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ÿÿ35;AGMSY_11.1.1.1.1.1.1.1. 3#37=CIQYag­­1.a.i.(1)(a)(i)1)a)di)-kû¤AZHelvetica Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€IÍ»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼IÍ»»»ÔÑ8€AXXdì»»d8ÑÔ€¼IÍ»»¼IÍÔà@ttìàÔ‡îV#IÍÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@WW$ìàAT€KNOXVILLEÔ#†¼IÍ»îîV#+#ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€August€20,€2002Ð üL ÐÔ‡XAX»¼IÍÔÌò òÔ#†¼IÍ»XXA?#ÔòòSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEóó€v.€òòóóJONATHAN€D.€Ô_ÔROSENBALMÔ_ÔÔ‡XAX»¼IÍÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òAppeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Sullivan€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€S42,697à0 @ à€€€€€€Phyllis€H.€Miller,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€E2002„00324„CCA„R3„CDÐ ¥õ  ÐDecember€9,€Ô_Ô2002Ô_ÔÐ ‘á  ÐßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Jonathan€D.€Ô_ÔRosenbalmÔ_Ô,€was€convicted€of€one€count€of€rape€and€one€count€of€incest.€Ð xÈ  ÐòòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„503,€39„15„302.€€The€trial€court€imposed€concurrent€sentences€ofÐ d´ Ðtwelve€years€and€six€years,€respectively.€€In€this€appeal€of€right,€the€defendant€claims€that€theÐ P  Ðevidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€rape€conviction€and€that€the€state€impermissibly€askedÐ <Œ Ðquestions€about€his€failure€to€make€a€statement€to€police.€€He€also€argues€that€the€twelve„yearÐ (x Ðsentence€for€rape€was€excessive€and€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€alternative€sentencing.€€TheÐ d Ðjudgments€of€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.Ð P ÐÓÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3;€Judgments€of€the€Trial€Court€Affirmedó óÐ Ø( ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼IÍ»àXAÜ#ÔÔ‡XAX.¼IÍÔGary€R.€Wade,€Ô_ÔP.J.Ô_Ôóó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJames€Ô_ÔCurwoodÔ_Ô€Ô_ÔWittÔ_Ô,€Jr.,€óóandÐ ° ÐòòRobert€W.€Ô_ÔWedemeyerÔ_Ô,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð œì ÐÌSteve€Ô_ÔMcEwenÔ_Ô,€Mountain€City,€Tennessee€(on€appeal),€and€Leslie€Hale,€Assistant€Public€DefenderÐ tÄ Ð(on€appeal€and€at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Jonathan€D.€Ô_ÔRosenbalmÔ_Ô.Ð `° ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€&€Reporter;€Peter€M.€Ô_ÔCoughlanÔ_Ô,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð 8!ˆ  Ðand€Barry€Ô_ÔStaubusÔ_Ô,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð $"t! ÐÓ¶ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼IÍ»XXAå#ÔÔ‡XAX»¼IÍÔÐ ü#L# ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼IÍ»XXA¾ #ÔÔ‡XAX»¼IÍÔÓ  Óà  àIn€February€of€1999,€the€victim,€Ô_ÔS.R.Ô_Ô,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×Ô#†¼IÍ»XXA #ÔÔ€XAX»¼IÍÔ€age€sixteen,€lived€with€her€mother,€Gloria€Miller,€inÐ Ô%$!% ÐBristol.€€On€the€sixth€of€that€month,€the€defendant,€who€was€the€biological€father€of€the€victim,€droveÐ À&"& Ðto€Bristol€for€a€visit.€€He€had€not€seen€her€in€over€a€year.€€At€approximately€10:00€p.m.,€the€defendantÐ ¬'ü"' Ðarrived€at€the€residence€of€the€victim€and€drove€her€to€a€Scottish€Inns€motel,€where€he€rented€a€room.€Ð ˜(è#( ÐThe€two€had€dinner€at€a€nearby€Burger€€King€and€returned€to€the€motel€where€they€began€to€drinkÐ „)Ô$) Ðbeer€which€had€been€in€the€bed€of€the€defendant's€truck.€€The€victim€estimated€that€she€drank€threeÐ p*À%* Ðor€four€beers.€€She€did€not€know€how€many€the€defendant€had€consumed.€€Ð \+¬&+ýà ÐÔ_Ô‡à  àAt€trial,€the€victim€recalled€that€she€and€the€defendant€were€discussing€school€and€family€lifeÐ ° Ðwhen€the€defendant€remarked€that€she€could€be€a€stripper.€€She€testified€that€the€defendant€thenÐ œì Ðdirected€her€to€ð ðshow€him€[her]€lungs,ðð€which€she€interpreted€as€a€reference€to€her€breasts.€€WhenÐ ˆØ Ðshe€refused,€the€defendant€€raised€her€shirt€and€bra€and€informed€her€that€he€and€another€man€hadÐ tÄ Ðonce€compared€penises€to€see€who€had€the€ð ðbiggest.ðð€€The€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€thenÐ `° Ðremoved€his€penis€from€his€pants€and€placed€her€hand€on€it.€€When€the€victim€asked€to€go€home,€theÐ L œ Ðdefendant€refused,€explaining€that€he€was€expecting€a€telephone€call.€€The€victim€then€lay€on€one€ofÐ 8 ˆ Ðthe€beds€and€asked€the€defendant€to€wake€her€and€drive€her€home€after€his€telephone€call.€€The€victimÐ $ t Ðtestified€that€she€went€to€sleep€while€fully€clothed€and€lying€on€her€stomach.€€She€recalled€that€whenÐ  ` Ðshe€awoke,€the€defendant€was€penetrating€her€vagina€with€his€penis.€€She€testified€that€sheÐ ü L  Ðimmediately€tried€to€push€the€defendant€away€and€that€he€instructed€her€to€be€quiet.€€Afterward,€atÐ è 8  Ðapproximately€4:00€a.m.,€the€victim€dressed€and€the€defendant€drove€her€back€to€her€motherððsÐ Ô$  Ðresidence.Ð À  ÐÌà  àThe€victim€did€not€report€the€incident€to€her€mother€until€a€month€or€two€later.€€At€that€point,Ð ˜è  Ðshe€spoke€with€Detective€Matt€Austin€of€the€Bristol€Police€Department,€who€asked€that€she€place€aÐ „Ô  Ðrecorded€telephone€call€to€the€defendant.€€The€tape€was€played€for€the€jury.€€During€the€conversation,Ð pÀ Ðthe€following€exchange€took€place:Ð \¬ ÐÌà8  à[VICTIM]:à0¸ Ð Ð àà0¸ Ð ¸ Ð àà0hÐ Ð àHad€you€just€been€drinking€too€much€or€ð"ðÐ4„hÐ hÐ  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àYeah,€Yeah.€€And€I€donððt,€well,€I€donððt€know,€.€.€.€itððsÐ  p Ðhazy,€you€know.Ð \Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àHuh?ÐøHÐ Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àI€donððt€remember€a€lot€of€it.Ðä4Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àWell,€what€if€Iððm€pregnant.ÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àThere€ainððt€no€way.м Ð Ð  Ðà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ ¨ø Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àAnd€no,€Iððm€not€trying€to€say€nothing€happened.€€I€hadÐ ”ä Ðon€protection.ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àWell,€how€could€you€do€something€like€that€to€me,Ð l¼ ÐDaddy?ÐX ¨Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àI€didnððt€plan€it€honey,€I€donððt€know,€I€donððt€know€howÐ D!” Ðit€happened.€€I€mean€I€didnððt€plan€for€it€to€happen€or€nothing€else,€I€mean,€you€havenððtÐ 0"€  Ðsaid€nothing€to€your€Momma€about€it,€have€you?Ð#l!Ð Ð  Ðà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ $X" Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àI€didnððt€[m]ean€for€it€to€happen,€like€I€said,€.€.€.€IððmÐ ô$D # Ðsorry.€€You€know€what€Iððm€saying.€€Iððm€totally€sorry.€€But€you€know€whatððs€going€toÐ à%0!$ Ðhappen€if€you€tell€anybody,€donððt€you?ÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àWhat?и'#&Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àTheyððre€going€to€put€me€in€jail.€€Forever.Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  Ðà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ )à$( Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àI€mean,€Iððm€sorry€that€it€happened€.€.€.€the€next€day,€IÐ |*Ì%) Ðcouldnððt€even€remember€what€I€had€done€or€nothing.€€I€didnððt€even€hardly€rememberÐ h+¸&* Ðnone€of€it,€I€was€so€drunk.€€I€shouldnððt€have€been€out€nowheres,€driving€or€anythingÐ ° Ðelse.МìÐ Ð  Ðà@bbìà*€€€€€€€€€€*€€€€€€€€€€*ˆÐ ˆØ Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àWell,€see,€Iððm€scared€that€I€might€be€pregnant,€how€canÐ tÄ Ðyou€be€sure€that€Iððm€not.Ð`°Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h à[S.R.],€I€didnððt€do€that,€I€didnððt€go€that€far,€or€nothingÐ L œ Ðelse.€€Plus€I€had€a€condom€on.Ð8 ˆÐ Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àOkay,€you€didnððt€go€that€far,€but€you€had€a€condom€on?Ð$ tÐ Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àNo,€I€said,€I€didnððt,€you€know,€youngun,€you€canððt€getÐ  ` Ðpregnant€unless€somebody€gets€off,€you€know€what€Iððm€saying.Ðü L Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àYeah.Ðè 8 Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àI€didnððt€ejaculateÐÔ$ Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àYou€hurt€me.€€I€mean€I€woke€up,€and€then€you€were€onÐ À  Ðtop€of€me.Ьü Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àYou€donððt€remember€what€happened?Иè Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àNo.€€No,€I€donððt.€€I€remember€I€went€to€sleep,€and€youÐ „Ô  Ðtold€me€that€you€were€expecting€a€phone€call,€and€then,€I€woke€up€with€you€on€topÐ pÀ Ðof€me.Ð\¬Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àYou€took€your€pants€off?ÐH˜Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[VICTIM]:à ¸ àà  àà h àNo,€I€did€not.Ð4„Ð Ð  Ðà8  à[DEFENDANT]:à  àà h àOkay.€€Honey,€I€donððt€want€to€argue€about€it.€.€.€.Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌAt€trial,€the€victim€denied€that€she€had€behaved€in€a€sexually€provocative€manner€and€insisted€thatÐ øH Ðshe€had€not€removed€any€of€her€clothing€and€had€not€consented€to€intercourse.€€While€the€victimÐ ä4 Ðacknowledged€that€she€had€consumed€alcoholic€beverages€on€prior€occasions,€she€denied€beingÐ Ð  Ðintoxicated€at€the€time€of€the€incident.€Ð ¼  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant,€who€was€divorced€from€the€victimððs€mother€in€1993,€had€moved€to€Charlotte,Ð ”ä ÐNorth€Carolina.€€He€testified€that€on€the€date€of€the€incident,€he€had€arrived€in€Bristol€atÐ €Ð Ðapproximately€6:00€in€the€evening,€had€eaten€at€a€Wendyððs€restaurant,€and€had€drunk€beer€at€the€ElÐ l¼ ÐRancho€Bar€until€it€was€time€for€his€visitation€with€the€victim.€€€The€defendant€estimated€that€heÐ X ¨ Ðdrank€approximately€10€beers€and€was€ð ðdrunkðð€by€the€time€of€his€arrival.€€The€defendant€stated€thatÐ D!” Ðafter€he€checked€into€a€motel,€he€unloaded€his€things€and€talked€with€the€victim€until€she€asked€himÐ 0"€  Ðto€drive€to€a€trailer€park€so€that€she€could€purchase€marijuana.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€he€gaveÐ #l! Ðthe€victim€$20€to€purchase€the€drug€but€that€she€was€unsuccessful€in€finding€a€supplier.€€TheÐ $X" Ðdefendant€contended€that€they€returned€to€the€motel€room€and€drank€beer€while€he€made€severalÐ ô$D # Ðtelephone€calls€searching€for€marijuana.€€He€testified€that€the€victim€claimed€that€she€had€beenÐ à%0!$ Ðcaught€topless€in€a€school€locker€room€by€some€boys€and€that€he€responded€by€asking€to€see€herÐ Ì&"% Ðbreasts.€€The€defendant€insisted€that€the€victim€voluntarily€raised€her€shirt€and€bra.€€He€admittedÐ ¸'#& Ðtouching€her€breast€for€ð ða€secondðð€when€she€did€so.€€He€stated€that€when€the€victim€indicated€thatÐ ¤(ô#' Ðshe€intended€to€lie€down,€he€replied€that€he€was€waiting€on€a€return€phone€call.€€The€defendantÐ )à$( Ðtestified€that€about€five€minutes€later,€when€he€nudged€the€victim€and€told€her€that€it€was€time€toÐ |*Ì%) Ðleave,€the€victim€ð ðrolled€over,ðð€removed€her€clothing,€and€ð ðspread€her€legs.ðð€€The€defendantÐ h+¸&* Ðacknowledged€that€he€sexually€penetrated€the€victim€and€claimed€that€she€said€nothing€until€after€herÐ ° Ðclimax,€at€which€point€she€said,€ð ðOkay,€thatððs€enough.ðð€€The€defendant€maintained€that€the€victimÐ œì Ðoffered€no€resistance.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà@ÍÍ*ìàIˆÐ `° Ðà  àInitially,€the€defendant€argues€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€his€conviction€forÐ L œ Ðrape.€€On€appeal,€of€course,€the€state€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€andÐ 8 ˆ Ðall€reasonable€inferences€which€might€be€drawn€therefrom.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð $ t Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€The€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€to€be€given€their€testimony,€and€theÐ  ` Ðreconciliation€of€conflicts€in€the€proof€are€matters€entrusted€to€the€jury€as€the€trier€of€fact.€€€òòByrge€v.Ð ü L  ÐStateóó,€575€S.W.2d€292,€295€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€isÐ è 8  Ðchallenged,€the€relevant€question€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorableÐ Ô$  Ðto€the€state,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€aÐ À  Ðreasonable€doubt.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e);€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€657€S.W.2d€405,€410€(Tenn.€1983).€Ð ¬ü  ÐQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€wellÐ ˜è  Ðas€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.Ð „Ô  Ð298,€286€S.W.2d€856,€859€(1956).€€Because€a€verdict€of€guilt€against€a€defendant€removes€theÐ pÀ Ðpresumption€of€innocence€and€raises€a€presumption€of€guilt,€the€convicted€criminal€defendant€bearsÐ \¬ Ðthe€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidence€was€legally€insufficient€to€sustain€a€guilty€verdict.€€òòState€v.Ð H˜ ÐEvansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992).Ð 4„ ÐÌà  àThe€applicable€statute€provides,€in€pertinent€part,€as€follows:Ð  \ ÐÌà8  àà ` à(a)€Rape€is€unlawful€sexual€penetration€of€a€victim€by€the€defendant€or€of€theÐ ä4 Ðdefendant€by€a€victim€accompanied€by€any€of€the€following€circumstances:ÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(1)€Force€or€coercion€is€used€to€accomplish€the€act;м Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(2)€The€sexual€penetration€is€accomplished€without€the€consent€of€the€victimÐ ¨ø Ðand€the€defendant€knows€or€has€reason€to€know€at€the€time€of€the€penetration€that€theÐ ”ä Ðvictim€did€not€consent;ЀÐÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(3)€The€defendant€knows€or€has€reason€to€know€that€the€victim€is€mentallyÐ l¼ Ðdefective,€mentally€incapacitated€or€physically€helpless;€€orÐX ¨Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à(4)€The€sexual€penetration€is€accomplished€by€fraud.ÐD!”Ð Ð  ÐÌTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„503(a).€€ð ðSexual€penetrationðð€is€defined€as€ð ðsexual€intercourse,€.€.€.€or€anyÐ #l! Ðother€intrusion,€however€slight,€of€any€part€of€a€personððs€body€or€of€any€object€into€the€genital€or€analÐ $X" Ðopenings€of€the€victimððs,€the€defendantððs,€or€any€other€personððs€body,€but€emission€of€semen€is€notÐ ô$D # Ðrequired.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„501(7).Ð à%0!$ ÐÌà  àHere,€the€indictment€charged€the€defendant€with€rape€under€subpart€(a)(2):Ð ¸'#& ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€Grand€Jurors€for€Sullivan€County,€Tennessee,€duly€empaneled€and€sworn,€Ð )à$( Ðupon€their€oath,€present€and€say€that€òòJONATHAN€D.€ROSENBALMóó€on€or€aboutÐ |*Ì%) ÐFebruary€6,€1999€.€.€.€did€unlawfully,€feloniously,€knowingly€and€intentionallyÐ h+¸&* Ðsexually€penetrate€[S.R.]€without€her€consent,€and€the€said€JONATHAN€D.Ð ° ÐROSENBALM,€knowing€or€having€reason€to€know€at€the€time€of€the€penetration€thatÐ œì Ðthe€victim€did€not€consent€.€.€.€.ЈØÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€victim€testified€that€the€defendant€sought€permission€to€see€her€breasts€and€that€when€sheÐ `° Ðrefused,€he€lifted€her€blouse€and€bra.€€She€stated€that€he€exposed€his€penis€and€that€later,€after€fallingÐ L œ Ðasleep,€she€awoke€to€find€him€engaging€in€sexual€intercourse.€€She€testified€that€she€immediatelyÐ 8 ˆ Ðpushed€the€defendant€away€and€that€he€warned€her€to€be€quiet.€€While€the€defendant€admitted€toÐ $ t Ðhaving€had€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victim,€he€contended€that€it€was€consensual€and€that€he€wasÐ  ` Ðguilty€only€of€incest.€€The€issue€of€consent€presented€a€classic€jury€question.€€òòHaynes€v.€Stateóó,€540Ð ü L  ÐS.W.2d€277,€278€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).€€It€was€the€prerogative€of€the€jury€to€accredit€the€victim'sÐ è 8  Ðtestimony.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Summerallóó,€926€S.W.2d€272,€275€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Consequently,Ð Ô$  Ðthere€is€sufficient€evidence€to€establish€that€the€defendant€knew€or€should€have€known€that€his€sexualÐ À  Ðadvances€upon€the€victim€were€not€welcome.€€In€our€view,€a€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€foundÐ ¬ü  Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€the€defendant€was€guilty€of€rape.Ð ˜è  ÐÌà@®®)ìàIIˆÐ pÀ Ðà  àNext,€the€defendant€contends€that€his€due€process€rights€were€violated€when€the€assistantÐ \¬ Ðdistrict€attorney€general€questioned€him€about€his€post„arrest€silence.€€In€particular,€the€defendantÐ H˜ Ðcomplains€about€the€following€exchange€during€his€cross„examination:Ð 4„ ÐÌà8  àQà ` àNow,€you€talked€to€Matt€Austin,€didnððt€you?€€You€refused€to€give€him€aÐ  \ Ðstatement€when€he€wanted€to€talk€to€you€about€what€happened,€isnððt€that€true?ÐøHÐ Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àYes,€sir,€I€sure€did.Ðä4Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà ` àYou€didnððt€tell€him€your€side€of€things€then,€did€you?ÐÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àHe€didnððt€tell€me€anything€either.€.€.€.м Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà ` àHe€just€asked€you€what€happened,€didnððt€he?ШøÐ Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àHe€just€ð!ð€he€didnððt€even€tell€me€what€it€was€about.€€He€didnððt€even€offer€to€tellÐ ”ä Ðme€what€.€.€.€anything€was€about.€€He€just€come€to€me€like€that€I€should€offer€my€sideÐ €Ð Ðof€the€story€to€him€without€him€even€telling€me€other€than€he€was€Matt€Austin€fromÐ l¼ Ðthe€Bristol€Tennessee€Police€Department,€and€thatððs€what€ð!ðÐX ¨Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà0` Ð Ð àHe€never€told€you€that€your€daughter€had€accused€you€of€having€sex€with€her?ÐD!”` Ð ` Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àNo,€sir,€he€did€not.Ð0"€ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà ` àDidnððt€tell€you€a€thing?Ð#l!Ð Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àNo,€sir.Ð$X"Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà ` àJust€wanted€you€to€try€to€guess€what€happened?Ðô$D #Ð Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àYes,€sir,€ð!ðÐà%0!$Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà ` àAnd€when€he€ð!ðÐÌ&"%Ð Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àð!ð€thatððs€what€he€did€in€the€Wise€County€Jail.и'#&Ð Ð  Ðà8  àQà ` àAnd€he€read€an€Advice€of€Rights€Form?Ф(ô#'Ð Ð  Ðà8  àAà ` àNo€.€.€.€.Ð)à$(Ð Ð  Ðâ âÐ |*Ì%) ÐWhen€defense€counsel€did€not€object,€the€trial€court€unilaterally€stopped€the€questioning€and,€afterÐ ° Ðâ âa€bench€conference,€instructed€the€jury€to€disregard€those€questions€and€answers.Ð œì ÐÌà  àIn€òòState€v.€Bradenóó,€534€S.W.2d€657€(Tenn.€1976),€the€defendants€were€arrested€afterÐ tÄ Ðgovernment€agents€observed€them€tampering€with€a€cache€of€marijuana€under€surveillance.€€At€trial,Ð `° Ðthe€defendants€testified€ð ðto€the€effect€that€they€were€exploring€.€.€.€when€they€came€upon€theÐ L œ Ð[marijuana€cache]€by€sheer€accident€and€removed€a€small€amount€of€the€marijuana.ðð€€òòId.óóat€659.€Ð 8 ˆ ÐWhen€cross„examining€one€of€the€defendants,€the€district€attorney€questioned€him€regarding€hisÐ $ t Ðsilence€in€the€face€of€the€arresting€officer;€later,€the€district€attorney€emphasized€the€defendantsððÐ  ` Ðsilence€in€his€argument€to€the€jury.€€The€jury€convicted€the€defendants€of€possession€of€marijuanaÐ ü L  Ðwith€intent€to€resell€and,€on€appeal,€the€defendants€challenged€the€prosecutorððs€argument€as€contraryÐ è 8  Ðto€their€right€to€remain€silent.€€Holding€that€the€district€attorneyððs€actions€required€reversal,€ourÐ Ô$  Ðsupreme€court€nevertheless€ruled€that€evidence€of€a€defendantððs€pre„trial€silence€could€ð ðbe€admittedÐ À  Ð[but]€with€caution€and€then€only€where€such€silence€is€patently€inconsistent€with€[the]€defendantððsÐ ¬ü  Ðtestimony.ðð€€òòId.óóat€660.€€The€court€further€observed€as€follows:Ð ˜è  ÐÌà8  àIf€the€standard€to€be€met€by€the€prosecution€in€introducing€evidence€of€pretrial€silenceÐ pÀ Ðof€a€defendant,€and€in€arguing€to€the€jury€a€position€based€on€defendantððs€pretrialÐ \¬ Ðsilence,€was€any€less€strict,€a€defendant€would€be€on€the€horns€of€a€dilemma€whenÐ H˜ Ðarrested€and€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóó€rights.€€He€would€have€to€assert€his€innocenceÐ 4„ Ðimmediately€or€not€at€all,€except€at€the€peril€of€having€the€prosecution€using€his€initialÐ  p Ðsilence€against€him.€€This€would€have€a€chilling€effect€on€a€defendantððs€assertion€ofÐ  \ Ðhis€constitutional€right€to€remain€silent€and,€consequently,€can€not€be€permitted.ÐøHÐ Ð  ÐÌòòId.óóÐ Ð  ÐÌà  àLater,€in€òòDoyle€v.€Ohioóó,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€held€that€a€defendant€who€remainsÐ ¨ø Ðsilent€after€arrest€and€òòMirandaóó€warnings€cannot€later€be€impeached€at€trial€with€his€silence:Ð ”ä ÐÌà8  àð ð[W]hen€a€person€under€arrest€is€informed,€as€òòMirandaóórequires,€that€he€may€remainÐ l¼ Ðsilent,€that€anything€he€says€may€be€used€against€him,€and€that€he€may€have€anÐ X ¨ Ðattorney€if€he€wishes,€.€.€.€it€does€not€comport€with€due€process€to€permit€theÐ D!” Ðprosecution€during€the€trial€to€call€attention€to€his€silence€at€the€time€of€arrest€and€toÐ 0"€  Ðinsist€that€because€he€did€not€speak€about€the€facts€of€the€case€at€that€time,€as€he€wasÐ #l! Ðtold€he€need€not€do,€an€unfavorable€inference€might€be€drawn€as€to€the€truth€of€hisÐ $X" Ðtrial€testimony.€.€.€.ððÐô$D #Ð Ð  ÐÌ426€U.S.€610,€610€(1976)€(quoting€òòUnited€States€v.€Haleóó,€422€U.S.€171,€182„83€(1975)€(White,€J.,Ð Ì&"% Ðconcurring)).€€Later,€in€òòJenkins€v.€Andersonóó,€our€highest€court€held€that€impeachment€of€a€criminalÐ ¸'#& Ðdefendant€with€his€pre„arrest€silence€is€constitutionally€permissible:Ð ¤(ô#' ÐÌà8  àà ` àIn€this€case,€no€governmental€action€induced€petitioner€to€remain€silent€beforeÐ |*Ì%) Ðarrest.€€The€failure€to€speak€occurred€before€the€petitioner€was€taken€into€custody€andÐ h+¸&* Ðgiven€òòMirandaóówarnings.€€Consequently,€the€fundamental€unfairness€present€inÐ ° ÐòòDoyleóóis€not€present€in€this€case.€.€.€.МìÐ Ð  ÐÌ447€U.S.€231,€244€(1980).€€In€òòFletcher€v.€Weiróó,€455€U.S.€603€(1982),€the€Supreme€Court€addressedÐ tÄ Ðthe€issue€of€impeachment€of€a€criminal€defendant€with€silence€occurring€after€arrest€but€beforeÐ `° ÐòòMirandaóó€warnings.€€Again€distinguishing€òòDoyleóó,€the€court€held€that€impeachment€with€such€silenceÐ L œ Ðis€not€violative€of€due€process:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà8  àà ` àIn€the€absence€of€the€sort€of€affirmative€assurances€embodied€in€theÐ  ` ÐòòMirandaóówarnings,€we€do€not€believe€that€it€violates€due€process€of€law€for€a€StateÐ ü L  Ðto€permit€cross„examination€as€to€post„arrest€silence€when€a€defendant€chooses€toÐ è 8  Ðtake€the€stand.€€A€State€is€entitled,€in€such€situations,€to€leave€to€the€judge€and€juryÐ Ô$  Ðunder€its€own€rules€of€evidence€the€resolution€of€the€extent€to€which€post„arrestÐ À  Ðsilence€may€be€deemed€to€impeach€a€criminal€defendantððs€own€testimony.Ьü Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óóat€607.Ð „Ô  ÐÌà  àRecently,€in€òòState€v.€Chris€Haireóó,€No.€E2000„01636„CCA„R3„CD,€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€atÐ \¬ ÐKnoxville,€Jan.€22,€2002),€a€panel€of€this€court€examined€the€continued€viability€of€our€high€courtððsÐ H˜ Ðdecision€in€òòBradenóó€after€òòDoyleóóand€its€progeny.€€The€panel€determined€that€òòBradenóó,€insofar€as€itÐ 4„ Ðallowed€any€comment€on€post„arrest,€post„òòMirandaóó€silence,€did€not€survive€òòDoyleóó.€€It€concluded,Ð  p Ðhowever,€that€òòBradenóóððs€qualified€use€of€a€defendantððs€silence€continued€to€apply€in€òòWeiróó„typeÐ  \ Ðsituations€involving€post„arrest,€pre„òòMirandaóósilence:Ð øH ÐÌà8  à[A]s€we€previously€noted,€òòDoyleóó€applies€to€impeachment€use€of€post-arrest,Ð Ð  Ðpost-òòMirandaóó€warnings€silence€as€contrasted€with€impeachment€use€of€post-arrest,Ð ¼  Ðpre-òòMirandaóó€warnings€silence,€the€latter€of€which€does€not€run€afoul€of€constitutionalÐ ¨ø Ðdue€process€per€the€òòWeiróó€decision.€€Consequently,€we€are€of€the€opinion€that€òòBradenóó'sÐ ”ä Ð"patently€inconsistent"€qualification€is€still€viable€in€the€factual€context€presented€inÐ €Ð ÐòòWeiróó.€€The€result€is€that€Tennessee€restricts€impeachment€use€of€a€defendant'sÐ l¼ Ðpost-arrest€silence€that€precedes€òòMirandaóó€warnings€to€those€situations€wherein€it€isÐ X ¨ Ðpatently€or€blatantly€inconsistent€with€trial€testimony.ÐD!”Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó,€slip€op.€at€18.Ð #l! ÐÌà  àThe€issue€presented€in€this€case€is€a€close€one.€€If€the€police€had€neither€arrested€the€defendantÐ ô$D # Ðnor€provided€him€with€òòMirandaóówarnings,€then€the€stateððs€cross„examination€of€the€defendantÐ à%0!$ Ðregarding€his€silence€was€permissible€pursuant€to€òòJenkins€v.€Andersonóó.€€On€the€other€hand,€if€theÐ Ì&"% Ðdefendant€had€been€both€arrested€and€advised€of€his€òòMirandaóórights,€the€cross„examination€wouldÐ ¸'#& Ðhave€been€unconstitutional€under€òòDoyleóó.€€Finally,€if€the€defendant€had€been€arrested€but€had€notÐ ¤(ô#' Ðreceived€òòMirandaóówarnings,€the€very€scenario€presented€in€òòWeiróó,€a€cross„examination€of€theÐ )à$( Ðdefendant€about€his€silence€would€have€been€permissible€only€if€it€was€ð ðpatently€or€blatantlyÐ |*Ì%) Ðinconsistent€with€[his]€trial€testimony.ðð€€òòSeeóóòòid.óó€€In€our€view,€application€of€this€test€would€haveÐ h+¸&* Ðrequired€exclusion€of€the€defendantððs€pre„trial€silence.€€Any€inconsistency€between€the€defendantððsÐ ° Ðsilence€and€his€exculpatory€trial€testimony€would€not€qualify€as€blatant.€€òòSeeóóòòBradenóó,€534€S.W.2dÐ œì Ðat€660„61.Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àHere,€however,€the€record€is€unclear€as€to€whether€the€defendant€had€been€arrested€or€advisedÐ `° Ðof€his€òòMirandaóórights€at€the€time€that€he€was€interviewed€by€Detective€Matt€Austin.€€The€detectiveÐ L œ Ðdid€not€testify€at€trial€and€the€only€evidence€in€the€record€is€the€defendantððs€testimony€on€cross„Ð 8 ˆ Ðexamination,€which€was€interrupted€by€the€trial€judge.€€No€further€hearing€was€held€on€the€matter.€Ð $ t ÐAlthough€the€defendantððs€testimony€suggests€that€the€interview€occurred€at€a€county€jail€in€Virginia,Ð  ` Ðwhere€the€defendant€resided,€this€court€cannot€conclude€from€this€record€that€the€defendant€wasÐ ü L  Ðalready€under€arrest.€€Moreover,€the€defendant€testified€that€Detective€Austin€had€not€read€theÐ è 8  ÐòòMirandaóó€rights€to€him.€€There€is€no€indication€in€the€record€that€the€defendant€had€been€advised€ofÐ Ô$  Ðhis€òòMirandaóó€rights€by€anyone€else€or€that€he€had€relied€on€that€advice€in€remaining€silent.€€BecauseÐ À  Ðit€is€the€duty€of€the€appellant€to€supply€an€adequate€record€for€a€determination€on€the€merits,€theÐ ¬ü  Ðcross„examination€cannot€be€classified€as€error.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€R.€App.€P.€24;€òòState€v.€Coolidgeóó,€915Ð ˜è  ÐS.W.2d€820,€826€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995),€òòoverruled€on€other€grounds€byóó€òòState€v.€Troutmanóó,€979Ð „Ô  ÐS.W.2d€271€(Tenn.1998).Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àMoreover,€any€error€would€have€been€harmless€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€The€defendantððsÐ H˜ Ðexplanation€for€his€silence€ð!ð€that€Detective€Austin€had€failed€to€advise€him€of€the€subject€of€theÐ 4„ Ðinterview€ð!ð€was€plausible.€€Because€the€detective€did€not€testify,€the€explanation€was€uncontradicted.€Ð  p ÐAdditionally,€after€the€trial€court€interrupted€the€cross„examination,€it€provided€the€jury€with€a€properÐ  \ Ðcurative€charge€that€included€an€admonition€to€disregard€all€of€the€questions€and€answers€regardingÐ øH Ðthe€defendantððs€silence,€an€instruction€that€all€persons€have€a€right€not€to€incriminate€themselves,€andÐ ä4 Ða€confirmation€by€show€of€hands€that€the€jurors€could€disregard€the€improper€testimony.€€Finally,€theÐ Ð  Ðdefendant€did€not€deny€having€had€intercourse€with€the€victim,€but€insisted€that€it€was€consensual.€Ð ¼  ÐSilence€upon€being€confronted€by€Detective€Austin€would€likely€have€been€understandable€under€thatÐ ¨ø Ðcircumstance.Ð ”ä ÐÌà@)ìàIIIˆÐ l¼ Ðà  àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€ordering€the€maximum€sentenceÐ X ¨ Ðof€twelve€years€and€by€denying€alternative€sentencing.€€The€state€disagrees.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àAt€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€victim€testified€that€after€the€rape,€she€had€problems€at€homeÐ #l! Ðand€became€suicidal.€€She€stated€that€her€academic€performance€declined€and€that€she€lostÐ $X" Ðapproximately€twenty€pounds.€€Although€the€victim€had€some€counseling,€she€continued€to€haveÐ ô$D # Ðnightmares.€While€expressing€fear€of€the€defendant,€the€victim€acknowledged€that€he€had€beenÐ à%0!$ Ðremorseful€and€had€never€threatened€her.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌà  àMary€Margaret€Denton,€a€therapist€at€the€Childrenððs€Advocacy€Center,€testified€that€she€metÐ ¤(ô#' Ðwith€the€victim€on€a€weekly€to€biweekly€basis€beginning€in€April€of€1999€for€approximately€twoÐ )à$( Ðmonths.€€Afterward,€she€saw€the€victim€on€an€intermittent€basis€because€the€victimððs€father€had€beenÐ |*Ì%) Ðreleased€on€bail€and€the€victim€was€less€willing€ð ðto€share€her€feelings.ðð€€Ms.€Denton€described€theÐ h+¸&* Ðvictim€as€initially€very€sad€and€distraught,€having€trouble€with€her€grades€and€experiencing€dramaticÐ ° Ðweight€loss.€Ð œì ÐÌà  àGregory€M.€Austin,€the€owner€of€Colt€Equipment€and€Repair,€testified€for€the€defense.€€HeÐ tÄ Ðstated€that€he€would€hire€the€defendant€as€a€mechanic€at€his€Pound,€Virginia,€shop€if€the€defendantÐ `° Ðwere€to€be€granted€probation.Ð L œ ÐÌà  àAt€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€found€and€applied€fourÐ $ t Ðenhancement€factors:€€(1)€that€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€orÐ  ` Ðbehavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;€(6)€that€the€personalÐ ü L  Ðinjuries€inflicted€upon€the€victim€were€particularly€great;€(7)€that€the€offense€involved€a€victim€andÐ è 8  Ðwas€committed€to€gratify€the€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement;€and€(15)€that€theÐ Ô$  Ðdefendant€abused€a€position€of€private€trust.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„114(1),€(6),€(7),€(15).€Ð À  ÐThe€trial€judge€assigned€great€weight€to€factors€(1),€(7)€,€and€(15),€determined€that€no€mitigatingÐ ¬ü  Ðfactors€were€applicable,€and€set€the€defendantððs€sentences€at€the€maximums€within€their€applicableÐ ˜è  Ðranges.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„13„503(b)€(establishing€rape€as€Class€B€felony);€39„15„302(b)Ð „Ô  Ð(establishing€incest€as€a€Class€C€felony);€40„35„112(a)(2)€ð!ð€(3)€(setting€Range€I€sentence€for€ClassÐ pÀ ÐB€felony€at€eight€to€twelve€years€and€Range€I€sentence€for€Class€C€felony€at€three€to€six€years).Ð \¬ ÐÌà  àWhen€there€is€a€challenge€to€the€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€it€is€theÐ 4„ Ðduty€of€this€court€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€byÐ  p Ðthe€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€uponÐ  \ Ðthe€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€allÐ øH Ðrelevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991);€òòseeóó€òòState€v.Ð ä4 ÐJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€600€(Tenn.€1994).€€ð ðIf€the€trial€court€applies€inappropriate€factors€orÐ Ð  Ðotherwise€fails€to€follow€the€1989€Sentencing€Act,€the€presumption€of€correctness€falls.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð ¼  ÐSheltonóó,€854€S.W.2d€116,€123€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992).€€The€Sentencing€Commission€CommentsÐ ¨ø Ðprovide€that€the€burden€is€on€the€defendant€to€show€the€impropriety€of€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ ”ä ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Comments.Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àOur€review€requires€an€analysis€of€(1)€the€evidence,€if€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencingÐ X ¨ Ðhearing;€(2)€the€presentence€report;€(3)€the€principles€of€sentencing€and€the€arguments€of€counselÐ D!” Ðrelative€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(4)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense;€(5)€any€mitigatingÐ 0"€  Ðor€enhancing€factors;€(6)€any€statements€made€by€the€defendant€in€his€own€behalf;€and€(7)€theÐ #l! Ðdefendant's€potential€for€rehabilitation€or€treatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210;Ð $X" ÐòòState€v.€Smithóó,€735€S.W.2d€859,€863€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àIn€calculating€the€sentence€for€a€Class€B,€C,€D,€or€E€felony€conviction,€the€presumptiveÐ Ì&"% Ðsentence€is€the€minimum€in€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ ¸'#& ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€If€there€are€enhancement€but€no€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€may€set€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðsentence€above€the€minimum,€but€still€within€the€range.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d).€€AÐ )à$( Ðsentence€involving€both€enhancement€and€mitigating€factors€requires€an€assignment€of€relativeÐ |*Ì%) Ðweight€for€the€enhancement€factors€as€a€means€of€increasing€the€sentence.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð h+¸&* Ð210(e).€€The€sentence€must€then€be€reduced€within€the€range€by€any€weight€assigned€to€the€mitigatingÐ ° Ðfactors€present.€€òòId.óóÐ œì ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€applying€enhancement€factor€(1),€that€heÐ tÄ Ðhas€a€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establishÐ `° Ðthe€appropriate€range.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1).€€He€argues€that€his€prior€criminalÐ L œ Ðrecord€consisted€only€of€a€misdemeanor€conviction€for€driving€under€the€influence€and€that€the€trialÐ 8 ˆ Ðcourt€should€not€have€considered€his€conviction€for€failure€to€appear€because€it€occurred€inÐ $ t Ðconnection€with€the€charges€in€this€case.€€He€also€contends€that€the€trial€judge€erred€by€consideringÐ  ` Ðthat€he€provided€alcoholic€beverages€to€the€victim€on€the€night€of€the€crime€because€it€occurredÐ ü L  Ðcontemporaneously€with€the€crime.€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€presentence€report€reflects€that€at€the€time€of€sentencing,€the€defendant€had€beenÐ À  Ðconvicted€of€DUI€in€1998.€€Additionally,€approximately€one€month€prior€to€the€sentencing€hearing,Ð ¬ü  Ðthe€defendant€pled€guilty€to€felony€failure€to€appear.€€That€the€conviction€occurred€after€the€rape€andÐ ˜è  Ðincest€is€irrelevant.€€This€court€has€previously€held€that€ð ð[t]rial€[courts]€can€consider€criminalÐ „Ô  Ðconvictions€or€any€other€criminal€behavior€which€occurred€prior€to€the€sentencing€hearing€as€beingÐ pÀ Ððða€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€criminal€behaviorðð€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ \¬ Ð40-35-114(1),€regardless€of€whether€the€convictions€or€behavior€occurred€before€or€after€the€criminalÐ H˜ Ðconduct€under€consideration.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ed€Watersóó,€No.€01„C„01„9106„CR„00158,€slip€op.€at€6„7Ð 4„ Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€Feb.€20,€1992).€€Further,€the€defendant€acknowledged€at€trial€thatÐ  p Ðhe€had€provided€the€minor€victim€with€beer€not€only€on€the€night€of€the€crime,€but€on€prior€occasionsÐ  \ Ðas€well.€€In€our€view,€enhancement€factor€(1)€was€properly€applied.Ð øH ÐÌà  à€The€defendant€next€challenges€the€application€of€enhancement€factor€(6),€that€the€personalÐ Ð  Ðinjuries€€inflicted€upon€the€victim€were€particularly€great.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(6).€Ð ¼  ÐWhile€conceding€that€the€victim€received€counseling€as€a€result€of€the€offense,€he€maintains€that€theÐ ¨ø Ðtreatment€was€only€for€a€brief€period€and€that€she€was€doing€well€in€school€at€the€time€of€sentencing.€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€term€ð ðpersonal€injuryðð€contained€in€enhancement€factor€(6)€embraces€the€ð ðemotionalÐ l¼ Ðinjuries€and€psychological€scarring€sustained€by€the€victim€of€a€sexual€offense.ðð€€òòState€v.€Melvinóó,€913Ð X ¨ ÐS.W.2d€195,€203€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Before€this€factor€may€be€applied,€however,€it€must€beÐ D!” Ðdemonstrated€that€the€emotional€injuries€and€psychological€scarring€were€ð ðparticularly€great.ðð€€òòId.óó€Ð 0"€  ÐRecently,€in€òòState€v.€Arnettóó,€49€S.W.3d€250,€260€(Tenn.€2001),€our€supreme€court€held€thatÐ #l! Ðð ðapplication€of€[enhancement€factor€(6)]€is€appropriate€where€there€is€specific€and€objective€evidenceÐ $X" Ðdemonstrating€how€the€victimððs€mental€injury€is€more€serious€or€more€severe€than€that€whichÐ ô$D # Ðnormally€results€from€this€offense.€€Such€proof€may€be€presented€by€the€victimððs€testimony,€as€wellÐ à%0!$ Ðas€the€testimony€of€witnesses€acquainted€with€the€victim.€€In€this€instance,€because€the€victim€becameÐ Ì&"% Ðsuicidal€after€the€offense,€experienced€a€dramatic€weight€loss,€and€performed€poorly€in€school,€theÐ ¸'#& Ðemotional€injuries€qualified€as€more€severe€than€the€ordinary€result.€€Thus,€the€trial€court€did€not€errÐ ¤(ô#' Ðby€its€application€of€enhancement€factor€(6).€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.€Williamsóó,€920€S.W.2d€247,€259„60€(Tenn.Ð )à$( Ðâ âCrim.€App.€1995)€(holding€that€rape€victimððs€injuries€were€ð ðparticularly€greatðð€and€that€enhancementÐ |*Ì%) Ðfactor€(6)€had€been€properly€applied€where€victim€experienced€periods€of€depression€and€low€self„Ð ° Ðesteem,€began€to€perform€poorly€at€school,€and€sought€weekly€counseling€for€a€period€of€time).Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àThe€defendant€also€contends€that€the€trial€court€placed€too€much€weight€on€enhancementÐ tÄ Ðfactor€(7),€that€the€offense€involved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratify€his€desire€for€pleasure€orÐ `° Ðexcitement.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(7).€€In€support€of€this€argument,€the€defendant€citesÐ L œ Ðthe€fact€that€he€did€not€climax€while€having€sexual€intercourse€with€the€victim.€€In€considering€thisÐ 8 ˆ Ðfactor,€the€trial€court€made€the€following€observations:Ð $ t ÐÌà8  àà ` àNumber€seven,€the€offense€involved€a€victim€and€was€committed€to€gratifyÐ ü L  Ðthe€defendantððs€desire€for€pleasure€or€excitement.€€That€was€born€out€by€the€facts€ofÐ è 8  Ðthis€case.€€It€wasnððt€because€you€hated€women.€€It€wasnððt€because€you€hatedÐ Ô$  Ðdaughters.€€€Purely€it€was€for€your€pleasure€and€excitement.€€You€planned€it€out.€€YouÐ À  Ðtestified€what€a€good€loving€daddy€you€were.€€You€hadnððt€seen€either€one€of€yourÐ ¬ü  Ðchildren€for€a€year€or€a€year€and€a€half,€yet€when€you€came€to€town€you€didnððt€botherÐ ˜è  Ðabout€the€little€son.€€I€think€he€was€at€the€grandmotherððs,€but€.€.€.€instead€of€goingÐ „Ô  Ðstraight€over€there,€it€seems€like€you€went€to€a€bar€or€something€and€then€you€didnððtÐ pÀ Ðtry€to€have€any€visitation€or€anything€with€the€little€boy.€€You€wanted€that€littleÐ \¬ Ðdaughter€and€you€wanted€her€alone€and€you€wanted€her€drinking€and€you€wanted€toÐ H˜ Ðhave€sex€with€her.€€And€it€was€just€really€evidence€to€the€[c]ourt€that€.€.€.€you€did€itÐ 4„ Ðfor€your€pleasure€and€your€excitement.Ð pÐ Ð  ÐÌThe€weight€given€each€enhancement€and€mitigating€factor€is€left€to€the€discretion€of€the€trial€courtÐ øH Ðas€long€as€the€trial€court€complies€with€the€purposes€and€principles€of€the€sentencing€act€and€itsÐ ä4 Ðfindings€are€supported€by€the€record.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40-35-210,€Sentencing€CommissionÐ Ð  ÐComments;€òòState€v.€Mossóó,€727€S.W.2d€229,€238€(Tenn.€1986);€òòState€v.€Kelleyóó,€34€S.W.3d€471,€479Ð ¼  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€That€the€trial€court€ascribed€particular€weight€to€enhancement€factor€(7)Ð ¨ø Ðwas€not€error.€€€Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€claims€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€apply€€three€mitigatingÐ l¼ Ðfactors:€€that€he€contends€should€have€been€applied€by€the€trial€court:€(1)€that€his€conduct€neitherÐ X ¨ Ðcaused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury,€òòseeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(1);€(2)€that€he€had€anÐ D!” Ðexcellent€work€history,€òòseeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„113(13)€(ð ð[a]ny€other€factor€consistent€withÐ 0"€  Ðthe€purposes€of€this€chapterðð);€and€(3)€that€he€had€studied€the€Bible€while€incarcerated,€òòseeóóòòid.óóÐ #l! ÐÌà  àInitially,€the€defendant€is€not€entitled€to€the€application€of€mitigating€factor€(1),€that€hisÐ ô$D # Ðconduct€neither€caused€nor€threatened€serious€bodily€injury.€€The€victim€sustained€€psychological€andÐ à%0!$ Ðemotional€injuries,€which€are€encompassed€by€the€term€ð ðserious€bodily€injury,ðð€as€a€result€of€theÐ Ì&"% Ðoffense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Smithóó,€910€S.W.2d€457,€461€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Willie€Givensóó,Ð ¸'#& ÐNo.€M2000„02883„CCA„R3„CD€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€at€Nashville,€June€28,€2002).€€Additionally,€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðdefendant€provided€the€minor€victim€with€alcoholic€beverages€prior€to€the€assault.€€òòSeeóóòòState€v.Ð )à$( Ðâ âMcKnightóó,€900€S.W.2d€36,€55€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(rejecting€mitigating€factor€(1)€where€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðdefendant€provided€the€minor€victims€with€alcoholic€beverages€prior€to€sexually€abusing€them).€€TheÐ ° Ðtrial€court,€therefore,€properly€rejected€mitigating€factor€(1).Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àNext,€€ð ða€defendantððs€work€history€is€relevant€to€his€or€her€potential€for€rehabilitation,€a€factorÐ tÄ Ðto€be€considered€in€determining€the€length€of€the€sentence.ðð€€òòState€v.€Kelleyóó,€34€S.W.3d€471,€483Ð `° Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€2000).€€Here,€the€trial€court€considered€the€defendantððs€work€history€andÐ L œ Ðdetermined€that€it€was€not€enough€to€merit€mitigation€consideration:Ð 8 ˆ ÐÌà8  àI€donððt€know€that€Iððd€characterize€it€as€an€excellent€work€history.€.€.€.€€Iððd€characterizeÐ  ` Ðit€as€a€good€work€history.€€About€all€thatððs€in€here€is€about€Col[t]€Equipment€andÐ ü L  ÐRepair€and€of€course€Mr.€Austin€testified.€€Apparently€you€are€a€skilled€person,€aÐ è 8  Ðperson€somebody€would€want€to€work€for€them€as€far€as€your€level€of€capabilities€goÐ Ô$  Ðon€the€job.€.€.€.€€You€have€a€good€work€history.€€I€wouldnððt€call€it€excellent.€.€.€.ÐÀ Ð Ð  ÐÌThe€defendant€is€a€ð ðcertified€mechanic.ðð€€The€trial€court€classified€the€work€history€as€"good"€butÐ ˜è  Ðwas€hesitant€to€describe€it€as€"excellent."€€"Good"€is€enough€to€merit€application€of€the€factor,€evenÐ „Ô  Ðthough€the€weight€attached€might€be€relatively€slight.€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€defendant€contends€that€his€study€of€the€Bible€while€incarcerated€qualified€as€aÐ H˜ Ðmitigating€factor.€€The€record€contains€several€certificates€indicating€that€the€defendant€completedÐ 4„ Ðvarious€Bible„related€correspondence€courses€while€in€jail.€€While€his€effort€is€laudable€and€mayÐ  p Ðsuggest€a€desire€for€rehabilitation€on€the€part€of€the€defendant,€the€trial€judge,€who€saw€the€witnessÐ  \ Ðand€heard€his€testimony,€is€in€a€better€position€to€assess€the€weight€of€the€factor€in€assessing€theÐ øH Ðsentence.€€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àIn€sum,€the€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factors€(1),€(6),€(7),€and€(15).€€òòSeeóóTenn.Ð ¼  ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114.€€Two€possible€mitigating€factors€warranted€little€weight.€€A€twelve„yearÐ ¨ø Ðsentence€is€appropriate€under€the€circumstances.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€denying€alternative€sentencing.€Ð l¼ ÐBecause,€however,€the€sentence€is€twelve€years,€the€defendant€is€not€eligible€for€probation.€Ð X ¨ ÐòòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(a)€(ð ð[a]€defendant€shall€be€eligible€for€probation€.€.€.€if€theÐ D!” Ðsentence€actually€imposed€upon€such€defendant€is€eight€(8)€years€or€lessðð).€€Likewise,€because€theÐ 0"€  Ðdefendant€was€convicted€of€a€crime€against€the€person€as€provided€in€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€titleÐ #l! Ð39,€chapter€13,€he€is€ineligible€for€a€community€corrections€sentence.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„36„Ð $X" Ð106(a)(2).Ð ô$D # ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgments€of€the€trial€court€are€affirmed.Ð Ì&"% ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð |*Ì%) Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àGARY€R.€WADE,€PRESIDING€JUDGE