ£Ŗ!ŻŃ€.ŃŃ8€QÕ»»ddČ8ŃŃ ż ŃÓ  ÓŻ  ŻŌ_ŌŃ  ŃŃ  ŃŌ€¼QÕ»»»ŌŃ8€µXXdģ»»d8Ńą@ttģąŌ‡īK QÕŌIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆŠ ° Šą@WW$ģąAT€KNOXVILLEŌ#†¼QÕ»īīK #ԈŠ Ö& ŠÓ  Óą @ ąą @` ąApril€29,€2003€SessionŠ üL ŠŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌĢņ ņŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ#ŌņņSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€ņņóóŌ_ŌALEJANDROŌ_Ō€RIVERAŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌó óŠ śJ ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Ō_ŌCockeŌ_Ō€CountyŠ ś J Šą@@ųųģąNo.€7144€€€€€€Ben€W.€Hooper,€II,€JudgeŠ ę 6 ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` Aߊ Ŗś  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€E2002„00491„CCA„R3„CD€Š „õ  ŠŌ_ŌDecemberŌ_Ō€1,€2003Š ‘į  ŠßA€V) °°` dE<|` Aߊ }Ķ  Šó óĢÓ  ÓThe€Ō_ŌCockeŌ_Ō€County€Grand€Jury€indicted€the€Defendant€for€first€degree€premeditated€murder€pursuantŠ xČ  Što€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€39„13„202€(1997).€€After€a€trial,€the€jury€convicted€theŠ d“ ŠDefendant€of€the€indicted€charge€and€then€sentenced€him€to€life€in€prison€with€the€possibility€ofŠ P  Šparole.€€The€Defendant€appeals€contending€that:€(1)€the€prosecutor€made€improper€statements€to€theŠ <Œ Šjury;€(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€admitted€into€evidence€two€pieces€of€evidence€and€statements€ofŠ (x Šhis€co„defendants;€(3)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€grant€his€request€for€a€continuance;€(4)Š d Šthe€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€grant€him€a€judgment€of€acquittal;€(5)€the€trial€court€erredŠ P Šwhen€it€instructed€the€jury;€(6)€the€voir€dire€was€improper;€(7)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refusedŠ ģ< Šthe€Defendantššs€request€to€change€venue;€(8)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€admit€drawingsŠ Ų( Šmade€by€a€key€prosecution€child„witness;€(9)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€two€witnesses€toŠ Ä Šremain€in€the€courtroom€for€the€duration€of€the€trial;€(10)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€toŠ ° Šconsider€evidence€regarding€statements€allegedly€made€by€the€jury€foreman;€(11)€the€trial€court€erredŠ œģ Šwhen€it€refused€to€allow€a€New€York€search€warrant€and€affidavit€to€be€admitted€into€evidence;€(12)Š ˆŲ Šthe€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€a€photograph€of€the€deceased€to€be€admitted€into€evidence;€andŠ tÄ Š(13)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€did€not€review€the€š šŌ_ŌTBIŌ_Ō€file.šš€€Finding€no€error€in€the€judgmentsŠ `° Šof€the€trial€court,€we€affirm€the€Defendantššs€conviction.Š L œ ŠŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ¬#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌĢÓūÓĢņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óŠ #`" ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼QÕ»ąXµŠ #ŌŌ‡XµX.¼QÕŌRobert€W.€Ō_ŌWedemeyerŌ_Ō,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€H.€Wellesóó€andŠ č$8 $ ŠņņJerry€L.€Smith,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š Ō%$!% Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąĢCarl€R.€Ogle,€Jr.,€Jefferson€City,€Tennessee,€and€Tim€S.€Moore,€Newport,€Tennessee,€for€theŠ ¬'ü"' Šappellant,€Ō_ŌAlejandroŌ_Ō€Rivera.Š ˜(č#( ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Michael€Moore,€Solicitor€General;€Ō_ŌAngeleŌ_Ō€M.Š p*Ą%* ŠGregory,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€Alfred€C.€Ō_ŌSchmutzerŌ_Ō,€Jr.,€District€Attorney€General;€andŠ \+¬&+ ŠRonald€C.€Ō_ŌNewcombŌ_Ō,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š H,˜', ŠÓm ÓŠ 4-„(-ż ŠŌ_Ō‡ą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµœ #ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ ° ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąThis€case€arises€from€the€killing€of€Jonathan€Aaron€Smith€(š šAaron€Smithšš€or€the€š švictimšš)Š ˆŲ Šon€July€23,€1997.€€The€State€asserted€that€the€victimššs€wife,€Denice€Smith,€and€her€twin€sister,Š tÄ ŠDeborah€Graham,€hired€the€Defendant€to€kill€the€victim,€which€he€did€with€the€assistance€of€DeborahŠ `° ŠGraham.׃ ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś1Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€At€the€time€of€the€murder,€the€victim€and€Denice€Smith€were€recently€divorced,€and€a€fewŠ L œ Šdays€before€the€murder,€on€July€17,€1997,€the€court€entered€an€order€granting€the€victim€custody€ofŠ 8 ˆ Šthe€coupleššs€two€minor€children,€Brittany€and€Joshua.€€Based€upon€this€theory€and€supporting€facts,Š $ t Šthe€Cocke€County€Grand€JuryŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ¬#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€indictedŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ]#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€the€Defendant€for€premeditated€first€degree€murder.€Š  ` ŠFollowing€a€jury€trial€in€the€Cocke€County€Circuit€Court,€a€jury€convicted€the€Defendant€of€firstŠ ü L  Šdegree€murder,€and€the€trial€court€sentenced€him€to€life€in€prison€with€the€possibility€of€parole.€Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąBecause€one€issue€that€the€Defendant€appeals€is€whether€sufficient€evidence€exists€to€convictŠ Ą  Šhim€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder,€we€must€summarize€the€evidence€presented€at€trial.€€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµØ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌAt€trial,Š ¬ü  Šthe€State€offered€testimony€from€Sharon€Jarvis,€Sharon€Michael€Strange,€and€Christine€LathamŠ ˜č  ŠLoveday,€who€all€testified€that€Denice€Smith€sought€to€kill€her€husband.€€Jarvis€testified€that€she€wasŠ „Ō  Ša€day„care€worker€who€watched€Denice€Smithššs€children€between€June€and€August€of€1996.€€JarvisŠ pĄ Štestified€that,€during€that€time,€Denice€Smith€confided€in€Jarvis€that€she€and€the€victim€were€gettingŠ \¬ Ša€divorce€and€that€she€did€not€want€him€picking€up€the€children.€€Jarvis€stated€that€Denice€Smith€toldŠ H˜ Šher€that€she€was€concerned€that€the€victim€would€get€custody€of€the€children€and€on€three€occasionsŠ 4„ Štold€her€that,€if€the€victim€did€get€custody,€she€would€kill€him.€€On€cross„examination,€Jarvis€testifiedŠ  p Šthat€Denice€Smith€told€her€that€there€had€been€some€physical€confrontations€between€the€victim€andŠ  \ Šherself€and€that€the€son,€Joshua,€had€Down€Syndrome.€€Jarvis€also€stated€that€Denice€Smith€told€herŠ ųH Šthat€on€one€occasion€she€had€her€daughter€Brittany€assist€her€in€š šbreak[ing]€into€the€house€where€[theŠ ä4 Švictim]€was€stayingšš€to€retrieve€items.Š Š  ŠĢą  ąSharon€Michael€Strange€testified€that€she€was€the€manager€of€a€tanning€salon€that€DeniceŠ Øų ŠSmith€frequented€from€May€of€1997€to€July€of€1997.€€Strange€testified€that€Denice€Smith€told€herŠ ”ä Šthat€she€had€marital€problems€and€was€going€through€a€divorce€from€her€husband,€Aaron€Smith.€Š €Š ŠStrange€stated€that€Denice€Smith€told€her€that€the€couple€was€battling€for€custody€of€the€children.€Š l¼ ŠStrange€testified€that,€on€one€occasion,€Denice€Smith€asked€her€if€š šI€knew€anybody€[who]€could€doŠ X Ø Ša€job€for€her?€And€I€asked€her€what€kind€of€job€that€she€wanted€done,€and€she€said€that€she€wouldŠ D!” Šlike€to€have€[her]€husband€taken€care€of€.€.€.€.šš€€Strange€testified€that,€after€Denice€Smith€told€her€thatŠ 0"€  Šshe€wanted€her€husband€killed,€Strange€told€her€that€she€needed€š što€be€careful€who€she€was€talkingŠ #l! Što,€and€that€she€could€get€in€a€lot€of€trouble.šš€€Strange€testified€that€Denice€Smith€did€not€mentionŠ $X" Šthe€marriage€again€for€the€next€couple€of€weeks€but€brought€pictures€to€show€Strange€that€theŠ ō$D # Šchildren€had€been€abused€by€the€victim.€€Strange€stated€that,€at€some€point,€Denice€Smith€called€herŠ ą%0!$ Šand€told€her€that€the€court€awarded€the€victim€custody€of€the€children€and€that€she€was€going€to€takeŠ Ģ&"% Šthe€š škids€[to€Florida]€and€run€with€them,€and€that€if€she€had€to€kill€him€in€the€process,€that€sheŠ ° Šwould.šš€€On€cross„examination,€Strange€testified€that€Denice€Smith€told€her€that€the€victimŠ œģ Šphysically€abused€her€and€her€children.€€She€also€testified€that€Denice€Smith€told€her€that€the€victimŠ ˆŲ Šstuck€a€pencil€lead€in€Joshuaššs€leg.Š tÄ ŠĢą  ąChristine€Loveday€testified€that€she€worked€with€Denice€Smith€at€a€dentistsšš€office€and€thatŠ L œ ŠDenice€Smith€discussed€her€marital€problems€with€her.€€Loveday€testified€that€Denice€Smith€told€herŠ 8 ˆ Šmore€than€once€that€if€her€husband€ever€got€custody€of€the€children,€she€would€kill€him€or€have€himŠ $ t Škilled.€€Loveday€stated€that€Denice€Smith€told€her€that€she€would€leave€the€country€with€the€childrenŠ  ` Šbefore€she€would€allow€her€husband€to€have€custody€of€the€children.€€Loveday€testified€that,€five€daysŠ ü L  Šbefore€she€heard€that€the€victim€was€killed,€she€saw€Denice€Smith€at€the€dentistsšš€office€and€noticedŠ č 8  Šthat€her€truck€was€loaded€down€and€that€Denice€Smithššs€father€was€with€her.€€Loveday€testified€that,Š Ō$  Šwhen€she€asked€Denice€Smith€where€she€was€going,€Denice€Smith€said€that€š šshe€couldnššt€tell€us,€andŠ Ą  Šthat€we€didnššt€want€to€know.šš€€Š ¬ü  ŠĢą  ąCharles€Jackson€Snyder€testified€that€he€was€an€employee€of€the€Gatlinburg€Post€Office€andŠ „Ō  Šthat€he€was€employed€there€on€July€15,€1997.€€Snyder€reported€that,€while€working€at€the€post€officeŠ pĄ Šon€July€15,€1997,€he€received€a€phone€call€from€š šCarl€Sanders€who€said€he€was€from€Bismarck,Š \¬ ŠNorth€Dakota.šš€€Snyder€stated€that€Sanders€informed€him€that€an€express€mail€package€addressedŠ H˜ Što€Aaron€Smith€was€going€to€arrive€and€that€the€package€contained€drugs.€€Snyder€testified€that€heŠ 4„ Šgave€this€information€to€his€supervisor,€who€contacted€the€Postal€Inspector€from€Knoxville,€RussellŠ  p ŠF.€Fallis.€€Snyder€stated€that,€subsequently,€the€package€arrived€and€was€given€to€Fallis.€€Š  \ ŠĢą  ąFallis€testified€that,€after€learning€that€the€package€might€contain€drugs,€he€decided€to€poseŠ ä4 Šas€a€postal€carrier€and€deliver€the€package€to€the€victim€with€the€assistance€of€Randy€Parton€andŠ Š  ŠRickie€McMahan€from€the€Fourth€Judicial€District€Task€Force.€€Fallis€testified€that€the€packageŠ ¼  Šindicated€that€it€was€from€Atlanta,€and,€after€he€delivered€it€to€the€victim,€the€victim€opened€it€on€theŠ Øų Šstreet,€which€was€relatively€crowded.€€Fallis€stated€that,€after€the€Task€Force€officers€showed€theŠ ”ä Švictim€their€credentials,€the€victim€stated€that€he€had€been€š šset€up.šš€€Fallis€testified€that€after€theŠ €Š Šofficers€approached€the€victim€and€explained€that€they€suspected€that€the€package€contained€drugsŠ l¼ Šthe€victim€consented€to€allow€the€officers€to€open€the€package€in€front€of€him.€€The€packageŠ X Ø Šcontained€two€bags€of€what€appeared€to€be€drugs€and€an€envelope€that€read,€š šTo€Aaron€Smith.€€NextŠ D!” Štime€the€price€goes€up.šš€€Š 0"€  ŠĢą  ąFallis€testified€that€they€did€not€arrest€the€victim€because€it€did€not€appear€that€he€was€awareŠ $X" Šthat€this€package€contained€drugs.€€Fallis€stated€that€he€later€learned€that€the€package€originated€inŠ ō$D # ŠMiami,€Florida,€and€not€in€Atlanta,€as€the€return€address€indicated.€€Fallis€testified€that€he€requestedŠ ą%0!$ Šan€inquiry€by€the€postal€inspector€in€Miami.€€Fallis€also€testified€that€he€sent€the€contents€of€theŠ Ģ&"% Špackage€to€the€crime€lab€to€determine€if€any€latent€fingerprints€were€present€on€the€items,€and€theŠ ø'#& Šlab€determined€that€the€fingerprints€of€Deborah€Graham€were€on€the€items.€€On€cross„examination,Š ¤(ō#' ŠFallis€testified€that€the€victim€told€him€that€Deborah€Graham€was€heavily€involved€in€drugs€and€thatŠ )ą$( Šhe€suspected€that€she€sent€him€the€package.Š |*Ģ%) ŠŠ h+ø&* Šą  ąCarl€Smith,€a€forensic€scientist€for€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(š šTBIšš),€testifiedŠ ° Šthat€the€substance€contained€in€the€two€bags€in€the€package€weighed€0.14€grams€and€was€tested€andŠ œģ Šconfirmed€to€be€cocaine.€€Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąThe€State€filed€the€Memorandum€Opinion€entered€by€the€Circuit€Court€for€Cocke€County€inŠ `° Šthe€case€of€Jonathan€Aaron€Smith€versus€Denice€Smith€filed€on€July€17,€1997,€which€granted€custodyŠ L œ Šof€the€coupleššs€children€to€the€victim.Š 8 ˆ ŠĢą  ąHarry€T.€Smith,€the€victimššs€father,€testified€that€he€lived€on€a€campground€called€CampŠ  ` ŠAcres,€which€he€owned€at€the€time€of€the€victimššs€murder.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€Camp€AcresŠ ü L  Šwas€only€accessible€by€an€electric€gate€that€required€a€card€for€entry.€€The€only€people€who€had€cardsŠ č 8  Šwere€š šlot€ownersšš€who€either€owned€or€rented€a€lot.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€Denice€Smith€hadŠ Ō$  Šone€of€those€cards.€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµž#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€He€stated€that€the€victim€lived€in€a€house€on€Camp€Acres€for€some€time€with€hisŠ Ą  Šwife,€Denice€Smith,€and€their€two€children.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€Denice€Smith€and€the€victimŠ ¬ü  Šwere€married€for€twelve€years€before€they€began€to€have€marital€problems€that€led€to€the€couple€filingŠ ˜č  Šfor€divorce.€€Harry€testified€that,€when€the€couple€separated,€the€victim€moved€into€Harry€SmithššsŠ „Ō  Šhouse€and€that€the€children€remained€with€Denice€Smith€in€the€coupleššs€house.€€Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąHarry€Smith€testified€about€the€day€of€the€murder,€July€23,€1997.€€Harry€Smith€testified€thatŠ H˜ Šon€that€day€he€was€fixing€the€road€down€by€the€gate€to€Camp€Acres.€€He€stated€that€at€3:30€p.m.€heŠ 4„ Šwent€back€to€the€house€to€shower€and€change€clothes,€and€at€about€4:20€p.m.€he€left€his€house€to€getŠ  p Šsomething€to€eat.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€the€victim€was€not€home€at€this€time.€€Harry€SmithŠ  \ Štestified€that€he€came€back€to€the€house€around€6:00€p.m.,€and,€at€that€time,€he€saw€his€son€laying€onŠ ųH Šhis€side€in€front€of€the€house.€€He€explained€that€his€son€appeared€to€have€been€shot.€€Harry€SmithŠ ä4 Štestified€that€he€went€in€the€house,€which€looked€as€if€it€had€been€ransacked,€and€called€9„1„1.€€HarryŠ Š  ŠSmith€noticed€that€the€return€air€vent€was€open€and€š šlaying€down,šš€and€he€thought€that€it€wasŠ ¼  Šunusual€because€he€used€to€keep€money€behind€the€return€air€vent,€a€fact€of€which€Denice€Smith€wasŠ Øų Šaware.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€there€was€a€pair€of€handcuffs€on€a€chair€in€the€house,€and€a€gun,Š ”ä Šthat€belonged€to€him,€laying€under€the€table.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€he€noticed€that€a€boxŠ €Š Šcontaining€some€old€coins,€pocket€watches,€a€š šrailroad€watchšš€and€a€š š24€karat€gold€nugget€watchššŠ l¼ Šwas€missing€from€a€cabinet€in€the€garage.€€He€stated€that€a€gun€and€gun€case€were€also€missing€fromŠ X Ø Šthe€cabinet.€€He€also€said€that€the€only€room€in€the€house€that€was€not€š šransackedšš€was€the€roomŠ D!” Šupstairs€where€his€son€was€living,€but€that€the€rifles€that€he€stored€in€that€room€were€on€the€floor.€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµs8#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ 0"€  ŠĢą  ąHarry€Smith€testified€that€the€last€time€that€he€saw€Denice€Smith€was€the€day€after€the€divorceŠ $X" Šwas€final€and€custody€was€granted€to€the€victim.€€Denice€Smith€and€her€father€loaded€up€a€truck,€putŠ ō$D # ŠBrittany€and€Joshua€in€the€car€and€left.€€Harry€Smith€testified€that€he€thought€that€she€and€her€fatherŠ ą%0!$ Šwere€leaving,€but€his€wife€suggested€that€they€were€only€going€to€an€appointment.Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąRobert€Caldwell,€Chief€Detective€with€the€Cocke€County€Sheriffššs€Department,€testified€thatŠ ¤(ō#' Šhe€investigated€the€victimššs€murder€on€July€23,€1997.€€He€testified€that,€when€he€arrived€at€the€scene,Š )ą$( Šhe€found€the€victimššs€body€on€the€sidewalk€leading€to€the€residence.€€Detective€Caldwell€testifiedŠ |*Ģ%) Šthat€he€requested€assistance€from€the€TBI.€€On€cross„examination,€the€Detective€testified€that€heŠ h+ø&* Šmade€an€affidavit€to€the€court€stating€that€his€file€indicated€that€there€were€pictures€of€four€suspectsŠ ° Šfaxed€to€him,€including€a€picture€of€the€Defendant,€and€that€Brittany,€the€victimššs€daughter,€did€notŠ œģ Šidentify€any€of€the€suspects.€€However,€the€Detective€stated€that,€after€he€reviewed€his€file€inŠ ˆŲ Špreparation€for€the€trial,€he€found€that€Brittany€did€identify€the€picture€of€one€of€the€suspects,€HarryŠ tÄ ŠHodges,€as€somebody€named€George€that€she€saw€in€a€motel€in€Florida.€€Š `° ŠĢą  ąDr.€Cleland€Blake,€the€Assistant€State€Chief€Medical€Examiner€with€the€TBI,€testified€thatŠ 8 ˆ Šhe€performed€the€autopsy€on€the€victim.€€Dr.€Blake€testified€that€there€were€three€gunshot€woundsŠ $ t Što€the€victim:€one€bullet€went€through€his€right€ear€and€was€from€a€gun€fired€from€in€front€of€theŠ  ` Švictim;€another€bullet€entered€the€back€of€his€head€and€exited€the€front€of€his€forehead€and€was€firedŠ ü L  Šfrom€a€gun€behind€the€victim;€and€another€bullet€entered€his€back€and€exited€his€right€chest€area€andŠ č 8  Šwas€fired€from€a€gun€behind€the€victim.€€The€doctor€testified€that€the€bullet€that€entered€the€victimššsŠ Ō$  Šhead€was€š šan€instantly€lethal€wound.ššŠ Ą  ŠĢą  ąKelly€Smith,€who€was€with€TBI€at€the€time€of€the€murder€investigation,€testified€that€she€was€Š ˜č  Šthe€team€leader€of€the€team€responsible€for€the€forensic€investigation€of€the€murder.€€She€testifiedŠ „Ō  Šthat€when€she€arrived€at€the€scene€of€the€murder€at€around€11:00€p.m.,€the€victimššs€body€had€alreadyŠ pĄ Šbeen€removed.€€Agent€Smith€stated€that,€during€the€course€of€her€investigation,€she€found€a€spentŠ \¬ Šbullet€and€several€reddish„brown€stains€both€inside€and€outside€of€the€house.€€She€also€testified€thatŠ H˜ Šshe€found€handcuffs€inside€the€house€and€that€inside€the€house€there€were€š šclothes€and€other€materialŠ 4„ Šthat€had€been€strewn€throughout€the€house,€and€it€was€not€orderly€at€all.šš€€Agent€Smith€stated€thatŠ  p Šshe€noticed€that€a€vent€had€been€pulled€away€from€the€wall€and€found€a€gun€lying€on€the€floor.€€AgentŠ  \ ŠSmith€testified€that€she€also€found€several€pieces€of€jewelry,€including€a€watch,€an€earring€and€anŠ ųH Šearring€back.€€The€parties€stipulated€that€no€blood€was€found€on€either€the€earring€or€the€earring€back.€Š ä4 ŠAgent€Smith€testified€that€she€went€upstairs€and€found€š ša€number€of€weapons€on€the€floor.šš€€Š Š  ŠĢą  ąThe€parties€stipulated€that€Mark€Squibb,€with€the€Tennessee€Crime€Laboratory,€found€thatŠ Øų Šthe€reddish„brown€stains€found€at€the€crime€scene€were€human€blood.€€The€parties€also€stipulated€thatŠ ”ä ŠBoyd€Gene€Phillips,€a€Latent€Fingerprint€Examiner€with€the€TBI€Forensic€Service€DivisionŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ÷A#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ,€foundŠ €Š Šno€readable€fingerprints€on€the€gun€or€at€the€crime€scene€other€than€the€fingerprints€of€the€victim.€Š l¼ ŠAdditionally,€the€parties€stipulated€that€Robert€Royce,€a€firearms€examiner€with€TBI,€analyzed€theŠ X Ø Šspent€bullet€found€at€the€crime€scene€and€found€that€it€came€from€the€gun€belonging€to€Harry€SmithŠ D!” Šthat€was€found€at€the€crime€scene.€€Š 0"€  ŠĢą  ąBrittany€Smith€testified€at€trial€that€her€parents€were€the€victim€and€Denice€Smith€and€thatŠ $X" Šshe€had€one€brother,€Joshua€Smith.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that,€at€the€time€of€trial,€she€was€fourteenŠ ō$D # Šand€her€brother€was€twelve.€€At€the€time€of€her€fatherššs€murder,€Brittany€Smith€was€ten€and€herŠ ą%0!$ Šbrother€was€eight.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that,€before€the€murder,€her€parents€were€going€throughŠ Ģ&"% Ša€divorce€and€that,€at€that€time,€she€and€her€brother€lived€with€her€mother€at€Camp€Acres.€€SheŠ ø'#& Šexplained€that€her€father,€the€victim,€lived€up€the€hill€from€her€motherššs€house€with€his€parents.€Š ¤(ō#' ŠBrittany€Smith€stated€that€when€her€mother€found€out€that€š š[her]€dad€had€custody,€we€left€townšš€withŠ )ą$( ŠJoshua€and€her€motherššs€father,€Don€Graham.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€they€left€town€in€twoŠ |*Ģ%) Švehicles,€her€motherššs€Mitsubishi€Montero€and€her€grandfatherššs€Chevrolet€truck.€€Brittany€SmithŠ h+ø&* Šstated€that,€before€they€left€town,€they€went€to€her€motherššs€workplace€to€get€her€motherššs€paycheck,Š ° Šand€then€š šwe€went€to€the€bank,€and€I€guess€she€got€her€check€cashed,€and€then€we€went€to€NewportŠ œģ Što€her€attorneyššs€office,€and€then€we€left€town.šš€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that,€upon€leaving€town,Š ˆŲ Šthey€went€to€Miami,€Florida,€driving€š šstraight€through.šš€€Š tÄ ŠĢą  ąBrittany€Smith€testified€that€once€in€Miami€they€met€her€š šAunt€Debbie,šš€who€was€DeborahŠ L œ ŠGraham,€and€š šsome€other€peoplešš€at€š ša€little€like€bar€stand€behind€the€Golden€Nugget.šš€€BrittanyŠ 8 ˆ ŠSmith€testified€that€š š[Deborah€Graham],€my€grandfather,€Don€[Graham],€my€mom,€two€peopleŠ $ t Šnamed€George,€and€Alexšš€were€present€at€the€meeting.€€She€described€š šAlexšš€as€š štall€.€.€.€realŠ  ` Šslender.€€He€shaved€his€head,€he€had€small€glasses,€dark€skin,€a€beard€and€a€mustache,€tattoos.šš€€SheŠ ü L  Šdescribed€the€tattoos€as€š ša€eagle€and€a€dragon.šš€€Brittany€Smith€then€identified€š šAlexšš€as€theŠ č 8  ŠDefendant.€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµR#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€Deborah€Graham€took€her€and€her€brother€to€the€beachŠ Ō$  Šwhile€the€others€stayed€behind€and€talked.€€She€stated€that,€later,€they€went€to€their€motel,€š šTheŠ Ą  ŠDriftwood,šš€and€š šunpacked,€and€stayed€there.šš€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€she,€Don€Graham,€herŠ ¬ü  Šmother€and€little€brother,€stayed€in€room€number€321€at€the€motel.Š ˜č  ŠĢą  ąBrittany€Smith€testified€that,€the€day€after€they€arrived,€her€mother€rented€a€white€car€fromŠ pĄ Ša€dealership€and€Deborah€Graham,€the€Defendant€and€š šboth€of€the€Georgesšš€left€in€the€car.€€BrittanyŠ \¬ ŠSmith€€testified€that€two€or€three€days€later,€late€at€night,€Deborah€Graham,€the€Defendant€and€š šoneŠ H˜ Šof€the€Georgesšš€came€back€to€the€motel.€€She€testified€that€she€was€supposed€to€be€asleep€on€theŠ 4„ Šfloor,€but€she€was€not€and€overheard€the€conversation€in€the€motel€room.€€She€stated€that€she€heardŠ  p ŠDeborah€Graham€tell€her€mother€and€Don€Graham€š šthat€they€hurt€someone€bad,€and€I€heard€[theŠ  \ ŠDefendant]€say,€ššno,€weššve€killed€someone,šš€and€my€mom€said,€ššyeah,€and€it€was€easy,€too.ššššŠ ųH ŠĢą  ąBrittany€Smith€testified€that,€right€before€the€Defendant€left€on€the€trip,€he€had€handcuffs€inŠ Š  Šhis€back€pocket,€which€she€could€identify€because€she€could€see€the€š šbottom€part€of€the€chainŠ ¼  Šhanging€out€over€the€pocket.šš€€Brittany€Smith€stated€that,€when€the€Defendant€returned€that€evening,Š Øų Šthe€Defendant€did€not€have€the€handcuffs€with€him.€€Brittany€Smith€stated€that,€when€DeborahŠ ”ä ŠGraham€returned,€she€was€wearing€š šmy€mamawššs€[Cleta€Smithššs]€pink€ice€ringšš€and€that€theŠ €Š ŠDefendant€had€š šmy€papawššs€[Harry€Smithššs]€gold€nugget€watch,€and€my€dadššs€Swiss€Army€knife.ššŠ l¼ ŠĢą  ąBrittany€Smith€testified€that,€one€or€two€days€after€she€overheard€the€conversation,€she€leftŠ D!” Šwith€her€mother,€Don€Graham€and€her€brother,€Joshua,€to€go€to€Michigan€to€her€š šAunt€MarionššsššŠ 0"€  Šhouse.€€She€explained€that€š šAunt€Marionšš€was€the€wife€of€Don€Grahamššs€brother.€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµ]#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌBrittany€SmithŠ #l! Šstated€that€once€they€arrived€at€š šAunt€Marionššsšš€house,€she€learned€that€her€father€had€been€killedŠ $X" Šat€Harry€Smithššs€home.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€they€stayed€in€Michigan€until€š šAunt€MarionššŠ ō$D # Šbrought€her€and€her€brother€back€to€Tennessee.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€she€was€only€inŠ ą%0!$ ŠMichigan€for€š šone€and€a€half€to€two€daysšš€before€her€aunt€brought€her€back€to€Tennessee.Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€the€lights€were€off€when€she€heard€theŠ ¤(ō#' Šconversation€about€the€š škilling.šš€€Brittany€Smith€stated€that,€when€they€left€the€Driftwood€motel,Š )ą$( Šthey€stored€some€boxes€at€a€š šstorage€placešš€to€keep€them€from€being€in€the€back€of€Don€GrahamššsŠ |*Ģ%) Štruck.€€Š h+ø&* Їą  ąThe€parties€stipulated€that€Alamo€Car€Rental€records€showed€that€Denice€Smith€leased€aŠ ° Šwhite€Buick€Regal€with€Florida€license€tag€number€UVN79B€on€July€21,€1997.€€The€car€was€returnedŠ œģ Šon€July€28,€1997,€and€it€had€accumulated€2,476€miles.Š ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąVernon€Brown€testified€that€he€and€his€wife€owned€a€lot€in€Camp€Acres€and€that€they€wereŠ `° Šliving€in€a€motor€home€on€that€lot€during€the€summer€of€1997.€€He€testified€that,€on€July€23,€1997,Š L œ Šhe€saw€two€people€sitting€near€a€carņņņ ņó óóó,€one€of€them€a€woman€with€blonde€hair.€€Brown€testified€that,Š 8 ˆ Ša€short€time€later,€he€saw€a€man€knocking€on€Harry€Smithššs€house,€where€the€victim€lived.€€BrownŠ $ t Štestified€that,€while€he€did€not€get€a€good€look€at€the€man,€he€looked€like€he€had€a€slender€build€andŠ  ` Šblack€hair.€€Brown€also€testified€that€there€was€a€white€car€parked€nearby€that€caught€his€attentionŠ ü L  Šbecause€he€did€not€think€it€was€supposed€to€be€there.€€After€returning€to€his€motor€home€a€fewŠ č 8  Šminutes€before€5:00€p.m.,€Brown€heard€three€gunshots,€but€did€not€think€it€was€that€unusual€becauseŠ Ō$  Šthere€are€many€hunters€in€the€area.€€Brown€testified€that€shortly€after€5:00€p.m.€he€heard€a€carŠ Ą  Šš šleaving€in€a€hurry,€like€a€speeding€car.šš€€Brown€then€recognized€a€picture€of€tire€marks€whereŠ ¬ü  Šsomeone€apparently€left€in€a€š šhurry.šš€€On€cross€examination,€Brown€testified€that€he€told€the€TBIŠ ˜č  Šagents€that€the€man€he€saw€knocking€on€the€door€was€š šskinny,€white€male€with€long€hair,€wearingŠ „Ō  Ša€ball€cap.ššŠ pĄ ŠĢą  ąEd€Pulley,€a€state€trooper€with€the€Tennessee€Highway€Patrol,€testified€that€he€was€workingŠ H˜ Šon€July€23,€1997,€and€he€issued€a€citation€to€š šDavid€Antonio€Riverašš€for€speeding.€€Trooper€PulleyŠ 4„ Štestified€that€he€š šclockedšš€the€white€four€door€1996€Buick€traveling€south€on€1„75€near€mile€markerŠ  p Š46€at€eighty€miles€per€hour.€€He€explained€that€the€car€had€Florida€license€tag€number€UVN79B,€andŠ  \ Šriding€in€the€car€were€a€maleŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ¢f#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€driver,€who€produced€his€driversšš€license,€and€a€woman€in€the€frontŠ ųH Šseat.€€Trooper€Pulley€testified€that,€after€stopping€the€car,€he€would€have€checked€the€driversšš€licenseŠ ä4 Šof€the€person€driving€the€vehicle€to€ensure€that€the€picture€matched€the€driver€presenting€the€license,Š Š  Šbut€could€not€identify€the€Defendant€in€court.€€The€trooper€testified€that€the€address€listed€on€theŠ ¼  Šlicense€was€š š2560€Northwest€67ņņóóth€Street,€Miami,€Florida,€33147,šš€and€the€driversšš€license€numberŠ Øų Šwas€š šR160161591390.šš€Š ”ä ŠĢą  ąRonald€Raccioppi,€who€was€an€officer€with€the€Florida€Department€of€Law€Enforcement,Š l¼ Štestified€that€he€traced€the€license€tag€number€given€to€him€by€police€officials€in€Cocke€County,Š X Ø Šwhich€they€believed€was€related€to€a€suspect€named€š šAlex,šš€and€it€came€back€to€a€rental€car€Š D!” Šregistered€to€LaShawn€Taylor.