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ŠĢą@@½½ģąņ ņ€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Putnam€CountyŠ é 9 Šą@@ųųģąNo.€95„139A€€€€€€John€Turnbull,€JudgeŠ Ó # ŠĢĢą@@ģģ*ģąßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` Aߊ ‘į  ŠĢą@@TTģąNo.€M2002„01814„CCA„R3„PC€„€Filed€December€5,€Ō_Ō2003Ō_ŌŠ ŠŚ  ŠĢßA€V) °°` dE<]` Aߊ ^®  Šó óĢÓ  ÓThe€petitioner,€David€L.€Robinson,€appeals€the€Putnam€County€Criminal€Courtššs€denial€of€hisŠ V¦  Špetition€for€post-conviction€relief€from€his€conviction€for€first€degree€murder€and€resulting€sentenceŠ ? Šof€life€imprisonment.€€He€claims€he€received€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€because€his€trialŠ (x Šattorneys€(1)€failed€to€challenge€the€fact€that€no€African„Americans€were€on€the€jury,€(2)€failed€toŠ a Šappeal€Ō#†¼—É»XXĪĒ#ŌŌ‡XĪĒX»¼—ÉŌan€issue€properly€regarding€a€state€witnessššs€testimony,€(3)€failed€to€file€a€motion€to€sever€hisŠ śJ Šcase€from€his€Ō_ŌcodefendantŌ_Ōššs€case,€and€(4)€failed€to€call€a€potential€defense€witness€to€testify.€€WeŠ ć3 Šaffirm€the€trial€courtššs€denial€of€the€petition.Š Ģ ŠĢÓ­Óņ ņTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Courtó ó€ņ ņAffirmedó óŠ žī ŠĢņņÓ  ÓŌ#†¼—É»ąXĪĒĆ#ŌŌ‡XĪĒX.¼—ÉŌJoseph€M.€Ō_ŌTiptonŌ_Ō,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€ņņDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€ņņJamesŠ sĆ ŠŌ_ŌCurwoodŌ_Ō€Ō_ŌWittŌ_Ō,€Jr.,€JJ.óó,€joined.Š \¬ ŠĢKevin€R.€Bryant,€Ō_ŌCrossvilleŌ_Ō,€Tennessee,€for€the€appellant,€David€L.€Robinson.Š .~ ŠĢPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Christine€M.€Ō_ŌLappsŌ_Ō,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Š  P ŠWilliam€Edward€Gibson,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Eric€D.€Christiansen,€Assistant€DistrictŠ é 9  ŠAttorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Š Ņ!"! ŠÓĆÓĢą@@OO&ģąņ ņOPINIONó óŌ#†¼—É»XXĪĒņ#ŌŌ‡XĪĒX»¼—ÉŌŠ ¤#ō# ŠĢņņóóŌ#†¼—É»XXĪĒN #ŌÓ  ÓŌ€XĪĒX»¼—ÉŌą  ąThis€case€relates€to€the€petitionerššs€killing€Gerald€L.€Irwin€€in€1995.€€A€jury€convicted€theŠ w%Ē % Špetitioner,€and€this€court€affirmed€the€conviction.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€v.€David€Lee€Robinsonóó,€No.Š `&°!& Š01C01-9609-CR-00412,€Putnam€County€(Tenn.€Ō_ŌCrimŌ_Ō.€App.€Feb.€10,€1999),€ņņapp.€deniedóó€(Tenn.€JuneŠ I'™"' Š28,€1999).€€On€appeal,€this€court€stated€the€following€facts:€The€petitioner€owed€money€to€the€victim,Š 2(‚#( Ša€drug€dealer,€and€agreed€to€meet€the€victim€in€order€to€repay€the€debt.€€On€the€night€of€January€12,Š )k$) Š1995,€Ō_ŌDeloresŌ_Ō€Kay€Smith€drove€the€petitioner€to€Ō_ŌCookevilleŌ_Ō€to€meet€the€victim.€€When€the€victimŠ *T%* Šarrived,€the€petitioner€entered€the€back€of€the€victimššs€car€while€Ms.€Smith€waited€in€her€car.€€As€theŠ ķ*=&+ Švictim€turned€his€car€around€in€a€parking€lot,€the€petitioner€shot€the€victim€in€the€back€of€the€head.€Š Ö+&', ŠHe€then€drove€the€victimššs€car€past€Ms.€Smithššs€car€and€motioned€for€her€to€follow€him.€€TheŠ æ,(- Špetitioner€drove€the€victimššs€car€to€Tucker€Ridge€Road,€took€the€victimššs€wallet€and€otherŠ Ø-ų(.żś ŠŌ_Ōbelongings,€and€got€into€Ms.€Smithššs€car.€€He€and€Ms.€Smith€then€returned€to€Cookeville.€€TheŠ ° Špetitioner€and€Ms.€Smith€were€tried€jointly,€and€the€jury€convicted€the€petitioner€of€first€degreeŠ ™é Šmurder€and€Ms.€Smith€of€second€degree€murder.€€ņņDavid€Lee€Robinsonóó,€slip€op.€at€2„3.Š ‚Ņ ŠĢą  ąAt€the€evidentiary€hearing,€one€of€the€petitionerššs€trial€attorneyššs€testified€that€he€hadŠ T¤ Špracticed€law€for€almost€thirty„four€years€in€Putnam€County€and€that€he€had€tried€several€criminalŠ =  Šcases.€€He€said€that€he€and€his€co„counsel€noticed€that€no€African„Americans€were€on€the€jury€butŠ & v Šthat€they€did€not€discuss€challenging€the€jury€panel.€€He€said€that€he€thought€the€African„AmericanŠ  _ Špopulation€in€Putnam€County€was€less€than€two€percent,€that€the€jury€had€been€chosen€correctly,€andŠ ų H Šthat€African„Americans€were€not€excluded€from€the€jury€intentionally.€€He€said€that€the€districtŠ į 1  Šattorneyššs€office€had€an€open€file€policy€in€this€case€and€that€a€man€named€James€Rice€gave€aŠ Ź   Šstatement€to€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigation€(TBI)€Agent€Larry€OššRear.€€He€said€that€his€co„Š ³  Šcounsel€got€audiotaped€and€transcribed€copies€of€Mr.€Riceššs€statement€and€that€co„counsel€wantedŠ œģ  Što€interview€Mr.€Rice€but€could€not€find€him.€€He€said€that€the€state€had€issued€a€subpeona€for€Mr.Š …Õ  ŠRice€but€that€the€subpoena€was€returned€because€Mr.€Rice€could€not€be€located.€€He€said€thatŠ n¾  Šalthough€Mr.€Riceššs€taped€statement€seemed€to€end€abruptly,€Agent€OššRear€assured€him€theŠ W§  Šaudiotape€contained€Mr.€Riceššs€entire€statement.€Š @ ŠĢą  ąThe€petitionerššs€trial€attorney€testified€that€he€and€the€petitioner€discussed€severing€theŠ b Špetitionerššs€case€from€Ms.€Smithššs€case.€€He€said€defense€counsel€feared€that€if€the€cases€wereŠ ūK Šsevered,€Ms.€Smithššs€statements€would€be€admissible€evidence€against€the€petitioner€at€trial.€€He€saidŠ ä4 Šthe€petitioner€decided€not€to€file€a€motion€to€sever.€€He€said€that€during€the€trial,€Agent€OššRearŠ Ķ Štestified€for€the€state€and€was€qualified€as€an€expert.€€He€said€that€he€had€objected€to€Agent€OššRearššsŠ ¶ Štestifying€as€an€expert€but€that€the€trial€court€overruled€the€objection.€€He€said€that€Agent€OššRearŠ Ÿļ Štestified€on€direct€that€as€a€result€of€Agent€OššRearššs€investigation,€Agent€OššRear€ruled€out€JamesŠ ˆŲ Šand€Nicole€Rice€as€suspects€and€focused€on€the€petitioner.€€He€said€that€Agent€OššRearššs€directŠ qĮ Štestimony€š šopened€the€dooršš€to€cross„examination€testimony€that€was€helpful€for€the€defense.€€HeŠ ZŖ Šsaid€he€thought€he€had€raised€the€issue€regarding€Agent€OššRearššs€being€improperly€qualified€as€anŠ C“ Šexpert€in€the€petitionerššs€motion€for€new€trial.Š ,| ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€the€petitionerššs€attorney€testified€that€about€a€month€before€trial,€heŠ žN Šand€co„counsel€began€preparing€the€petitionerššs€case,€met€with€the€petitioner€everyday,€and€reviewedŠ ē 7 ŠMr.€Riceššs€statement€and€physical€evidence€with€the€petitioner.€€He€also€acknowledged€reviewingŠ Š!   Šdefense€strategies,€consequences€of€a€conviction,€and€elements€of€the€crime€with€the€petitioner€andŠ ¹" ! Šsaid€that€the€state€made€a€plea€offer€but€that€the€petitioner€wanted€to€go€to€trial.€€He€said€that€inŠ ¢#ņ" Šaddition€to€objecting€to€Agent€OššRearššs€being€qualified€as€an€expert,€he€also€argued€to€the€trial€courtŠ ‹$Ū# Šthat€he€should€be€allowed€to€cross„examine€Agent€OššRear€about€hearsay€statements.€€He€said€thatŠ t%Ä $ Šthere€were€advantages€to€the€petitionerššs€case€not€being€severed€from€Ms.€Smithššs€case€and€that€heŠ ]&­!% Šcould€not€think€of€anything€the€defense€should€have€done€differently.Š F'–"& ŠĢą  ąThe€petitionerššs€co„counsel€testified€that€he€loaned€the€petitioner€clothes€to€wear€at€trial€andŠ )h$( Šthat€in€order€to€prepare€the€petitioner€for€trial,€he€videotaped€the€petitionerššs€proposed€testimony€andŠ *Q%) Šasked€potential€cross„examination€questions.€€He€said€he€did€not€remember€talking€with€co„counselŠ ź*:&* Šabout€the€fact€that€no€African„Americans€were€on€the€jury,€but€he€noted€it€was€not€unusual€for€noŠ Ó+#'+ ŠAfrican„Americans€to€be€on€a€Putnam€County€jury€because€the€percentage€of€African„AmericansŠ ° Šin€the€county€was€very€low.€€He€said€that€the€defense€tried€to€find€James€Rice€before€trial,€that€heŠ ™é Šhad€copies€of€the€statement€Mr.€Rice€gave€to€Agent€OššRear,€and€that€he€talked€to€Nicole€Rice€butŠ ‚Ņ Šshe€would€not€testify.€€He€said€that€Mr.€Rice€had€prior€convictions€for€forgery€and€possession€ofŠ k» Šstolen€property,€that€Mr.€Rice€probably€was€taking€drugs€on€the€night€of€the€victimššs€death,€and€thatŠ T¤ ŠMr.€Rice€would€have€had€to€have€damaging€testimony€for€the€stateššs€case€in€order€for€the€defenseŠ =  Što€call€him€as€a€witness.Š & v ŠĢą  ąCo„counsel€testified€that€he€talked€with€the€petitioner€about€severing€the€petitionerššs€caseŠ ų H Šfrom€Delores€Smithššs€case.€€He€said€that€Ms.€Smith€had€made€statements€that€were€devastating€toŠ į 1  Šthe€petitionerššs€case€and€that€by€trying€the€cases€together,€the€state€could€not€admit€those€statementsŠ Ź   Šinto€evidence.€€He€said€he€thought€the€trial€court€incorrectly€qualified€Agent€OššRear€as€an€expert€andŠ ³  Šimproperly€allowed€Agent€OššRear€to€testify€about€ruling€out€James€and€Nicole€Rice€as€suspects.€Š œģ  ŠHe€said€the€defense€objected€to€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony€but€was€overruled.€€He€said€the€defenseŠ …Õ  Šalso€argued€that€it€should€be€allowed€to€cross„examine€Agent€OššRear€more€extensively€but€again€wasŠ n¾  Šoverruled.€€He€said€that€in€the€petitionerššs€motion€for€new€trial€and€in€the€appeal€of€the€petitionerššsŠ W§  Šconviction,€he€thought€he€properly€raised€the€issue€regarding€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony.€€He€saidŠ @ Šthe€court€of€criminal€appeals€ruled€the€defense€had€waived€the€issue.€€He€said€he€did€not€meet€withŠ )y Šthe€petitioner€before€he€filed€the€petitionerššs€motion€for€new€trial€or€notice€of€appeal.Š b ŠĢą  ąThe€petitioner€testified€that€he€did€not€understand€how€the€jurors€were€selected€or€if€havingŠ ä4 Šan€African„American€juror€on€the€panel€would€have€changed€the€outcome€of€his€case.€€He€said,Š Ķ Šthough,€that€he€felt€the€jury€would€have€understood€him€better€if€at€least€one€African„American€hadŠ ¶ Šbeen€on€the€jury.€€He€said€that€he€knew€before€trial€that€no€African„Americans€were€on€the€jury€butŠ Ÿļ Šthat€he€did€not€discuss€it€with€his€attorneys.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€remember€discussing€theŠ ˆŲ Šseverance€issue€with€his€attorneys€but€that€if€they€did,€they€did€so€briefly.€€He€said€he€neverŠ qĮ Šrequested€a€severance€because€he€did€not€know€anything€about€it.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€knowŠ ZŖ ŠJames€Rice€but€that€Mr.€Rice€contacted€his€father€after€the€trial€and€wanted€to€know€why€no€one€hadŠ C“ Šinterviewed€Mr.€Rice€or€asked€him€to€testify.€€He€said€that€his€father€never€had€trouble€finding€Mr.Š ,| ŠRice€and€that€his€father€had€Mr.€Rice€give€an€affidavit.€€He€said€that€if€Mr.€Rice€had€testified€at€trial,Š e Šthe€outcome€of€his€case€would€have€been€different.€€He€said€that€he€asked€that€the€issues€about€noŠ žN ŠAfrican„Americans€being€on€the€jury€and€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony€be€included€in€his€motion€forŠ ē 7 Šnew€trial€but€that€they€were€not.€€He€said€he€would€have€died€if€he€had€not€killed€the€victim.Š Š!   ŠĢą  ąOn€cross„examination,€the€petitioner€acknowledged€that€few€African„Americans€live€in€theŠ ¢#ņ" Šarea.€€He€also€acknowledged€that€he€was€present€when€the€jury€was€selected€and€that€the€attorneysŠ ‹$Ū# Šquestioned€each€juror€individually.€€He€said€that€he€wanted€a€severance€in€the€case€because€he€wasŠ t%Ä $ Šan€African„American€male,€his€codefendant€was€a€white€female,€and€the€jurors€were€all€white.€€HeŠ ]&­!% Šsaid€his€codefendantššs€testimony€could€not€have€hurt€his€case.€€He€said€that€he€did€not€know€Mr.Š F'–"& ŠRiceššs€name€had€been€on€the€stateššs€witness€list,€that€a€subpoena€had€been€issued€for€Mr.€Rice,€orŠ /(#' Šthat€the€subpoena€had€been€returned€because€Mr.€Rice€could€not€be€found.€€He€acknowledged€thatŠ )h$( Šhis€trial€attorneys€were€thorough,€hardworking,€met€with€him€regularly,€and€reviewed€the€chargesŠ *Q%) Šā āand€possible€defenses€with€him.€€He€said€that€the€state€offered€to€let€him€plead€guilty€in€return€forŠ ź*:&* Ša€sentence€of€life€without€parole€and€that€his€attorneys€did€not€explain€the€consequences€of€a€guiltyŠ ° Šverdict.Š ™é Šā āĢą  ąTBI€Special€Agent€Larry€OššRear€testified€that€he€interviewed€James€Rice€once€and€that€Mr.Š k» ŠRiceššs€entire€statement€was€tape€recorded€and€transcribed.€€On€cross„examination,€he€said€that€heŠ T¤ Šwas€unaware€of€anyone€else€interviewing€Mr.€Rice€and€that€Mr.€Rice€gave€only€one€statement.€Š =  Š€Ģą  ąThe€state€told€the€trial€court€that€James€Rice€was€deceased.€€Although€the€petitioner€hadŠ  _ Šattached€James€Riceššs€affidavit€to€his€petition€for€post„conviction€relief,€the€trial€court€stated€thatŠ ų H Šit€could€not€admit€the€affidavit€into€evidence€because€Mr.€Rice€was€unavailable€for€cross„Š į 1  Šexamination.€€In€Mr.€Riceššs€affidavit,€which€he€gave€after€the€petitionerššs€trial,€Mr.€Rice€claimed€thatŠ Ź   Šhe€made€two€statements€to€Agent€Larry€OššRear.€€In€addition,€he€claimed€that€on€the€night€theŠ ³  Špetitioner€shot€the€victim,€he€heard€the€victim€say€that€the€victim€was€going€to€kill€someone€if€theŠ œģ  Švictim€was€not€repaid€a€debt.€€Š …Õ  ŠĢą  ąIn€denying€the€petitionerššs€petition€for€post„conviction€relief,€the€trial€court€held€that€theŠ W§  Špetitioner€had€presented€no€proof€that€African„Americans€had€been€intentionally€excluded€from€theŠ @ Šjury.€€Regarding€counselššs€failure€to€interview€James€Rice,€the€trial€court€stated€that€counsel€triedŠ )y Što€find€Mr.€Rice,€that€a€subpoena€had€been€issued€for€him,€that€Mr.€Rice€could€not€be€located,€andŠ b Šthat€it€believed€counselššs€testimony€over€that€of€the€petitioner.€€In€addition,€the€trial€court€stated€thatŠ ūK Ševen€if€it€could€consider€Mr.€Riceššs€affidavit€as€evidence,€the€affidavit€would€not€warrant€post„Š ä4 Šconviction€relief€because€the€trial€court€believed€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony€over€the€informationŠ Ķ Šcontained€in€the€affidavit.€€As€to€the€severance€issue,€the€trial€court€held€that€counsel€strategicallyŠ ¶ Šdecided€not€to€seek€a€severance€in€this€case€and€that€it€would€not€second€guess€that€decision.€Š Ÿļ ŠFinally,€regarding€trial€counselššs€failure€to€raise€properly€on€appeal€the€issue€about€Agent€OššRearššsŠ ˆŲ Štrial€testimony,€the€trial€court€held€that€counselššs€objection€to€OššRearššs€testimony€at€trial€had€beenŠ qĮ Šš šmuch€ado€about€nothingšš€and€that€it€could€not€say€OššRearššs€testimony€had€any€impact€on€theŠ ZŖ Šoutcome€of€the€trial.€€The€trial€court€denied€the€petitionerššs€petition€for€post„conviction€relief.€Š C“ ŠĢą  ąUnder€the€Sixth€Amendment,€when€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€is€made,€theŠ e Šburden€is€on€the€petitioner€to€show€(1)€that€counselššs€performance€was€deficient€and€(2)€that€theŠ žN Šdeficiency€was€prejudicial€in€terms€of€rendering€a€reasonable€probability€that€the€result€of€the€trialŠ ē 7 Šwas€unreliable€or€the€proceedings€fundamentally€unfair.€€ņņStrickland€v.€Washingtonóó,€466€U.S.€668,Š Š!   Š687,€104€S.€Ct.€2052,€2064€(1984);€ņņseeóó€ņņLockhart€v.€Fretwellóó,€506€U.S.€364,€368-72,€113€S.€Ct.€838,Š ¹" ! Š842-44€(1993).€€The€ņņStricklandóó€standard€has€been€applied€to€the€right€to€counsel€under€article€I,Š ¢#ņ" Šsection€9€of€the€Tennessee€Constitution.€€ņņState€v.€Melsonóó,€772€S.W.2d€417,€419€n.2€(Tenn.€1989).Š ‹$Ū# ŠĢą  ąIn€ņņBaxter€v.€Roseóó,€523€S.W.2d€930,€936€(Tenn.€1975),€our€supreme€court€decided€thatŠ ]&­!% Šattorneys€should€be€held€to€the€general€standard€of€whether€the€services€rendered€were€within€theŠ F'–"& Šrange€of€competence€demanded€of€attorneys€in€criminal€cases.€€Further,€the€court€stated€that€theŠ /(#' Šrange€of€competence€was€to€be€measured€by€the€duties€and€criteria€set€forth€in€ņņBeasley€v.€UnitedŠ )h$( ŠStatesóó,€491€F.2d€687,€696€(6th€Cir.€1974),€and€ņņUnited€States€v.€DeCosteróó,€487€F.2d€1197,€1202-04Š *Q%) Š(D.C.€Cir.€1973).€€Also,€in€reviewing€counselššs€conduct,€a€š šfair€assessment€of€attorney€performanceŠ ź*:&* Šrequires€that€every€effort€be€made€to€eliminate€the€distorting€effects€of€hindsight,€to€reconstruct€theŠ Ó+#'+ Šcircumstances€of€counselššs€challenged€conduct,€and€to€evaluate€the€conduct€from€counselššsŠ ° Šperspective€at€the€time.šš€€ņņStricklandóó,€466€U.S.€at€689,€104€S.€Ct.€at€2065;€ņņseeóó€ņņHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629Š ™é ŠS.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).€€Thus,€the€fact€that€a€particular€strategy€or€tactic€failed€or€even€hurt€theŠ ‚Ņ Šdefense€does€not,€alone,€support€a€claim€of€ineffective€assistance.€€Deference€is€made€to€trial€strategyŠ k» Šor€tactical€choices€if€they€are€informed€ones€based€upon€adequate€preparation.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņHellardóó,€629Š T¤ ŠS.W.2d€at€9;€ņņDeCosteróó,€487€F.2d€at€1201.Š =  ŠĢą  ąIn€a€post-conviction€case,€the€burden€is€on€the€petitioner€to€prove€by€clear€and€convincingŠ  _ Ševidence€his€grounds€for€relief.€€T.C.A.€šš€40-30-210(f).€€On€appeal,€we€are€bound€by€the€trial€courtššsŠ ų H Šfindings€of€fact€unless€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€in€the€record€preponderates€against€thoseŠ į 1  Šfindings.€€ņņFields€v.€Stateóó,€40€S.W.3d€450,€456€(Tenn.€2001).€€Because€they€relate€to€mixed€questionsŠ Ź   Šof€law€and€fact,€we€review€the€trial€courtššs€conclusions€as€to€whether€counselššs€performance€wasŠ ³  Šdeficient€and€whether€that€deficiency€was€prejudicial€under€a€ņņdeóó€ņņnovoóó€standard€with€no€presumptionŠ œģ  Šof€correctness.€€ņņId.óó€at€457.Š …Õ  ŠĢÓ  Óą @ ąņ ņI.€€NO€AFRICAN„AMERICANS€ON€JURYó óŠ W§  ŠÓ)OÓĢą  ąThe€petitioner€claims€that€he€received€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€because€his€trialŠ *z Šattorneys€failed€to€investigate€why€no€African„Americans€were€on€the€jury.€€The€state€claims€thatŠ c Šthe€petitioner€has€failed€to€š špresent€any€evidence€suggesting€that€his€counsel€could€have€raised€evenŠ üL Ša€colorable€claim€to€the€jury€selection€processšš€and,€therefore,€that€he€has€failed€to€show€that€heŠ å5 Šreceived€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€We€conclude€that€the€petitioner€is€not€entitled€toŠ Ī Šrelief.Š · ŠĢą  ąThe€petitionerššs€entire€argument€regarding€this€issue€consists€of€the€following:Š ‰Ł ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąAt€trial€the€jury€panel€contained€no€African„American€citizens.€€Trial€Š [« Š[Counsel]€testified€at€the€post„conviction€hearing€that€this€matter€wasŠ D” Šnot€discussed€with€the€petitioner€.€.€.€.€€By€failing€to€investigate€and/orŠ -} Što€determine€the€methodology€of€selected€.€.€.€panel,€trial€counsel€wasŠ f Šineffective.Š’O` x` x ŠĢThe€petitioner€offers€no€argument€to€support€his€contention,€cites€to€nothing€in€the€record€to€supportŠ Ń!!  Šhis€claim,€and€cites€to€no€authority€as€required€by€Rule€27(a)(7),€T.R.A.P.€€The€issue€is€waived.Š ŗ" ! ŠĢÓ  Óņ ņII.€€FAILURE€TO€RAISE€ISSUE€PROPERLY€ON€APPEALŠ Œ$Ü# ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąó óThe€petitioner€claims€that€his€attorneys€rendered€deficient€performance€by€failing€to€raiseŠ `&°!% Šproperly€in€the€appeal€of€his€conviction€an€issue€regarding€Agent€Larry€OššRearššs€testimony.€Š I'™"& ŠMoreover,€he€claims€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€the€deficiency€because€this€court€determined€in€itsŠ 2(‚#' Šopinion€that€the€issue€had€been€waived.ņ ņ€€ó óThe€state€claims€that€counselššs€failure€to€argue€every€issueŠ )k$( Šon€appeal€does€not€ņņperóó€ņņseóó€constitute€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€We€conclude€that€theŠ *W%) Špetitioner€is€not€entitled€to€relief.Š š*@&* ŠŠ Ł+)'+ Šą  ąWe€observe€that€the€petitioner€has€not€made€the€trial€transcript€containing€the€partiesššŠ ° Šarguments€regarding€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony€part€of€the€post-conviction€record.€€However,€weŠ ™é Šmay€take€judicial€notice€of€the€record€in€the€appeal€of€the€petitionerššs€conviction.€€ņņSeeóó€ņņState€ex€rel.óóŠ ‚Ņ ŠņņWilkerson€v.€Bomaróó,€213€Tenn.€499,€505,€376€S.W.2d€451,€453€(1964).€€The€trial€transcript€revealsŠ k» Šthat€during€Agent€OššRearššs€direct€testimony€at€trial,€the€state€asked€Agent€OššRear€if€he€hadŠ T¤ Šquestioned€James€and€Nicole€Rice€during€his€investigation€of€the€victimššs€death.€€He€said€yes,€andŠ =  Šthe€following€exchange€took€place:Š & v ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[State]:ą0` x` xąDid€you€form€an€opinion€at€the€conclusion€of€yourŠ ų H Šinvestigation€of€them?Šį 1 xx ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[Defense]:ą0` x` xąObjection,€Your€Honor.€€This€is€hearsay€by€inferenceŠ ³  Šand€[innuendo].Šœģ xx ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[State]:ą  ąI€respectfully€submit,€Your€Honor,€that€this€is€anŠ n¾  Šexpert€opinion€predicated€upon€the€officerššs€qualifications€that€wereŠ W§  Šnot€challenged€on€voir€dire€by€the€defendants.Š@` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąTHE€COURT:€Youššre€asking€him€for€an€opinion€as€to€.€.€.€.Šb` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[State]:ą  ąTheir€culpability€as€a€result€of€the€investigation.Šä4` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[Defense]:ą  ąThis€is€based€on€[innuendo]„„„„this€is€based€on€theirŠ ¶ Šresponses€to€his€questions€and€I€was€provided€by€them.€€This€isŠ Ÿļ Šhearsay,€Your€Honor;€Iššd€object.ŠˆŲ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ąTHE€COURT:€Overruled.€€You€may€proceed.ŠZŖ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą.€.€.€.Š,|` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[State]:ą  ąAt€the€conclusion€of€your€investigation€of€James€NealŠ žN ŠRice,€did€you€form€an€opinion€as€to€their€culpability€in€the€death€ofŠ ē 7 ŠGerald€Irwin?ŠŠ!  ` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[OššRear]:ą  ąYes,€I€did.Š¢#ņ"` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[State]:ą  ąAnd€what€was€that€opinion,€sir?Št%Ä $` x` x ŠĢą8  ąą8` Š Š ą[OššRear]:ą  ąThat€they€had€nothing€to€do€with€the€death€of€GeraldŠ F'–"& ŠIrwin.Š/(#'` x` x ŠĢThe€petitionerššs€trial€attorneys€also€represented€him€in€the€appeal€of€his€conviction.€€In€theŠ *Q%) Špetitionerššs€amended€motion€for€new€trial,€counsel€claimed€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowingŠ ź*:&* ŠAgent€OššRear€to€testify€that€James€and€Nicole€Rice€were€not€involved€in€the€victimššs€death€and€thatŠ Ó+#'+ Ša€later€ruling€allowing€the€defense€to€cross„examine€Agent€OššRear€did€not€make€the€error€harmless.€Š ° ŠIn€the€appellate€brief,€counsel€argued€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€allowing€Agent€OššRear€to€testifyŠ ™é Šabout€ruling€out€James€and€Nicole€Rice€as€suspects€because,€although€the€Rices€did€not€testify€atŠ ‚Ņ Štrial,€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony€invaded€š šthe€duty€of€the€jury€to€judge€the€credibility€of€theŠ k» Šwitnesses.šš€€This€court€held€that€the€petitioner€had€waived€the€issue€because€he€did€not€make€theŠ T¤ Šsame€argument€at€trial.€€ņņSeeóó€€ņņDavid€Lee€Robinsonóó,€slip€op.€at€5;€ņņsee€alsoóó€ņņState€v.€Dooleyóó,€29€S.W.3dŠ =  Š542,€549€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000)€(providing€that€a€defendant€š šcannot€change€grounds€forŠ & v Šobjections€from€the€trial€court€to€the€appellate€courtšš).€Š  _ ŠĢą  ąEven€if€defense€counsel€failed€to€raise€the€issue€on€appeal€properly,€we€conclude€that€anyŠ į 1  Šerror€committed€by€the€trial€court€in€allowing€Agent€OššRear€to€testify€was€harmless.€€Agent€OššRearŠ Ź   Štestified€that€he€questioned€James€and€Nicole€Rice,€that€he€ruled€them€out€as€suspects,€and€that€hisŠ ³  Šinvestigation€focused€on€the€petitioner.€€Even€if€this€testimony€was€improper,€given€the€otherŠ œģ  Ševidence€presented€at€trial,€we€believe€the€juryššs€hearing€it€did€not€affect€the€juryššs€verdict.€€Thus,Š …Õ  Šthe€petitioner€cannot€demonstrate€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€trial€counselššs€failure€to€raise€the€issueŠ n¾  Šproperly€on€appeal.€€Š W§  ŠĢÓ  Óņ ņIII.€€FAILURE€TO€REQUEST€SEVERANCEŠ )y ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąó óThe€petitioner€claims€that€he€received€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel€because€his€trialŠ żM Šattorneys€failed€to€sever€his€case€from€his€codefendantššs€case.€€The€state€argues€that€the€petitionerššsŠ ę6 Šattorneys€made€a€strategic€decision€not€to€file€a€motion€to€sever,€which€cannot€be€second„guessedŠ Ļ Šby€this€court.€€We€conclude€that€the€petitioner€did€not€receive€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.Š ø ŠĢą  ąThe€petitionerššs€attorneys€testified€that€they€believed€a€severance€would€have€hurt€theŠ ŠŚ Špetitionerššs€case,€that€they€discussed€it€with€the€petitioner,€and€that€the€petitioner€decided€not€toŠ sĆ Šrequest€a€severance.€€ņņóóAs€noted€by€the€trial€court,€this€issue€goes€to€the€defenseššs€trial€strategy,€andŠ \¬ Šwe€do€not€use€the€benefit€of€hindsight€to€second-guess€trial€strategy€by€counsel€and€criticize€trialŠ E• Šcounselššs€tactical€decisions.€€ņņHellard€v.€Stateóó,€629€S.W.2d€4,€9€(Tenn.€1982).€€We€conclude€that€theŠ .~ Štrial€court€did€not€err€in€determining€that€the€petitioner€received€the€effective€assistance€of€counsel.Š g ŠĢÓ  Óņ ņIV.€€FAILURE€TO€INTERVIEW€JAMES€RICEó óŠ é 9 ŠĢÓ  Óą  ąFinally,€the€petitioner€claims€that€his€attorneys€rendered€deficient€performance€because€theyŠ ¼" ! Šfailed€to€interview€James€Rice€before€trial.€€In€addition,€he€argues€that€he€was€prejudiced€by€theŠ „#õ" Šdeficiency€because€Mr.€Riceššs€testimony€š šwould€undoubtedly€have€bolstered€the€Petitionerššs€self„Š Ž$Ž# Šdefense€claim.šš€€The€state€claims€that€the€petitioner€has€failed€to€show€that€he€received€theŠ w%Ē $ Šineffective€assistance€of€counsel.€€We€agree€with€the€state.Š `&°!% ŠĢą  ąAt€the€post„conviction€hearing,€the€petitioner€tried€to€introduce€into€evidence€James€RiceššsŠ 2(‚#' Šaffidavit,€which€had€been€prepared€after€the€petitionerššs€trial€and€attached€to€his€post„convictionŠ )k$( Špetition.€€In€the€affidavit,€James€Rice€claimed€that€he€gave€two€statements€to€Agent€OššRear€and€thatŠ *T%) Šhe€told€Agent€OššRear€he€heard€the€victim€threaten€to€kill€someone€if€the€victim€was€not€repaid€theŠ ķ*=&* Šdebt€owed€by€the€petitioner.€€The€state€informed€the€trial€court€that€James€Rice€was€deceased€andŠ Ö+&'+ Šobjected€to€the€affidavit€on€the€grounds€that€it€was€hearsay.€€The€trial€court€determined€that€theŠ ° Šaffidavit€was€inadmissible€because€Mr.€Rice€was€unavailable€for€cross„examination.€€Š ™é ŠĢą  ąThe€petitionerššs€attorneys€testified€that€the€state€had€issued€a€subpoena€for€Mr.€Rice,€that€Mr.Š k» ŠRice€could€not€be€located,€that€they€listened€to€Mr.€Riceššs€audiotaped€statement,€and€that€Mr.€RiceššsŠ T¤ Štestimony€would€have€had€to€have€been€damaging€to€the€stateššs€case€in€order€for€the€defense€to€haveŠ =  Šcalled€him€as€a€witness.€€In€denying€post„conviction€relief,€the€trial€court€held€that€counsel€did€notŠ & v Šrender€deficient€performance€because€they€tried€to€find€Mr.€Rice€and€Mr.€Rice€could€not€be€located.€Š  _ ŠIt€also€noted€that€even€if€Mr.€Riceššs€affidavit€had€been€admissible,€it€would€not€warrant€post„Š ų H Šconviction€relief€because€the€trial€court€believed€Agent€OššRearššs€testimony€that€Mr.€Rice€gave€onlyŠ į 1  Šone€statement€to€the€police.€€We€agree€with€the€trial€court€that€the€petitioner€has€not€demonstratedŠ Ź   Šthat€his€attorneys€rendered€deficient€performance€in€this€case.€€Neither€the€state€nor€the€defenseŠ ³  Šcould€locate€Mr.€Rice.€€Moreover,€even€if€the€petitionerššs€attorneys€had€interviewed€him,€Mr.€RiceŠ œģ  Šmay€not€have€been€called€to€testify€for€the€defense€at€trial.€€Finally,€the€trial€court€accredited€AgentŠ …Õ  ŠOššRearššs€testimony€over€the€information€contained€in€the€affidavit.€€The€defendant€has€failed€toŠ n¾  Šshow€that€he€received€the€ineffective€assistance€of€counsel.Š W§  ŠĢą  ąBased€upon€the€foregoing€and€the€record€as€a€whole,€we€affirm€the€trial€courtššs€denial€of€theŠ )y Špetition€for€post„conviction€relief.Š b ŠĢĢą  ą€ą ` ąą ø ą€Š Ķ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ą___________________________________€Š ¶ Šą  ąą ` ąą ø ąą  ąą h ąą Ą ąą  ąJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGE