ÿWPC¼ ½  ]3û¹²'ŒDð0¬¸®«þ÷ÇCrþøšÃì©Áòí¦hmk„«,H~Ä¢!-CF,ÑK7ý §Q&·3†ÙÕñ™!Þkå{Û`çGA¤õ(9U‡¡VÒjÝÎÝ«”ο•m« V/>ààڙʲ¸¼¬`ìNX†qýÍ·o ‘ò'Þ¶JÁÁµ.ÇÅîü¬Mqؾé.´D_˜Ð†édÓ„‹ŽAä„€½÷D/•ª,£V(!1ŸO’•N,Б~w?Ã'ÃI¨cÔZAkÛ{—ÙFj aÙjø‚·H…ŠàTrnšc÷`À¯ƒØ®×óX|—o¿öNZ"uJØÁc$_N«XºqC£ßZü½¶ù¤OES+”n+(¦ ÆÄ îå»ÊMT{}Æe¦¦š‘U9›³±Ó3ÿ„ùôB2‚-Á~y;Á¡µtô+”e7¥²ŒåпRAš[zÛ·+\îó°ö0ú+Sì«fÁ HÁ»—& y¤K¬>ß¡dâ¯ý§¸<çáèÂp©2‡†Æ ôwËÁ0ô_m –Ç8°-@/Å«¾0‰ÆŽ¶|‰Ø›µ—p $4ð Ï'µðžP©ï]·šæ4ÔÚå Aè”Nø‡b %\U@b 0Ÿ¢U NAþ& ^ ³ z¿ Ò9 w 4 # 2 Æ4 Æú ÆÀ Ɔ mLNc#ÁeeE&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&&& 0D((((bllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllllll 0tttt Bvv 0»“ D3N D- 0K®® ASùÆL 0» 0DÍ A«»(ÎáA Z‹(Times New Roman (wØ$¡¡Ô  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€..ÑÑ8€å»»dXXdì8ÑÑ ýý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ôÝ ƒR"0$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôläò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€jury€was€instructed€on€the€lesser€included€offenses€of€second€degree€murder€and€voluntary€manslaughter. Ý ƒR"0$ÝÔ  ÔÓ  Óà  àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôläò»»ÔÝ  ÝÔ_ÔThe€jury€was€instructed€on€the€lesser€included€offenses€of€attempted€second€degree€murder€and€attemptedÐ ° Ðvoluntary€manslaughter.œ®i)  ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wptÖJ~'pH§3|x Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ˜HP LaserJet 4000 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó- ù-(“G2"0$¤¤Ý ƒØ!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôläò»»Ô d(“3“Å$££Ý ƒØ!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(“3“Å$¢¢Ý ƒØ!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒØ!ÝÔ  ÔÑ  ÑÑ€.ÑÑ8€»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÔ€¼»»»ÔÑ8€e<XXdæ»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î6#ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@kk$ìàAT€NASHVILLEÔ#†¼»îî6##ԈРР ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àSeptember€20,€2000€SessionÐ ð@ ÐÔ‡Xe<X»¼ÔÌò òÔ#†¼»XXe<##ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE€v.€JOEL€RICHARD€Ô_ÔSCHMEIDERERÔ_ÔÔ‡Xe<X»¼Ôó óÐ ä4 ÐÌà@@½½ìàò ò€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Bedford€CountyÐ Ø ( Ðà@@øøìàNo.€14447€€€€€€William€Charles€Lee,€JudgeÐ ¾  ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<o` AßÐ pÀ  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€M1999„02546CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€November€9,€Ô_Ô2000Ô_ÔÐ eµ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<0` AßÐ 1  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€Defendant,€Joel€Richard€Ô_ÔSchmiedererÔ_Ô,€was€found€guilty€by€a€jury€of€the€following€eightÐ &v  Ðoffenses:€€first€degree€felony€murder,€first€degree€premeditated€Ô#†¼»XXe<·#ÔÔ‡Xe<X»¼Ômurder,€two€counts€of€attempted€firstÐ  \ Ðdegree€premeditatedÔ#†¼»XXe<×#ÔÔ‡Xe<X»¼Ô€murder,€burglary€of€an€automobile,€theft€under€$500,€and€possession€of€aÐ òB Ðfirearm€with€an€altered€serial€number.€€The€two€murder€convictions€were€merged€into€a€single€firstÐ Ø( Ðdegree€murder€conviction,€and€the€Defendant€was€given€a€life€sentence€for€that€offense.€€He€was€alsoÐ ¾ Ðsentenced€as€a€Range€I,€standard€offender€to€twenty„five€years€for€each€of€the€two€attempted€firstÐ ¤ô Ðdegree€murder€convictions,€two€years€for€burglary€of€an€automobile,€and€eleven€months€twenty„nineÐ ŠÚ Ðdays€each€for€theft€under€$500€and€for€possession€of€a€handgun€with€an€altered€serial€number.€€TheÐ pÀ Ðtrial€court€then€ordered€the€two€sentences€for€attempted€murder€to€be€served€consecutive€to€eachÐ V¦ Ðother€and€consecutive€to€the€first€degree€murder€conviction.€€On€appeal,€the€Defendant€argues€(1)Ð <Œ Ðthat€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€convict€him€of€any€offense€except€possession€of€a€handgun€withÐ "r Ðan€altered€serial€number;€(2)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€charging€the€jury€with€felony€murder€andÐ X Ðwith€first€degree€premeditated€Ô#†¼»XXe Ðadditional€lesser€included€offenses;€and€(4)€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€the€maximumÐ Ô$ Ðsentence€for€each€of€the€felony€offenses€and€by€ordering€three€of€the€felony€sentences€to€be€servedÐ º  Ðconsecutively.€€We€find€no€reversible€error;€accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.Ð  ð ÐÓØÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmed.ó óÐ l!¼! ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼»àXe!% ÐÔ_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€exited€the€truck€and€jumped€the€white€gate€blocking€the€driveway.Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àOnce€they€were€inside€the€gate,€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€encountered€Ted€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô,€whoÐ  (ð#( Ðcalled€the€police€on€his€cellular€phone.€€During€the€phone€conversation,€the€car€drove€back€by.€€Mr.Ð †)Ö$) ÐÔ_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€gave€the€police€the€license€tag€number€of€the€vehicle.€€The€vehicle€drove€past€the€house,Ð l*¼%* Ðturned€around€in€a€neighbor's€driveway,€and€came€back.€€When€they€saw€the€vehicle€coming€back,Ð R+¢&+ ÐMr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€went€behind€the€house.€€They€heard€a€loud€noise€while€they€were€behindÐ 8,ˆ', Ðthe€house,€so€they€walked€back€around€the€house€and€saw€two€men€in€Mr.€Stout's€pickup€truck.€€OneÐ ° Ðof€the€men€had€Mr.€Stout's€radio€in€his€hand.€€Mr.€Stout€shouted,€"That's€my€radio,"€and€theÐ –æ ÐDefendant,€who€had€been€driving€the€other€car,€pulled€out€a€gun.Ð |Ì ÐÌà  àUpon€seeing€the€gun,€both€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€started€running.€€Mr.€Stout€ran€towardÐ H˜ Ðthe€woods,€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€ran€toward€the€house.€€Mr.€Stout€heard€two€or€three€gunshots.€€He€thenÐ . ~ Ðheard€someone€say,€"I've€been€shot.€€Somebody€help€me."€€Mr.€Stout€stayed€in€the€woods€until€heÐ  d Ðheard€sirens,€and€then€he€came€out.€€He€saw€that€his€friend,€Jamie€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô,€had€been€shot.€€Mr.Ð ú J ÐÔ_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€ultimately€died€from€a€gun„shot€wound€to€the€chest.€€Mr.€Stout€testified€that€neither€he€norÐ à 0 ÐMr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€was€armed.Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àTed€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€and€his€wife€live€at€309€Pickle€Road€and€that€on€October€9,Ð ’â  Ð1998,€around€4:00€or€5:00€in€the€afternoon,€he€was€working€in€his€shop€when€he€heard€a€"crash."€Ð xÈ  ÐHe€went€out€to€investigate€and€saw€that€a€pickup€truck€had€run€into€a€ditch€beside€a€big€cedar€treeÐ ^®  Ðnear€his€driveway.€€He€encountered€two€"boys,"€who€appeared€scared€and€who€told€him€that€they€hadÐ D”  Ðbeen€hit€and€that€someone€was€shooting€at€them.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€called€911€and€then€turned€the€phoneÐ *z  Ðover€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€€While€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€was€on€the€phone,€a€gold€car€drove€by,€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_ÔÐ ` Ðobserved€the€tag€number€on€the€car.€€He€relayed€the€tag€number€to€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô,€who€in€turn€relayedÐ öF Ðit€to€the€911€operator.€€The€car€turned€around€again.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€he€told€the€"boys"Ð Ü, Ðto€"get€out€of€sight,"€which€they€did.€€The€car€stopped€in€the€road€by€the€mailbox,€and€the€DefendantÐ Â Ðgot€out.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€stated,€"And€then€Mr.€Ô_ÔSchmiedererÔ_Ô€got€out€of€the€driver's€side,€walked€aroundÐ ¨ø Ðup€to,€I'd€say,€six€or€seven€foot€[sic]€from€me,€pulled€out€a€pistol,€pointed€it€at€my€chest,€and€pulledÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€trigger,€and€it€clicked."€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€when€the€gun€did€not€fire,€the€DefendantÐ tÄ Ð"looked€a€little€bit€startled,"€and€he€started€to€"fiddle"€with€the€gun.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€asked€theÐ Zª ÐDefendant€why€he€wanted€to€shoot€him,€but€instead€of€answering,€the€Defendant€just€asked€Mr.Ð @ ÐÔ_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€whether€he€knew€the€"boys"€in€the€truck€and€told€him€that€the€"boys"€had€"caused€him€toÐ &v Ðcrash€the€car."€Ð  \ ÐÌà  àMr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€said€that€he€tried€to€talk€with€the€Defendant€to€keep€him€"occupied,"€and€heÐ Ø( Ðcommented€on€what€a€shame€it€was€that€the€nice€new€car€had€been€wrecked.€€While€he€was€talkingÐ ¾ Ðto€the€Defendant,€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€had€the€opportunity€to€observe€the€Defendant.€€He€said€that€theÐ ¤ô ÐDefendant€was€"well€dressed,"€"within€his€wits,"€and€"didn't€seem€to€be€intoxicated."€€The€DefendantÐ Š Ú Ðwas€"sure€of€himself,"€"steady"€with€the€gun,€and€seemed€to€have€a€"purpose."€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€saidÐ p!À  Ðthat€the€passenger€in€the€car,€who€was€identified€as€Cody€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô,€walked€up€to€the€Defendant€andÐ V"¦! Ðsuggested€that€they€look€for€a€CD€player€or€something€else€in€the€pickup€truck€that€they€could€useÐ <#Œ" Ðto€help€pay€for€damages€to€the€car.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€went€to€the€truck€and€entered€the€truck€from€theÐ "$r# Ðdriver's€side.€€He€appeared€to€be€attempting€to€remove€a€tape€deck€or€CD€player.€€The€Defendant€thenÐ %X $ Ðwent€to€the€truck€and€entered€from€the€passenger's€side.€€They€both€"were€working€on€odds€and€ends,Ð î%>!% Ðjust€seeing€what€was€in€there."Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà  àMr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€while€the€Defendant€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€were€inside€the€truck,€theÐ  (ð#( Ðother€young€men€ran€back€around€the€house€and€one€of€them€yelled,€"Get€out€of€my€truck.€€QuitÐ †)Ö$) Ðtearing€my€truck€up."€€At€this€point,€the€Defendant€came€out€of€the€truck€with€the€pistol.€€Mr.Ð l*¼%* ÐÔ_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€ran€to€the€back€of€the€house€while€the€two€"boys"€ran€around€the€front€of€the€house.€€Mr.Ð R+¢&+ ÐÔ_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€saw€the€Defendant€fire€one€shot€at€the€young€men€from€the€gate€across€the€driveway€andÐ 8,ˆ', Ðthen€start€running€after€the€two€men.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€ran€to€his€back€door,€opened€it,€and€saw€his€wifeÐ ° Ðstanding€by€the€bay€window€in€the€front€of€the€house.€€Looking€out€the€window,€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€sawÐ –æ Ðthe€gun€fire€toward€the€front€door.€€The€Defendant€tried€to€fire€the€gun€again,€but€it€jammed.€€At€thisÐ |Ì Ðpoint,€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€ran€back€around€the€house€toward€the€front,€and€he€heard€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€yell,Ð b² Ð"You've€killed€me."€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€saw€the€Defendant,€who€had€apparently€cleared€the€jam€and€wasÐ H˜ Ðpreparing€to€shoot€again.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€then€"leaped"€on€the€Defendant,€grabbed€the€gun,€"conked"Ð . ~ Ðthe€Defendant€on€the€head€with€the€gun,€and€tossed€the€gun€out€of€reach.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€came€runningÐ  d Ðaround€the€house,€but€ran€away€and€drove€off€in€the€Defendant's€car€after€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€pointed€theÐ ú J Ðgun€at€him.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€while€he€was€sitting€on€top€of€the€Defendant,€he€asked€theÐ à 0 ÐDefendant€why€he€had€tried€to€shoot€him.€€The€Defendant€replied€"that€he€thought€I€was€one€ofÐ Æ   Ðthem's€[sic]€fathers€or€a€friend."€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€said€that€he€did€not€see€Mr.€Stout€or€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_ÔÐ ¬ ü  Ðwith€a€weapon;€only€the€Defendant€had€a€weapon€that€day.Ð ’â  ÐÌà  àLinda€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€she€was€in€her€house€on€October€9€when€she€heard€a€loud€crashÐ ^®  Ðoutside.€€She€stepped€outside€onto€her€screened€porch€and€saw€the€blue€truck€and€two€"boys"€jumpÐ D”  Ðover€the€gate.€€They€yelled,€"Call€the€sheriff.€€Somebody€is€shooting€at€us."€€Ms.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€€calledÐ *z  Ð911€and€reported€the€incident.€€She€returned€to€the€porch,€where€she€saw€her€husband€at€the€gate€andÐ ` Ðtwo€"boys€going€back€and€forth€from€a€car€to€the€blue€truck,€taking€things€out€of€the€blue€truck,Ð öF Ðputting€them€in€the€car."€€She€saw€both€"boys"€in€the€blue€truck.€€Assuming€her€husband€had€thingsÐ Ü, Ðunder€control,€Ms.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€went€back€inside.€€She€heard€gunshots,€and€then€she€saw€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_ÔÐ Â Ðjump€the€white€picket€fence€to€the€front€patio€and€try€to€get€in€the€front€door.€€The€door€was€locked,Ð ¨ø Ðand€Ms.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€said€that€she€could€not€open€the€door€because€to€do€so€would€have€placed€her€inÐ ŽÞ Ðthe€line€of€fire.€€Looking€out€the€bay€window,€Ms.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€saw€the€Defendant€take€aim€and€shootÐ tÄ ÐMr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€€When€the€Defendant€shot,€he€had€his€arm€straight€out€and€was€aiming€the€gun€towardÐ Zª ÐMr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€€His€hand€was€steady.€€The€Defendant€attempted€to€shoot€a€second€time,€but€his€gunÐ @ Ðjammed.€€Ms.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€heard€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€"hit€the€house"€and€scream,€"He's€killed€me."€€€€€€€Ð &v ÐÌà  àNicole€Sanders,€a€neighbor€of€the€Ô_ÔOlkowskisÔ_Ô,€testified€that€she€was€outside€removingÐ òB Ðgroceries€from€her€vehicle€when€she€heard€gunshots.€€When€she€turned€around,€she€saw€a€gold€carÐ Ø( Ðchasing€a€blue€truck.€€The€vehicles€were€traveling€"fast."€€A€person€in€the€passenger's€side€of€the€goldÐ ¾ Ðcar€had€his€arm€hanging€out€the€window,€and€he€was€shooting€a€gun€directly€at€the€blue€truck.€€Ms.Ð ¤ô ÐSanders€heard€more€than€one€shot,€but€she€did€not€know€the€exact€number€of€shots€fired.Ð Š Ú ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€testified€on€his€own€behalf€at€trial.€€He€stated€that€he€left€his€home€about€noonÐ V"¦! Ðon€October€9,€1998,€driving€his€mother's€new€1997€gold€Ô_ÔSebringÔ_Ô.€€He€ran€into€Cody€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€andÐ <#Œ" ÐÔ_ÔDaniel€Rodriguez€while€he€was€"driving€around."€€€The€Defendant€said€that€he,€Mr.€Utmore,€and€Mr.Ð "$r# ÐRodriguez€each€took€a€couple€of€Xanax€pills.€€The€Defendant€had€purchased€fifty€Xanax€pills€forÐ %X $ Ð$100.€They€also€smoked€three€or€four€"joints"€of€marijuana.€€They€"rode€around"€and€then€decidedÐ î%>!% Ðto€go€to€Nashville€to€visit€a€friend€who€was€in€the€hospital.€€They€stopped€at€Consumers€Market,Ð Ô&$"& Ðwhere€they€encountered€another€friend,€Shelly€Peters.€€Ms.€Peters€joined€them,€and€they€decided€toÐ º' #' Ðdrive€back€to€the€Defendant's€house€to€get€the€rest€of€the€Xanax€pills.€€The€Defendant€testified€thatÐ  (ð#( Ðhe€was€"intoxicated"€at€this€time€due€to€the€marijuana€and€the€Xanax.€€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àAfter€going€to€the€Defendant's€house,€they€returned€to€town.€€Ms.€Peters€was€driving€becauseÐ R+¢&+ Ðshe€did€not€like€the€way€the€Defendant€had€been€driving.€€Ms.€Peters€pulled€into€the€Belfast€MarketÐ 8,ˆ', Ðto€use€the€pay€phone.€€The€three€young€men€went€into€the€store€while€Ms.€Peters€used€the€pay€phone.€Ð ° ÐWhen€they€came€out€of€the€store,€Mr.€Rodriguez€saw€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Helmick€in€the€blue€truck.€Ð –æ ÐThe€Defendant€testified€that€he€"didn't€see€anything€unusual€until€Daniel€Rodriguez€saw€.€.€.€StoutÐ |Ì Ðand€Jamie€Helmick€in€the€blue€truck.€€And€apparently€he€had€a€problem€with€them,€and€they€got€intoÐ b² Ðit."€€Mr.€Rodriguez€"kind€of€waved€his€hands,€what's€up,€and€said€some€obscenities,€and€they€gaveÐ H˜ Ðobscenities€back."€€The€blue€truck€pulled€out,€and€Mr.€Rodriguez€ran€after€it.€€The€three€men€returnedÐ . ~ Ðto€the€Defendant's€car,€and€the€Defendant€told€Ms.€Peters€to€get€in€the€passenger's€side€because€heÐ  d Ðwas€driving.€€She€complied,€and€the€Defendant€drove€in€pursuit€of€the€blue€truck.Ð ú J ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€said€that€he€drove€at€a€high€rate€of€speed€and€caught€up€with€the€truck.€Ð Æ   ÐDuring€this€time,€they€were€all€taking€Xanax.€€He€said€that€they€took€most€of€the€pills;€only€a€fewÐ ¬ ü  Ðwere€left.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€Mr.€Rodriguez€was€"getting€all€pumped€up,"€and€theÐ ’â  ÐDefendant€"got€pumped€up€with€him."€€Ms.€Peters€got€scared€and€demanded€to€be€let€out€of€the€car,Ð xÈ  Ðwhich€the€Defendant€allowed.€€The€Defendant€said,€"Daniel€pretty€much,€he€want€the€[sic]€fight€forÐ ^®  Ðsome€reason€or€another.€€And€usually€when€„„€you€know,€I€was€messed€up,€and€that€excited€me€evenÐ D”  Ðmore€that€he€wanted€to€fight€somebody.€€So,€automatically,€I€just€wanted€to€fight€them,€too."€€He€saidÐ *z  Ðthat€he€"had€no€reason€at€all"€to€fight€"except€that€Daniel€wanted€to."€€Ð ` ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€pursued€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Helmick€at€speeds€of€seventy„five€to€eighty€milesÐ Ü, Ðan€hour€until€they€entered€the€Lewisburg€city€limits€and€encountered€traffic.€€Although€he€had€a€gunÐ Â Ðin€the€car,€the€Defendant€said€he€was€not€planning€to€shoot€anybody;€he€only€wanted€to€fight.€€WhileÐ ¨ø Ðhe€was€driving€around€the€square,€the€blue€truck€"cut€in€front"€of€the€Defendant,€causing€theÐ ŽÞ ÐDefendant€to€run€off€the€road€and€hit€a€stop€sign.€€The€Defendant€said€that€after€hitting€the€sign,€heÐ tÄ Ð"was€scared€because€[his]€mother€had€just€got€[sic]€the€car€a€few€months€prior€to€that."€€He€testified,Ð Zª Ð"And€I€was€mad€at€the€same€time.€€And€I€just€lost€all€contact€with€what€I€was€thinking€about.€€I€justÐ @ Ðautomatically€wanted€to€chase€them€down€and€fight€them."€€When€the€truck€stopped€by€a€Krystal'sÐ &v Ðrestaurant,€the€Defendant€pulled€up€behind€it,€and€Mr.€Rodriguez€jumped€out€and€tried€to€get€up€byÐ  \ Ðthe€driver's€side€window€of€the€truck.€€The€truck€pulled€away,€and€the€Defendant€chased€after€it,Ð òB Ðleaving€Mr.€Rodriguez.€€When€asked€why€he€abandoned€Mr.€Rodriguez,€the€Defendant€replied,€"IÐ Ø( Ðreally€don't€know.€€I€just€kept€following€them.€€I€was€mad.€€I€just€wanted€to€follow€them."Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àMr.€Utmore,€who€was€still€in€the€car,€crawled€from€the€back€seat€into€the€passenger's€seat.€Ð Š Ú ÐThe€Defendant€continued€to€follow€the€truck€through€sharp€curves,€going€fifty„five€to€sixty€miles€Ô_ÔperÐ p!À  Ðhour.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€used€the€Defendant's€gun€to€fire€a€shot€out€the€window.€€The€Defendant€said,€"IÐ V"¦! Ðwas€enraged.€€I€just€wanted€to€catch€up€to€them.€€I€just€wanted€to€fight€them.€€I€really€don't€rememberÐ <#Œ" Ðmuch€else€besides€wanting€to€fight€them."€€The€Defendant€admitted€firing€one€shot€out€of€hisÐ "$r# Ðwindow,€but€he€testified€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€did€most€of€the€shooting.€€He€said€that€while€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_ÔÐ %X $ Ðwas€shooting,€the€truck€hit€a€sign€and€ran€off€the€road€into€a€field.€€The€truck€came€out€of€the€field,Ð î%>!% Ðand€the€Defendant€kept€following€it.€€The€truck€hit€the€brakes,€and€the€Defendant€ran€into€it.€€TheÐ Ô&$"& Ðtruck€ran€off€the€road€into€a€ditch.€€Ð º' #' ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€said€he€pulled€up€at€the€Ô_ÔOlkowskisÔ_Ô'€house€and€got€out€of€the€car.€€He€had€theÐ †)Ö$) Ðgun€concealed€inside€his€coat€pocket.€€The€Defendant€said€he€did€not€remember€much€that€happenedÐ l*¼%* Ðafter€he€stopped,€but€he€remembered€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€going€into€the€truck€and€taking€the€radio.€€He€saidÐ R+¢&+ Ðthat€he€was€standing€by€the€truck,€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€threw€him€a€can€that€had€coins€in€it.€€TheÐ 8,ˆ', ÐDefendant€shook€the€can€and€threw€it€down.€€The€Defendant€testified€that€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_ÔÐ ° Ðcame€around€the€side€of€the€house,€and€"when€I€saw€them,€all€that€„„€everything€just€went€blank,€andÐ –æ ÐI€chased€after€them."€€The€Defendant€stated€that€he€did€not€remember€seeing€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€until€Mr.Ð |Ì ÐÔ_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€had€tackled€him€after€he€shot€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€€He€did€not€recall€pointing€his€gun€at€Mr.Ð b² ÐÔ_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€and€pulling€the€trigger€before€shooting€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€€He€said€that€he€rememberedÐ H˜ Ðshooting€at€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô,€but€he€did€not€realize€that€he€had€shot€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€until€the€next€day.€€HeÐ . ~ Ðsaid€that€he€thought€he€saw€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€reach€into€his€belt,€and€then€he€shot€one€time€at€Mr.Ð  d ÐÔ_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€€After€that,€he€was€tackled€by€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô.€€Ð ú J ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€gave€two€statements€to€the€police:€€one€at€the€hospital€and€one€at€the€policeÐ Æ   Ðstation.€€He€said€that€he€remembered€giving€the€statement€at€the€police€station,€but€he€did€notÐ ¬ ü  Ðremember€giving€the€statement€at€the€hospital.€€In€the€second€statement,€the€Defendant€stated,€"JamieÐ ’â  ÐÔ_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€is€an€enemy€of€ours€so€we€apprehended€him."€€On€cross„examination,€the€DefendantÐ xÈ  Ðadmitted€that€he€knew€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€and€that€it€was€a€fair€statement€to€say€that€Mr.€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô€was€anÐ ^®  Ðenemy€of€his.€€Also€in€the€second€statement,€the€Defendant€said,€Ð D”  ÐÌà8  àWhen€we€got€there€I€was€so€mad€at€Jamie€[Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô]€and€Stout€that€I€wanted€to€fightÐ ` Ðbut€by€wrecking€my€car€it€triggered€a€whole€new€anger€in€me€and€I€wanted€to€shootÐ öF Ðthem.€€Then€the€owner€of€the€land€got€in€my€way€and€I€pulled€the€gun€on€him.€€HeÐ Ü, Ðthen€beat€my€ass.€€I€also€pulled€the€trigger€on€him€but€the€gun€jammed.€€When€IÐ Â Ðstarted€the€chase€it€was€over€Daniel€Rodriguez€because€he€didn't€like€either€of€theÐ ¨ø Ðboys€in€the€truck.€€It€ended€up€the€way€it€did€because€while€chasing€them€I€wreckedÐ ŽÞ Ðmy€mother's€new€car,€which€brought€anger€upon€me,€which€ended€up€the€way€it€did.€Ð tÄ Ѐ€€€€€€€€ÐZªÐ Ð  ÐÔ_ÔAtÔ_Ô€trial,€the€Defendant€testified€that€when€he€stated€he€pulled€the€gun€on€the€owner€of€the€land,€heÐ @ Ðmeant€that€he€tried€to€shoot€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€when€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€tackled€him.€€He€said€he€did€notÐ &v Ðremember€trying€to€shoot€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€at€any€other€time.€€€€€Ð  \ Ðà  à€€€€€€€€Ð òB Ðà  àDr.€Charles€Harlan€was€called€to€testify€because€he€performed€the€autopsy€on€Jamie€Ô_ÔHelmickÔ_Ô.€Ð Ø( ÐWhile€on€the€stand,€Dr.€Harlan€was€asked€about€the€effects€of€the€drug€Ô_ÔXanaxÔ_Ô.€€Dr.€Harlan€testifiedÐ ¾ Ðthat€Ô_ÔXanaxÔ_Ô€"would€have€an€anti„anxiety€effect€upon€the€central€nervous€system€and€would€cause€aÐ ¤ô Ðperson€to€be€less€anxious."€€He€agreed€that€Ô_ÔXanaxÔ_Ô€could€make€a€person€appear€calm€and€lethargic.€Ð Š Ú ÐWhen€asked€whether€Ô_ÔXanaxÔ_Ô€could€cause€someone€to€become€"irrational"€and€"heighten€some€episodeÐ p!À  Ðof€passion,"€Dr.€Harlan€replied,€"That€is€not€a€commonly€found€effect.€.€.€.€Ô_ÔXanaxÔ_Ô€does€not€normallyÐ V"¦! Ðhave€that€effect.€€There€are€different€cases€reported€in€the€literature€where€rare€instances€of€almostÐ <#Œ" Ðanything€can€occur."€€Dr.€Harlan€testified€that€a€person€who€had€ingested€a€large€amount€of€Ô_ÔXanaxÔ_ÔÐ "$r# Ðat€one€time€"would€probably€become€sleepy."€€When€asked€if€a€large€amount€would€have€any€otherÐ %X $ Ðeffect€on€that€person,€Dr.€Harlan€testified,€"Probably€not€much."€€However,€he€said€that€if€the€personÐ î%>!% Ðtook€enough€of€it,€it€could€eventually€cause€death.€€€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÌà@ç ç ìàSUFFICIENCY€OF€THE€EVIDENCEˆÐ  (ð#( ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€first€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence.€€Ô‡Xe<XXXe<ÔTennessee€RuleÐ l*¼%* Ðof€Appellate€Procedure€13(e)€prescribes€that€ð ð[Ô_Ôf]indingsÔ_Ô€of€guilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€theÐ R+¢&+ Ðtrial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trierÐ 8,ˆ', Ðof€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€Evidence€is€sufficient€if,€after€reviewing€the€evidenceÐ ° Ðin€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essentialÐ –æ Ðelements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€Ð |Ì ÐIn€addition,€because€conviction€by€a€trier€of€fact€destroys€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€imposesÐ b² Ða€presumption€of€guilt,€a€convicted€criminal€defendant€bears€the€burden€of€showing€that€the€evidenceÐ H˜ Ðwas€insufficient.€€òòÔ_ÔMcBeeÔ_Ô€v.€Stateóó,€372€S.W.2d€173,€176€(Tenn.€1963);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838Ð . ~ ÐS.W.2d€185,€191€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1976),€and€òòStateÐ  d Ðv.€Brownóó,€551€S.W.2d€329,€331€(Tenn.€1977));€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);Ð ú J ÐòòHolt€v.€Stateóó,€357€S.W.2d€57,€61€(Tenn.€1962).Ð à 0 ÐÌà  àIn€its€review€of€the€evidence,€an€appellate€court€must€afford€the€State€ð ðthe€strongestÐ ¬ ü  Ðlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€as€well€as€all€reasonable€and€legitimate€inferences€that€may€be€drawnÐ ’â  Ðtherefrom.ðð€€òòÔ_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914€(citing€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835€(Tenn.Ð xÈ  Ð1978)).€€The€court€may€not€ð ðre„weigh€or€re„evaluate€the€evidenceðð€in€the€record€below.€€òòEvansóó,€838Ð ^®  ÐS.W.2d€at€191€(citing€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€836).€€Likewise,€should€the€reviewing€court€findÐ D”  Ðparticular€conflicts€in€the€trial€testimony,€the€court€must€resolve€them€in€favor€of€the€jury€verdict€orÐ *z  Ðtrial€court€judgment.€€òòÔ_ÔTuggleÔ_Ôóó,€639€S.W.2d€at€914.€€All€questions€involving€the€credibility€ofÐ ` Ðwitnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€theÐ öF Ðtrier€of€fact,€not€the€appellate€courts.€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔPappasÔ_Ôóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð Ü, Ð1987).Ô#†Xe<XXXe<9x#Ô€€€Ð  ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€any€of€his€convictionsÐ ŽÞ Ðwith€the€exception€of€possession€of€a€firearm€with€an€altered€serial€number.€€However,€he€makes€noÐ tÄ Ðargument€regarding€the€two€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions.€€Accordingly,€any€issueÐ Zª Ðregarding€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€of€the€two€attempted€first€degree€murder€convictions€isÐ @ Ðwaived.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Ct.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€R.€10(b);€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔKillebrewÔ_Ôóó,€760€S.W.2d€228,€231€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð &v ÐApp.€1988).€€As€to€his€other€convictions,€we€will€address€each€conviction€separately,€beginning€withÐ  \ Ðfirst€degree€premeditated€murder.€€Ð òB ÐÌÔ_Ôà  àTo€establish€the€Defendant's€guilt€of€first€degree€premeditated€murder,€the€State€was€requiredÐ ¾ Ðto€prove€that€the€Defendant€intentionally€and€with€premeditation€killed€Jamie€Helmick.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.Ð ¤ô ÐCode€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1).€€Premeditation€is€"an€act€done€after€the€exercise€of€reflection€andÐ Š Ú Ðjudgment.€'Premeditation'€means€that€the€intent€to€kill€must€have€been€formed€prior€to€the€act€itself."€Ð p!À  ÐòòId.óó€ðð€39„13„202(d).€€When€determining€whether€premeditation€is€present,€the€"mental€state€of€theÐ V"¦! Ðaccused€at€the€time€the€accused€allegedly€decided€to€kill€must€be€carefully€considered€in€order€toÐ <#Œ" Ðdetermine€whether€the€accused€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€be€capableÐ "$r# Ðof€premeditation."€€òòId.óó€€Ð %X $ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€State€did€not€prove€premeditation€because€the€evidence€didÐ Ô&$"& Ðnot€establish€that€he€was€"sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion"€when€he€killed€Mr.Ð º' #' ÐHelmick.€€He€points€to€his€own€testimony€in€which€he€said€that€he€was€"enraged"€and€that€he€did€notÐ  (ð#( Ðremember€much€except€wanting€"to€fight€them."€€However,€the€jury€was€not€required€to€accept€theÐ †)Ö$) ÐDefendant's€testimony.€€Looking€at€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€evidenceÐ l*¼%* Ðestablished€that€the€Defendant€began€a€high€speed€chase€for€the€sole€reason€that€one€of€his€passengersÐ R+¢&+ Ðhad€a€"problem"€with€one€or€both€of€the€occupants€of€a€blue€truck.€€The€Defendant€continued€theÐ 8,ˆ', Ðchase€after€the€passenger€with€the€"problem"€exited€the€vehicle.€€During€the€chase,€both€theÐ ° ÐDefendant€and€Mr.€Utmore€fired€shots€at€the€blue€truck.€€Upon€seeing€Mr.€Helmick€and€Mr.€Stout€Ð –æ Ðat€the€Olkowskiððs€house€the€Defendant€immediately€started€shooting€at€the€young€men€and€chasingÐ |Ì Ðthem.€€After€shooting€Mr.€Helmick€one€time,€the€Defendant's€gun€jammed.€€He€attempted€to€clearÐ b² Ðthe€jam€and€was€starting€to€shoot€Mr.€Helmick€again€when€he€was€tackled€by€Mr.€Olkowski.€€Mr.Ð H˜ ÐOlkowski€testified€that€when€he€talked€to€the€Defendant€before€the€Defendant€shot€Mr.€Helmick,€theÐ . ~ ÐDefendant€was€"sure€of€himself,"€"steady,"€and€seemed€to€have€a€"purpose."€€From€this€evidence,Ð  d Ða€rational€jury€could€have€determined€that€the€Defendant€formed€the€intent€to€kill€after€the€exerciseÐ ú J Ðof€reflection€and€judgment€and€that€he€was€sufficiently€free€from€excitement€and€passion€as€to€beÐ à 0 Ðable€to€premeditate.€€Therefore,€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€verdict.€€€Ð Æ   ÐÌà  àTo€establish€that€the€Defendant€was€guilty€of€felony€murder,€the€State€had€to€prove€that€theÐ ’â  ÐDefendant€killed€Mr.€Helmick€"in€the€perpetration€of€or€attempt€to€perpetrate€any€.€.€.€burglary."€€òòId.óóÐ xÈ  Ððð€39„13„202(a)(2).€€The€Defendant€asserts€that€felony€murder€was€not€established€because€theÐ ^®  Ðburglary€of€Mr.€Stout's€automobile€was€separate,€distinct,€and€independent€from€the€killing.€€WeÐ D”  Ðdisagree.€€Mr.€Olkowski€testified€that€Mr.€Utmore€suggested€to€the€Defendant€that€they€look€insideÐ *z  ÐMr.€Stout's€truck€for€a€CD€player€or€something€else€of€value€to€help€pay€for€damages€done€to€theÐ ` ÐDefendant's€mother's€car.€€After€that€suggestion,€Mr.€Utmore€entered€the€truck,€followed€by€theÐ öF ÐDefendant.€€Both€the€Defendant€and€Mr.€Utmore€were€in€the€truck"working€on€odds€and€ends,€justÐ Ü, Ðseeing€what€was€in€there."€€When€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Helmick€came€around€the€side€of€the€house€andÐ Â Ðyelled€at€the€Defendant€and€Mr.€Utmore€to€get€out€of€the€truck,€the€Defendant€complied,€coming€outÐ ¨ø Ðof€the€truck€with€a€gun.€€He€then€immediately€proceeded€to€shoot€at€Mr.€Stout€and€Mr.€Helmick,Ð ŽÞ Ðultimately€killing€Mr.€Helmick.€€A€rational€jury€could€have€thus€found€that€the€Defendant€killed€Mr.Ð tÄ ÐHelmick€during€the€perpetration€of€a€burglary€of€Mr.€Stout's€truck.Ð Zª ÐÌà  àAlso,€the€Defendant€asserts€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€support€the€convictions€forÐ &v Ðburglary€of€an€automobile€and€for€theft.€€A€person€commits€the€offense€of€burglary€when€that€Ô_ÔpersonÐ  \ Ðenters€an€automobile€without€the€effective€consent€of€the€property€owner€"with€intent€to€commit€aÐ òB Ðfelony,€theft€or€assault."€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„14„402(a)(4).€€A€person€commits€the€offense€of€theft€"if,€withÐ Ø( Ðintent€to€deprive€the€owner€of€property,€the€person€knowingly€obtains€or€exercises€control€over€theÐ ¾ Ðproperty€without€the€owner's€effective€consent."€€òòId.óó€ðð€39„14„103.€€The€Defendant€asserts€that€theÐ ¤ô Ðevidence€did€not€establish€that€he€entered€the€blue€truck€with€the€intent€to€commit€theft.€€However,Ð Š Ú ÐMr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô€testified€that€after€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€suggested€to€the€Defendant€that€they€search€the€truckÐ p!À  Ðfor€something€of€value,€both€Mr.€Ô_ÔUtmoreÔ_Ô€and€the€Defendant€entered€the€truck€and€started€lookingÐ V"¦! Ðaround.€€Mr.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô,€Ms.€Ô_ÔOlkowskiÔ_Ô,€and€Mr.€Stout€placed€the€Defendant€inside€the€truck.€€TheÐ <#Œ" ÐDefendant€did€not€have€permission€to€be€in€Mr.€Stout's€truck.€€From€this€evidence,€a€rational€juryÐ "$r# Ðcould€have€found€that€the€Defendant€entered€Mr.€Stout's€truck€with€the€intent€to€commit€theft.€€InÐ %X $ Ðaddition,€the€evidence€established€that€a€radio€and€a€jar€of€game€tokens€were€removed€from€Mr.Ð î%>!% ÐStout's€truck.€€A€rational€jury€could€have€likewise€found€the€Defendant€guilty€of€theft.€€Accordingly,Ð Ô&$"& Ðthe€evidence€is€sufficient€to€support€the€convictions.Ð º' #' ÐÌà@  ìàJURY€CHARGE€ON€FIRST€DEGREE€MURDERˆÐ †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€charging€the€jury€with€first€degreeÐ R+¢&+ Ðpremeditated€murder€and€with€felony€murder.€€He€asserts€that€because€the€evidence€was€insufficientÐ 8,ˆ', Ðto€support€either€type€of€first€degree€murder,€the€trial€court€erred€by€instructing€the€jury€on€firstÐ ° Ðdegree€murder.€€Based€on€our€resolution€of€the€Defendant's€first€issue,€this€argument€must€fail.€€WeÐ –æ Ðhave€already€determined€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction€for€both€first€degreeÐ |Ì Ðpremeditated€murder€and€felony€murder;€thus,€it€was€appropriate€and€proper€for€the€trial€court€toÐ b² Ðinstruct€the€jury€on€those€offenses.Ð H˜ ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€instructing€the€jury€on€both€types€ofÐ  d Ðfirst€degree€murder€because€it€allowed€the€State€two€"bites€at€the€apple"€to€convict€him€of€first€degreeÐ ú J Ðmurder€and€"gave€the€jury€the€impression€that€they€had€to€convict€Mr.€Ô_ÔSchmiedererÔ_Ô€of€something."€Ð à 0 ÐHe€asserts€that€the€State€was€required€to€elect€between€offenses.€€He€does€not,€however,€cite€anyÐ Æ   Ðauthority€in€support€of€his€position.€€For€this€reason,€the€issue€is€waived.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Ct.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.Ð ¬ ü  ÐR.€10(b);€òòÔ_ÔKillebrewÔ_Ôóó,€760€S.W.2d€at€231.€€Nevertheless,€we€note€that€our€supreme€court€has€held€thatÐ ’â  Ðthe€State€is€not€required€to€elect€between€first€degree€premeditated€murder€and€felony€murderÐ xÈ  Ðcharged€in€separate€counts€of€the€indictment€for€a€single€offense,€and€both€theories€of€first€degreeÐ ^®  Ðmurder€may€be€submitted€to€the€jury.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Hurleyóó,€876€S.W.2d€57,€69„70€(Tenn.€1993);€òòStateÐ D”  Ðv.€Henleyóó,€774€S.W.2d€908,€916€(Tenn.€1989)òòóó;€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔZirkleÔ_Ôóó,€910€S.W.2d€874,€889€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.Ð *z  ÐApp.€1995);€òòWelch€v.€Stateóó,€836€S.W.2d€586,€589€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1992).€Ð ` ÐÌà@hhìàLESSER€INCLUDED€OFFENSESˆÐ Ü, ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€next€asserts€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€failing€to€instruct€the€jury€onÐ ¨ø Ðadditional€lesser€included€offenses.€€Specifically,€he€asserts€that€the€jury€should€have€been€instructedÐ ŽÞ Ðon€criminally€negligent€homicide,€reckless€homicide,€aggravated€assault,€felony€recklessÐ tÄ Ðendangerment,€and€misdemeanor€reckless€endangerment€as€lesser€included€offenses€of€first€degreeÐ Zª Ðpremeditated€murder.׃×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€He€also€asserts€that€the€jury€should€have€been€instructed€on€aggravatedÐ @ Ðassault,€attempted€aggravated€assault,€felony€reckless€endangerment,€misdemeanor€recklessÐ &v Ðendangerment,€and€attempted€reckless€endangerment€as€lesser€included€offenses€of€attempted€firstÐ  \ Ðdegree€premeditated€murder.׃N×Ý ƒ*#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€However,€the€Defendant€failed€to€include€this€issue€in€his€motion€forÐ òB Ða€new€trial.€€Therefore,€this€issue€has€been€waived.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Clintonóó,Ð Ø( Ð754€S.W.2d€100,€103€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1988).Ð ¾ ÐÌà  àNotwithstanding,€while€we€decline€to€consider€whether€the€trial€court€should€have€instructedÐ Š Ú Ðthe€jury€on€the€offenses€set€forth€by€the€Defendant,€we€do€hold€that€any€error€in€instructing€the€juryÐ p!À  Ðon€additional€lesser€included€offenses€was€harmless.€€Our€supreme€court€has€held€that€"by€findingÐ V"¦! Ðthe€defendant€guilty€of€the€highest€offense€to€the€exclusion€of€the€immediately€lesser€offense€.€.€.€theÐ <#Œ" Ðjury€necessarily€rejected€all€other€lesser€offenses."€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€977€S.W.2d€101,€106€(Tenn.Ð "$r# Ð1998).€€In€òòWilliamsóó,€the€defendant€was€charged€with€and€convicted€of€first€degree€murder,€and€theÐ %X $ Ðjury€was€given€instructions€on€first€degree€murder€and€second€degree€murder.€€òòId.óó€€In€finding€theÐ î%>!% Ðfailure€to€instruct€the€jury€on€voluntary€manslaughter€harmless,€the€supreme€court€stated,€Ð Ô&$"& ÐÐ º' #' Ðà8  à[Ô_ÔT]heÔ_Ô€trial€court's€erroneous€failure€to€charge€voluntary€manslaughter€is€harmlessÐ ° Ðbeyond€a€reasonable€doubt€because€the€jury's€verdict€of€guilt€on€the€greater€offenseÐ –æ Ðof€first€degree€murder€and€its€disinclination€to€consider€the€lesser€included€offenseÐ |Ì Ðof€second€degree€murder€clearly€demonstrates€that€it€certainly€would€not€haveÐ b² Ðreturned€a€verdict€on€voluntary€manslaughter.ÐH˜Ð Ð  ÐÌòòId.óó€€Here,€the€jury€was€instructed€on€two€lesser€included€offenses€of€both€first€degree€premeditatedÐ  d Ðmurder€and€attempted€first€degree€premeditated€murder.€€By€convicting€the€Defendant€of€the€highestÐ ú J Ðoffense,€the€jury€necessarily€rejected€all€lesser€offenses,€including€those€set€forth€by€the€DefendantÐ à 0 Ðon€appeal.€€Thus,€any€alleged€error€would€be€harmless.Ð Æ   ÐÌà@yy%ìàSENTENCINGˆÐ ’â  ÐÌà  àFinally,€the€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€imposing€the€maximum€sentenceÐ ^®  Ðfor€the€two€counts€of€attempted€first€degree€premeditated€murder€and€burglary€of€an€automobile€andÐ D”  Ðby€ordering€three€of€the€felony€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively.€€Ô‡Xe<XXXe<ÔWhen€an€accused€challengesÐ *z  Ðthe€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóóÐ ` Ðreview€of€the€sentence€with€a€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€Ð öF ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€ð ðconditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showingÐ Ü, Ðin€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÐ Â Ðcircumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ô_ÔAshbyÔ_Ôóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àWhen€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider:€(a)€the€evidence,Ð tÄ Ðif€any,€received€at€the€trial€and€sentencing€hearing;€(b)€the€Ô_ÔpresentenceÔ_Ô€report;€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ Zª Ðsentencing€and€arguments€as€to€sentencing€alternatives;€(d)€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€theÐ @ Ðcriminal€conduct€involved;€(e)€any€statutory€mitigating€or€enhancement€factors;€(f)€any€statementÐ &v Ðmade€by€the€defendant€regarding€sentencing;€and€(g)€the€potential€or€lack€of€potential€forÐ  \ Ðrehabilitation€or€treatment.€€òòState€v.€Thomasóó,€755€S.W.2d€838,€844€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1988);€Tenn.Ð òB ÐCode€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„102,€„103,€„210.Ð Ø( ÐÌà  àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€that€theÐ ¤ô Ðcourt€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€and€proper€weight€to€theÐ Š Ú Ðfactors€and€principles€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€that€the€trial€courtððs€findings€of€fact€areÐ p!À  Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€may€not€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€haveÐ V"¦! Ðpreferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.€Fletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Ô_ÔCrimÔ_Ô.€App.€1991).Ð <#Œ" ÐÌà  àThe€presumptive€sentence€for€a€Class€A€felony€is€the€midpoint€in€the€range€if€there€are€noÐ %X $ Ðenhancement€or€mitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(c).€€The€presumptive€sentence€forÐ î%>!% Ða€Class€B,€C,€D,€or€E€felony€is€the€minimum€sentence€in€the€range€if€there€are€no€enhancement€orÐ Ô&$"& Ðmitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€€When€determining€the€proper€sentence€length,€the€trial€court€is€to€start€at€theÐ º' #' Ðpresumptive€sentence,€enhance€the€sentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€the€enhancementÐ  (ð#( Ðfactors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€within€the€range€as€appropriate€for€mitigating€factors.€€òòId.óó€ðð€40„Ð †)Ö$) Ð35„210(e).€€€Ð l*¼%* Ðâ âÔ#†Xe<XXXe!% Ðfrom€the€mid„point€in€the€range,€twenty€years,€to€the€maximum€in€the€range,€twenty„five€years.€€òòSeeóóÐ Ô&$"& Ðòòid.óó€ðð€40„35„112(a)(1).€€We€likewise€conclude€that€the€trial€court€properly€enhanced€the€Defendant'sÐ º' #' Ðsentence€for€burglary€of€an€automobile€from€the€minimum€in€the€range,€one€year,€to€the€maximumÐ  (ð#( Ðin€the€range,€two€years.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€ðð€40„35„112(a)(5).€€€Ð †)Ö$) ÐÌà  àThe€Defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€ordering€the€two€attempted€first€degreeÐ R+¢&+ Ðmurder€convictions€to€be€served€consecutive€to€each€other€and€consecutive€to€his€first€degree€murderÐ 8,ˆ', Ðconviction.€€According€to€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„115(b),€a€court€may€orderÐ ° Ðsentences€to€run€consecutively€if€the€court€finds€by€a€preponderance€of€the€evidence€that€Ð –æ ÐÌà8  à(2)€The€defendant€is€an€offender€whose€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive;Ðb²Ð Ð  Ðà  à.€.€.€[or,]Ð H˜ Ðà8  à(4)€The€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender€whose€behavior€indicates€little€or€no€regardÐ . ~ Ðfor€human€life,€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€toÐ  d Ðhuman€life€is€high.Ðú JÐ Ð  ÐÌIn€ordering€the€sentences€to€be€served€consecutively,€the€trial€court€stated,€Ð Æ   ÐÌà8  àà ` àThe€Court€does€find€that€although€it€be€a€juvenile€record,€the€defendant'sÐ ’â  Ðrecord€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive.ÐxÈ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà ` àAnd€the€Court€does€find€that€the€defendant€is€a€dangerous€offender,€whoseÐ ^®  Ðbehavior€indicates€little€or€no€regard€for€human€life€and€no€hesitation€aboutÐ D”  Ðcommitting€a€crime€in€which€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.€€And€the€CourtÐ *z  Ðspecifically€finds€that€incarceration€of€this€defendant€is€necessary€for€the€protectionÐ ` Ðof€society.ÐöFÐ Ð  Ðà8  àà ` à€For€those€reasons,€the€Court€will€sentence€the€defendant€„„€.€.€.€the€twoÐ Ü, Ðcharges€of€attempted€murder€in€the€first€degree€shall€run€consecutively€to€one€anotherÐ Â Ðand€consecutively€to€the€life€sentence€that€the€defendant€has.ШøÐ Ð  ÐÔ_ÔÌThus,€the€trial€court€ordered€consecutive€sentencing€based€on€its€findings€that€the€Defendant€has€anÐ tÄ Ðextensive€criminal€record€and€that€the€Defendant€is€a€"dangerous€offender."€€We€believe€that€theÐ Zª Ðrecord€supports€both€findings.Ð @ ÐÌà  àWhile€the€Defendant's€prior€criminal€record€consists€entirely€of€juvenile€offenses,€it€isÐ  \ Ðcertainly€extensive.€€At€the€age€of€fifteen,€the€Defendant€had€acquired€fourteen€juvenile€offenses,Ð òB Ðeleven€of€which€would€have€been€felonies€had€the€Defendant€been€an€adult.€€He€was€ultimatelyÐ Ø( Ðcommitted€to€the€Department€of€Youth€Development€until€his€nineteenth€birthday,€but€was€releasedÐ ¾ Ðon€March€27,€1998,€seven€months€prior€to€his€nineteenth€birthday.€€The€offenses€in€the€present€caseÐ ¤ô Ðwere€committed€on€October€9,€1998,€just€a€little€over€six€months€from€the€time€he€was€released€fromÐ Š Ú ÐState€custody€and€just€twenty€days€prior€to€his€nineteenth€birthday.€€We€believe€this€prior€historyÐ p!À  Ðindicates€the€Defendant's€tendency€to€commit€crimes€when€he€is€not€physically€prevented€from€doingÐ V"¦! Ðso.€€Thus,€the€trial€court's€finding€that€the€Defendantððs€record€of€criminal€activity€is€extensive€isÐ <#Œ" Ðadequately€supported€by€the€record,€making€consecutive€sentences€appropriate.Ð "$r# ÐÌà  àAlso,€although€the€trial€court€did€not€expound€on€its€reasons€for€finding€the€Defendant€to€beÐ î%>!% Ða€"dangerous€offender,"€we€believe€that€the€record€supports€the€trial€court's€conclusion€that€theÐ Ô&$"& ÐDefendant€is€subject€to€consecutive€sentencing€because€he€is€a€"dangerous€offender."€€The€offensesÐ º' #' Ðcommitted€in€the€present€case€show€that€the€Defendant€is€an€offender€who€has€little€or€no€regard€forÐ  (ð#( Ðhuman€life€and€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€is€high.€€HeÐ †)Ö$) Ðengaged€in€a€high€speed€chase€for€no€reason€other€than€one€of€his€friends€had€a€"problem"€with€theÐ l*¼%* Ðpeople€in€a€blue€truck.€€The€Defendant€admitted€that€he€had€no€personal€reason€to€confront€or€fightÐ R+¢&+ Ðthe€men€in€the€blue€truck.€€He€wanted€to€fight€because€his€friend€wanted€to€fight.€€He€wanted€to€fightÐ 8,ˆ', Ðso€badly€that€he€abandoned€his€friend€on€the€side€of€the€road€and€continued€pursuing€the€blue€truckÐ ° Ðfor€about€twenty€miles,€shooting€at€the€truck€out€his€window.€€When€the€blue€truck€ran€into€a€ditch,Ð –æ Ðthe€Defendant€stopped,€pulled€his€gun€on€a€total€stranger,€and€pulled€the€trigger.€€He€appearedÐ |Ì Ðsurprised€when€the€gun€did€not€fire€and€kill€the€stranger.€€When€Mr.€Helmick€and€Mr.€StoutÐ b² Ðappeared,€the€Defendant€immediately€started€shooting€at€them€and€chasing€them.€€He€aimed€his€gunÐ H˜ Ðat€Mr.€Helmick€and€pulled€the€trigger,€killing€Mr.€Helmick.€€These€actions€clearly€indicate€theÐ . ~ ÐDefendant's€little€regard€for€human€life.€€Ð  d ÐÌà  àHowever,€finding€the€Defendant€to€be€a€"dangerous€offender,"€standing€alone,€is€notÐ à 0 Ðsufficient€to€support€consecutive€sentences.€€In€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933€(Tenn.€1995),Ð Æ   Ðour€supreme€court€set€forth€two€additional€requirements€for€consecutive€sentences€when€theÐ ¬ ü  Ðdefendant€is€a€"dangerous€offender":€the€trial€court€must€also€find€(1)€"that€an€extended€sentence€isÐ ’â  Ðnecessary€to€protect€the€public€against€further€criminal€conduct€by€the€defendant,"€and€(2)€"that€theÐ xÈ  Ðconsecutive€sentences€.€.€.€reasonably€relate€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed."€€òòId.óó€at€939.€Ð ^®  ÐThe€requirement€of€additional€findings€when€the€defendant€is€a€"dangerous€offender"€"arises€fromÐ D”  Ðthe€fact€that€of€all€of€the€categories€for€consecutive€sentencing,€the€dangerous€offender€category€isÐ *z  Ðthe€most€subjective€and€hardest€to€apply."€€òòState€v.€Laneóó,€3€S.W.3d€456,€461€(Tenn.€1999).€€The€otherÐ ` Ðcategories€for€consecutive€sentencing€have€"self„contained€limits";€thus,€the€additional€findings€areÐ öF Ðlimited€to€cases€involving€consecutive€sentencing€of€"dangerous€offenders."€€òòId.óó€€€òòóó€€Ð Ü, Ðà  àÌà  àNotwithstanding,€we€believe€that€the€additional€requirements€have€been€met.€€As€weÐ ¨ø Ðpreviously€noted,€the€Defendant's€prior€history€of€criminal€activity€indicates€his€tendency€to€commitÐ ŽÞ Ðcrimes€when€not€physically€restrained.€€This€not€only€establishes€the€Defendant's€criminal€history,Ð tÄ Ðbut€it€shows€that€an€extended€period€of€incarceration€is€necessary€to€protect€the€public€from€theÐ Zª ÐDefendant's€criminal€actions.€€We€also€conclude€that€consecutive€sentences€are€reasonably€relatedÐ @ Ðto€the€severity€of€the€offenses.€€The€Defendant€had€no€qualms€about€chasing€another€vehicle,Ð &v Ðshooting€at€the€vehicle,€trying€to€shoot€a€complete€stranger€who€was€assisting€the€individuals€in€theÐ  \ Ðvehicle,€and€shooting€and€killing€Jamie€Helmick.€€Thus,€based€on€the€severity€of€the€offenses€andÐ òB Ðthe€need€to€protect€society€from€further€criminal€activity,€we€believe€the€trial€court€was€justified€inÐ Ø( Ðordering€the€Defendant€to€serve€three€of€his€sentences€consecutively.€Ô_ÔÐ ¾ ÐÌà  àAccordingly,€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court€is€affirmed.Ð Š Ú Ðà  à€Ð p!À  ÐÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð %X $ Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àDAVID€H.€WELLES,€JUDGE