€€Officer€Raccioppi€testified€that€he€obtained€Taylorššs€address,€6750Š 0"€  ŠNorthwest€67th€Street,€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµ”s#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌfrom€the€rental€car€agency,€and€he€began€surveillance€of€that€location.€€HeŠ #l! Šstated€that,€when€the€officers€stopped€Taylorššs€vehicle,€it€was€occupied€by€Taylor,€who€was€driving,Š $X" Šand€by€a€man€who€produced€identification€that€stated€that€his€name€was€š šDavid€Rivera.šš€€OfficerŠ ō$D # ŠRaccioppi€later€identified€š šDavid€Riverašš€as€the€Defendant.€€The€officer€asked€the€Defendant€if€hisŠ ą%0!$ Šname€was€š šAlexšš€and€he€said€š šno.šš€€The€officer€then€identified€a€copy€of€the€driversšš€licenseŠ Ģ&"% Šshowing€the€name€š šDavid€Antonio€Riverašš€and€the€address€as€6750€Northwest€67th€Street.€€Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ąOfficer€Raccioppi€testified€that€the€Defendant€then€voluntarily€went€with€them€to€the€policeŠ )ą$( Šstation€to€discuss€a€š šhomicide€in€Tennessee.šš€€The€officer€testified€that€he€read€the€Defendant€hisŠ |*Ģ%) Šrights,€and€that€the€Defendant€waived€those€rights.€€Officer€Raccioppi€testified€that,€at€the€policeŠ h+ø&* Šstation,€he€noticed€visible€tattoos€on€the€Defendant,€one€of€which€was€š šan€eagle€on€the€rising€sunššŠ ° Šon€the€upper€left€shoulder€and€the€other€was€a€š štattoo€of€a€tigeršš€on€the€backside€of€the€same€arm.€Š œģ ŠOfficer€Raccioppi€testified€that€the€Defendant€refused€to€show€the€rest€of€his€tattoos.€€The€officerŠ ˆŲ Štestified€that€during€the€interview€the€Defendant€stated€that€he€met€Deborah€Graham€in€New€YorkŠ tÄ Šabout€five€years€ago,€but€had€not€spoken€with€her€for€three€years€until€she€contacted€him€š šabout€aŠ `° Šmonth€and€a€half€agošš€after€speaking€with€a€mutual€friend€š šAlex€Rios.šš€€Officer€Raccioppi€testifiedŠ L œ Šthat€the€Defendant€stated€that€he€did€not€have€a€cell€phone€number€for€Deborah€Graham,€but€that€sheŠ 8 ˆ Šwould€call€his€beeper.€€The€officer€testified€that€the€Defendant€stated€that€Deborah€Graham€stayedŠ $ t Šat€š šthe€Golden€Strand€and€the€Fountain€Head€motelsšš€while€in€Florida.€€Officer€Raccioppi€testifiedŠ  ` Šthat€the€Defendant€told€him€that€Deborah€Graham€never€stayed€at€the€Driftwood€motel,€but€thatŠ ü L  ŠGeorge€Penta,€with€whom€Deborah€Graham€was€intimate,€stayed€at€that€motel.€€The€officer€reportedŠ č 8  Šthat€the€Defendant€stated€that€he€š šwasnššt€allowed€[at€the€Driftwood€motel].šš€€Š Ō$  ŠĢą  ąOfficer€Raccioppi€testified€that€the€Defendant€told€him€that€he€went€to€Tennessee€about€threeŠ ¬ü  Šweeks€ago€with€another€man€when€he€was€driving€to€Michigan.€€The€officer€testified€that€theŠ ˜č  ŠDefendant€told€him€that€he€was€traveling€in€a€white€rental€car€and€that€he€did€not€want€to€say€whoŠ „Ō  Šrented€it.€€Officer€Raccioppi€stated€that€the€Defendant€told€him€that€the€vehicle€was€rented€fromŠ pĄ Šš šValue€Rentalšš€in€š šFort€Lauderdale.šš€€The€officer€testified€that€the€Defendant€denied€ever€meetingŠ \¬ Šanyone€in€Deborah€Grahamššs€family,€including€her€father,€sister,€or€niece€and€nephew.€€The€officerŠ H˜ Štestified€that€when€he€asked€the€Defendant,€š šwho€is€Alex?šš€he€responded,€š šAlex€Rios,€a€friend€ofŠ 4„ Šours€from€New€York.šš€€Officer€Raccioppi€stated€that,€later€in€the€interview,€the€Defendant€said,Š  p Šš šLook,€I€told€you€my€name€is€Al€š!š€David.šš€€Š  \ ŠĢą  ąOfficer€RaccioppiŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµOx#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€testified€that€after€he€told€the€Defendant€the€evidence€they€had€in€the€case,Š ä4 Šincluding€the€fact€that€they€had€the€white€car,€the€Defendant€š šchanged€his€story.šš€€The€officerŠ Š  Štestified€that€the€Defendant€stated,€š šI€plead€the€Fifth€to€driving€a€white€caršš€and€admitted€that€heŠ ¼  Šdrove€with€Deborah€Graham€to€Michigan€and€that€he€was€not€with€another€male.€€Officer€RaccioppiŠ Øų Šstated€that€the€Defendant€stated€that€Deborah€Graham€had€a€job€interview€in€Michigan,€but€he€couldŠ ”ä Šnot€remember€the€name€of€the€city€where€the€two€went.€€The€officer€testified€that€the€DefendantŠ €Š Šstated€that€š šwe€stayed€with€a€friend€named€Gilda€Hart,€a€black€woman€.€.€.€who€lives€in€a€red€brickŠ l¼ Šhouse.šš€€Officer€Raccioppi€stated€that€he€then€questioned€why,€if€the€Defendant€and€Deborah€GrahamŠ X Ø Šwent€to€Michigan,€were€there€only€2400€or€2800€miles€on€the€car,€and€the€Defendant€responded,Š D!” Šš šthatššs€a€lot€of€miles.€€Go€ahead€and€check;€youššll€see€itššs€enough€to€get€there€and€back,€and€more.šš€Š 0"€  ŠĢĢą  ąThe€officer€testified€that,€at€the€end€of€his€conversation€with€the€Defendant,€the€DefendantŠ ō$D # Šsaid€that€he€would€contact€Deborah€Graham€and€get€her€to€talk€to€the€police,€and,€thereafter,€theŠ ą%0!$ Šofficer€drove€him€to€Taylorššs€place€of€work.€€Officer€RaccioppiŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµØ†#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€testified€that€later€that€same€day€theŠ Ģ&"% ŠDefendant€paged€him,€and€when€the€officer€called€him€back€the€Defendant€told€him€the€location€ofŠ ø'#& ŠDeborah€Grahamššs€interview€in€Detroit,€Michigan,€and€gave€the€officer€the€street€on€which€GildaŠ ¤(ō#' ŠHart€lived.€€The€officer€testified€that€he€was€unable€to€contact€the€Defendant€again.Š )ą$( Šā āŠ |*Ģ%) Šą  ąOfficer€RaccioppiŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµĶŒ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€also€testified€that€the€post€office€from€where€the€package€containing€drugsŠ ° Šā āwas€sent€to€the€victim€was€located€300€yards€from€the€Defendantššs€home.€€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµŻŽ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌThe€officer€also€testifiedŠ œģ Šthat€the€number€on€the€driversšš€license€produced€by€the€Defendant€matched€the€driversšš€licenseŠ ˆŲ Šnumber€that€was€listed€on€the€citation€issued€by€the€Tennessee€State€Highway€Patrol.€Š tÄ ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Officer€Raccioppi€testified€that€he€knew€that€the€witnesses€at€the€sceneŠ L œ Šreported€that€there€was€a€white€male€knocking€on€the€door€of€the€victimššs€home€before€they€heardŠ 8 ˆ Ša€gunshot.€€The€officer€testified€that€the€investigation€revealed€that€the€Defendantššs€brother€wasŠ $ t Šš šDavid€Rivera.šš€€Officer€Raccioppi€stated€that€during€the€course€of€the€investigation€it€wasŠ  ` Šdiscovered€that€there€was€a€storage€unit€in€the€name€of€š šDavid€Rivera,šš€to€which€a€person€namedŠ ü L  Šš šDebbie€Giovišš€had€access.€€The€officer€stated€that,€in€the€storage€unit,€the€officers€found€š šboxes€ofŠ č 8  Štoys,€furniture,€[and]€photos.ššŠ Ō$  ŠĢą  ąThe€State€then€entered€a€copy€of€the€record€of€the€Driftwood€Resort€Motel€from€July€18,Š ¬ü  Š1997,€to€July€23,€1997,€for€room€number€321€showing€that€it€was€rented€to€Don€Jones.€€Š ˜č  ŠĢą  ąHarold€David€Hutchinson,€a€criminal€investigator€with€the€District€Attorneyššs€Office,Š pĄ Štestified€that€he€was€involved€in€the€investigation€of€the€victimššs€murder.€€He€testified€that€he€wasŠ \¬ Šunable€to€confirm€that€Deborah€Graham€had€an€interview€at€Fox€Studios€in€Detroit.€€HutchinsonŠ H˜ Šstated€that€he€attempted€to€find€Gilda€Hart,€who€allegedly€lived€on€West€Grant€Avenue€in€Detroit,Š 4„ Šbut€he€was€unable€to€find€her.€€Hutchinson€testified€that€the€mileage€for€a€round€trip€from€Miami,Š  p ŠFlorida€to€Detroit,€Michigan€and€back€was€2,788€miles.€€He€stated€that€the€milage€from€a€round€tripŠ  \ Šfrom€Miami,€Florida€to€the€Cosby,€Tennessee€was€1,882€miles,€and€the€mileage€from€Camp€AcresŠ ųH Što€mile€marker€number€46€was€112€miles.€€On€cross„examination,€the€investigator€testified€that€heŠ ä4 Šcleared€Harry€David€Hodge€as€a€suspect€because€the€investigator€was€unable€to€place€him€inŠ Š  ŠTennessee€at€the€time€of€the€murder.Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąLaShawn€Taylor,€the€mother€of€the€Defendantššs€son€and€long„time€girlfriend,€testified€thatŠ ”ä Šshe€was€introduced€to€Deborah€Graham€by€the€Defendant.€€Taylor€testified€that€the€Defendant€andŠ €Š ŠDeborah€Graham€left€town€together,€and€it€was€her€understanding€that€they€drove€to€Michigan€forŠ l¼ Ša€job€interview.€€Taylor€stated€that,€after€they€left,€she€received€a€phone€call€from€the€Defendant,€andŠ X Ø Šhe€said€they€were€in€Tennessee€helping€Deborah€Grahamššs€sister€move€out€of€her€house.€€TaylorŠ D!” Štestified€that€the€two€were€gone€for€three€days€or€more€after€which€the€Defendant€came€back€to€herŠ 0"€  Šhome.€€Taylor€testified€that,€later,€Deborah€Graham€came€to€the€home€driving€a€white€car,€and€theŠ #l! ŠDefendant€told€her€to€š šget€the€car€out€of€herešš€or€š šget€in€the€car€and€get€out€of€here,šš€and€she€left.€Š $X" ŠTaylor€testified€that€she€saw€Deborah€Graham€again€when€she€came€to€Taylorššs€house€to€spend€theŠ ō$D # Šnight€š šbecause€she€didnššt€have€anywhere€else€to€sleep.šš€€Taylor€stated€she€remembered€that€one€nightŠ ą%0!$ Šthe€Defendant€and€Deborah€Graham€were€talking€and€that,€every€time€Taylor€entered€the€room,€theŠ Ģ&"% Štalking€would€stop.€€Taylor€testified€that€one€day€she€took€Deborah€Graham€to€the€airport,€andŠ ø'#& ŠDeborah€Graham€said€she€was€going€to€New€York.€€Š ¤(ō#' ŠĢą  ąTaylor€also€testified€that,€on€the€day€that€she€and€the€Defendant€were€stopped€by€the€police,Š |*Ģ%) Šthe€Defendant€produced€false€identification€in€the€name€of€š šDavid€Rivera.šš€€Taylor€stated€that,€afterŠ h+ø&* Šthe€Defendant€was€with€the€police,€he€came€to€her€work€and€got€her€car€and€then,€at€the€end€of€herŠ ° Šwork€day,€the€Defendant€picked€her€up€and€took€her€to€her€motherššs€house.€€Taylor€testified€that€theŠ œģ ŠDefendant€left€her€at€her€motherššs€house€and€said€he€would€be€š šright€back,šš€but€he€never€returned.€Š ˆŲ ŠThe€next€time€she€saw€the€Defendant€was€the€day€of€trial,€but€she€had€spoken€with€him€and€told€himŠ tÄ Šthe€police€were€looking€for€him.€€Taylor€testified€that€she€and€the€Defendant€went€to€a€pawn€shopŠ `° Šš šon€79th€Street.šš€€She€said€that,€at€the€pawn€shop,€the€Defendant€retrieved€some€items€of€jewelry€thatŠ L œ Šwere€pawned.€€One€piece€that€he€retrieved€was€a€š šNoahššs€Ark€bracelet.šš€€Š 8 ˆ ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€Taylor€testified€that€she€was€jealous€of€Deborah€Grahamššs€relationshipŠ  ` Šwith€the€Defendant€and€that€she€suspected€that€they€were€having€an€affair.€€She€also€testified€that€theŠ ü L  ŠDefendant€never€told€her€that€he€was€involved€in€any€murder€and€that€he€was€worried€that€becauseŠ č 8  Šof€his€race€the€police€in€Tennessee€would€not€believe€his€story.Š Ō$  ŠĢą  ąRobert€Cecil€Latta,€Sr.,€who€was€employed€by€the€Cash€In€Pawn€Shop€in€July€of€1997,Š ¬ü  Štestified€that€his€records€showed€that€on€July€24,€1997,€š šDavid€Antonio€Riverašš€pawned€an€ElginŠ ˜č  Šnon„gold€pocket€watch,€a€10€karat€Noahššs€Ark€bracelet,€two€womenššs€free€form€rings,€and€a€NikonŠ „Ō  Šcamera,€Model€ZT400.€€Latta€testified€that€his€records€indicated€that€on€August€7,€1997,€š šDavidŠ pĄ ŠRiverašš€retrieved€the€items€that€he€pawned.€€Latta€produced€from€his€records€a€photocopy€of€the€stateŠ \¬ Šissued€I.D.€of€š šDavid€Rivera.šš€Š H˜ ŠĢą  ąMartin€Kevin€Giovi€testified€that€he€used€to€be€Deborah€Grahamššs€boyfriend€in€1994€andŠ  p Šthat,€during€their€relationship,€Deborah€Graham€mentioned€that€her€sister,€Denice€Smith,€was€havingŠ  \ Šmarital€problems€because€her€sisterššs€husband€was€abusing€the€kids.€€Giovi€testified€that€DeborahŠ ųH ŠGraham€requested€that€he€š šgo€down€there€and€kill€himšš€on€three€or€four€occasions.€€Giovi€testifiedŠ ä4 Šthat€he€went€to€jail€and,€upon€his€release€in€1997,€he€and€Deborah€Graham€began€living€togetherŠ Š  Šagain€in€New€York.€€Giovi€stated€that€Deborah€Graham€told€him€that€she€was€involved€in€theŠ ¼  Švictimššs€murder.€€Giovi€testified€that,€when€the€police€came€to€arrest€Deborah€Graham,€he€gaveŠ Øų ŠDetective€Paul€Dotzler€a€bag€of€jewelry€that€Deborah€Graham€had€given€to€him.€€On€cross„Š ”ä Šexamination,€Giovi€admitted€that€he€had€multiple€criminal€convictions.Š €Š ŠĢą  ąPaul€Dotzler,€a€detective€with€the€Port€Authority€Police€Department€in€New€York/NewŠ X Ø ŠJersey,€testified€that€he€assisted€Miami€officers€in€locating€and€arresting€Deborah€Graham.€€HeŠ D!” Štestified€that€Deborah€Graham€left€a€piece€of€luggage€at€the€airport€and€that,€from€the€luggage,€theyŠ 0"€  Šlearned€of€her€current€New€York€address.€€The€detective€testified€that€when€Deborah€Graham€wasŠ #l! Šarrested€at€her€New€York€address€Giovi€gave€the€detective€a€bag€of€jewelry€that€he€said€DeborahŠ $X" ŠGraham€had€hidden€in€his€house.€€Š ō$D # ŠĢą  ąCleta€Mae€Smith,€the€victimššs€mother,€testified€that,€when€she€returned€to€the€house€after€herŠ Ģ&"% Šson€was€murdered,€she€found€that€every€drawer€was€taken€out€and€š ševerything€was€[thrown]Š ø'#& Ševerywhere.šš€€The€State€then€showed€her€the€bag€of€jewelry€that€Giovi€gave€to€Detective€Dotzler,Š ¤(ō#' Šand€Cleta€Mae€Smith€identified€it€as€all€hers€and€that,€much€of€it,€she€made€herself.€€Further,€CletaŠ )ą$( ŠMae€Smith€testified€that,€after€the€murder,€she€noticed€that€she€was€missing€her€š šNoahššs€ArkššŠ |*Ģ%) Šbracelet,€a€Nikon€camera,€and€a€š šbig€pink€ice€ring.šš€€Š h+ø&* Їą  ąGilbert€Ramirez,€a€detective€with€the€New€York€City€Police€Department,€testified€that€heŠ ° Šarrested€the€Defendant€in€connection€with€this€murder.€€Detective€Ramirez€testified€that,€when€theŠ œģ ŠDefendant€was€arrested,€he€said€his€name€was€š šJonathan€Riversšš€and€showed€a€driversšš€license€fromŠ ˆŲ Šthe€Virgin€Islands€that€confirmed€this€name.€€The€detective€stated€that,€while€in€custody,€theŠ tÄ ŠDefendant€said,€š šF„„„ing€B„„„es€set€me€upšš€and€š šSomeoneššs€going€to€die€over€this€s„„„.