ÿWPC+ ÖÁv°ç&&5›}¢Ï#ØóJÝ?{HôåT*²ì&=5æ5T©­eé8€欩_€í3/D+ºÑyÅf 懖Í$Ò|«uê?/lŽUkOØG1³§!h¡ßäþ-çŸÅÆ%‘ņ€C·¾ ŸâŽpŠJ ¶¾SºNùÇ£Nˆ ²b½èеù;@0ÀýŒ÷¨DNÔ+» ¶ž3Pì)|ÙÞ öð§()÷”Rb² Æ]PðC0r‹3WΩößâö­¸Íß›‘F;ñ•ï1]§Yضôåä”R ®–›ºÝø'î+2˳LÀÎ<äáRt<¡ïLêÄo{q|%áO¦Â±gz Ý= 0,2%|h_Ì“ÑË2•§w5!b˜PœSƒà¼Šn¾×ǰÿÏé1LËîö~t‘×Ù"^x½‡Ie|mƒE×ÙOp2ñ‡¼ŒÎ×`¦€à%=ÖšÙÒZMƒMûùà|aUϾ2L rƒÑ>}¹ŒêéÄ4zÞ?Æ&·|cì;!g ‘5:'yøôõ[ëpGwVá[~Ò= ®¼¡ù«Ž¸õ–ÃÍö~J±M­ûPÝË•¹ÎÙqdƒz4pé“ÓsØ>&†ïà‚&v{zb#É\ %% ^ + 0ˆ7 UN¿ w 4 z% ÒŸ q € m‚ U@™ ÆÙ ÆŸ ÆeÆ+U>ñN/’11EÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃÃbÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅÅ 0YÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍÍ 0ë&&&& B 0¤. D5Ò D- 0K44 ASÆÒ 0¤˜ 0D< A«€˜\\IB01S02\CLERKJACÈÈ,,,,ÈÈ0»Bz=1Ï (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman Regular ~‰/ê:i¢×+00 ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5ô\  `‹&Times New Roman AMBRECOBeasleyBlakelyHagermanDuffinfianc)Kenia a]t i[nSchaferShantelPappasBolinSummerallAdkissonfactfinding i]tBREYERfianc)ehav[eApprendi- ù-6ÿÿ4HyperlinkóóòòÔ ÿ ÔóóÔ  Ô(|G2¯Q$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€€‰»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôºò»»Ô d(|3?$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€€‰»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV)ÿÿ!dxdx)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3?$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€€‰»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€€‰»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼€‰»»»ÔÑ8€ÎWXXdé»»d8Ñà@hhìàÔ‡îf>€‰ÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@òò%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼€‰»îîf>#ԈРÓ# ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€July€13,€2004Ð öF ÐÔ‡XÎWX»¼€‰ÔÌò òÔ#†¼€‰»XXÎW,#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€AMBRECO€SHAWÔ‡XÎWX»¼€‰Ôó óÐ ï? ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Criminal€Court€for€Shelby€CountyÐ é 9 Ðà@@øøìàNo.€02„05450€€€€€€James€C.€Beasley,€Jr.,€JudgeÐ Ó # ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<` AßÐ ‘á  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2003„02822„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€28,€Ô_Ô2004Ô_ÔÐ ŠÚ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<]` AßÐ ^®  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓThe€defendant,€Ambreco€Shaw,€was€convicted€by€a€Shelby€County€Criminal€Court€jury€of€secondÐ V¦  Ðdegree€murder,€a€Class€A€felony,€for€shooting€a€man€to€death€at€a€Memphis€public€housingÐ ? Ðdevelopment.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€him€as€a€standard,€violent€offender€to€twenty„four€years€inÐ (x Ðthe€Department€of€Correction,€applying€four€enhancement€factors€to€increase€his€sentence€from€theÐ a Ðpresumptive€twenty„year€midpoint€in€the€range.€€In€a€timely€filed€appeal€to€this€court,€the€defendantÐ úJ Ðraised€as€his€sole€issue€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€his€conviction.€€However,Ð ã3 Ðfollowing€the€United€States€Supreme€Courtððs€opinion€in€òòBlakely€v.€Washingtonóó,€542€U.S.€___€,€124Ð Ì ÐS.€Ct.€2531€(2004),€which€was€released€during€the€pendency€of€this€appeal,€the€defendant€sought€andÐ µ Ðreceived€permission€from€this€court€to€raise€as€an€additional€issue€the€impact€of€the€òòBlakelyóó€decisionÐ žî Ðon€the€sentencing€imposed€in€his€case.€€Based€on€our€review€of€the€record,€the€partiesðð€briefs,€andÐ ‡× Ðapplicable€law,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€sustain€the€defendantððs€convictionÐ pÀ Ðand€that€two€of€the€four€enhancement€factors€were€appropriately€applied€under€òòBlakelyóó.€€We€furtherÐ Y© Ðconclude€that€the€applicable€factors€justify€the€enhanced€sentence€in€the€case.€€òòóóAccordingly,€weÐ B’ Ðaffirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€Ô#†¼€‰»XXÎWš#ÔÔ‡XÎWX»¼€‰ÔÐ +{ ÐÓÉÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Criminal€Court€Affirmedó óÐ ýM ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼€‰»àXÎW? #ÔÔ‡XÎWX.¼€‰ÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòJohn€Everett€Williamsóó€andÐ Ð! ! ÐòòNorma€McGee€Ogle,€JJ.óó,€joined.Ð ¹" " ÐÌRobert€Wilson€Jones,€Shelby€County€Public€Defender;€W.€Mark€Ward,€Assistant€Public€DefenderÐ ‹$Û$ Ð(on€appeal);€and€Trent€Hall,€Assistant€Public€Defender€(at€trial),€for€the€appellant,€Ambreco€Shaw.Ð t%Ä % ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€Michael€Markham,€Assistant€Attorney€General;Ð F'–"' ÐWilliam€L.€Gibbons,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Paul€Hagerman€and€Nicole€Duffin,€AssistantÐ /(#( ÐDistrict€Attorneys€General,€for€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ô#†¼€‰»XXÎW #ÔÔ‡XÎWX»¼€‰Ô€Ð )h$) ÐÓñ ÓÌÌÌÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼€‰»XXÎW #ÔÔ‡XÎWX»¼€‰ÔÐ ¥-õ(.