šš€€DetectiveŠ `° ŠRamirez€testified€that€the€Defendant€also€said,€š šI€narrow€it€down€to€five.€€I€got€five€now€on€my€list.€Š L œ ŠIššll€make€it€look€like€a€robbery.šš€€The€detective€testified€that€the€Defendant€also€said,€š šI€got€the€pieceŠ 8 ˆ Šof€the€puzzle.€€I€bet€they€didnššt€say€their€dad€was€involved.šš€€The€detective€explained€that,€when€heŠ $ t Šarrested€the€Defendant,€he€noticed€some€tattoos€on€him€and€found€a€handcuff€key€on€his€person.€Š  ` ŠDetective€Ramirez€testified€that€the€handcuff€key€did€not€fit€the€handcuffs€found€at€the€scene€of€theŠ ü L  Šmurder.€Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąDetective€Ramirez€testified€that€it€was€š ša€couple€of€daysšš€before€the€Defendant€allowed€hisŠ Ą  Šfingerprints€to€be€taken.€€Ramirez€then€identified€pictures€of€the€Defendantššs€tattoos.€€The€first€wasŠ ¬ü  Šon€the€Defendantššs€chest€and€was€a€dragon.€€The€next€was€on€the€back€side€of€his€left€arm€and€wasŠ ˜č  Ša€big€eagle.€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąIn€his€defense,€the€Defendant€called€Eric€Rodriguez,€who€testified€that€he€worked€at€DezerŠ \¬ ŠProperties,€which€owned€the€Driftwood€Hotel.€€Rodriguez€testified€that€the€records€indicated€thatŠ H˜ ŠDon€Jones€checked€in€to€the€Driftwood€on€July€18,€1997,€and€that€he€checked€out€on€July€23,€1997,Š 4„ Šat€11:34€a.m.€€Rodriguez€testified€that€he€had€never€met,€nor€had€he€ever€seen,€the€Defendant.€€OnŠ  p Šcross„examination,€Rodriguez€testified€that€he€was€not€sure€whether€Dezer€Properties€owned€theŠ  \ ŠDriftwood€hotel€in€1997€and€that€he€was€not€working€at€the€Driftwood€at€that€time.Š ųH ŠĢą  ąMarion€Graham€testified€that€she€was€Don€Grahamššs€sister„in„law€and€Deborah€GrahamššsŠ Š  Šand€Denice€Smithššs€aunt.€€Marion€Graham€testified€that,€during€the€afternoon€of€July€24,€1997,€sheŠ ¼  Šlearned€that€the€victim€was€killed€from€he€niece€Jennifer€Gainer.€€She€stated€that,€on€that€same€dayŠ Øų Šat€around€6:00€p.m.€or€6:30€p.m.,€Denice€Smith€called€her,€and€then,€at€approximately€12:30€a.m.,Š ”ä ŠDenice€Smith€arrived€at€Marion€Grahamššs€house€with€Don€Graham,€Brittany€Smith€and€JoshuaŠ €Š ŠSmith.€€Marion€Graham€testified€that€Deborah€Graham€called€her€earlier€that€evening€and€gave€herŠ l¼ Ša€phone€number€in€Florida€to€give€to€Don€Graham€when€he€got€to€Marion€Grahamššs€house.€€MarionŠ X Ø ŠGraham€stated€that€she€gave€Don€Graham€the€number,€and€Marion€Grahamššs€phone€records€showedŠ D!” Šthat€at€1:04€a.m.€a€call€was€placed€from€her€house€to€Florida€that€lasted€forty„eight€minutes.€€MarionŠ 0"€  ŠGraham€testified€that,€when€Deborah€Graham€called€her,€she€sounded€hysterical€and€she€was€asking,Š #l! Šš šWhereššs€my€dad?€€Heššs€gone,€heššs€checked€out,€heššs€not€here.€€Have€you€heard€from€him?€€WhereŠ $X" Šdid€they€go.šš€€Marion€Graham€told€Deborah€Graham€that€she€had€spoken€with€both€Don€Graham€andŠ ō$D # ŠDenice€Smith.Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą  ąMarion€Graham€testified€that€the€victimššs€children,€Brittany€Smith€and€Joshua€Smith,€stayedŠ ø'#& Šwith€her€for€a€day€or€two€until€she€brought€them€back€to€Cocke€County.€€Marion€Graham€testifiedŠ ¤(ō#' Šthat€Denice€Smith€had€already€gone€back€to€Cocke€County.€€Marion€Graham€testified€that,€in€theŠ )ą$( Šā ādays€that€she€was€with€Brittany€Smith€and€Joshua€Smith,€Brittany€Smith€talked€about€her€feelingsŠ |*Ģ%) Šabout€the€victimššs€death,€but€did€not€mention€any€conversation€that€she€might€have€overheardŠ ° Šregarding€the€death.€€Š œģ Šā āĢą  ąJennifer€Gainer€testified€that€she€was€Don€Grahamššs€daughter€and€Denice€Smithššs€andŠ tÄ ŠDeborah€Grahamššs€sister.€€She€testified€that,€when€she€heard€about€the€victimššs€death,€she€called€herŠ `° Šaunt,€Marion€Graham.€€She€testified€that€Deborah€Graham€called€her€and€that€she€was€š šhystericalššŠ L œ Šand€looking€for€Don€Graham.€€Gainer€stated€that€she€and€Marion€Graham€called€each€other€multipleŠ 8 ˆ Štimes€that€day.Š $ t ŠĢą  ąThe€jury€found€the€Defendant€guilty€of€first€degree€murder€and€sentenced€the€Defendant€toŠ ü L  Šlife€in€prison€with€the€possibility€of€parole.€€The€Defendant€filed€a€timely€motion€for€new€trial,€whichŠ č 8  Šthe€trial€court€denied.€€The€Defendant€now€appeals€contending€that:€€(1)€the€prosecutor€madeŠ Ō$  Šimproper€statements€to€the€jury;€(2)€the€trial€court€improperly€admitted€into€evidence€two€pieces€ofŠ Ą  Ševidence€and€statements€of€his€co„defendants;€(3)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€grant€hisŠ ¬ü  Šrequest€for€a€continuance;€(4)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€grant€him€a€judgment€ofŠ ˜č  Šacquittal;€(5)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€instructed€the€jury;€(6)€the€voir€dire€was€improper;€(7)€theŠ „Ō  Štrial€court€erred€when€it€refused€the€Defendantššs€request€to€change€venue;€(8)€the€trial€court€erredŠ pĄ Šwhen€it€refused€to€admit€drawings€made€by€a€key€prosecution€child„witness;€(9)€the€trial€court€erredŠ \¬ Šwhen€it€allowed€two€witnesses€to€remain€in€the€courtroom€for€the€duration€of€the€trial;€(10)€the€trialŠ H˜ Šcourt€erred€when€it€refused€to€consider€evidence€regarding€statements€allegedly€made€by€the€juryŠ 4„ Šforeman;€(11)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€allow€a€New€York€search€warrant€and€affidavitŠ  p Što€be€admitted€into€evidence;€(12)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€a€photograph€of€the€deceasedŠ  \ Što€be€admitted€into€evidence;€and€(13)€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€did€not€review€the€š šTBI€file.ššŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµÖ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ׃ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś2Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ×Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµ”Ė#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ ųH Šņ ņĢą@……ģąII.€€Pre„trial€Rulingsó óˆŠ Š  Šą  ąThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€ruling€on€several€of€his€pre„trial€motions.€Š ¼  ŠFirst,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€grant€his€motion€for€aŠ Øų Šcontinuance.€€Second,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€denied€his€motion€forŠ ”ä Šchange€of€venue.€€Lastly,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€voir€dire€was€improper.€Š €Š ŠĢą@OOģąņ ņA.€€Motion€for€Continuanceó óˆŠ X Ø ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€denied€his€request€for€a€continuance,Š 0"€  Šbut€does€not€cite€where€in€the€record€he€made€this€motion.€€The€State€contends€that€this€issue€isŠ #l! Šwaived€because€there€was€no€formal€motion€for€continuance€filed.€€A€thorough€review€of€the€recordŠ $X" Šrevealed€multiple€motions€for€continuance,€all€of€which€were€granted€by€the€trial€court,€save€one.€Š ō$D # ŠWe€presume€that€the€Defendant€appeals€the€motion€for€continuance€that€he€filed€under€seal€onŠ ą%0!$ ŠFebruary€23,€2001,€which€the€trial€court€denied,€and€now€address€this€issue€on€appeal.Š Ģ&"% ŠŠ ø'#& Šą  ąIn€the€Defendantššs€motion€to€continue,€the€Defendant€asserted€that€the€State€did€not€provideŠ ° Šhim€with€information€regarding€Harry€David€Hodge.€€Specifically,€the€Defendant€contended€that€theŠ œģ ŠState€gave€him€a€list€of€persons€considered€suspects€at€the€preliminary€stages€of€the€investigation,Š ˆŲ Šwhich€included€a€suspect€identified€as€š šGeorge€(last€name€unknown),šš€and€then€on€February€21,Š tÄ Š2001,€the€State€provided€pictures€of€the€four€people€who€Brittany€Smith€failed€to€identify€on€AugustŠ `° Š5,€1997,€including€a€picture€of€Harry€David€Hodge.€€The€Defendant€alleged€that€the€State€called€toŠ L œ Šinform€the€defense€that,€in€preparation€for€trial,€it€realized€that€Brittany€Smith€did€identify€Hodge€asŠ 8 ˆ Šbeing€one€of€the€š šGeorges,šš€and€that€the€Detective€was€mistaken€when€he€testified€that€she€had€notŠ $ t Šidentified€any€of€the€pictures.€€Upon€this€basis,€the€Defendant€requested€that€the€trial€be€continuedŠ  ` Šso€that€his€investigator€could€further€investigate€Hodgeššs€involvement€in€this€murder.€€Additionally,Š ü L  Šthe€investigator€testified€that€he€had€already€interviewed€Hodge€with€relation€to€this€case,€but€that,Š č 8  Šhad€he€known€that€Brittany€Smith€identified€Hodge,€his€approach€in€interviewing€Hodge€would€haveŠ Ō$  Šbeen€different.Š Ą  Š€€Š ¬ü  Šą  ąIn€response€to€the€Defendantššs€motion€for€a€continuance,€the€State€filed€a€letter€that€the€StateŠ ˜č  Šfurnished€to€the€Defendant,€which€provided€statements€from€both€George€Penta€and€Hodge.€€In€thisŠ „Ō  Šletter,€the€State€underlined€that€these€statements€were€provided€as€possible€ņņBradyóó€material,Š pĄ Šspecifically€that€these€statements€š šconflict€with€the€statement€of€[Brittany€Smith].šš€€Further,€onŠ \¬ Šcross„examination,€the€investigator€admitted€that€in€Hodgeššs€statement,€which€the€State€provided€toŠ H˜ Šthe€defense,€Hodge€maintained€that€he€did€not€know€Deborah€Graham€and€that€he€had€not€been€toŠ 4„ ŠTennessee€recently.€€The€investigator€stated€that€from€this€he€would€have€to€assume€that€the€reasonŠ  p ŠHodge€was€being€asked€about€Tennessee€was€because€he€was€a€suspect€of€some€sort.€€TheŠ  \ Šinvestigator€admitted€that,€even€though€the€State€may€not€have€listed€Hodge€as€a€suspect,€he€š šknewŠ ųH Šhe€had€been€treated€as€a€suspect€at€some€point€by€the€government.šš€€Based€upon€this€admission,€theŠ ä4 ŠCourt€overruled€the€motion€for€continuance.Š Š  ŠĢą  ąThe€granting€of€a€continuance€rests€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€ņņState€v.Š Øų ŠHinesóó,€919€S.W.2d€573,€579€(Tenn.€1995);€ņņMoorehead€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€271,€409€S.W.2d€357,€358Š ”ä Š(1965);€ņņState€v.€Morganóó€825€S.W.2d€113,€117€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€A€reversal€may€only€occurŠ €Š Šif€the€denial€was€an€abuse€of€discretion€and€the€defendant€was€improperly€prejudiced€in€that€aŠ l¼ Šdifferent€result€might€reasonably€have€been€reached€if€the€continuance€had€been€granted.€€ņņHinesóó,€919Š X Ø ŠS.W.2d€at€579;€ņņState€v.€Caughronóó,€855€S.W.2d€526,€534€(Tenn.€1993);€ņņState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2dŠ D!” Š250,€257€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990);€ņņBaxter€v.€Stateóó,€503€S.W.2d€226,€230€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1973).€Š 0"€  ŠAn€abuse€of€discretion€is€demonstrated€by€showing€that€the€failure€to€grant€a€continuance€denied€theŠ #l! Šdefendant€a€fair€trial€or€that€it€could€be€reasonably€concluded€that€a€different€result€would€haveŠ $X" Šfollowed€had€the€continuance€been€granted.€€ņņHinesóó,€919€S.W.2d€at€579.€€The€burden€rests€upon€theŠ ō$D # Šdefendant€to€show€that€the€trial€courtššs€denial€of€the€motion€to€continue€was€prejudicial.€€ņņBaxteróó,€503Š ą%0!$ ŠS.W.2d€at€230.Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€cites€ņņState€v.€Reynoldsóó,€671€S.W.2d€854,€856€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1984),€forŠ ¤(ō#' Šthe€proposition€that€there€are€five€factors€that€a€court€should€consider€when€determining€whether€theŠ )ą$( Šā ātrial€court€should€have€granted€a€continuance€to€interview€or€procure€a€defense€witness.€€In€ņņReynoldsóó,Š |*Ģ%) Šthis€court€found€š šhelpfulšš€the€five€factors€articulated€in€ņņDickerson€v.€Alabamaóó,€667€F.2d€1364€(11thŠ ° ŠCir.€1982).€€Those€factors€are:Š œģ Šā āĢą8  ąThe€first€factor€is€the€diligence€of€defense€counsel€in€interviewing€the€witness€andŠ tÄ Šattempting€to€procure€her€attendance.€€The€second€factor€is€the€probability€of€securingŠ `° Šthe€testimony€within€a€reasonable€time.€€The€third€factor€is€the€specificity€of€theŠ L œ Špersonššs€expected€testimony.€€The€fourth€factor€is€the€degree€to€which€the€expectedŠ 8 ˆ Štestimony€is€favorable€to€the€defendant.€€The€fifth€factor€is€the€uniqueness,€or€theŠ $ t Šcumulative€nature,€of€the€expected€testimony.€€Š `Š Š  ŠĢņņReynoldsóó,€671€S.W.2d€at€856.€€Based€upon€these€factors,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€courtššsŠ č 8  Šdenial€of€his€motion€to€continue€prejudiced€him€and€constituted€reversible€error.€€Specifically,€theŠ Ō$  ŠDefendant€asserts€that€it€was€his€contention€at€trial€that€the€meeting€where€the€Defendant€stated,Š Ą  Šš šWeššve€killed€someone,šš€about€which€Brittany€Smith€testified,€never€took€place.€€The€DefendantŠ ¬ü  Šasserts€that€when€he€learned€that€Brittany€Smith€identified€Hodge,€š šit€became€critical€to€the€defenseŠ ˜č  Š.€.€.€to€show€that€[Hodge],€and€for€that€matter€[the€Defendant],€were€not€and€could€not€have€beenŠ „Ō  Špresent€at€the€meeting€Brittany€Smith€says€occurred€in€the€motel€room€after€the€killing.šš€Š pĄ ŠĢą  ąWe€do€not€find€the€Defendantššs€contention€persuasive.€€The€Defendantššs€investigator€testifiedŠ H˜ Šthat€he€interviewed€Hodge€and€that€he€knew€that€Hodge€had€been€treated€as€a€suspect.€€He€knew€thatŠ 4„ Šthe€police€questioned€Hodge€as€to€his€whereabouts€when€the€meeting€allegedly€occurred.€€Further,Š  p Šthe€Defendant€was€aware€that€Brittany€Smith€identified€two€Georges,€and€the€State€gave€theŠ  \ ŠDefendant€a€picture€of€Hodge€as€possible€exculpatory€evidence.€€While€the€investigator€testified€thatŠ ųH Šhe€would€have€interviewed€Hodge€differently€had€he€been€aware€that€Brittany€Smith€identifiedŠ ä4 ŠHodge,€he€still€had€the€opportunity€interview€Hodge.€€According€to€the€Defendant,€š šthe€interviewŠ Š  Šclearly€showed€that€[Hodge]€was€not€present€at€any€meeting€where€the€death€of€[the€victim]€wasŠ ¼  Šdiscussed.šš€€This€testimony€is€not€specific€or€unique€and,€while€it€may€have€impeached€BrittanyŠ Øų ŠSmithššs€testimony,€it€is€not€highly€favorable€to€the€Defendant.€€After€a€review€of€the€entire€recordŠ ”ä Šwe€do€not€find€that€the€defendant€failed€to€receive€a€fair€trial€or€that€a€different€result€would€or€mightŠ €Š Šreasonably€have€been€reached€if€a€continuance€had€been€granted.€€Therefore,€we€conclude€that€theŠ l¼ Štrial€judge€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€when€it€denied€the€Defendantššs€motion€for€a€continuance.€€Š X Ø ŠĢą@——ģąņ ņB.€€Motion€for€Change€of€VenueˆŠ 0"€  ŠĢó óą  ąThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€denied€his€motion€for€change€ofŠ $X" Švenue.€€When€addressing€this€issue,€the€Defendantššs€brief,€in€its€entirety,€reads:Š ō$D # ŠĢą8  ąIt€is€the€position€of€[the€Defendant]€that€the€court€erred€in€refusing€to€change€venueŠ Ģ&"% Šbased€upon€publicity€at€the€time€of€the€commission€of€the€crime,€publicityŠ ø'#& Šsurrounding€the€prior€trial€of€Smith€and€Graham,€and€publicity€prior€to€[theŠ ¤(ō#' ŠDefendantššs]€trial.€€This€publicity€took€place€through€the€newspaper,€radio,€andŠ )ą$( Štelevision.€€Based€on€the€enormous€amount€of€publicity€it€was€impossible€to€get€aŠ |*Ģ%) Šjuror€who€had€not€been€exposed€to€this€publicity,€prior€to€trial.Šh+ø&*Š Š  ЇThe€Defendant€does€not€cite€to€the€record€or€provide€any€citation€to€any€legal€authority.€€Ō‡XµXXXµŌThe€StateŠ ° Šcontends€that€the€Defendant€waived€this€issue€and€is€correct€that€issues€that€are€not€adequatelyŠ œģ Šbriefed€are€deemed€waived.ņ ņ€€ó óŌ#†XµXXXµ ō#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌTennessee€Court€of€Criminal€Appeals€Rule€10(b)€states€that€š š[i]ssuesŠ ˆŲ Šwhich€are€not€supported€by€argument,€citation€to€authorities,€or€appropriate€references€to€the€recordŠ xČ Šwill€be€treated€as€waived€in€this€court.šš€€ņņSeeóó€ņņalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7).€€Accordingly,€weŠ d“ Šconclude€that€the€Defendant€has€waived€this€issue.€€Ō#†XµXXXµõ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌŠ P   ŠŌ#†XµXXXµŠö#ŌĢą@ĀĀ$ģąņ ņC.€€Voir€DireˆŠ ( x Šó óĢą  ąThe€Defendant€asserts€that€the€š šjury€panel€was€illegal€in€that€it€contained€at€least€fiveŠ  P  Šmembers,€or€their€spouses€of€people€who€were€on€the€grand€jury€which€indicted€Rivera.šš€€Further,Š ģ <  Šthe€Defendant€claims€that€three€jury€members€should€have€been€excused€for€cause,€š štwo€of€thoseŠ Ų(  Šjurors€were€Marshall€and€Vick.šš€€The€Defendant€contends€that€š šJuror€Marshall€indicated€that€he€hadŠ Ä  Šread€about€the€alleged€perpetrator€of€this€offense€and€had€formed€an€opinion€at€the€time€he€had€readŠ °  Šthat€and€that€the€two€sisters€had€secured€[the€Defendant]€to€kill€[the€victim].šš€€We€only€address€theŠ œģ  ŠDefendantššs€contention€that€š šMarshallšš€and€š šVickšš€should€have€been€excused€for€cause€since€thoseŠ ˆŲ  Šare€the€only€jurors€whose€name€he€provided€in€his€brief.€€The€Defendant€has€waived€any€other€issueŠ tÄ Šwith€any€other€juror€by€not€providing€the€jurorššs€name€and€not€providing€any€citations€to€the€record.€Š `° ŠTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€10(b);€ņņŌ‡XµXXXµŌseeóó€ņņalsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€27(a)(7).€Ō#†XµXXXµ×ū#ŌŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ)Ģ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ Lœ ŠĢą  ąArticle€I,€section€9,€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution€assures€the€accused€in€a€criminalŠ $t Šprosecution€š šthe€right,€among€other€rights,€to€a€speedy€public€trial€.€.€.€[by]€an€impartial€jury.šš€ToŠ ` Šensure€an€impartial€jury€Tennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€24€provides€that€the€Defendant,€orŠ üL Šthe€State,€may€challenge€a€juror€for€cause.€€The€Rules€states:Š č8 ŠĢą8  ą(B)€Challenges€for€Cause.€š"š€If€the€trial€judge,€after€examination€of€any€juror,€is€ofŠ Ą Šthe€opinion€that€grounds€for€challenge€for€cause€are€present,€the€judge€shall€excuseŠ ¬ü Šthat€juror€from€the€trial€of€the€case.€.€.€.€Any€party€may€challenge€a€prospective€jurorŠ ˜č Šfor€cause€if:Š„ŌŠ Š  ŠĢą8  ą€.€.€.€.€(2)€The€prospective€jurorššs€exposure€to€potentially€prejudicial€informationŠ \ ¬ Šmakes€the€person€unacceptable€as€a€juror.€€Both€the€degree€of€exposure€and€theŠ H!˜ Šprospective€jurorššs€testimony€as€to€his€or€her€state€of€mind€shall€be€considered€inŠ 4"„  Šdetermining€acceptability.€€A€prospective€juror€who€states€that€he€or€she€will€beŠ  #p! Šunable€to€overcome€preconceptions€shall€be€subject€to€challenge€for€cause€no€matterŠ  $\" Šhow€slight€the€exposure.€€If€the€prospective€juror€has€seen€or€heard€and€remembersŠ ų$H # Šinformation€that€will€be€developed€in€the€course€of€trial,€or€that€may€be€inadmissibleŠ ä%4!$ Šbut€is€not€so€prejudicial€as€to€create€a€substantial€risk€that€his€or€her€judgment€will€beŠ Š& "% Šaffected,€the€prospective€jurorššs€acceptability€shall€depend€on€whether€the€testimonyŠ ¼' #& Šā āas€to€impartiality€is€believed.€€If€the€prospective€juror€admits€to€having€formed€anŠ Ø(ų#' Šopinion,€he€or€she€shall€be€subject€to€challenge€for€cause€unless€the€examinationŠ ° Šshows€unequivocally€that€the€prospective€juror€can€be€impartial.׃Nׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś3Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€ŠœģŠ Š  Šā āŌ‡XµXXXµŌĢTenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€24.€€š šThe€challenge€for€cause€was€designed€to€exclude€from€the€jury€[prospectiveŠ tÄ Šjurors]€whose€bias€or€prejudice€rendered€them€unfit€.€.€.€.šš€ņņState€v.€Humphreysóó,€70€S.W.3d€752,€765Š `° Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2001)€(quoting€ņņManning€v.€Stateóó,€155€Tenn.€266,€292€S.W.€451,€455€(1927)).€€Š L œ ŠJuror€qualification€rests€within€the€discretion€of€the€trial€court€and€š šthe€trial€judgeššs€finding€a€jurorŠ 8 ˆ Što€be€qualified€will€not€be€disturbed€on€review€except€on€the€clear€showing€of€an€abuse€ofŠ $ t Šdiscretion.šš€€ņņHumphreysóó,€70€S.W.3d€at€765€(quoting€ņņBurns€v.€Stateóó€591€S.W.2d€780,€782€(Tenn.Š  ` ŠCrim.€App.€1979));€ņņState€v.€Scarbroughóó,€No.€E1999„00931„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€775603,€at€*9Š ü L  Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€July,€2001),€ņņperm.€app.€denied€óó(Jan.€7,€2002).Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąAlthough€jurors€may€be€excluded€for€cause€if€they€have€formed€an€opinion€which€will€preventŠ Ą  Šimpartiality,€š š[j]urors€need€not€be€totally€ignorant€of€the€facts€of€the€case€on€which€they€sit€[andŠ ¬ü  Ševen]€the€formation€of€an€opinion€on€the€merits€will€not€disqualify€a€juror€if€[the€juror]€can€lay€asideŠ ˜č  Š[his€or€her]€opinion€and€render€a€verdict€based€on€the€evidence€presented.šš€€ņņState€v.€Howellóó,€868Š „Ō  ŠS.W.2d€238,€249€(Tenn.€1993).€€The€United€States€Supreme€Court€has€made€the€followingŠ pĄ Šobservation:Š \¬ ŠĢą8  ąIn€these€days€of€swift,€widespread€and€diverse€methods€of€communication,€anŠ 4„ Šimportant€case€can€be€expected€to€arouse€the€interest€of€the€public€in€the€vicinity,€andŠ  p Šscarcely€any€of€those€best€qualified€to€serve€as€jurors€will€not€have€formed€someŠ  \ Šimpression€or€opinion€as€to€the€merits€of€the€case.€€This€is€particularly€true€inŠ ųH Šcriminal€cases.€€To€hold€that€the€mere€existence€of€any€preconceived€notion€as€to€theŠ ä4 Šguilt€or€innocence€of€an€accused,€without€more,€is€sufficient€to€rebut€the€presumptionŠ Š  Šof€a€prospective€jurorššs€impartiality€would€be€to€establish€an€impossible€standard.Š ¼  ŠŌ#†XµXXXµ3#ŌŠ Š Š  ŠņņIrvin€v.€Dowdóó,€366€U.S.€717,€722„23€(1961).€€Thus,€so€long€as€a€juror€can€set€aside€any€previously„Š ”ä Šformed€opinions€and€render€a€verdict€based€upon€the€evidence€presented€in€court,€the€juror€mayŠ €Š Šproperly€participate€in€the€case.€€ņņId.óó€€In€the€case€under€submission,€while€Juror€Marshall€initiallyŠ l¼ Šindicated€that€he€had€read€in€the€newspaper€about€the€murder€and€the€Defendantššs€involvement,€heŠ X Ø Šalso€told€the€court€that€he€could€serve€on€the€jury€and€decide€this€case€based€upon€only€the€evidenceŠ D!” Šthat€was€produced€in€this€case€and€the€law.Š 0"€  Їą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Youššve€read€the€ņņPlain€Talkóó׃Qׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś4Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀.€.€.€.€stories€about€[the€victim]€,€.€.€.backŠ ° Šin€July€of€1997,€Debbie€Graham€and€Denise€Smith,€[and€the€Defendant].€€Have€youŠ œģ Šread€anything€in€the€ņņPlain€Talk€óóthat€you€recall€about€those€individuals€or€these€events.ŠˆŲŠ Š  Šą8  ą.€.€.€.€ŠtÄŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€I€donššt€know€if€I€read€this€or€heard€it.€€Exactly€whatššs€in€my€mindŠ `° Šthat€I€heard€or€read?€.€.€.€Two€sisters€had€him€to€do€it€or€something€or€other€like€that.ŠL œŠ Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Did€you€recognize€his€name€when€.€.€.€.€Š8 ˆŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€It€has€been€so€long€ago€Iššd€forgotten€Š$ tŠ Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Do€you€recall€how€long€ago€that€was€that€you€heard€that?€€Was€itŠ  ` Šaround€the€.€.€.€Šü L Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€It€was€around€the€time€that€it€happened.Šč 8 Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Do€you€recall€anything€else€about€it?ŠŌ$ Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€The€father€had€custody€of€the€children.ŠĄ Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Okay.€€Anything€else?Ьü Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€I€think€thatššs€about€all€I€remember.Š˜č Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Did€you€form€any€kind€of€opinion€back€when€you€heard€that€anywhereŠ „Ō  Šfrom€that€[the€Defendant]€wasnššt€involved€in€it,€may€have€been€a€little€involved€in€it,Š pĄ Šhe€was€involved€in€it,€did€you€form€any€opinion€at€that€time?Š\¬Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€Well,€anytime€you€read€something€in€the€paper€you€form€an€opinion,Š H˜ Šyou€know.€€Š4„Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€What€opinion€did€you€form€at€that€time?Š pŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€You€automatically€think€what€you€read€in€the€paper€is€true.Š \Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€I€understand.€€I€donššt€mean€to€put€words€in€your€mouth€at€all,€but€basedŠ ųH Šon€what€you€recall€reading€did€you€form€an€opinion€that€[the€Defendant]€was€orŠ ä4 Šwasnššt€involved€in€it?ŠŠ Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€Well,€you€think€he€is,€I€mean€when€you€read€something€like€that.м Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Would€it€require€some€proof€from€the€Defendantššs€side€to€change€thatŠ Øų Šopinion?Š”äŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€€No,€the€burden€of€proof€is€on€the€State.Š€ŠŠ Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Has€anything€happened€between€the€time€that€you€read€that€or€heard€itŠ l¼ Šand€I€understand€.€.€.€that€has€changed€your€opinion€in€any€way.ŠX ØŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€My€mind€is€open.ŠD!”Š Š  Šą8  ą.€.€.€.€Š0"€ Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€[I]s€there€anything€that€you€know€about€yourself€that€would€cause€youŠ #l! Šany€concern€as€far€as€your€being€able€to€be€fair€to€both€sides,€the€State€and€theŠ $X" ŠDefendant?Šō$D #Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€No.€Šą%0!$Š Š  Šą  ą.€.€.€.Š Ģ&"% Šą8  ą[THE€COURT]:€I€want€to€ask€a€question€or€two,€Mr.€Marshall.€€You€kind€ofŠ ø'#& Šindicated€some€thought,€opinion€whatever€came€to€your€mind.€€Iššm€not€sure€reallyŠ ¤(ō#' Šwhether€it€was€an€opinion.€€But€you€now€say€youššre€open„minded€but€then€you€alsoŠ )ą$( Šsaid€that€really€nothing€had€happened€to€change€that€thought€or€opinion€if€we€call€itŠ ° Šthat.€€And€that€raises€a€little€bit€of€inconsistency.€€But€I€think€I€understood€what€youŠ œģ Šwere€saying.€€Are€you€saying€that€you€read€the€newspaper€or€whatever,€some€thoughtsŠ ˆŲ Šcame€to€your€mind€.€.€.€ŠtÄŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€RightŠ`°Š Š  Šą8  ą[THE€COURT]:€.€.€.now€you€have€an€open€mind.€€Does€that€mean€those€thoughts€areŠ L œ Šnot€there€now?Š8 ˆŠ Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€Yeah.Š$ tŠ Š  Šą8  ą[THE€COURT]:€And€then€the€final€question,€and€youššve€served€on€juries€before.€Š  ` ŠCan€you€serve€on€this€jury€and€decide€this€case€based€upon€only€the€evidence€that€isŠ ü L  Šproduced€in€this€case€and€then€the€law€that€Iššll€apply€to€that€evidence?Šč 8 Š Š  Šą8  ą[MARSHALL]:€Yeah.ŠŌ$ Š Š  ŠĢą  ąWe€hold€that€since€Juror€Marshall€stated€that€the€State€had€the€burden€of€proof€and€indicatedŠ ¬ü  Šthat€he€could€serve€on€the€jury€and€decide€the€case€based€upon€only€the€evidence€and€the€law,€the€trialŠ ˜č  Šcourt€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€in€refusing€to€excuse€Juror€Marshall€for€cause.€Š „Ō  ŠĢą  ąWhile€the€State€is€correct€that€the€Defendant€waived€the€issue€of€whether€the€trial€court€erredŠ \¬ Šwhen€it€refused€to€excuse€Juror€Vick€for€cause€by€providing€no€citations€to€the€record€or€anyŠ H˜ Šargument,€we€briefly€address€this€issue.€€During€voir€dire,€the€following€questions€were€asked€of,€andŠ 4„ Šresponses€given€by,€Juror€Vick:Š  p ŠĢą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Letššs€talk€about€the€ņņPlain€Talkóó.€€What€do€you€recall€.€.€.€[about]€theseŠ ųH Ševents€back€in€July€of€šš97.€.€.€.Šä4Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€I€mainly€just€recall€reading.€€I€probably€made€comments,€I€donššt€know.€Š Š  ŠThatššs€too€far€back.€Š¼ Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Do€you€recall€anything€you€read€.€.€.€.ŠØųŠ Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€Not€in€detail,€no,€I€donššt€remember€.€.€.€.Š”äŠ Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€.€.€.€As€you€sit€there€do€you€recall€any€of€the€details€that€you€read?Š€ŠŠ Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€I€remember€reading€that€a€girl€and€her€sister€had€hired€someone€to€kill€herŠ l¼ Šhusband.€€I€donššt€remember€the€names,€I€just€donššt.€.€.€.€ŠX ØŠ Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Do€you€recall€any€facts€other€than€what€youššve€just€told€us€at€any€timeŠ D!” Šas€far€as€reading€the€paper€is€concerned?Š0"€ Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€I€remember€reading€that€the€two€girls€went€to€jail.€€I€donššt€remember€theŠ #l! Šdetails.Š$X"Š Š  Šą8  ą.€.€.€.Šō$D #Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€.€.€.€Do€you€recall€forming€any€opinion€of€any€type€when€you€read€whatŠ ą%0!$ Šyou€read?ŠĢ&"%Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€Probably€yes.Šø'#&Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€What€opinion€do€you€recall?Ф(ō#'Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€I€would€imagine€that€I€believed€part€of€what€I€read.€€I€do€not€believe€all€ofŠ )ą$( Šwhat€I€read.€€But€Iššm€sure€that€I€read€enough€to€say€this€guy€has€killed€so„and„so;€oh,Š |*Ģ%) Šthatššs€bad;€or€š!š€I€really,€I€donššt€know€what€youššre€expecting€me€to€say€.€.€.€.€Šh+ø&*Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Do€you€mean€after€you€read€what€you€read,€and€it€may€have€been€onŠ ° Šmore€than€one€occasion,€that€you€did€or€didnššt€form€an€opinion€as€to€whether€or€notŠ œģ Š[the€Defendant]€did€any€killing?ŠˆŲŠ Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€I€would€imagine€that€yes,€I€thought€by€reading€it€that€I€would€say€yes,€he€did,Š tÄ Šyou€know.Š`°Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Has€anything€happened€since€then€that€has€changed€that€opinion?ŠL œŠ Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€Being€here€changed€it.Š8 ˆŠ Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€How?Š$ tŠ Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€Because€youššve€got€to€hear€whatššs€in€the€courtroom.Š `Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Would€you€have€to€hear€something€to€change€that€opinion?Šü L Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€If€youššre€saying€that€I€have€formed€an€opinion€and€right€this€minute€that€IŠ č 8  Šsay,€yes,€heššs€guilty,€I€donššt€know€that€yet.ŠŌ$ Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]:€Not€exactly€what€Iššm€saying€but€Iššm€asking€if€it€would€take€someŠ Ą  Ševidence€to€overcome€that€prior€opinion€you€formed?Ьü Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€Iššd€just€have€to€hear€what€evidence€is€here€to€form€an€opinion€either€way.Š˜č Š Š  Šą8  ą[DEFENSE]€Are€you€saying€you€donššt€have€an€opinion€now?Š„Ō Š Š  Šą8  ą[VICK]:€Well,€I€would€say€that€I€am€a€fair€person€and€that€I€would€have€to€hear.€€LikeŠ pĄ Šyou€say,€the€State€has€to€prove€it,€right?€€Okay.€€Like€I€said,€Iššve€been€on€enoughŠ \¬ Šcases€to€know€that€Iššve€been€disappointed€when€I€left€because€it€wasnššt€proven,€IššmŠ H˜ Šsorry,€you€know.€€But€thatššs€what€Iššm€saying.€€Reading€an€article€and€you€read€andŠ 4„ Šitššs,€like€I€say,€itššs€a€happening€and€itššs€over,€you€donššt€think€about€it.€€But€then€whenŠ  p Šyouššre€brought€down€here€and€youššre€put€in€a€position€to€where€you€have€to€judge€itŠ  \ Šmakes€a€difference.€ŠųHŠ Š  ŠĢą  ąFrom€this€transcript,€we€hold€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€when€it€refusedŠ Š  Što€excuse€Juror€Vick€for€cause.€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµiü#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€While€Juror€Vick€mentioned€that€she€read€an€article€in€theŠ ¼  Šnewspaper,€she€clearly€understood€her€duty€as€a€juror€to€hear€the€evidence€presented€and€to€decideŠ Øų Šthe€case€on€that€evidence€alone.Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµŽ8#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌņ ņŠ ”ä ŠĢą@ģąIII.€€Evidentiary€IssuesˆŠ l¼ ŠĢó óą  ąThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€improperly€admitted,€and€refused€to€admit,Š D!” Šmultiple€pieces€of€evidence€and€testimony.€€First,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€courtŠ 0"€  Šimproperly€admitted€a€handcuff€key€into€evidence€that€was€found€on€him€when€he€was€arrested.€Š #l! ŠSecond,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€admitted€pictures€of€his€tattoos€intoŠ $X" Ševidence.€€Third,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€admit€intoŠ ō$D # Ševidence€drawings€that€were€made€by€Brittany€Smith,€which€allegedly€depicted€the€victim€as€beingŠ ą%0!$ Šmean.ņ ņó ó€€Finally,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€improperly€admitted€into€evidenceŠ Ģ&"% Štestimony€of€his€co„defendants.€€Š ø'#& ŠĢą  ąIn€Tennessee,€admissibility€of€evidence€is€within€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€judge.€€ņņStateŠ )ą$( Šv.€Sayloróó,€š!š€S.W.3d€š!š,€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµ·9#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌE2001„00604„SC„R11„CD,€2110€WL€22238947€(Tenn.€Sept.€30,€2003).€€TheŠ |*Ģ%) Šdetermination€of€whether€proffered€evidence€is€relevant€in€accordance€with€Tennessee€Rule€ofŠ h+ø&* ŠEvidence€402€is€left€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€judge,€as€is€the€determination€of€whether€theŠ ° Šprobative€value€of€evidence€is€substantially€outweighed€by€the€possibility€of€prejudice€pursuant€toŠ œģ ŠTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€403.€€ņņState€v.€Kennedyóó,€7€S.W.3d€58,€68€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999)Š ˆŲ Šņņóó(citing€ņņState€v.€Forbesóó,€918€S.W.2d€431,€449€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995));€ņņState€v.€Burlisonóó,€868Š tÄ ŠS.W.2d€713,€720„21€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)).€€In€making€these€decisions,€the€trial€court€mustŠ `° Šconsider€the€questions€of€fact€that€the€jury€will€have€to€consider€in€determining€the€accusedššs€guiltŠ L œ Šas€well€as€other€evidence€that€has€been€introduced€during€the€course€of€the€trial.€€ņņState€v.€Williamsonóó,Š 8 ˆ Š919€S.W.2d€69,€78€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€We€will€only€disturb€an€evidentiary€ruling€on€appealŠ $ t Šwhen€it€appears€that€the€trial€judge€arbitrarily€exercised€his€discretion.€€ņņState€v.€Bakeróó,€785€S.W.2dŠ  ` Š132,€134€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1989ņņņ ņóóó ó).ņ ņó óŠ ü L  ŠĢą  ąInitial€questions€of€admissibility€of€evidence€are€governed€by€Tennessee€Rules€of€EvidenceŠ Ō$  Š401€and€403.€€These€rules€require€that€the€trial€court€must€first€determine€whether€the€profferedŠ Ą  Ševidence€is€relevant.€€Pursuant€to€Rule€401,€evidence€is€deemed€relevant€if€it€has€š šany€tendency€toŠ ¬ü  Šmake€the€existence€of€any€fact€that€is€of€consequence€to€the€determination€of€the€action€moreŠ ˜č  Šprobable€than€it€would€be€without€the€evidence.šš€€ņņSeeóó€ņņForbesóó,€918€S.W.2d€at€449.€€In€other€words,Š „Ō  Šš ševidence€is€relevant€if€it€helps€the€trier€of€fact€resolve€an€issue€of€fact.šš€€Neil€P.€Cohen,€et€al.,Š pĄ ŠņņTennessee€Law€of€Evidenceó󀚚€4.01[4],€at€4„8€(4th€ed.€2000).Š \¬ ŠĢą  ąAfter€the€trial€court€finds€that€the€proffered€evidence€is€relevant,€it€then€weighs€the€probativeŠ 4„ Švalue€of€that€evidence€against€the€risk€that€the€evidence€will€unfairly€prejudice€the€trial.€€ņņState€v.Š  p ŠJamesóó,€81€S.W.3d€751,€757€(Tenn.€2002).€€If€the€court€finds€that€the€probative€value€is€substantiallyŠ  \ Šoutweighed€by€its€prejudicial€effect,€the€evidence€may€be€excluded.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€403.€€š šExcludingŠ ųH Šrelevant€evidence€under€this€rule€is€an€extraordinary€remedy€that€should€be€used€sparingly€andŠ ä4 Špersons€seeking€to€exclude€otherwise€admissible€and€relevant€evidence€have€a€significant€burden€ofŠ Š  Špersuasion.šš€€ņņJamesóó,€81€S.W.3d€at€757„58€(quoting€ņņWhite€v.€Vanderbilt€Univ.óó,€21€S.W.3d€215,€217Š ¼  Š(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1999)).Š Øų ŠĢņ ņą@żż"ģąA.€€Handcuff€KeyˆŠ €Š ŠĢó óą  ąThe€Defendant€alleges€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€the€State€to€admit€intoŠ X Ø Ševidence€a€handcuff€key€that€was€confiscated€from€him€when€he€was€arrested.€€Tthe€New€YorkŠ D!” Šofficer€testified€that€he€found€the€key€on€the€Defendant€at€the€time€of€arrest€and€that€the€key€did€notŠ 0"€  Šopen€the€handcuffs€that€were€found€at€the€scene€of€the€murder.€€The€State€claims€that€the€DefendantŠ #l! Šhas€waived€his€right€to€appeal€this€issue€because€he€did€not€object€to€the€key€being€entered€intoŠ $X" Ševidence€at€trial.€€However,€the€record€reflects€that€the€Defendant€filed€a€motion€in€limine€to€preventŠ ō$D # Šthe€State€from€introducing€the€handcuff€key,€which€the€trial€court€denied.׃ׯ ƒ#ĆŻņņŚ  Ś5Ś  ŚóóŻ  Ż×  ׀€We€conclude€that€theŠ ą%0!$ Šruling€was€sufficiently€clear€that€further€objection€at€the€trial€was€not€necessary.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņGoines€v.€Stateóó,Š Ģ&"% Š572€S.W.2d€644,€649€(Tenn.€1978);€ņņState€v.€Gallaheróó,€No.€E2001„01876„CCA„R3„CD,€2003€WLŠ ø'#& Š21463017,€at€*2€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Knoxville,€June€25,€2003).€€The€Defendant€need€not€renewŠ ¤(ō#' Šhis€objection€during€the€trial€to€save€the€issue€for€appeal;€therefore,€the€Defendant€has€not€waivedŠ ° Šthis€issue.Š œģ ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€asserts€that€the€handcuff€key€was€not€relevant€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€ofŠ tÄ ŠEvidence€401€and€therefore€inadmissible€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€402.€€Further,€theŠ `° ŠDefendant€asserts€that,€even€if€relevant,€the€probative€value€of€the€handcuff€key€was€substantiallyŠ L œ Šoutweighed€by€the€danger€of€unfair€prejudice€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€403.€€At€theŠ 8 ˆ Šhearing€on€the€Defendantššs€motion€for€new€trial,€the€trial€court€stated:Š $ t ŠĢą8  ąIššm€going€to€have€to€overrule€[the€admittance€of€the€handcuff€key]€as€a€grounds€forŠ ü L  Ša€motion€for€new€trial.€€The€handcuff€key,€even€though€it€came€at€a€later€time€[thanŠ č 8  Šthe€arrest],€was€relevant.€€Quite€frankly,€wasnššt€it€proven€at€trial€that€it€didnššt€fit?€€ItŠ Ō$  Šcut€both€ways€and€I€think€it€was€admitted€with€the€understanding€that€it€didnššt€fit.€Š Ą  ŠYou€all€checked€it,€you€know,€before€it€was€ever€actually€introduced.€€So€I€felt€thatŠ ¬ü  Šit€was€relevant.€€Š˜č Š Š  ŠĢą8  ąą ` ąBut€then€on€the€other€hand,€and€I€realize€there€are€times€that€items€like€thisŠ pĄ Šcould€have€been€offered€to€be€introduced€and€it€would€have€been€improper€to€do€it,Š \¬ Šbut€under€the€facts€of€this€case€thatššs€just€another€piece€of€evidence.€€It€wasŠ H˜ Šsomething€that€he€possessed€at€the€time.€€You€know,€had€he€possessed€letššs€sayŠ 4„ Šmarijuana€or€drugs€or€something,€that€might€not€have€been€admissible.€€But€under€theŠ  p Šparticular€facts€of€this€case€it€was€relevant€and€should€have€been€admitted€and€ofŠ  \ Šcourse€was€admitted.ŠųHŠ Š  ŠĢą  ąThe€trial€court€determined€that€the€handcuff€key€was€relevant,€and€we€conclude€that€the€trialŠ Š  Šcourt€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€so€determining.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€the€Defendant€wasŠ ¼  Šcarrying€handcuffs€when€she€met€him€and€before€he€left€with€Denise€Smith€in€the€rental€car.€Š Øų ŠDetectives€found€handcuffs€at€the€scene€of€the€victimššs€murder.€€The€Defendant€was€in€possessionŠ ”ä Šof€a€handcuff€key€at€the€time€of€his€arrest.€€In€light€of€this,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretionŠ €Š Šwhen€it€determined€that€the€handcuff€key€was€relevant.Š l¼ ŠĢą  ąSimilarly,€we€find€that€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€when€it€determined€that€theŠ D!” Šprobative€value€of€the€handcuff€key€was€not€substantially€outweighed€by€its€prejudicial€effect.€€AsŠ 0"€  Šthe€trial€court€noted,€the€handcuff€key€found€on€the€Defendant€did€not€fit€the€handcuffs€that€wereŠ #l! Šfound€at€the€scene€of€the€crime.€€The€trial€court€accurately€stated€that€this€evidence€š šcut€both€ways.šš€Š $X" ŠTherefore,€we€conclude€that€this€issue€is€without€merit.Š ō$D # ŠĢņ ņą@::ģąB.€€Pictures€of€TattoosˆŠ Ģ&"% ŠĢó óą  ąThe€Defendant€next€alleges€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€the€State€to€admitŠ ¤(ō#' Špictures€of€his€tattoos€into€evidence€because€this€evidence€š šwas€not€necessaryšš€since€š šBrittany€SmithŠ )ą$( Šidentified€the€Defendant€from€the€witness€stand€without€the€aid€of€tattoos.šš€€Conversely,€the€StateŠ |*Ģ%) Šcontends€that€the€trial€court€properly€admitted€the€pictures,€because€the€pictures€š šwere€highlyŠ h+ø&* Šrelevant€to€demonstrate€that€Brittany€Smith€recognized€and€could€accurately€identify€the€Defendant.šš€Š ° ŠThe€trial€court€found€that€the€photographs€were€relevant€and€admissible,€stating,€š šI€donššt€know€thatŠ œģ ŠI€can€even€say€that€they€were€prejudicial€.€.€.€.ššŠ ˆŲ ŠĢą  ąTo€be€admissible,€a€photograph€must€be€relevant€to€some€issue€at€trial€and€the€danger€ofŠ `° Šunfair€prejudice,€confusion€of€the€issues,€or€misleading€the€jury€must€not€substantially€outweigh€itsŠ L œ Šprobative€value.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€403;€ņņState€v.€Banksóó,€564€S.W.2d€947,€949€(Tenn.€1978);€ņņGallaheróó,€Š 8 ˆ Š2003€WL€21463017,€at€*2.€€The€determination€of€the€admissibility€of€photographs€lies€within€theŠ $ t Šsound€discretion€of€the€trial€court.€€ņņGallaheróó,€2003€WL€21463017,€at€*2.€€Before€any€photograph€canŠ  ` Šbe€admitted€into€evidence€it€must€be€verified€and€authenticated€by€a€witness€with€knowledge€of€theŠ ü L  Šfacts.€€ņņBanksóó,€564S.W.2d€at€949„50.€Š č 8  ŠĢą  ąThe€trial€courtššs€discretion€to€allow€a€jury€to€š šview€certain€aspects€of€an€individualššs€physicalŠ Ą  Šappearance,€such€as€tattoos€or€scarsšš€is€recognized€in€3€Wartonššs€Criminal€Evidence€šš€16:20€(15thŠ ¬ü  Šed.€1999).€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€Hendersonóó,€No.€W2000„00607„CCA„R3„CD,€2001€WL€912759€(Tenn.€Crim.Š ˜č  ŠApp.,€at€Jackson,€Aug.€10,€2001),€ņņperm.€app.€deniedóó€(Feb.€11,€2002)€(holding€that€did€not€violate€theŠ „Ō  Šdefendantššs€constitutional€rights€when€it€required€the€defendant€to€display€his€teeth€to€the€jury);€ņņseeŠ pĄ Šalsoóó€ņņState€v.€Hendersonóó,€623€S.W.2d€638,€641€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981)€(holding€that€the€trialŠ \¬ Šjudgeššs€forcing€the€defendant€to€display€to€the€jury€a€distinctive€tattoo€on€his€arm€did€not€violate€theŠ H˜ Šdefendantššs€Fifth€Amendment€right€against€self„incrimination);€ņņBlack€v.€Stateóó,€479€S.W.2d€656,€658Š 4„ Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972)€(holding€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€when€it€required€the€defendant€toŠ  p Šstand€up€before€the€jury€to€present€a€front€and€side€view€that€revealed€a€disfigurement€that€wasŠ  \ Špreviously€referred€to€by€a€witness).€Š ųH ŠĢą  ąWhile€the€cases€cited€above€address€whether€compelling€a€defendant€to€reveal€a€scar€or€tattooŠ Š  Šviolates€a€defendantššs€constitutional€right€against€self„incrimination,€we€find€that€they€are€instructiveŠ ¼  Što€our€holding€in€the€case€under€submission€because€in€none€of€these€cases€was€it€consideredŠ Øų Šinflammatory,€cumulative€or€unnecessary€to€compel€the€defendant€to€reveal€tattoos€or€scars.€€In€fact,Š ”ä Šin€all€of€these€cases,€the€evidence€was€considered€relevant€and€admissible.€€Similarly,€theŠ €Š Šphotographs€of€the€Defendantššs€tattoos€were€both€relevant€and€admissible.€€The€evidence€in€this€caseŠ l¼ Šwas€purely€circumstantial,€and€one€of€the€issues€was€whether€Brittany€Smith€correctly€identified€theŠ X Ø ŠDefendant.€€Brittany€Smith€testified€that€she€noticed€the€Defendantššs€tattoos€upon€first€meeting€theŠ D!” ŠDefendant,€and€she€described€those€tattoos€to€the€jury.€€Therefore,€the€photographs€of€the€tattoosŠ 0"€  Šwere€highly€relevant€to€Brittany€Smithššs€credibility€and€to€her€identification€of€the€Defendant.€Š #l! ŠFurther,€in€light€of€the€many€cases€that€hold€that€this€evidence€does€not€violate€the€DefendantššsŠ $X" Šconstitutional€rights,€we€find€that€this€evidence€is€not€unduly€prejudicial.€€Accordingly,€we€concludeŠ ō$D # Šthat€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€by€admitting€the€photographs€of€the€Defendantššs€tattoos.Š ą%0!$ ŠĢņ ņą@ėėģąC.€€Brittany€Smithššs€drawingsˆŠ ø'#& Šó óĢą  ąThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€refused€to€allow€him€access€to€theŠ )ą$( Šfile€that€the€Department€of€Childrenššs€Services€created€prior€to€Debbie€Smithššs€divorce€from€theŠ |*Ģ%) Švictim€because€š šif€there€is€evidence€in€that€file€which€would€reflect€on€the€credibility€of€BrittanyŠ h+ø&* ŠSmith,€then€[the€Defendant]€should€be€entitled€to€that€and€should€have€been€entitled€to€that€at€theŠ ° Štime€of€trial.šš€€The€file€contained€some€pictures€that€Brittany€Smith€drew€before€the€divorce.€€TheŠ œģ ŠDefendant€also€contends€that€it€was€error€for€the€trial€court€to€not€allow€the€š šintroduction€of€theŠ ˆŲ Šfindings€of€the€divorce€court€as€it€related€to€allegations€that€Brittany€[Smith]€made€.€.€.€.šš€€In€his€brief,Š tÄ Šthe€Defendant€makes€no€citations€to€the€record€and,€accordingly,€has€waived€this€issue€pursuant€toŠ `° ŠTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€10(b).€€Š L œ ŠĢą  ąAssuming€the€Defendant€did€not€waived€this€issue,€it€is€without€merit.€The€trial€courtŠ $ t Šreviewed€the€records€ņņin€cameraóó€and€determined€that€nothing€contained€therein€was€in€any€wayŠ  ` Šrelevant€to€Brittany€Smithššs€credibility€or€any€other€issue€at€trial.€€After€thoroughly€reviewing€theŠ ü L  Šrecords,€we€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€they€contain€no€relevant€evidence€and,€pursuant€toŠ č 8  ŠTennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€401,€the€trial€court€did€not€abuse€its€discretion€when€it€determined€thatŠ Ō$  Šthe€evidence€was€inadmissible.€€Accordingly,€we€conclude€that€this€issue€is€without€merit.Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµm>#Ōņ ņŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ Ą  ŠĢą@ŽŽģąD.€€Statements€of€Co„defendantsˆŠ ˜č  ŠĢó óą  ąThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€the€State€to€admit€evidenceŠ pĄ Šthat€Denice€Smith€and€Deborah€Graham€made€statements€to€various€witnesses€that€they€would€killŠ \¬ Šthe€victim€or€have€the€victim€killed,€including€statements€made€to:€Sharon€Jarvis;€Sandra€Strange;Š H˜ ŠChristine€Loveday;€and€Martin€Giovi.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€these€statements€were€hearsay,Š 4„ Šbut€that€they€were€admissible€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€803(3),€which€is€commonlyŠ  p Šreferred€to€as€the€š šstate€of€mindšš€exception.€€On€appeal,€the€State€concedes€that€it€was€error€for€thisŠ  \ Štestimony€to€be€admitted€pursuant€to€Rule€803(3)€relying€on€ņņState€v.€Longóó,€45€S.W.3d€611€(Tenn.Š ųH ŠCrim.€App.€2000),€but€contends€that€the€testimony€was€admissible€as€admissions€by€a€party„Š ä4 Šopponent,€pursuant€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€803(1.2).€€We€agree€with€the€State€on€bothŠ Š  Šaccounts.Š ¼  ŠĢą  ąThe€Defendant€objects€to€the€testimony€of€Jarvis,€Strange,€Loveday€and€Giovi,€based€uponŠ ”ä Šhearsay€grounds.€€The€respective€statements€of€the€respective€witnesses€are€as€follows:€(1)€JarvisššsŠ €Š Štestimony€that,€sometime€between€June€of€1996€and€August€of€1996,€Denice€Smith€told€her€that€sheŠ l¼ Šwas€concerned€that€the€victim€would€get€custody€of€the€children€and,€on€three€occasions,€told€herŠ X Ø Šthat,€if€the€victim€did€get€custody,€she€would€kill€him;€(2)€Strangeššs€testimony€that,€sometimeŠ D!” Šbetween€May€of€1997€and€July€of€1997,€Denice€Smith€inquired€whether€Strange€š šknew€anybodyŠ 0"€  Š[who]€could€do€a€job€for€her?€€And€I€asked€her€what€kind€of€job€that€she€wanted€done,€and€she€saidŠ #l! Šthat€she€would€like€to€have€[her]€husband€taken€care€of€.€.€.€šš;€(3)€Lovedayššs€testimony€that€DeniceŠ $X" ŠSmith€told€her,€on€more€than€one€occasion,€that€if€her€husband€ever€got€custody€of€the€children,€sheŠ ō$D # Šwould€kill€him€or€have€him€killed;€and€(4)€Gioviššs€testimony€that€Deborah€Graham€requested€thatŠ ą%0!$ Šhe€š šgo€down€there€and€killšš€the€victim€on€three€or€four€occasions€between€1994€and€1995.€€Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąHearsay€is€a€š šstatement,€other€than€one€made€by€the€declarant€while€testifying€at€the€trial€orŠ ¤(ō#' Šhearing,€offered€in€evidence€to€prove€the€truth€of€the€matter€asserted.šš€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€801(c).€€AŠ )ą$( Šhearsay€statement€is€not€admissible€except€as€provided€by€the€rules€of€evidence€or€otherwise€by€law.€Š |*Ģ%) ŠTenn.€R.€Evid.€802.€€The€trial€court€admitted€the€statements€pursuant€to€the€so€called€š šstate€of€mindššŠ h+ø&* Šexception€to€the€hearsay€rule€found€in€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€803(3).€€The€State€properlyŠ ° Šconcedes,€and€we€hold,€that€this€was€error.€€The€state€of€mind€exception€can€only€be€used€to€showŠ œģ Šthe€declarantššs€conduct.€€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(3).€€This€Court€has€concluded:Š ˆŲ ŠĢą8  ąOnly€the€declarantššs€conduct,€not€some€third€partyššs€conduct,€is€provable€by€thisŠ `° Šhearsay€exception.€€If€the€statement€had€been€admitted€solely€to€prove€[theŠ L œ Šdeclarantššs]€conduct€.€.€.€the€statement€would€have€been€admissible.€€However,€it€isŠ 8 ˆ Šclear€that€the€statement€was€entered€to€prove€Defendantššs€conduct,€not€[theŠ $ t Šdeclarantššs]€and€for€this€reason,€should€not€have€been€admitted.Š `Š Š  ŠĢņņLongóó,€45€S.W.3d€at€623;€ņņseeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(3),€Advisory€Commission€Comments.€€In€the€caseŠ č 8  Šunder€submission,€it€is€clear€that€the€State€offered€the€testimony€of€these€four€witnesses€to€prove€thatŠ Ō$  ŠDenice€Smith€and€Deborah€Graham€did,€in€fact,€hire€or€secure€the€Defendant€to€kill€the€victim.€Š Ą  ŠTherefore,€this€evidence€was€not€properly€admissible€pursuant€to€the€state€of€mind€exception.Š ¬ü  ŠĢą  ąWhile€the€State€concedes€this€error,€it€contends€that€the€aforementioned€statements€fall€intoŠ „Ō  Šanother€exception,€that€of€š ša€statement€by€a€co„conspirator€of€a€party€during€the€course€of€and€inŠ pĄ Šfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy.šš€€ņņSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€803(1.2)(E).€€The€rationale€for€this€exception€isŠ \¬ Šthe€principle€of€agency,€under€which€each€conspirator€is€bound€to€the€actions€and€statements€madeŠ H˜ Šby€other€conspirators€during€the€course€of€and€in€furtherance€of€a€common€purpose.€€ņņState€v.€Henryóó,Š 4„ Š33€S.W.3d€797,€801€(Tenn.€2000)€(citing€Tennessee€Law€of€Evidence€šš€803(1.2).6,€at€521€(3rd€ņņóóed.Š  p Š1995)).€€The€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€stated€that:Š  \ ŠĢą8  ą[F]or€a€statement€to€be€admissible€under€this€exception,€the€prosecution€mustŠ ä4 Šestablish:€€1)€that€there€is€evidence€of€the€existence€of€a€conspiracy€and€theŠ Š  Šconnection€of€the€declarant€and€the€defendant€to€that€conspiracy;€2)€that€theŠ ¼  Šdeclaration€was€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy;€and€3)€that€theŠ Øų Šdeclaration€was€made€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€Š”äŠ Š  ŠĢņņId.óó€at€801„02.€€These€requirements€must€be€established€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence.€€ņņStateŠ l¼ Šv.€Stamperóó,€863€S.W.2d€404,€406€(Tenn.€1993).€€If€a€conspiracy€is€shown€to€exist,€the€co„Š X Ø Šconspiratorššs€statement€is€admissible€even€though€no€conspiracy€has€been€formally€charged.€€ņņStateŠ D!” Šv.€Lequireóó,€634€S.W.2d€608,€612€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1981);€ņņseeóó€ņņState€v.€Alleyóó,€968€S.W.2d€314€316Š 0"€  Š(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1997).€€Š #l! ŠĢņ ņą@` ` ģą1.€€Evidence€of€Existence€of€Conspiracyó óˆŠ ō$D # ŠĢą  ąWe€must€first€determine€whether€the€State€established€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidenceŠ Ģ&"% Šthe€existence€of€a€conspiracy€and€the€connection€of€the€declarants,€here€Denice€Smith€and€Deborah€Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµv#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ ø'#& ŠGraham,€and€the€Defendant.€€A€conspiracy€is€defined€as€š ša€combination€between€two€or€moreŠ ¤(ō#' Špersons€to€do€a€criminal€or€unlawful€act€or€a€lawful€act€by€criminal€or€unlawful€means.šš€€ņņState€v.Š )ą$( ŠCarruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€516,€555€(Tenn.€2000)€(citing€ņņAlleyóó,€968€S.W.2d€at€316;€ņņState€v.€Gayloróó,€862Š |*Ģ%) ŠS.W.2d€546,€553€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992);€ņņState€v.€Houstonóó,€688€S.W.2d€838,€841€(Tenn.€Crim.Š h+ø&* ŠApp.€1984);€ņņLequireóó,€634€S.W.2d€at€612).€€The€State€only€has€to€show€an€implied€understandingŠ ° Šbetween€the€parties,€not€formal€words€or€a€written€agreement,€in€order€to€prove€a€conspiracy.€€ņņGayloróó,Š œģ Š862€S.W.2d€at€553.€€š šThe€unlawful€confederation€may€be€established€by€circumstantial€evidence€andŠ ˆŲ Šthe€conduct€of€the€parties€in€the€execution€of€the€criminal€enterprises.šš€€ņņId.óó€Š tÄ ŠĢą  ąWe€find€that€the€State€proved€the€existence€of€a€conspiracy€and€established€the€connectionŠ L œ Šbetween€Denice€Smith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµŃ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€and€the€Defendant.€€There€was€ample€evidence€thatŠ 8 ˆ ŠDenice€Smith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ”#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€both€sought€to€have€the€victim€killed€and€that€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ5•#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€GrahamŠ $ t Šwas€soliciting€someone€to€kill€the€victim€for€her€sister€as€early€as€1995.€€The€Defendant€was€seenŠ  ` Šš šriding€aroundšš€with€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµµ•#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€in€the€summer€before€the€victimššs€murder.€€Eight€days€priorŠ ü L  Što€the€murder,€a€package€containing€drugs€was€mailed€to€the€victim€from€a€post€office€300€yards€fromŠ č 8  Šthe€Defendantššs€home€and€contained€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ¬–#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Grahamššs€fingerprints.€€Upon€leaving€Tennessee,Š Ō$  ŠDenice€Smith€went€to€Florida,€where€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµļ—#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€was€living€and€where€she€had€befriended€theŠ Ą  ŠDefendant.€€After€meeting€with€Denice€Smith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ¤˜#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham,€the€Defendant€left€with€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµe™#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŠ ¬ü  ŠGraham€for€a€couple€of€days€and,€when€he€returned,€he€met€with€Denice€Smith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµĻ™#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€GrahamŠ ˜č  Šand€told€Denice€Smith€that€š šweššve€killed€someone.šš€€It€is€clear€from€this€evidence€that,€by€aŠ „Ō  Špreponderance€of€the€evidence,€the€State€established€that€evidence€of€a€conspiracy€existed€as€earlyŠ pĄ Šas€1995€and€established€the€connection€of€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ}š#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham,€Denice€Smith€and€the€Defendant€to€theŠ \¬ Šconspiracy.Š H˜ ŠĢņ ņą@  ģą2.€€Declaration€Made€During€Pendency€of€ConspiracyˆŠ  p Šó óĢą  ąNext,€we€must€determine€whether€the€State€established€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidenceŠ ųH Šthat€the€statements€at€issue€were€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy.€€For€a€statement€of€aŠ ä4 Šco„conspirator€to€be€admissible:Š Š  ŠĢą8  ą[I]t€must€have€been€made€š šduring€the€course€ofšš€the€conspiracy€which€means€that€theŠ Øų Šconspiracy€must€have€been€ongoing€at€the€time€the€statement€was€made.€€If€theŠ ”ä Šconspiracy€had€not€yet€begun€or€had€ended€when€the€statement€was€made,€theŠ €Š Šdeclaration€is€not€admissible€under€this€hearsay€exception,€although€it€may€still€beŠ l¼ Šadmissible€under€some€other€exception.ŠX ØŠ Š  ŠĢņņState€v.€Walkeróó,€910€S.W.2d€381,€385€(Tenn.€1995).€€š šWhere€a€conspiracy€exists,€šševeryone€enteringŠ 0"€  Šinto€the€conspiracy€is€a€party€to€every€act€which€has€before€been€done€by€the€others€and€to€every€actŠ #l! Šby€the€others€afterward€in€furtherance€of€the€common€design.šššš€ņņCarruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€at€556€(citingŠ $X" ŠņņOwens€v.€Stateóó,€84€Tenn.€1,€4€(1885)).€€š šAll€acts€or€declarations€of€conspirators,€or€of€any€of€them,Š ō$D # Šmay€be€given€in€evidence€against€all,€from€the€time€the€conspiracy€had€its€origin€until€its€design€hasŠ ą%0!$ Šbeen€consummated,€or€until€it€is€abandoned.šš€€ņņOwensóó,€84€Tenn.€at€1.€Š Ģ&"% ŠĢą  ąWe€find€that€the€State€proved€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€all€four€statements€toŠ ¤(ō#' Šwhich€the€Defendant€objects€were€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy€between€DeniceŠ )ą$( ŠSmith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ’›#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham.€€At€the€time€that€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµö£#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€requested€that€Giovi€kill€the€victim,Š |*Ģ%) ŠDeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµZ¤#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€was€living€in€New€York,€and€the€stories€of€the€victimššs€abuse€were€relayed€to€herŠ h+ø&* Šby€Denice€Smith.€€Further,€from€subsequent€events,€we€can€infer€that€it€was€upon€Denice€SmithššsŠ ° Šrequest€that€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµå¤#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€attempted€to€find€someone€to€murder€the€victim.€€Š œģ ŠĢą  ąWhile€it€is€clear€each€of€the€statements€were€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracyŠ tÄ Šbetween€Denice€Smith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµ#¦#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham,€the€question€remains€whether€the€Defendant€isŠ `° Šresponsible€for€statements€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy,€but€prior€to€his€joining€theŠ L œ Šconspiracy.€€Using€the€holding€in€ņņCarruthersóó€as€guidance,€we€hold€that€everyone€entering€into€theŠ 8 ˆ Šconspiracy€is€a€party€to€every€statement,€as€well€as€act,€which€has€been€done€before€by€the€others€inŠ $ t Šfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€This€holding€accords€with€holdings€of€other€courts€interpreting€theŠ  ` Šfederal€counterpart€to€Tennessee€Rule€of€Evidence€803(1.2)(E)€and€other€similar€state€rules€ofŠ ü L  Ševidence.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņUnited€States€v.€Cassityóó,€631€F.2d€461,€464€(6th€Cir.1980)€(adopting€the€holdingŠ č 8  Šarticulated€in€ņņUnited€States€v.€United€States€Gypsum€Co.óó,€33€U.S.€364,€393€(1948)€that€š š[w]ith€theŠ Ō$  Šconspiracy€thus€fully€established,€the€declarations€and€acts€of€the€various€members,€even€thoughŠ Ą  Šmade€or€done€prior€to€the€adherence€of€some€to€the€conspiracy,€become€admissible€against€all€asŠ ¬ü  Šdeclarations€or€acts€of€co„conspirators€in€aid€of€the€conspiracyšš);€ņņUnited€States€v.€Rochaóó,€916€F.2dŠ ˜č  Š219,€240€(5th€Cir.€1990)€(holding€that€any€statements€of€the€defendants€co„defendants€made€inŠ „Ō  Šfurtherance€of€a€conspiracy€in€which€the€defendant€was€a€participant€were€admissible,€includingŠ pĄ Šstatements€made€before€the€defendant€joined€the€conspiracy€since€there€was€evidence€of€theŠ \¬ Šdefendantššs€subsequent€knowledge€and€willingness€to€participate€in€the€conspiracy);€ņņUnited€StatesŠ H˜ Šv.€Brownóó,€755€F.Supp.€942,€946€(D.€Colo.€1991)€(holding€that€š š[Federal€Rule€of€Evidence]Š 4„ Š801(d)(2)(E)€permits€admission€of€co„conspirator€statements€against€a€defendant€who€joins€theŠ  p Šconspiracy€after€the€statements€are€madešš);€ņņPeople€v.€Beckóó,€593€P.2d€371,€373€(Colo.€App.€1979)Š  \ Š(holding€that€š š[t]he€acts€and€declarations€of€co„conspirators,€even€those€occurring€prior€to€aŠ ųH Šdefendantššs€involvement,€may€be€admitted€against€the€defendantšš).€€Accordingly,€we€find€that€theŠ ä4 Šstatements€to€which€the€Defendant€objects€were€made€during€the€pendency€of€the€conspiracy€betweenŠ Š  ŠDenice€Smith€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµM§#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Graham€and,€even€though€the€Defendant€did€not€join€the€conspiracy€untilŠ ¼  Šafter€the€statements€were€made,€he€is€responsible€for€them€since€there€was€evidence€of€his€subsequentŠ Øų Šknowledge€and€willingness€to€participate€in€the€conspiracy.Š ”ä ŠĢĢņ ņą@t t ģą3.€€Declaration€in€Furtherance€of€Conspiracyó óˆŠ X Ø ŠĢą  ąAs€we€have€determined€that€all€four€statements€meet€the€first€two€prongs€of€the€test,€we€must€Š 0"€  Šnow€decide€whether€the€statements€were€made€š šin€furtherance€ofšš€the€conspiracy.€€To€be€inŠ #l! Šfurtherance€of€the€conspiracy,€the€statement€must€be€one€that€will€advance€or€aid€the€conspiracy€inŠ $X" Šsome€way.€€ņņState€v.€Heflinóó,€15€S.W.3d€519,€523€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1999).€€In€ņņCarruthersóó,€the€courtŠ ō$D # Šexplained€that:Š ą%0!$ ŠĢą8  ą[A]€statement€may€be€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy€in€countless€ways.€€ExamplesŠ ø'#& Šincluded€statements€designed€to€get€the€scheme€started,€develop€plans,€arrange€forŠ ¤(ō#' Šthings€to€be€done€to€accomplish€the€goal,€update€other€conspirators€on€the€progress,Š )ą$( Šdeal€with€arising€problems,€and€provide€information€relevant€to€the€project.€€WhileŠ |*Ģ%) Šsuch€statements€are€ordinarily€made€to€other€conspirators,€Rule€803(1.2)(E)€does€notŠ h+ø&* Šso€require.€€Statements€to€third€parties€may€qualify€if€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€Š ° ŠŠ Š Š  ŠņņCarruthersóó,€35€S.W.3d€at€555„56€(citing€Tennessee€Law€of€Evidence,€šš€803(1.2)(6),€p.€552).€€CasualŠ ˆŲ Šconversations€are€not€made€š šin€furtherance€ofšš€the€conspiracy€unless€they€somehow€advance€theŠ tÄ Šobjectives€of€the€conspiracy.€€ņņState€v.€Hutchisonóó,€898€S.W.2d€161,€170€(Tenn.€1994).Š `° ŠĢą  ąWe€conclude€that€Denice€Smithššs€inquiry€of€Strange€about€whether€Strange€š šknew€anybodyŠ 8 ˆ Š[who]€could€do€a€job€for€her?€€And€I€asked€her€what€kind€of€job€that€she€wanted€done,€and€she€saidŠ $ t Šthat€she€would€like€to€have€[her]€husband€taken€care€of€.€.€.,šš€and€DeborahŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµP±#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌ€Grahamššs€request€thatŠ  ` ŠGiovi€š šgo€down€there€and€kill€[the€victim]šš€were€both€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€The€aim€ofŠ ü L  Šthe€conspiracy€was€to€kill€the€victim,€and€the€sisters€attempted€to€achieve€this€end€by€procuring€Š č 8  Šsomeone€to€kill€the€victim.€€The€evidence€indicated€that,€after€a€period€of€searching€for€someone€toŠ Ō$  Šcommit€the€murder,€the€sisters€successfully€retained€the€services€of€the€Defendant,€who€the€juryŠ Ą  Šfound€killed€the€victim.€€The€sistersšš€prior€statements€attempting€to€locate€someone€to€kill€the€victimŠ ¬ü  Šwere€both€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy€that€the€Defendant€later€joined.Š ˜č  ŠĢą  ąConversely,€we€conclude€that€the€statements€made€by€Denice€Smith€to€Jarvis€and€LovedayŠ pĄ Što€the€effect€that€if€the€victim€got€custody€of€the€children€she€would€kill€him€or€have€him€killed€wereŠ \¬ Šnot€in€furtherance€of€the€conspiracy.€€Denice€Smithššs€statements€were€merely€a€declaration€of€herŠ H˜ Šintent€that€did€absolutely€nothing€to€advance€or€aid€the€conspiracy€in€any€way.€€Indeed,€theseŠ 4„ Šstatements€appear€to€be€a€part€of€a€casual€conversation€rather€than€an€attempt€to€further€theŠ  p Šconspiracy.€€Thus,€we€agree€with€the€Defendant€that€the€trial€court€erred€when€it€allowed€Jarvis€andŠ  \ ŠLoveday€to€testify€about€Denice€Smithššs€statements.€€However,€we€conclude€that€this€error€isŠ ųH Šharmless€in€light€of€the€fact€that€the€testimony€of€Strange€and€Giovi€was€admissible€and€was€nearlyŠ ä4 Šidentical€and€even€more€condemning.Ō#†¼QÕ»XXµlŗ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌņ ņŠ Š  ŠĢą@ėėģąŌ#†¼QÕ»XXµxĮ#ŌŌ‡XµX»¼QÕŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌIV.€€Prosecutorial€MisconductˆŠ Øų ŠĢą  ąó óThe€Defendant€contends€that€the€prosecutor€made€two€improper€statements€to€the€jury€in€hisŠ €Š Šclosing€argument.€€First,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€prosecutor€gave€the€jury€an€incorrectŠ l¼ Šdefinition€of€š šreasonable€doubt.šš€€Second,€the€Defendant€contends€that€the€prosecutor€improperlyŠ X Ø Šinformed€the€jury€that€it€did€not€matter€whether€the€Defendant€committed€the€murder,€as€long€as€theŠ D!” ŠDefendant€was€š šsitting€in€the€car.ššŠ 0"€  ŠĢą  ąŌ#†XµXXXµĀ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌThe€Tennessee€Supreme€Court€š šhas€long€recognized€that€closing€arguments€are€a€valuableŠ $X" Šprivilege€that€should€not€be€unduly€restricted.šš€€Ō#†XµXXXµŖÄ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌņņTerry€v.€Stateóó,€46€S.W.3d€147,€156€(Tenn.€2001)Š ō$D # Š(citing€Ō#†XµXXXµÅ#ŌņņŌ‡XµXXXµŌņņóóState€v.€Suttonņņóóóó,ņņŌ#†XµXXXµ&Ę#ŌóóŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€562€S.W.2d€820,€823€(Tenn.€1978));€ņņState€v.€Goltzóó,111€S.W.3d€1,€5€(Tenn.Š ą%0!$ ŠCrim.€App.€2003)Ō#†XµXXXµĘ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌ.€€š šŌ#†XµXXXµCĒ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌConsequently,€attorneys€are€given€greater€leeway€in€arguing€their€positionsŠ Ģ&"% Šbefore€the€jury,€and€the€trial€court€has€significant€discretion€in€controlling€these€arguments,€to€beŠ ø'#& Šreversed€only€upon€a€showing€of€an€abuse€of€that€discretion.šš€ņņTerryóó,€46€S.W.3d€at€156€(citing€ņņSuttonóó,Š ¤(ō#' Š562€S.W.2d€at€823);€ņņseeóó€ņņSmith€v.€Stateņņóó,Ō#†XµXXXµŒĒ#ŌóóŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€527€S.W.2d€737,€739€(Tenn.€1975)Ō#†XµXXXµjÉ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌ;€ņņGoltzóó,€111€S.W.3d€atŠ )ą$( Šā ā5.€€This€Court€has€explained€that€š š[closing]€arguments€must€be€temperate,€based€upon€the€evidenceŠ |*Ģ%) Šintroduced€at€trial,€relevant€to€the€issues€being€tried,€and€not€otherwise€improper€under€the€facts€orŠ ° Šlaw.šš€€ņņGoltzóó,€111€S.W.3d€at€5€(citingŌ#†XµXXXµĶÉ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€Ō#†XµXXXµlĖ#ŌņņŌ‡XµXXXµŌņņóóCoker€v.€Stateņņóó,Ō#†XµXXXµ²Ė#ŌóóŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€911€S.W.2d€357,€368€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995)).Š œģ Šā āĢŌ#†XµXXXµĢ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌą  ąWhen€an€appellate€court€finds€an€argument€to€be€improper,€š šthe€established€test€forŠ tÄ Šdetermining€whether€there€is€reversible€error€is€whether€the€conduct€was€so€improper€or€the€argumentŠ `° Šso€inflammatory€that€it€affected€the€verdict€to€the€Appellantššs€detriment.šš€ņņGoltzóó,€111€S.W.3d€at€5Š L œ Š(citingŌ#†XµXXXµ¢Ģ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€Ō#†XµXXXµ^Ī#ŌņņŌ‡XµXXXµŌņņóóHarrington€v.€Stateņņóó,Ō#†XµXXXµ¤Ī#ŌóóŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€215€Tenn.€338,€385€S.W.2d€758,€759€(1965)).€€In€measuring€theŠ 8 ˆ Šprejudicial€impact€of€an€improper€argument,€this€Court€should€consider€the€following€factors:€š š(1)Š $ t Šthe€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€case;€(2)€any€curative€measures€undertaken€by€the€court€Ō#†XµXXXµ Ļ#ŌŌ% ‡c ŌŌ%†csŠŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌand€theŠ  ` Šprosecutor;€(3)€the€Ō% ‡d ŌŌ#†XµXXXµ‘Š#ŌŌ%†dąŠŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌintent€of€the€prosecution;€(4)€the€cumulative€effect€of€the€improper€conduct€andŠ ü L  Šany€other€errors€in€the€record;€and€(5)€the€relative€strength€or€weakness€of€the€case.šš€ņņGoltzóó,€111Š č 8  ŠS.W.3d€at€5„6€(citingŌ#†XµXXXµ!Ń#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€Ō#†XµXXXµ]Ņ#ŌņņŌ‡XµXXXµŌņņóóJudge€v.€Stateņņóó,Ō#†XµXXXµ£Ņ#ŌóóŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€539€S.W.2d€340,€344€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976));€ņņseeóóŌ#†XµXXXµÓ#ŌņņŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€ņņóóState€v.Š Ō$  ŠBuckņņóó,Ō#†XµXXXµ€Ó#ŌóóŌ‡XµXXXµŌ€670€S.W.2d€600,€609€(Tenn.€1984).Š Ą  ŠĢą  ąIn€ņņGoltzóó,€this€Court€found€that€Ō#†XµXXXµōÓ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌwithin€the€closing€argument,€five€general€areas€ofŠ ˜č  Šprosecutorial€Ō#†XµXXXµ Ō#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌmisconduct€are€recognized:€Š „Ō  ŠĢą8  ą1.€€It€is€unprofessional€conduct€for€the€Ō#†XµXXXµ7Õ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌprosecutor€intentionally€to€misstate€theŠ \¬ Ševidence€or€mislead€the€jury€as€to€the€inferences€it€may€draw.€Š H˜ Š2.€€It€is€unprofessional€conduct€for€the€Ō#†XµXXXµßÕ#ŌŌ‡XµXXXµŌprosecutor€to€express€his€[or€her]€personalŠ 4„ Šbelief€or€opinion€as€to€the€truth€or€falsity€of€any€testimony€or€evidence€or€the€guilt€ofŠ  p Šthe€defendant.€€Ō