ý ÐÔ_Ô‡òòóóÔ#†¼€‰»XXÎW«#ÔÔ€XÎWX»¼€‰Ôòòò òÓ  ÓÓ  ÓFACTSóóó óÐ ° ÐÓNÓÌà  àOn€October€10,€2001,€the€defendant€shot€and€killed€the€twenty„eight„year„old€victim,Ð ƒÓ ÐMichael€Carter,€following€an€argument€that€occurred€on€the€balcony€outside€the€victimððs€girlfriendððsÐ l¼ Ðapartment.€€The€defendant€fled€after€the€shooting€and€remained€in€hiding€for€several€months,€but€wasÐ U¥ Ðeventually€captured€and€brought€to€trial€on€a€second€degree€murder€charge.€€Ð > Ž ÐÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò òòòTrialóóó óÐ  ` Ðòòò òó óóóÌà  àThe€victimððs€mother,€Mary€Carter,€testified€that€the€victim€left€her€home€on€the€morning€ofÐ ã 3  ÐOctober€10,€2001,€to€go€to€an€apartment€in€the€Dixie€Homes,€a€Memphis€public€housingÐ Ì   Ðdevelopment€where€his€girlfriend€lived€with€their€five„year„old€son.€€She€stated€that€she€receivedÐ µ  Ðword€later€that€day€that€the€victim€had€been€shot€and€was€at€the€hospital.€€Upon€her€arrival€at€theÐ žî  ÐRegional€Medical€Center,€the€hospital€chaplain€informed€her€that€the€victim€was€dead.€€Ð ‡×  ÐÌà  àThe€victimððs€fiance,€Kenia€White,€testified€she€and€the€victim€were€returning€to€her€secondÐ Y©  Ðstory€apartment€after€dropping€their€son€off€at€school€when€they€encountered€the€defendant,€whomÐ B’ Ðshe€knew€as€ð ðB,ðð€lounging€beside€the€balcony€in€front€of€ð ðReneeððsðð€apartment,€located€a€few€doorsÐ +{ Ðdown€from€her€home.€€The€victim€spoke€to€the€defendant,€telling€him€he€would€see€him€thatÐ d Ðafternoon,€and€she€and€the€victim€retired€to€her€apartment€to€sleep.€€At€about€2€p.m.,€the€victimððsÐ ýM Ðfriend,€Brian,€and€a€man€she€did€not€know€stopped€by€her€apartment.€€The€men€asked€the€victim€ifÐ æ6 Ðhe€knew€where€they€could€get€some€drugs,€and€he€replied€that€he€did€not€but€would€check€with€someÐ Ï Ðmen€at€Reneeððs€apartment.€€Ten€or€fifteen€minutes€after€the€victim€returned€from€Reneeððs€apartment,Ð ¸ Ðthe€defendant€came€to€Whiteððs€end€of€the€porch€and€ð ðin€broad€daylight€showed€Brian€the€dope€in€hisÐ ¡ñ Ðhand.ðð€Ð ŠÚ ÐÌà  àThe€victim€chastised€the€defendant,€telling€him€that€he€could€have€asked€to€step€inside€theÐ \¬ Ðdoorway€rather€than€conducting€his€transaction€in€front€of€their€apartment€door.€€White€explainedÐ E• Ðthat€her€apartment€building,€which€was€commonly€known€as€ð ðthe€dope€track,ðð€was€constantlyÐ .~ Ðpatrolled€by€the€police.€€Although€she€could€not€hear€the€defendantððs€response,€it€caused€theÐ g Ðdefendant€and€the€victim€to€ð ðhav[e]€words€with€each€otherðð€and€to€exchange€curses.€€She€calmed€theÐ  P Ðmen€down,€and€the€victim€told€the€defendant€to€keep€the€drugs€on€his€end€of€the€porch.€€TheÐ é 9 Ðdefendant€left,€and€the€victim€resumed€drinking€his€beer€and€talking€and€laughing€with€his€friends.€Ð Ò!"  ÐÌà  àWhite€estimated€it€was€ten€to€fifteen€minutes€later€when€the€frowning€defendant,€whose€t„Ð ¤#ô" Ðshirt€was€ð ðcocked€up€in€the€airðð€as€if€he€had€ð ðstuck€something€in€[his]€pants€and€.€.€.€forgot€to€putÐ $Ý# Ð[his]€t„shirt€down,ðð€met€her€and€her€son€as€they€were€headed€down€the€stairs€to€the€store.€€ThinkingÐ v%Æ $ Ðnothing€of€it€at€the€time,€she€continued€past€him€and€down€the€stairs.€€However,€when€she€heard€theÐ _&¯!% Ðvictim€curse€again€in€response€to€something€the€defendant€said,€she€stopped€at€the€bottom€of€theÐ H'˜"& Ðstairs€and€called€up€to€the€defendant,€ð ðDog,€boy,€you€that€mad€because€he€told€you€we€donððt€wantÐ 1(#' Ðyou€in€front€of€our€door?€€We€donððt€care€how€many€drugs€you€sell.€€Just€keep€it€away€from€in€frontÐ )j$( Ðof€our€door.ðð€€The€defendant€cursed€her€in€reply,€and€the€victim€told€her€to€stop€arguing€with€himÐ *S%) Ðand€to€continue€on€her€way.€€€Ð ì*<&* ÐÐ Õ+%'+ Ðà  àHearing€no€further€argument€between€the€men,€White€walked€to€her€car,€which€was€parkedÐ ° Ðin€front€of€the€stairs€to€her€apartment€building.€€At€about€the€time€she€inserted€her€key€in€the€carÐ ™é Ðdoor,€she€heard€gunshots,€looked€up,€and€saw€the€defendant€with€his€arm€extended€shooting€at€theÐ ‚Ò Ðvictim.€€The€victim€fell€backwards€in€an€attempt€to€flee,€while€the€defendant,€who€was€ð ðskippingÐ k» Ðbackwardsðð€toward€the€stairs,€continued€firing€his€gun.€€White€testified€she€heard€multiple€gunshotsÐ T¤ Ðand€saw€the€defendantððs€arm€extended,€but€was€unable€to€see€the€defendantððs€gun€because€of€theÐ =  Ðbalcony€guardrail.€€She€said€the€victim€was€also€hidden€from€her€view€after€his€fall.€€However,€basedÐ & v Ðon€seeing€her€apartment€door€open€and€then€shut,€she€assumed€he€ran€in€a€crouching€ð ðduck€walkððÐ  _ Ðinto€her€apartment€to€escape€the€defendant.Ð ø H ÐÌà  àWhite€testified€she€ran€with€her€son€to€the€apartment€building€and€started€up€the€steps,€onlyÐ Ê   Ðto€encounter€the€defendant,€gun€in€hand,€on€his€way€down.€€The€defendant€stopped€two€to€three€feetÐ ³  Ðfrom€her€and€pointed€his€pistol€directly€at€her€face.€€She€grabbed€her€son,€fell€to€the€ground,€andÐ œì  Ðð ðcovered€up.ðð€€Next,€she€heard€a€ð ðclick,ðð€which€she€interpreted€as€the€defendantððs€attempt€to€shootÐ …Õ  Ðher€with€his€pistol,€which€was€out€of€bullets.€€When€she€sat€up,€she€saw€the€defendant€runningÐ n¾  Ðtoward€the€corner€of€the€apartment€building€where€he€disappeared€from€view.€€€€Ð W§  ÐÌà  àWhen€White€reached€her€apartment,€the€victim€unlocked€and€opened€the€door€from€the€insideÐ )y Ðand€instructed€her€to€call€9„1„1,€telling€her€he€had€been€shot€in€the€leg.€€Although€she€saw€no€bloodÐ b Ðand€he€initially€appeared€to€be€all€right,€he€soon€broke€out€in€a€sweat,€sat€down,€and€began€foamingÐ ûK Ðat€the€mouth.€€A€police€officer€arrived€as€she€was€on€the€telephone€with€the€9„1„1€dispatcher,€andÐ ä4 Ðremained€with€the€victim€while€she€took€a€second€police€officer€to€the€defendantððs€motherððsÐ Í Ðresidence€a€few€streets€away.€€By€the€time€she€returned€to€the€apartment,€the€paramedics€had€alreadyÐ ¶ Ðtaken€the€victim€to€the€hospital.€€Ð Ÿï ÐÌà  àWhite€testified€she€went€from€her€apartment€to€the€police€station,€where€she€gave€a€statementÐ qÁ Ðand€identified€the€defendant€from€a€photographic€lineup,€and€then€to€the€hospital,€where€she€learnedÐ Zª Ðthat€the€victim€was€dead.€€She€made€a€positive€courtroom€identification€of€the€defendant€and€testifiedÐ C“ Ðshe€was€certain€the€victim€was€holding€a€beer€in€his€hand€at€the€time€of€the€shooting.€€However,€sheÐ ,| Ðacknowledged€on€cross„examination€that€she€did€not€know€what€had€transpired€between€the€menÐ e Ðimmediately€before€the€shooting.€Ð þN ÐÌà  àSergeant€Marlon€Tabor€of€the€Memphis€Police€Department€testified€he€was€assigned€to€theÐ Ð!   ÐMemphis€Public€Housing€Bureau€in€October€2001,€and€was€patrolling€in€the€Dixie€HomesÐ ¹" ! Ðdevelopment€on€October€10€when€he€heard€what€sounded€like€gunshots€and€someone€told€him€aÐ ¢#ò" Ðshooting€was€taking€place€around€the€corner.€€There,€he€saw€a€group€of€people€standing€in€front€ofÐ ‹$Û# Ðan€apartment€building€pointing€up€to€a€second€story€apartment.€€He€went€up€the€stairs,€where€he€wasÐ t%Ä $ Ðmet€by€Kenia€White,€who€informed€him€her€boyfriend€had€been€shot.€€The€victim,€who€was€lyingÐ ]&­!% Ðon€his€back€in€a€hallway€inside€the€apartment,€had€ð ðsmall€trickles€of€blood€coming€out€of€him,ðð€wasÐ F'–"& Ðlaboring€to€breathe,€and€appeared€to€Sergeant€Tabor€to€be€ð ðin€[a]€pretty€serious€condition.ðð€Ð /(#' ÐNonetheless,€he€was€able€to€reveal€the€identity€of€his€assailant€and€to€indicate€what€led€to€theÐ )h$( Ðshooting:€€€Ð *Q%) Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àI€asked€him€several€times€who€shot€him€and€he€finally€saidÐ ° Ðâ âsomeone€named€B.€€And€he€told€me€kind€of€what€happened€to€him.€Ð ™é ÐHe€said€that€him€and€B€or€someone€got€into€an€argument€and€he€wasÐ ‚Ò Ðshot.€€It€was€something€dealing€with€drugs.€€He€was€kind€of€saying€itÐ k» Ðin€a€lot€of€broken€English.€€I€had€to€get€down€really€to€hear€what€heÐ T¤ Ðwas€saying.Ð= ` x` x ÐÌà  àSergeant€Tabor€testified€White€informed€him€that€ð ðBðð€lived€around€the€corner€and€took€himÐ  _ Ðto€the€defendantððs€motherððs€apartment,€located€about€a€block€away€in€the€same€housing€development.€Ð ø H ÐThe€defendant€was€not€there,€and€he€was€unable€to€locate€him€at€that€address€despite€returning€to€theÐ á 1  Ðapartment€ð ðon€multiple€occasionsðð€over€ð ðmultiple€days.ðð€€On€cross„examination,€Sergeant€TaborÐ Ê   Ðtestified€that€the€Dixie€Homes€development€was€a€high€crime€area€ð ð[a]t€one€time,ðð€but€that€ð ðtheÐ ³  Ðcrime€rate€[was]€fairly€low€i[n]€that€area€now.ððÐ œì  ÐÌà  àMemphis€Police€Officer€Katie€Ward,€who€was€assigned€to€the€Dixie€Homes€area€in€OctoberÐ n¾  Ð2001€and€was€one€of€the€officers€who€responded€to€the€shooting,€testified€the€victim€was€lying€in€theÐ W§  Ðhallway€of€the€apartment€when€she€arrived,€was€sweating,€and€was€not€moving.€€The€victim€told€herÐ @ Ðand€other€officers€that€ð ðBðð€shot€him.€€A€young€woman€informed€them€where€ð ðBðð€lived,€and€she€andÐ )y Ðseveral€fellow€officers€went€to€that€location€but€were€unable€to€find€him.€€On€cross„examination,Ð b ÐOfficer€Ward€readily€acknowledged€that€the€Dixie€Homes€development€was€a€ð ðhigh€crime€area.ððÐ ûK ÐÌà  àMemphis€Police€Officer€Mike€Schafer€testified€he€and€fellow€officers€went€to€the€Oak€ManorÐ Í ÐApartments€on€March€3,€2002,€in€response€to€a€Crime€Stoppers€tip€that€the€defendant€was€outsideÐ ¶ Ðone€of€the€apartment€buildings.€€The€defendant€fled€at€sight€of€the€officers,€but€was€captured€afterÐ Ÿï Ðrunning€approximately€fifty€yards.€€€Ð ˆØ ÐÌà  àDr.€Theresa€Allen€Campbell,€the€Shelby€County€medical€examiner€who€performed€theÐ Zª Ðautopsy€of€the€victimððs€body,€testified€the€victimððs€cause€of€death€was€multiple€gunshot€wounds,Ð C“ Ðconsisting€of€a€fatal€gunshot€wound€to€the€left€lower€abdomen€in€which€the€bullet€perforated€the€leftÐ ,| Ðcommon€iliac€artery€and€the€left€common€iliac€vein,€causing€the€victim€to€bleed€to€death,€and€aÐ e Ðgunshot€wound€to€the€right€thigh€in€which€the€bullet€lodged€in€the€muscle€but€did€not€hit€any€vitalÐ þN Ðstructures.€€The€victimððs€drug€test€was€negative.€€His€blood€alcohol€level€was€.02,€which€wasÐ ç 7 Ðconsistent€with€his€having€consumed€a€beer€at€or€near€his€time€of€death.€€In€addition€to€the€gunshotÐ Ð!   Ðwounds,€the€victim€had€abrasions€on€his€left€hand,€an€abrasion€on€his€forearm,€and€red€linearÐ ¹" ! Ðcontusions€on€his€chest.€€Dr.€Campbell€agreed€the€abrasions€to€the€hand€and€arm€were€consistentÐ ¢#ò" Ðwith€the€victimððs€having€fallen€on€concrete,€and€testified€that€the€patterned€linear€contusions€on€hisÐ ‹$Û# Ðchest€were€more€consistent€with€medical€intervention€than€with€a€punch.€€On€cross„examination,€Dr.Ð t%Ä $ ÐCampbell€testified€that€the€victim€was€five€feet,€ten€inches€tall.€Ð ]&­!% ÐÌà  àò òòòóóó óFollowing€the€trial€courtððs€denial€of€his€motion€for€judgment€of€acquittal,€the€nineteen„year„Ð /(#' Ðold€defendant€took€the€stand€in€his€own€defense.€€He€began€his€testimony€by€admitting€he€shot€theÐ )h$( Ðvictim,€supported€himself€until€the€time€of€his€March€3,€2002,€arrest€by€selling€crack€cocaine,€andÐ *Q%) Ðhad€prior€convictions€for€theft€of€property€under€$500,€theft€of€property€over€$500,€and€theft€ofÐ ê*:&* Ðproperty€over€$1000.€€He€claimed,€however,€that€the€shooting€occurred€during€a€physical€altercationÐ Ó+#'+ Ðin€which€the€victim€made€a€move€as€if€to€reach€for€a€weapon.€€According€to€the€defendantððs€account,Ð ° Ðhe€was€leaning€against€the€balcony€rail€talking€to€Renee€when€the€victimððs€friend€Brian€and€BrianððsÐ ™é Ðassociate€approached€the€victim€outside€Whiteððs€apartment.€€The€victim€called€to€him,€and€he€walkedÐ ‚Ò Ðdown€to€the€victim€with€the€intention€of€telling€the€victimððs€friends€where€they€could€find€someÐ k» Ðdrugs.€€The€defendant€testified€he€had€no€drugs€with€him€at€that€time,€but€if€he€had,€he€would€haveÐ T¤ Ðsold€them€to€the€victimððs€friends.€Ð =  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€a€verbal€confrontation€ensued€between€him€and€the€victim,€which€wasÐ  _ Ðimmediately€followed€by€the€victimððs€punching€him€in€the€chest.€€The€defendant€stated€he€was€5'6"Ð ø H Ðor€5'7"€and€stumbled€backwards€after€the€victim€punched€him.€€As€he€did€so,€he€saw€the€victim€reachÐ á 1  Ðdown€toward€his€pants€pocket.€€Believing€the€victim€was€going€for€a€gun,€he€pulled€the€.22€revolverÐ Ê   Ðhe€constantly€carried€for€self„protection€out€of€his€rear€pocket,€fired€two€or€three€shots€at€the€victim,Ð ³  Ðand€then€fled.€€The€defendant€insisted€he€had€no€intention€of€killing€the€victim.€€He€said€he€firedÐ œì  Ðdownwards€and€thought€he€had€shot€the€victim€in€the€leg.€€€Ð …Õ  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€he€dropped€his€gun€on€the€apartment€stairs€as€he€fled.€€He€said€he€ranÐ W§  Ðto€a€nearby€wooded€area,€where€he€hid€for€approximately€an€hour€and€a€half€until€ð ðthe€commotionÐ @ Ðhad€died€down.ðð€€Afterwards,€he€went€first€to€a€girlfriendððs€house,€and€then€stayed€in€a€series€ofÐ )y Ðmotels,€where€he€supported€himself€by€selling€drugs,€until€he€was€ultimately€captured.€€He€explainedÐ b Ðhis€failure€to€turn€himself€in€by€stating€that€he€was€afraid€of€what€would€happen€to€him€and€hisÐ ûK ÐMarch€3,€2002,€flight€from€the€police€by€stating€he€overreacted€out€of€fear€that€the€officers€wouldÐ ä4 Ðshoot€him.€€He€said€he€was€ð ðvery€sorryðð€about€what€had€happened,€ð ðnever€intended€for€things€to€getÐ Í Ðthat€far,ðð€and€would€never€again€carry€a€gun.Ð ¶ ÐÌà  àOn€cross„examination,€the€defendant€testified€the€victim€initiated€the€argument€and€physicalÐ ˆØ Ðaltercation.€€He€claimed€not€to€have€known€what€the€fight€was€about€and€to€have€merely€reacted€toÐ qÁ Ðwhat€he€had€perceived€as€a€threat.€€He€admitted€he€never€saw€the€victim€with€a€gun.€€He€denied€heÐ Zª Ðpointed€his€gun€at€White€or€her€son,€testifying€he€no€longer€had€his€weapon€at€the€point€he€passedÐ C“ Ðthem€on€the€stairs.€€He€acknowledged€he€hid€from€the€police€from€the€time€of€the€shooting€until€hisÐ ,| Ðcapture,€but€also€claimed€he€had€tried€to€turn€himself€in.€€According€to€his€testimony,€he€telephonedÐ e Ðthe€ð ðhomicide€squadðð€in€January€2002,€spoke€to€someone€to€whom€he€provided€his€name,€the€nameÐ þN Ðof€the€victim,€and€the€date€of€the€shooting,€and€was€told€by€that€person€that€he€was€not€wanted€forÐ ç 7 Ðanything.Ð Ð!   ÐÌà@¢¢!ìàò òòòSentencing€Hearingóóó óˆÐ ¢#ò" ÐÌà  àAt€the€October€17,€2003,€sentencing€hearing,€the€victimððs€older€sister,€thirty„two„year„oldÐ u%Å $ ÐShantel€Carter,€testified€that€her€twelve„year„old€sister€and€seventeen„year„old€brother€were€bothÐ ^&®!% Ðdevastated€by€the€victimððs€death€and€that€her€mother€cried€ð ðon€a€regular€basis.ðð€€She€said€she€hadÐ G'—"& Ðbeen€left€with€the€responsibility€of€raising€the€victimððs€eleven€children,€as€well€as€her€own€four,€andÐ 0(€#' Ðrequested€that€the€defendant€receive€the€maximum€sentence.€€The€defendant€stated€he€was€ð ðtrulyÐ )i$( Ðsorryðð€for€what€happened€and€would€have€walked€away€if€he€had€ð ðused€[his]€mind€at€the€time,ðð€butÐ *R%) Ðthe€ð ðmisunderstanding€got€truly€out€of€hand.ððÐ ë*;&* ÐÐ Ô+$'+ Ðà  àThe€trial€court€found€the€following€four€enhancement€factors€applicable€to€the€case:€€(2)€theÐ ° Ðdefendantððs€previous€history€of€criminal€convictions€or€behavior,€based€on€his€prior€convictions€andÐ ™é Ðevidence€he€made€his€living€by€selling€drugs;€(9)€the€defendantððs€previous€history€of€unwillingnessÐ ‚Ò Ðto€comply€with€the€conditions€of€a€sentence€involving€release€into€the€community,€based€on€aÐ k» ÐJanuary€2001€violation€of€probation€reflected€in€his€presentence€report;€(10)€the€defendantððs€use€ofÐ T¤ Ða€firearm€in€the€commission€of€the€offense;€and€(11)€the€defendantððs€lack€of€hesitation€in€committingÐ =  Ðthe€offense€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high,€based€on€evidence€that€the€shooting€occurred€atÐ & v Ðan€apartment€complex€where€other€individuals€besides€the€victim€were€present.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€CodeÐ  _ ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„114(2),€(9),€(10),€(11)€(2003).€€Ð ø H ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€weighed€the€first€and€third€of€these€four€enhancement€factors€most€heavily,Ð Ê   Ðplacing€very€little€weight€on€the€defendantððs€violation€of€probation€or€lack€of€hesitation€inÐ ³  Ðcommitting€the€crime€when€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high:€Ð œì  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€Court€is€going€to€put€a€great€deal€of€emphasis€on€[theÐ n¾  Ðdefendantððs]€criminal€activity,€his€criminal€convictions,€his€criminalÐ W§  Ðbehavior.€€The€Court€is€also€going€to€put€a€great€deal€of€emphasis€onÐ @ Ðthe€fact€that€[the€defendant]€used€a€pistol€in€the€commission€of€thisÐ )y Ðoffense.€€We€have€a€combination€of€somebody€selling€drugs,Ð b Ðsomebody€that€is€in€the€process€of€selling€drugs,€who€has€a€firearm€inÐ ûK Ðtheir€possession,€and€then€when€an€incident€occurs,€an€argument€inÐ ä4 Ðthis€case€is€strictly€what€this€amounted€to.€€The€victim€in€the€case€toldÐ Í Ð[the€defendant]€to€sell€his€drugs€on€the€other€end€of€the€walkway.€Ð ¶ ÐThatððs€what€it€amounted€to.€ÐŸï` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àAnd€[the€defendant]€and€he€got€into€a€disagreement€over€IÐ qÁ Ðassume€where€the€drugs€were€going€to€be€sold.€€But€the€testimonyÐ Zª Ðwas€that€they€were€arguing€about€the€fact€that€[the€defendant]€appliedÐ C“ Ðhis€trade€in€front€of€the€victimððs€residence€after€being€asked€not€to€doÐ ,| Ðso.€€And€as€a€result,€words€escalated€into€[the€defendant]€producingÐ e Ða€pistol€and€firing€it€and€killing€the€victim€in€the€case.€ÐþN` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àSo€the€Court€is€going€to€put€a€great€deal€of€emphasis€on€hisÐ Ð!   Ðprior€history,€his€selling€of€drugs,€his€involvement€in€criminalÐ ¹" ! Ðconvictions,€and€the€fact€that€he€armed€himself€with€a€firearm€andÐ ¢#ò" Ðused€that€firearm€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.Ћ$Û#` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThe€Court€will€put€a€small€bit€of€emphasis€on€the€fact€that€heÐ ]&­!% Ðhas€previously€violated€a€misdemeanor€probation.€€But€I€think€itððsÐ F'–"& Ðsomething€that€the€Court€can€consider€and€will€put€some€emphasis€onÐ /(#' Ðit.€€But€the€Courtððs€great€deal€of€emphasis€is€on€his€history,€priorÐ )h$( Ðhistory,€and€the€use€of€a€firearm.Ð*Q%)` x` x Ðâ âÐ ê*:&* Ðà  àFinding€no€applicable€mitigating€factors,€the€trial€court€sentenced€the€defendant€as€a€RangeÐ ° Ðâ âI,€violent€offender€to€twenty„four€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€The€trial€courtÐ ™é Ðsubsequently€overruled€the€defendantððs€motion€for€a€new€trial,€and€this€appeal€followed.€€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà@ôô&ìàò òòòANALYSISˆÐ T¤ ÐÌóóó óà@øøìàò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ ( x ÐÌà  àó óThe€defendant€contends€that€the€evidence€at€trial€shows€that€he€acted€under€the€heat€ofÐ ü L Ðpassion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€and,€thus,€is€guilty€of€voluntary€manslaughter€rather€thanÐ å 5  Ðsecond€degree€murder.€€The€State€argues€that€the€evidence€supports€the€juryððs€verdict.€€We€agreeÐ Î   Ðwith€the€State.Ð ·  Ðò òÌà  àó óWhen€the€sufficiency€of€the€conviction€evidence€is€challenged,€the€relevant€question€of€theÐ ŠÚ  Ðreviewing€court€is€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÐ sà  Ðprosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyondÐ \¬  Ða€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560,Ð E• Ð573€(1979);€òòsee€alsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòState€v.€Andersonóó,€835Ð .~ ÐS.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€of€guilt€in€criminalÐ g Ðactions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€is€insufficient€to€supportÐ P Ðthe€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€All€questions€involving€theÐ é9 Ðcredibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€and€all€factual€issues€areÐ Ò" Ðresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€Ð »  Ðð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimony€of€the€witnessesÐ ¤ô Ðfor€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493Ð Ý ÐS.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€Our€supreme€court€stated€the€rationale€for€this€rule:Ð vÆ ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àThis€well„settled€rule€rests€on€a€sound€foundation.€€The€trialÐ H˜ Ðjudge€and€the€jury€see€the€witnesses€face€to€face,€hear€their€testimonyÐ 1 Ðand€observe€their€demeanor€on€the€stand.€€Thus€the€trial€judge€andÐ j Ðjury€are€the€primary€instrumentality€of€justice€to€determine€the€weightÐ  S Ðand€credibility€to€be€given€to€the€testimony€of€witnesses.€€In€the€trialÐ ì < Ðforum€alone€is€there€human€atmosphere€and€the€totality€of€theÐ Õ!%  Ðevidence€cannot€be€reproduced€with€a€written€record€in€this€Court.о"!` x` x ÐÌòòBolin€v.€Stateóó,€219€Tenn.€4,€11,€405€S.W.2d€768,€771€(1966)€(citing€òòCarroll€v.€Stateóó,€212€Tenn.€464,Ð $à# Ð370€S.W.2d€523€(1963)).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€with€which€aÐ y%É $ Ðdefendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€a€convictedÐ b&²!% Ðdefendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Tuggleóó,€639Ð K'›"& ÐS.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ð 4(„#' Ðà  àÌà  àSecond€degree€murder€is€defined€as€ð ð[a]€knowing€killing€of€another.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ððÐ *V%) Ð39-13-210(a)(1)€(2003).€€Ð ï*?&* ÐÐ Ø+('+ Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à"Knowing"€refers€to€a€person€who€acts€knowingly€withÐ ° Ðrespect€to€the€conduct€or€to€circumstances€surrounding€the€conductÐ ™é Ðwhen€the€person€is€aware€of€the€nature€of€the€conduct€or€that€theÐ ‚Ò Ðcircumstances€exist.€€A€person€acts€knowingly€with€respect€to€a€resultÐ k» Ðof€the€person's€conduct€when€the€person€is€aware€that€the€conduct€isÐ T¤ Ðreasonably€certain€to€cause€the€result[.]€€Ð= ` x` x ÐòòÌId.óó€ðð€39-11-106(a)(20).€€Voluntary€manslaughter€is€defined€as€ð ðthe€intentional€or€knowing€killingÐ  _ Ðof€another€in€a€state€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation€sufficient€to€lead€a€reasonableÐ ø H Ðperson€to€act€in€an€irrational€manner.ðð€€òòId.óó€ðð€39-13-211(a).€€ð ðWhether€the€acts€constitute€a€ððknowingÐ á 1  Ðkillingðð€(second€degree€murder)€or€a€killing€due€to€ððadequate€provocationðð€(voluntary€manslaughter)Ð Ê   Ðis€a€question€for€the€jury.ðð€€òòState€v.€Johnsonóó,€909€S.W.2d€461,€464€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).Ð ³  ÐÌà  àTo€support€a€second€degree€murder€conviction,€the€State€had€only€to€establish€that€the€killingÐ …Õ  Ðof€the€victim€was€knowing€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Summerallóó,€926€S.W.2d€272Ð n¾  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€Viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€evidence€here€showedÐ W§  Ðthat€the€initial€confrontation€between€the€defendant€and€victim€had€ended€and€the€defendant€had€leftÐ @ Ðthe€scene€when€he€returned€some€ten€to€fifteen€minutes€later€armed€with€a€pistol,€engaged€in€aÐ )y Ðsecond,€brief,€verbal€exchange€with€the€victim,€and€then€pulled€his€pistol€and€shot€the€victim€in€theÐ b Ðabdomen€and€leg,€causing€his€death.€€These€actions€were€sufficient€to€support€the€juryððs€finding€thatÐ ûK Ðthe€defendant€committed€a€knowing€killing€of€the€victim.€Ð ä4 ÐÌà  àAs€support€for€his€argument€that€the€evidence€shows€voluntary€manslaughter€rather€thanÐ ¶ Ðsecond€degree€murder,€the€defendant€cites€his€testimony€that€the€shooting€occurred€in€the€midst€ofÐ Ÿï Ða€physical€altercation€initiated€by€the€victim€after€the€victim€made€what€he€interpreted€as€a€move€forÐ ˆØ Ða€gun,€as€well€as€Whiteððs€admission€that€she€did€not€witness€what€transpired€immediately€before€theÐ qÁ Ðshooting.€€However,€although€the€defendant€described€a€single€confrontation€between€himself€andÐ Zª Ðthe€victim,€White€described€two€separate€encounters,€the€second€of€which€was€initiated€by€theÐ C“ Ðdefendant,€who€upon€his€return€wore€his€t„shirt€ð ðcocked€upðð€as€if€he€had€stuck€something€in€hisÐ ,| Ðpants.€€Moreover,€although€White€acknowledged€she€did€not€see€what€transpired€immediately€beforeÐ e Ðthe€shooting,€she€testified€that€she€heard€no€further€argument€between€the€men€as€she€walked€towardÐ þN Ðher€car€and€that€the€victim€was€holding€a€beer€in€his€hand€when€shot.€€Having€heard€the€conflictingÐ ç 7 Ðtestimony,€and€having€been€instructed€on€the€elements€of€second€degree€murder€and€voluntaryÐ Ð!   Ðmanslaughter,€the€jury€convicted€the€defendant€of€second€degree€murder.€€In€so€doing,€it€obviouslyÐ ¹" ! Ðrejected€his€contention€that€he€acted€in€a€state€of€passion€produced€by€adequate€provocation.€€ThisÐ ¢#ò" Ðwas€its€prerogative.€€We€conclude,€therefore,€that€the€evidence€is€sufficient€to€sustain€the€defendantððsÐ ‹$Û# Ðconviction€for€second€degree€murder.€€Ð t%Ä $ ÐÌà@U U ìàò òII.€€Impact€of€òòBlakelyóó€Opinion€on€Defendantððs€Sentencingó óˆÐ F'–"& ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€the€sentencing€imposed€in€his€case€should€be€reevaluated€in€lightÐ )i$( Ðof€the€recent€òòBlakelyóó€opinion.€€òòBlakely€v.€Washingtonóó,€€542€U.S.€___€,€124€S.€Ct.€2531€(2004).€€TheÐ *R%) ÐState€argues,€òòinter€aliaóó,€that€the€defendant€has€waived€the€issue€for€failure€to€raise€it€in€a€timelyÐ ë*;&* Ðfashion;€all€four€enhancement€factors€are€applicable€under€òòBlakelyóó€because€the€defendant€eitherÐ Ô+$'+ Ðadmitted€or€failed€to€contest€the€facts€on€which€they€were€based;€and€finally,€even€if€enhancementÐ ° Ðfactor€(11)€was€inappropriately€applied,€the€remaining€enhancement€factors,€clearly€appropriateÐ ™é Ðunder€òòBlakeyóó,€justify€the€enhanced€sentence€imposed.€Ð ‚Ò ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€section€40„35„401€provides€that€our€review€of€the€length€orÐ T¤ Ðmanner€of€service€of€a€sentence€should€be€conducted€òòde€novoóó€on€the€record€ð ðwith€a€presumption€thatÐ =  Ðthe€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€taken€are€correct.Ô‡ Xq% XXXÎWÔðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð & v Ððð€40„35„401(d)€(2003).€€òòBlakelyóó,€however,€calls€into€question€the€validity€of€the€trial€courtððs€findingÐ  _ Ðof€certain€enhancement€factors€to€increase€a€defendantððs€sentence€from€the€presumptive€sentence€inÐ ø H Ðthe€range.€€In€that€case,€the€United€States€Supreme€Court€applied€the€rule€inÔ#†XÎWX X Xq%‹…#Ô€òòApprendi€v.€New€Jerseyóó,Ð á 1  Ð530€U.S.€466,€490,€120€S.€Ct.€2348,€2362„63,€147€L.€Ed.€2d€435€(2000)€(ð ðOther€than€the€fact€of€aÐ Ê   Ðprior€conviction,€any€fact€that€increases€the€penalty€for€a€crime€beyond€the€prescribed€statutoryÐ ³  Ðmaximum€must€be€submitted€to€a€jury,€and€proved€beyond€a€reasonable€doubtðð)€to€conclude€that€aÐ œì  Ðcriminal€defendantððs€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€trial€by€jury€encompasses€the€right€to€have€the€jury,Ð …Õ  Ðrather€than€the€judge,€determine€the€existence€of€any€sentence€enhancements€other€than€those€basedÐ n¾  Ðon€facts€reflected€in€the€jury€verdict€or€admitted€by€the€defendant.òòóóÔ‡Xq% XXXÎWÔ€€Ô#†XÎWX XXq%Š#ÔòòÔ‡Xq% XXXÎWÔòòóóBlakelyóó,€124€S.€Ct.€at€2536„38.òòòòóóÔ#†XÎWX XXq%`Š#ÔóóÔ‡Xq% XXXÎWԀРW§  ÐÌà  àThe€State€first€argues€that€the€defendant€waived€the€sentencing€issue€by€failing€to€raise€it€inÐ )y Ðhis€original€brief.€€The€State€further€argues€that€the€issue€cannot€be€addressed€as€plain€error€becauseÐ b Ðno€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€was€violated€by€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€the€enhancementÐ ûK Ðfactors€and€the€defendant€failed€to€establish€that€he€waived€the€issue€for€anything€other€than€tacticalÐ ä4 Ðreasons.€€We€respectfully€disagree.€€Ð Í ÐÌà  àTennessee€Rule€of€Criminal€Procedure€52(b)€defines€ð ðplain€errorðð€as€ð ðerror€which€hasÐ Ÿï Ðaffected€the€substantial€rights€of€an€accusedðð€and€which€ð ðmay€be€noticed€at€any€time,€even€thoughÐ ˆØ Ðnot€raised€in€the€motion€for€a€new€trial€or€assigned€as€error€on€appeal,€in€the€discretion€of€theÐ qÁ Ðappellate€court€where€necessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ðð€€Since€the€intention€of€the€rule€is€to€serveÐ Zª Ðthe€ends€of€justice,€it€is€invoked€only€in€exceptional€circumstances€where€necessary€to€avoid€aÐ C“ Ðmiscarriage€of€justice.€€òòState€v.€Adkissonóó,€899€S.W.2d€626,€639€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994)€(citing€Ð ,| ÐòòUnited€States€v.€Geraldóó,€624€F.2d€1291,€1299€(5th€Cir.€1980)).€€The€following€factors€should€beÐ e Ðconsidered€by€an€appellate€court€when€determining€whether€ð ðplain€errorðð€has€occurred:Ð þN ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àa)€the€record€must€clearly€establish€what€occurred€in€the€trial€court;ÐÐ!  ` x` x Ðà8  àÐ Ð Ð  Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àb)€a€clear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€law€must€have€been€breached;Т#ò"` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÐ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àc)€a€substantial€right€of€the€accused€must€have€been€adverselyÐ t%Ä $ Ðaffected;Ð]&­!%` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÐ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àd)€the€accused€did€not€waive€the€issue€for€tactical€reasons;€andÐ/(#'` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àÐ ` x` x Ðà8  àà8` Ð Ð àe)€consideration€of€the€error€is€ð ðnecessary€to€do€substantial€justice.ððÐ*Q%)` x` x ÐòòÌId.óó€at€641-42€(footnotes€omitted).Ð Ó+#'+ Їà  àThe€State€quotes€the€òòBlakelyóó€Courtððs€observation€that€the€ð ðState€is€free€to€seek€judicialÐ ° Ðsentence€enhancements€so€long€as€the€defendant€either€stipulates€to€the€relevant€facts€or€consentsÐ ™é Ðto€judicial€factfinding,ðð€òòóó124€S.€Ct.€at€2541,€to€argue€that€no€ð ðclear€and€unequivocal€rule€of€lawðð€wasÐ ‚Ò Ðviolated€by€the€sentencing€procedure€employed€in€this€case.€€The€State€further€asserts€that€ð ð[i]t€isÐ k» Ðentirely€possible€that€the€defendant€waived€the€issue€because€he€preferred€judicial€sentencing.€€TheÐ T¤ Ðdefendant€could€have€raised€the€issue€under€òòApprendióó€prior€to€the€cases€being€docketed€and€did€not.ðð€Ð =  ÐHowever,€when€the€portion€of€the€òòBlakelyóó€opinion€on€which€the€State€relies€for€this€argument€is€readÐ & v Ðin€context,€it€is€clear€that€the€defendantððs€failure€to€contest€the€enhancement€factors€was€not€the€typeÐ  _ Ðof€ð ðconsentðð€to€judicial€factfinding€that€theòòóó€Court€envisioned:Ð ø H ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ àJustice€BREYER€argues€that€òòApprendióó€works€to€the€detrimentÐ Ê   Ðof€criminal€defendants€who€plead€guilty€by€depriving€them€of€theÐ ³  Ðopportunity€to€argue€sentencing€factors€to€a€judge.€€But€nothingÐ œì  Ðprevents€a€defendant€from€waiving€his€òòApprendióó€rights.€€When€aÐ …Õ  Ðdefendant€pleads€guilty,€the€State€is€free€to€seek€judicial€sentenceÐ n¾  Ðenhancements€so€long€as€the€defendant€either€stipulates€to€theÐ W§  Ðrelevant€facts€or€consents€to€judicial€factfinding.€€If€appropriateÐ @ Ðwaivers€are€procured,€States€may€continue€to€offer€judicialÐ )y Ðfactfinding€as€a€matter€of€course€to€all€defendants€who€plead€guilty.€Ð b ÐEven€a€defendant€who€stands€trial€may€consent€to€judicial€factfindingÐ ûK Ðas€to€sentence€enhancements,€which€may€well€be€in€his€interest€ifÐ ä4 Ðrelevant€evidence€would€prejudice€him€at€trial.€€We€do€not€understandÐ Í Ðhow€òòApprendióó€can€possibly€work€to€the€detriment€of€those€who€areÐ ¶ Ðfree,€if€they€think€its€costs€outweigh€its€benefits,€to€render€itÐ Ÿï Ðinapplicable.€ÐˆØ` x` x ÐòòÌId.óó€(citations€omitted).€€Prior€to€the€release€of€the€òòBlakelyóó€opinion,€criminal€defendants€in€TennesseeÐ Zª Ðroutinely€accepted€the€trial€courtððs,€rather€than€the€juryððs,€finding€of€enhancement€factors,€despiteÐ C“ Ðthe€rule€announced€in€òòApprendióó.€€Thus,€we€cannot€consider€that€the€defendant€meaningfully€waivedÐ ,| Ðhis€Sixth€Amendment€right€to€have€the€jury€determine€the€existence€of€the€enhancement€factors€inÐ e Ðhis€case.€Ð þN ÐÌà  àUnder€òòBlakelyóó,€the€only€enhancement€factors€other€than€prior€convictions€that€a€trial€courtÐ Ð!   Ðmay€apply€to€increase€a€sentence€are€those€which€are€reflected€in€the€jury€verdict€or€admitted€by€theÐ ¹" ! Ðdefendant.€€òòId.óó€at€2537.€€Therefore,€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€enhancement€factors€(2)€and€(10)Ð ¢#ò" Ðwas€appropriate,€as€the€defendant€freely€admitted€in€his€testimony€that€he€had€prior€convictions€forÐ ‹$Û# Ðtheft,€supported€himself€until€the€time€of€his€arrest€in€the€instant€offense€by€selling€drugs,€and€usedÐ t%Ä $ Ða€pistol€in€the€commission€of€the€offense.€€However,€since€the€facts€underlying€enhancement€factorsÐ ]&­!% Ð(9)€and€(11)€were€neither€reflected€in€the€verdict€nor€admitted€by€the€defendant,€we€conclude€thatÐ F'–"& Ðthe€trial€court€erred€in€applying€these€factors€to€the€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòid.óó€at€2542€(ð ðAny€evaluation€ofÐ /(#' ÐòòApprendiððsóó€ð ðfairnessðð€to€criminal€defendants€must€compare€it€with€the€regime€it€replaced,€in€whichÐ )h$( Ða€defendant€.€.€.€would€routinely€see€his€maximum€potential€sentence€balloon€.€.€.€based€not€on€factsÐ *Q%) Ðâ âproved€to€his€peers€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt,€but€on€facts€extracted€after€trial€from€a€reportÐ ê*:&* Ðcompiled€by€a€probation€officer€who€the€judge€thinks€more€likely€got€it€right€than€got€it€wrong.ðð).€Ð ° ÐÌâ âà  àIn€sum,€we€conclude€that€enhancement€factors€(2)€and€(10)€were€appropriately€applied€underÐ ‚Ò ÐòòBlakelyóó,€but€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€applying€enhancement€factors€(9)€and€(11).€€We€furtherÐ k» Ðconclude€that€the€strong€weight€to€which€the€trial€court€assigned€the€applicable€enhancement€factorsÐ T¤ Ðmore€than€justifies€the€enhanced€sentence€imposed.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€twenty„four„yearÐ =  Ðsentence.€Ð & v ÐÌà@GG%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONˆÐ ø H Ðóóó óÌà  àBased€on€the€foregoing€authorities€and€reasoning,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€Ô#†XÎWX XXq%ÖŠ#ÔÔ‡Xq% XXXÎWÔÐ Ë   ÐÌà  àÔ#†XÎWX XXq% ©#ÔÔ‡Xq% XXXÎWÔòòÌÔ#†XÎWX XXq%m©#Ôóóà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð †Ö  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE