ÿWPCë “ü€™’˜ üØôüãTb™.ËÓLIÔÉÿríIJ²`Ž^2^öŠ÷´”AÈŸÐí=plî`´@sÙÁ$¹ywÇ«|+Ìœ~ dÚxÉ\£8nlxÀϱ¶f†mÖãt£ìZŸRÌÊ{륹¦Èd([NiÚõË[FC(Fs‰Ë’OáÖþº·?º´;xÙóIÿ^)l|ØL…éârèLÇ–ˆpõb2$µ”¦àÏõaa° #K2ä¥EdV7ÆtÞ(H¦¸Ûq%°g ˺<¨n€h=˜ÍÇ LÀŽÔk Œr¾þ ø2ò~0Ò-Lœ´F^"Mœu$c‡~½//³h=Æ#Zéh:¥šÅæ*ø‹_T–.¢@hî’3Cìí'Ìþ¥›±Pþ ï@ÙÄÕ±’Æ×´Æ›mÆMt÷8dµëR#Z^Qal¡Òö9)=«÷pªÀÈDëFž¡õAõPÔ¾h âæϨ–îßú.*$‰‘˜ÖÑ  2¶§r@ùP )ägq™3¢í—¦ûðfÐ7Š< ]涤!Û7$Ú+*ôºô÷·ÎÉãι´n­P%%Îd«³@­×î+¶iÁuD8„³Ü‹Æ–zöæ\H,¢õ* Ü fFæâõ¡ŽØAG]…# F UNQ %Ÿ 0(¥ U:Í b w@ 4O c r è U:x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x x B² ² ² ² ² D3Ï Ï Ï 0D                                                                                  AOF Æ• • 0D[ D/Ÿ BΘHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,ü,,,,,ü0nLhÎ(ÈhH  Z ‹6Times New Roman RegularX($¡¡,Ù¹6 AZ‹"Arial Regular- ù-  D D  D  D  D ! Ó€uM%3|x* Brinkely ÞÔ€ X{uXXXÔÔ€ ä2X X{uÔÓ  Óò òÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€ X{uX ä2ÔÐ  ÐÌOctober€21,€1998ÌÌCecil€W.€CrowsonÌAppellate€Court€ClerkÔdAMÔó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular d%%%%'ÿÿdxd(3¯$££Ý ƒ!ÝÝ  Ý€-‚ƒCþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó„„'÷ÿ dxdüÿP PdÝ ƒ!ÝÝ  Ýñ! ñ›ñ! ñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÒX°ÒÔ€Š1ÿŠXXÔÔ€ŠÖöŠŠŠ1ÿÔÑTR[  AØ'ÿ Legal3Ø' AØ'ÿ Legalÿ3Ø'TÑÑ€ÑÑ7€…`XXdìdÈ7ÑÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÓ  Óò òñ! ñßr€ *<,(j 8` `€€@E f ` 8ttxPX` ð  rß›ñ! ñIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEÐ `  ÐÌAT€NASHVILLEÌÌAUGUST€SESSION,€1998ÌÌÌÌÓ  ÓSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,à À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€NO.€01C01„9707„CR„00259Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àó óÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,ò òà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ѐ€à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àDAVIDSON€COUNTYÐ `  ÐV.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)€€€€€€€Ð `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ `  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àHON.€SETH€NORMAN,€JUDGEó óÐ ` ÐÓ  Óò òHAROLD€WAYNE€SHAW,à À àà  à)€€€€€€€ó óà p àÐ ` Ðœà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àò òà  à)ó óà p àò ò(SECOND€DEGREE€MURDER;ó ó€Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àò òà  à)à p àAGGRAVATED€KIDNAPPING)Ð ` Ðó óÌÌÌòòFOR€THE€APPELLANTóó:à h àà À àà  àòòà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEEóó:Ð Hè ÐÌò òKARL€F.€DEAN€à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUP€Ð 8 Ø Ðó óMetro€Public€Defenderà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ 8!Ø ÐÌò òWENDY€S.€TUCKERà h àà À àà  àà p àDARYL€J.€BRANDÐ (#È Ðó óAssistant€Public€Defenderà À àà  àà p àAssistant€Attorney€GeneralÐ ($È Ð(At€Trial)à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à2nd€Floor,€Cordell€Hull€BuildingÐ  %À Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à425€Fifth€Avenue€North€Ìò òJEFFREY€A.€DeVASHERó óà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243Ð '° ÐAssistant€Public€DefenderÌ1202€Stahlman€Buildingà h àà À àà  àà p àò òVICTOR€S.€JOHNSON,€IIIÐ )¨  Ðó ó211€Union€Streetà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ *¨ ! ÐNashville,€TN€37201Ì(On€Appeal)€à  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òKIMBERLY€HAASÐ ø+˜"# Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAssistant€District€Attorney€GeneralÐ ø,˜#$ Ðà0 ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWashington€Square€€€Ð ` €%` €% Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p à222€Second€Avenue€North,€Suite€500Ì€à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€37201„1649Ð à/€&' ÐÌÌÌÌOPINION€FILED€________________________ÌÌCONVICTIONS€AFFIRMED;€SENTENCES€REVERSEDÌAND€CASE€REMANDED€FOR€NEW€SENTENCING€HEARING€ÌÌTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JUDGEÐ  9001  ÐÓ  ÓÔ€°_Ý°ŠŠÖöÔò òòòOPINIONóóó óÔ€ŠÖöŠ°°_ÝÔÐ `  ÐÌÌÌÓ  ÓÓÓà ` àThe€Defendant,€Harold€Wayne€Shaw,€appeals€as€of€right€his€convictions€forÏsecond€degree€murder€and€aggravated€kidnapping€in€the€Davidson€County€CriminalÏCourt.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€Defendant€as€a€Range€II€Multiple€Offender€to€thirty„¼five€(35)€years€on€the€second€degree€murder€conviction€and€eighteen€(18)€years€onÏthe€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction.€€The€sentences€were€ordered€to€be€servedÏconsecutively€to€one€another€as€well€as€to€a€prior€eight€(8)€year€sentence€for€a€felonyÏdrug€conviction.€€Defendant€raises€the€following€six€issues€in€this€appeal:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(1)€Whether€sufficient€evidence€supported€the€convictionsÏfor€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€kidnapping;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(2)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€disallowing€questioningÏof€a€victim€regarding€his€claim€for€victimððs€compensation;€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(3)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€admitting€testimonyÏregarding€Defendantððs€prior€incarceration;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(4)€Whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€refusing€to€declare€aÏmistrial€when€the€State€asked€a€witness€if€Defendant€hadÏbeen€on€the€Tennessee€Bureau€of€Investigationððs€ð ðMostÏWanted€Listðð;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(5)€Whether€the€trial€court€committed€plain€error€in€failingÏto€instruct€the€jury€regarding€facilitation€of€second€degreeÏmurder€as€a€lesser€included€offense€of€premeditated€firstÏdegree€murder;€andÐ ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à(6)€Whether€the€trial€court€committed€various€sentencingÏerrors.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` àÌÓyÓAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€record,€we€affirm€Defendantððs€convictions,€but€remandÏthe€case€to€the€trial€court€for€resentencing.à p àÐ æ3†*+ ÐÌÓ  ÓòòÌÐ ¶9V01 ÐSummary€of€the€FactsóóÐ `  ÐÌÓeÓà ` àOn€December€29,€1993,€at€approximately€10:00€p.m.,€police€officers€and€anÏambulance€were€dispatched€to€G„Manððs€Market€on€Brick€Church€Pike€in€NashvilleÏin€response€to€a€call€that€a€shooting€had€occurred.€€Upon€arrival,€they€found€24„year„¼old€Corey€Barbee€on€the€floor,€bleeding€from€several€gunshot€wounds.€€Barbee€toldÏthem€that€ð ðsome€dudes€got€Garland€[Brinkley].ðð€€The€victim€was€asked€if€the€sameÏmen€who€had€taken€Garland€had€shot€him,€and€Barbee€responded€ð ðyes.ðð€€He€toldÏthem€that€three€men€in€masks€had€entered€the€store,€fired€several€shots,€and€thenÏtaken€away€the€owner€of€the€market€(Garland€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ).ÌÌà ` àBarbee€was€taken€to€Vanderbilt€University€Hospital,€where€over€the€next€fewÏdays€he€underwent€several€surgeries.€€Fourteen€days€later,€on€January€12,€1994,ÏCorey€Barbee€died€of€complications€from€the€gunshot€wounds€to€his€chest€andÏabdomen.à ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÐ €$  ÐÌà ` àGarland€Brinkley,€whose€nickname€is€ð ðG„Man,ðð€was€the€owner€of€G„ManððsÏMarket.€€About€six€months€earlier,€Brinkley€was€involved€in€some€drug€transactions,Ïspecifically€cocaine,€with€a€man€he€knew€as€Harold€Moore,€but€whose€name€wasÏactually€Harold€Shaw,€the€Defendant.€€Brinkley€testified€that€he€and€DefendantÏagreed€that€Defendant€would€ð ðfrontðð€the€cocaine€to€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ€to€sell,€and€then€BrinkleyÏwould€later€pay€Defendant.€€The€cocaine€was€actually€given€to€Brinkley€by€a€manÏnamed€Eric,€who€Brinkley€testified€was€a€ð ðgo„between.ðð€€Brinkley€testified€that€in€twoÏsuch€transactions,€he€gave€the€drugs€to€someone€else€to€sell.€€The€proceeds€fromÏthe€drug€deals€were€apparently€never€given€to€Brinkley€so€he€in€turn€never€returnedÏany€of€the€proceeds€to€Defendant.€€It€is€not€clear€from€the€record€as€to€the€totalÐ Ð9p02 Ðamount€and€value€of€the€cocaine€in€the€transactions.€€At€the€preliminary€hearing,ÏBrinkley€said€he€owed€$3,800€for€three€ounces€on€the€first€transaction€and€$9,000Ïfor€12€ounces€on€the€second€deal.€€However,€he€told€investigators€and€testified€atÏtrial€that€the€deals€involved€a€quarter€kilo€valued€at€$27,000.€€ÌÌà ` àBrinkley€testified€that€on€the€morning€of€December€29,€1993,€DefendantÏtelephoned€him€at€the€store€and€demanded€that€Brinkley€turn€over€his€house€and€hisÏChevrolet€Blazer€as€payment€for€the€cocaine€debt.€€Defendant€claimed€that€BrinkleyÏowed€him€$27,000€plus€a€$5,000€late€fee,€for€a€total€of€$32,000.€€Later€that€morning,ÏDefendant€came€to€G„Manððs€Market€and€again€demanded€payment€from€Brinkley.€ÏHowever,€Brinkley€refused€and€Defendant€left.ÌÌà ` àBrinkley€testified€that€later€that€evening,€Corey€Barbee,€known€añ ñsñ ñ€ð ðBruno,ðð€wasÏat€the€store€with€Brinkley.€€Barbee€and€Brinkley€had€been€friends€for€several€years.€ÏBarbee€would€stop€by€the€market€and€watch€television€and€would€sometimes€helpÏBrinkley€clean€the€store€and€close€it€at€night.€€As€they€were€closing€the€store€€€on€theÏnight€of€December€29,€1993,€the€door€suddenly€flew€open€and€a€masked€manÏstepped€in€and€shot€Barbee€five€or€six€times.€€Brinkley€described€the€shooter€as€aÏblack€male,€about€six€feet€tall€and€175€pounds,€with€a€hood€over€his€head€in€additionÏto€the€mask.€€He€was€armed€with€what€Brinkley€described€as€a€nine€millimeter€GlockÏor€Beretta.€€The€shooter€was€followed€into€the€market€by€two€more€men.€€The€secondÏman€had€no€mask€on€his€face,€but€only€a€hood€and€sunglasses.€€Brinkley€recognizedÏthis€man€asñ ñ€ñ ñ€Harold€Moore€(Shaw),€the€Defendant.€€Defendant€was€armed€with€aÏpistol„grip€shotgun.€€The€third€man,€who€was€also€masked,€was€shorter€andÏchubbier.€€According€to€Brinkley,€all€three€men€were€black.€ÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà ` àAfter€Barbee€was€shot,€ñ ñœñ ñBarbeeñ ñ›ñ ñ€asked€to€use€the€phone€to€call€an€ambulance.€ÏHe€then€managed€to€get€to€the€phone€and€call€911€for€help.€€Brinkley€testified€thatÏthe€Defendant€then€ordered€Brinkley€to€leave€the€market€with€them.€€Brinkley€saidÏthat€he€initially€refused€and€that€the€man€who€had€shot€Barbee€then€ð ðshot€me€andÏgrazed€my€leg.ðð€€He€testified€that€the€bullet€did€not€enter€his€leg,€but€that€he€has€aÏscar€from€being€grazed.€€However,€there€is€apparently€no€medical€record€of€such€aÏgraze€wound.€€€€Brinkley€eventually€got€into€the€1976€or€1977€blue€Chevrolet€Impala€Ïwith€the€three€men.€€Barbee€was€left€at€the€market.ÌÌà ` àThis€same€evening,€Clara€Coleman€was€helping€in€some€remodeling€work€onÏa€business€located€in€the€same€building€as€G„Manððs€Market.€€She€heard€gunshotsÏand€looked€out€in€time€to€see€a€light€blue€older€model€car€speed€away€from€theÏmarket.€€She€testified€that€she€saw€three€ñ ñœñ ñorñ ñ›ñ ñ€four€black€men€in€the€car.€€Ms.€ColemanÏdid€not€know€Brinkley.ÌÌà ` àAs€the€car€drove€off,€Defendant€told€the€shooter€to€put€duct€tape€overÏBrinkleyððs€face€and€to€bind€his€hands€together€with€the€tape€also.€€Defendant€held€theÏshooterððs€gun€while€he€taped€up€Brinkley.€€According€to€Brinkley,€the€car€ride€lastedÏabout€15€to€25€minutes.€€Defendant€kept€saying€to€Brinkley,€ð ðyou€think€Iððm€playingÏwith€you?ðð€€The€car€eventually€came€to€a€stop€and€the€men€pulled€Brinkley€out€andÏtook€him€into€a€garage€or€shed.€€They€bound€his€feet€with€duct€tape.€€There€the€threeÏmen€proceeded€to€beat€Brinkley.€€Defendant€pistol„whipped€him.€€Brinkley€testifiedÏthat€he€believes€he€passed€out€two€or€three€times€during€the€beatings€which€heÏestimated€lasted€ð ðfor€hours.ðð€€Defendant€then€forced€Brinkley€to€make€several€cellularÏâ âphone€calls€in€an€effort€to€have€Brinkleyððs€wife€bring€the€deed€to€their€house.€€CallsÐ à7€.0 Ðwere€made€to€Brinkleyððs€mother,€aunt,€brother„in„law,€and€a€cousin,€but€they€couldÏnot€locate€Brinkleyððs€wife.€€Ìâ âÌà ` àBrinkley€said€that€three€or€four€more€black€men€later€joined€the€group€andÏparticipated€in€the€beatings.€€Brinkley€still€had€tape€over€his€eyes,€but€he€said€heÏcould€tell€the€men€were€black€by€their€voices.€€The€men€took€his€wallet€which€hadÏabout€$300€cash€in€it.€€They€cut€his€pants€and€inflicted€a€four€to€five€inch€lacerationÏon€his€left€thigh.€€According€to€Brinkley,€his€attackers€poured€some€liquid€on€hisÏwound€and€attempted€several€times€to€light€it€with€a€match,€although€doctors€wereÏunable€to€find€any€evidence€of€burns.€€€However,€a€trauma€surgeon€who€treatedÏBrinkley€at€Vanderbilt€testified€that€lacerations€often€produce€a€burning€sensation,Ïparticularly€if€liquid€is€poured€on€them.€€ÌÌà ` àThe€beatings€continued€until€someone€said€ð ðkill€him.ðð€€At€this€point,€most€of€theÏmen€stepped€outside€to€confer,€but€when€they€returned€Brinkley€was€told€that€he€wasÏð ðlucky.ðð€€They€then€cut€the€tape€from€his€ankles,€threw€him€back€in€the€car,€and€droveÏto€Whites€Creek€Pike.€€The€car€slowed€down€near€the€United€Parcel€Service€locationÏand€Brinkley€was€thrown€out.€€He€testified€that€as€he€rolled€down€an€embankment,Ïhe€heard€two€or€three€shots€fired.€€The€car€then€took€off.€€ÌÌà ` àBrinkley€was€able€to€pull€the€tape€from€his€eyes€enough€to€see,€and€he€thenÏwalked€to€the€UPS€security€guard€station.€€One€guard€called€911€while€the€other€cutÏthe€tape€from€Brinkleyððs€face€and€wrists.€€An€ambulance€took€Brinkley€to€VanderbiltÏHospital€where€he€was€treated€for€a€fracture€to€his€upper€jaw,€a€large€cut€on€the€backÏof€his€scalp,€a€cut€on€his€left€thigh,€injuries€to€his€mouth,€and€rib€pain€suggesting€aÏfractured€rib.€€Brinkley€was€discharged€from€Vanderbilt€on€December€31,€1993.Ð Ð9p02 Їà ` àInvestigators€found€six€nine€millimeter€shell€casings,€two€outside€the€marketÏand€four€inside.€€Brinkley€acknowledged€that€the€fully„loaded€.357€revolver€found€onÏthe€floor€of€the€market€belonged€to€Barbee,€who€usually€carried€it€in€his€coat€pocket.€ÏAlso,€a€fully„loaded€nine€millimeter€semiautomatic€pistol€was€found€under€the€cashÏregister.€€Brinkley€identified€that€gun€as€belonging€to€him.€€Officer€Brad€CorcoranÏtestified€that€neither€of€these€weapons€appeared€to€have€been€fired.€€The€onlyÏfingerprints€identified€at€the€scene€were€those€of€Brinkley€and€Barbee.ÌÌà ` àOn€January€12,€1994,€the€day€Corey€Barbee€died,€homicide€detectives€JohnnyÏLawrence€and€Mike€Roland€interviewed€Brinkley.€€They€showed€Brinkley€aÏphotographic€array€from€which€Brinkley€identified€Defendant€as€the€leader€of€theÏgroup€that€kidnapped€him€and€killed€Barbee.ÌÌà ` àThe€day€after€Brinkley€was€released€from€the€hospital,€Defendant€called€himÏand€reiterated€that€he€wanted€the€deed€to€Brinkleyððs€house.€€When€Brinkley€askedÏwhy€Defendant€allowed€Barbee€to€be€killed,€Defendant€replied,€ð ðI€donððt€give€a€f„„„Ïabout€him.ðð€€Defendant€continued€to€call€Brinkley€every€day€and€sometimes€severalÏtimes€a€day.€€Brinkley€finally€called€the€police€because€of€the€harassing€calls€fromÏDefendant.€€Detectives€went€to€Brinkleyððs€house€and€recorded€two€incoming€callsÏfrom€Defendant.€€In€those€calls,€Brinkñ ñelñ ññ ñleñ ñy€and€Defendant€argued€about€the€shootingÏof€Barbee.€€However,€Detective€Clifford€Douglas€admitted€that€police€made€noÏattempt€to€trace€the€telephone€calls,€nor€was€any€voice€analysis€done€in€an€attemptÏto€determine€whether€the€calls€were€actually€made€by€Defendant.€€DefendantÏcontinued€to€call€Brinkley€until€Brinkley€was€incarcerated€for€food€stamp€fraud.Ìâ âÐ à7€.0 Ðà ` àBrinkley€acknowledged€that€after€the€incident,€he€was€admitted€to€TennesseeÏâ âChristian€Medical€Center€where€he€claimed€he€remained€for€about€a€month€forÏpsychological€problems.€€However,€Brinkley€admitted€on€cross„examination€that€heÏwas€only€at€the€mental€health€facility€for€twelve€days.€€Brinkley€told€a€doctor€at€theÏcenter€that€he€had€been€assaulted€and€kidnapped€for€no€reason€by€six€men.€ÏAlthough€documented€by€the€doctor,€Brinkely€denied€at€trial€telling€the€doctor€that€heÏheard€voices€in€his€head€or€that€he€had€fears€that€his€friends€would€turn€on€him.Ìà ` àÌà ` àThere€were€many€inconsistencies€in€Brinkleyððs€testimony.€€For€instance,ÏBrinkley€told€detectives€and€he€testified€at€the€preliminary€hearing€that€he€was€shot,Ïnot€grazed€in€the€leg€as€he€later€claimed.€€He€initially€told€police€that€his€ankles€wereÏtaped€while€he€was€in€the€car€and€that€a€hood€was€placed€over€his€head.€€However,Ïat€trial€he€testified€that€only€his€hands€were€bound€and€that€tape,€not€a€hood,€wasÏplaced€over€his€eyes.€€He€acknowledged€falsely€testifying€at€the€preliminary€hearingÏthat€his€nose€was€broken,€and€that€both€his€upper€and€lower€jaws€were€broken.€€HeÏtestified€that€during€the€beatings€that€he€called€his€cousin,€Becky€Bonds,€and€told€herÏto€go€to€the€G„Manððs€Market€and€try€and€find€his€wife.€€However,€Ms.€Bonds€testifiedÏthat€Brinkley€called€her€and€told€her€to€go€to€the€market€in€order€to€put€the€telephoneÏback€on€the€hook.€€€Brinkley€originally€told€police€that€he€was€assaulted€due€to€aÏdispute€about€ð ðrunning€numbers,ðð€not€drugs,€at€his€market.€€He€testified€at€theÏpreliminary€hearing€that€he€was€hospitalized€for€four€or€five€days.€€He€said€that€ifÏhospital€records€indicated€that€he€spent€only€one€night€in€the€hospital,€ð ðI€know€thatÏwould€be€a€lie.ðð€€Brinkley€testified€at€trial€that€he€first€met€Defendant€when€bothÏattended€Maplewood€High€School€in€1984€or€1985.€€However,€he€admitted€testifyingÏat€the€preliminary€hearing€that€he€met€Defendant€two€years€before€the€shooting€atÏhis€auto€detail€shop.€€There€were€also€numerous€inconsistencies€and€discrepanciesÐ Ð9p02 Ðin€his€testimony€pertaining€to€the€drug€transactions,€such€as€when€exactly€theÏtransactions€occurred€and€the€amount€of€drugs€and€money€actually€involved.€ÌÌñ ñœñ ñà@¾¾ DàòòI.ñ ñ›ñ ñ€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceóóˆÐ 0Ð Ðñ ñœ›ñ ñÌà ` àDefendant€raises€two€arguments€that€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€convictÏhim€of€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€kidnapping.€€First,€he€contends€thatÏthe€State€failed€to€prove€his€identity€as€perpetrator€of€the€crimes.€€Second,€he€arguesÏthat€the€evidence€was€insufficient€to€prove€that€he€was€criminally€responsible€underÏTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402€for€the€conduct€of€another€person€in€murdering€CoreyÏBarbee.ÌÌà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence,€theÏstandard€is€whether,€after€reviewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€theÏprosection,€any€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÏcrime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319€(1979).€Ð p& ÐThis€standard€is€applicable€to€findings€of€guilt€predicated€upon€direct€evidence,Ïcircumstantial€evidence€or€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€ÏòòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€On€appeal,€theÐ @,à"$ ÐState€is€entitled€to€the€strongest€legitimate€view€of€the€evidence€and€all€inferencesÏtherefrom.€€òòState€v.óó€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€€832,€835€(Tenn.€1978).€€Because€aÐ  0À&( Ðverdict€of€guilt€removes€the€presumption€of€innocence€and€replaces€it€with€aÏpresumption€of€guilt,€the€accused€has€the€burden€in€this€court€of€illustrating€why€theÏevidence€is€insufficient€to€support€the€verdict€returned€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.Ð ð5,. ÐTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982);€òòState€v.€Graceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476Ð à7€.0 Ð(Tenn.€1973).Ð Ð9p02 Їà ` àQuestions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€toÏbe€given€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€the€evidence,€areÏresolved€by€the€trier€of€fact,€not€this€court.€€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623Ð @ à Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó,€òòidóó.€(Tenn.€1987).€€Nor€may€this€courtÐ 0Ð Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€at€835.€€A€jury€verdictÐ  À Ðapproved€by€the€trial€judge€accredits€the€Stateððs€witnesses€and€resolves€all€conflictsÏin€favor€of€the€State.€€òòGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€at€476.€€Ð    ÐÌà ` àMoreover,€a€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€by€circumstantialÏevidence.€òòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973);€òòState€v.óó€òòJonesóó,€901Ð Ðp ÐS.W.2d€393,€396€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Lequireóó,€634€S.W.2d€608€(Tenn.Ð À` ÐCrim.€App.€1981).€However,€before€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€a€criminalÏoffense€based€upon€circumstantial€evidence€alone,€the€facts€and€circumstancesÏ"must€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€every€otherÏreasonable€hypothesis€save€guilt€of€the€defendant."€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.Ð €$  Ð478,€470€S.W.2d€610€(1971);€òòJonesóó,€901€S.W.2d€at€396.€In€other€words,€"[a]€web€ofÐ p& Ðguilt€must€be€woven€around€the€defendant€from€which€he€cannot€escape€and€fromÏwhich€facts€and€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonable€inferenceÏsave€the€guilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€òòCrawfordóó,€470€S.W.2dÐ @,à"$ Ðat€613;€òòState€v.€McAfeeóó,€737€S.W.2d€304,€306€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€Ð 0.Ð$& ÐÌòòA.€€IdentityóóÐ 2°(* Ðà ` àGarland€Brinkley€identified€Defendant€as€one€of€three€men€who€entered€hisÏstore€on€the€night€of€December€29,€1993,€and€kidnapped€him€after€one€of€the€menÏshot€ñ ñœñ ñCoreyñ ñ›ñ ñ€Barbee.€€Two€weeks€after€the€shooting,€homicide€detectives€interviewedÏBrinkley.€€The€detectives€showed€him€a€photographic€array€from€which€BrinkleyÐ Ð9p02 Ðidentified€Defendant€as€the€leader€of€that€group.€€Police€subsequently€tape„recordedÏtwo€phone€calls€from€Defendant€to€Brinkley,€in€which€the€two€angrily€discussed€theÏevents€of€December€29,€1993,€and€the€shooting€of€Barbee.€€Brinkley€identified€theÏvoice€at€the€other€end€of€those€calls€as€that€of€Defendant.€€At€trial,€Brinkley€identifiedÏDefendant€in€the€courtroom€as€the€person€who€was€present€when€Barbee€was€shotÏand€when€he€was€kidnapped.ÌÌà ` àDefendant€asserts€that€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñððs€identification€testimony€was€suspectÏbecause€of€inconsistencies€in€other€areas€of€his€testimony.€€However,€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñððsÏidentification€of€Defendant€as€the€perpetrator€was€never€contradicted€by€any€otherÏevidence€or€by€any€inconsistent€identifications.€€Again,€he€identified€Defendant€in€theÏphoto€lineup€as€the€perpetrator€as€well€as€the€in„court€identification€at€trial.€€He€alsoÏidentified€Defendantððs€voice€on€the€taped€telephone€calls.€€Despite€defense€counselððsÏattempt€to€impeach€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ,€the€jury€weighed€his€testimony€and€found€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñððsÏidentification€of€Defendant€sufficient€to€convict.€ÌÌà ` àIt€is€well„established€that€the€identification€of€a€defendant€as€the€perpetratorÏof€the€offense€for€which€he€is€on€trial€is€a€question€of€fact€for€determination€by€theÏjury.€€òòState€v.€Stricklandóó,€885€S.W.2d€85,€87€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993),€òòperm€toóóÐ @,à"$ Ðòòappeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1994).€€Further,€the€identification€testimony€of€a€victim€is,€byÐ 0.Ð$& Ðitself,€sufficient€to€support€a€conviction.€€òòIdóó.€€Garland€Brinkleyððs€identification€ofÐ  0À&( ÐDefendant€as€the€perpetrator€is€thus€sufficient€to€support€the€convictions€in€this€case.€ÏThis€issue€is€without€merit.ÌòòÌB.€€Criminal€ResponsibilityÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà ` àóóDefendant€argues€that€he€was€improperly€found€criminally€responsible€for€theÐ `  Ðconduct€of€his€masked€accomplice€who€shot€and€killed€Corey€Barbee.€€He€arguesÏthat€there€was€no€proof€that€he€shared€any€common€intent€with€that€assailant€or€thatÏhe€acted€with€intent€to€promote€or€assist€in€the€shooting.òòà  àóóÐ 0Ð ÐÌà ` àIn€order€to€convict€Defendant€under€the€theory€of€criminal€responsibility,€theÏState€was€required€to€prove€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€Defendant€solicited,Ïdirected,€aided€or€attempted€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offenses€whileÏð ðacting€with€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€of€the€offense[s],€or€toÏbenefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense[s].€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„Ð Ðp Ð402(2).€€This€code€provision€is€the€codification€of€the€ð ðnatural€and€probableÏconsequencesðð€rule€from€the€common€law€pertaining€to€€aiders€and€abettors.€€òòSeeóóÐ °P ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„11„402€Sentencing€Commission€Comments;€òòState€v.€Carsonóó,Ð   @ Ð950€S.W.2d€951,€953€(Tenn.€1997).€€Thus,€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€39„11„401Ïand€402,€an€individual€in€a€multiple€offender€felony€is€responsible€for€the€criminalÏacts€of€any€of€the€other€participants€if€the€individual€shares€in€the€intent€to€commit€theÏprimary€felony€and€the€criminal€acts€committed€by€the€other€participants€are€theÏnatural€and€probable€consequence€of€the€commission€of€the€primary€felony.€€òòIdóó.€atÐ P*ð " Ð953„54.ÌÌà ` àThe€evidence€in€this€case€shows€that€Defendant€and€the€unknown€shooterÏwere€united€in€the€common€purpose€of€committing€the€kidnapping€of€GarlandÏBrinkley.€€Defendant€had€been€involved€in€drug€deals€with€Brinkley.€€On€the€morningÏof€the€shooting,€Defendant€telephoned€Brinkley€to€demand€payment€of€a€drug€debtÏand€later€went€down€to€G„Manððs€Market€for€the€same€purpose.€€Later€that€same€day,ÏDefendant€and€two€unidentified€masked€men€together€burst€into€the€market€atÐ Ð9p02 Ðclosing€time.€€Defendant€and€at€least€one€of€the€other€men€were€armed.€€After€theÏfirst€masked€man€shot€Barbee,€the€three€perpetrators€abducted€Brinkley,€withÏDefendant€giving€the€orders€the€entire€time.€€As€the€car€drove€off,€Defendant€told€theÏshooter€to€put€duct€tape€over€Brinkelyððs€eyes€and€to€bind€his€hands.€€Defendant€heldÏthe€shooterððs€gun€while€the€tape€was€being€put€on€Brinkley.€€All€three€men€wereÏclearly€united€in€the€common€purpose€of€kidnapping€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ.Ìà ` àÌà ` àThe€murder€of€Corey€Barbee€occurred€as€a€natural€and€probable€consequenceÏof€the€kidnapping.€€As€the€men€entered€the€market€that€evening,€the€shooting€startedÏalmost€immediately.€€The€police€found€Barbeeððs€own€firearm€fully€loaded€andÏapparently€unfired€near€his€body.€€The€shooting€was€a€natural€and€probableÏconsequence€of€the€action€by€the€kidnappers.ÌÌà ` àThe€evidence,€together€with€the€reasonable€inferences€from€that€evidence,Ïclearly€demonstrate€the€Defendant€ð ðknowingly,€voluntarily,€and€with€common€intentÏñ ñœñ ñunite[dñ ñ›ñ ñ]€with€the€principal€offenders€in€the€commission€of€the€crimeðð€and€is,€thereforeÏliable€for€their€actions.€€òòCarsonóó,€950€S.W.2d€at€954€(òòquotingóó€òòState€v.óó€òòFosteróó,€755Ð `(  ÐS.W.2d€846,€848€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1988)).€€Viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÏfavorable€to€the€State,€as€we€are€required€to€do€upon€appeal,€a€reasonable€jury€couldÏhave€determined€that€Defendant€played€an€active€role€in€the€crime€by€acting€as€theÏleader€of€his€co„perpetrators,€thereby€aiding€the€commission€of€the€offenses€andÏacting€with€the€intent€to€assist€in€the€crimes.€€Clearly,€it€was€reasonable€for€the€juryÏto€conclude€that€Defendantððs€role€exceeded€mere€presence€and€that€he€associatedÏhimself€with€the€venture€and€shared€in€the€criminal€intent€of€the€perpetrators.€€òòSeeóóÐ ð5,. ÐòòCarsonóó,€€950€S.W.2d€at€954€(citation€omitted).€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð à7€.0 ÐÐ Ð9p02 Ðñ ñœñ ñà@dd"DàòòII.ñ ñ›ñ ñ€€Victimððs€CompensationóóˆÐ `  Ðñ ñœ›ñ ñÌà ` àThe€trial€court€refused€to€allow€defense€counsel€to€cross„examine€BrinkleyÏregarding€a€claim€he€had€filed€with€the€State€Division€of€Claims€Administration€forÏcriminal€victimððs€injury€compensation€under€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€29„13„101€òòetóó€òòseqóó.€€Ð  À ÐÌà ` àDuring€an€offer€of€proof€by€the€defense,€Brinkley€acknowledged€that€his€claimÏhad€been€dismissed.€€Defendant€argues€that€cross„examination€regarding€theÏvictimððs€compensation€claim€should€have€been€allowed€as€impeachment€evidenceÏof€bias€or€prejudice€under€Tenn.€R.€Evid.€616.€€Defendant€contends€that€the€excludedÏevidence€was€relevant€to€Brinkleyððs€credibility€by€its€suggestion€that€the€witnessÏexaggerated€his€injuries€ð ðin€a€failed€attempt€to€benefit€financially€from€the€crimesÏallegedly€committed€by€the€defendant.ðð€€In€other€words,€Defendant€argues€thatÏBrinkley€was€a€biased€witness€because€he€allegedly€had€a€financial€stake€in€theÏcriminal€prosecution.€€He€also€argues€that€the€excluded€evidence€showed€thatÏñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ€had€made€false€statements€of€his€injuries€in€the€application€for€victimððsÏcompensation.ÌÌà ` àIn€the€claim€filed,€Brinkley€alleged€that€he€was€shot,€beaten€and€kidnapped,Ïand€that€he€suffered€serious€injuries€to€his€leg,€neck,€head,€back€and€ribs.€€The€claimÏalso€alleged€that€Brinkley€knew€Defendant€ð ðfrom€their€neighborhood.ðð€€The€claimÏrequested€$5,000€for€mental€health€counseling,€$3,000€for€loss€of€income,€andÏ$50,000€for€ð ðpermanent€disability.ðð€€Brinkley€testified€at€trial€that€even€though€heÏsigned€the€claim€for€victimððs€compensation€that€his€attorney€actually€prepared€it€andÏthat€he€did€not€read€it€before€signing.ÌÐ Ð9p02 Ðà ` àAfter€a€careful€review€of€the€evidence,€we€find€that€it€was€error€to€exclude€theÏaforementioned€evidence€because€it€is€admissible€to€impeach€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñððs€credibility.€ÏThis€Court€has€held€that€ð ðfor€the€purpose€of€showing€interest,€or€bias,€a€witness€forÏthe€prosecution€in€a€criminal€case€may€be€questioned€as€to€whether€he€has€broughtÏan€action€against€the€accused,€based€on€the€acts€involved€in€the€criminal€case.ðð€ÏòòState€v.€ñ ñœñ ñHorneñ ñ›ñ ñóó,€652€S.W.2d€916,€919€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983).€€In€the€instant€case,Ð °  Ðthe€excluded€evidence€showed€that€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ,€the€key€witness€in€this€case,€soughtÏmonetary€compensation€in€the€total€amount€of€$73,000€due€to€Defendantððs€actions.€ÏIn€seeking€such€compensation,€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ€signed€a€notarized€statement€averring€thatÏhe€was€permanently€disabled.€€His€claim€was€later€dismissed€because€he€wasÏunable€to€offer€proof€ñ ñœñ ñofñ ñ›ñ ñ€his€losses€and€expenses.€€At€trial,€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñððs€testimony€madeÏno€reference€to€him€being€permanently€disabled.€€The€excluded€evidence€ñ ñœñ ñcouldñ ñ›ñ ñ€haveÏsuggested€to€the€jury€that€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ€exaggerated€the€nature€of€his€injuries€in€anÏattempt€to€benefit€financially€from€the€crimes€allegedly€committed€by€Defendant.€ÏThis€is€precisely€the€type€of€evidence€rendered€admissible€to€show€bias€or€prejudiceÏunder€Tenn.€R.€ñ ñœñ ñEvid.ñ ñ›ñ ñ€616.€€Ì€Ìà ` àHowever,€as€mentioned€before,€Brinkleyððs€claim€had€been€dismissed€beforeÏhe€testified€at€the€trial€in€this€case.€€Therefore,€at€the€time€of€his€trial€testimony,ÏBrinkley€had€no€real€pecuniary€interest€in€the€case.€€ñ ñœñ ñFurthermore,ñ ñ›ñ ñ€even€though€theÏclaim€for€compensation€was€erroneously€excluded,€we€find€that€ample€evidence€hadÏalready€been€admitted€regarding€Brinkleyððs€prior€inconsistent€statements.€€ForÏinstance,€defense€counsel€vigorously€cross„examined€Brinkley€regarding€his€priorÏstatement€about€the€nature€and€extent€of€his€injuries€and€the€length€of€hisÏhospitalization.€€A€Vanderbilt€University€trauma€surgeon€who€treated€Brinkley€alsoÏrevealed€further€inconsistencies€in€Brinkelyððs€descriptions€of€his€injuries,€as€did€theÐ Ð9p02 Ðadmission€notes€and€discharge€summaries€recounting€his€complaints€when€he€wasÏtreated.€€ñ ñœñ ñÌÌà ` àAlthoughñ ñ›ñ ñ€we€believe€that€the€trial€judge€should€have€admitted€the€evidence,Ïwe€do€not€believe€his€failure€to€do€so€resulted€in€reversible€error.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.Ï36(b).€€We€find€that€the€trial€courtððs€ruling€in€not€allowing€cross„examination€regardingÏBrinkelyððs€victimððs€compensation€claim€did€not€affect€the€outcome€of€the€trial€in€thisÏcase,€and€that€any€error€in€not€allowing€it€was€harmless.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a);ÏTenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b).ÌÌñ ñœñ ñà@DàòòIII.ñ ñ›ñ ñ€€Prior€Incarceration€StatementóóˆÐ À` Ðñ ñœ›ñ ñÌà ` àIn€this€issue,€Defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€overruling€hisÏobjection€to€Brinkleyððs€references€to€Defendantððs€prior€incarceration.€€BrinkleyÏtestified€on€direct€examination€that€he€was€involved€in€two€cocaine€transactions€withÏDefendant€prior€to€the€shooing€at€G„Manððs€Market.€€During€cross„examination€ofÏBrinkley,€defense€counsel€was€exploring€the€timing€and€circumstances€of€Brinkñ ñelñ ññ ñleñ ñyððsÏprior€drug€transactions€with€Defendant.€€Defense€counsel€was€also€trying€to€establishÏthat€Brinkley€had€no€personal€dealings€with€Defendant,€but€only€with€a€man€namedÏð ðEric,ðð€described€by€Brinkley€as€Defendantððs€ð ðgo„between.ðð€€The€following€exchangeÏoccurred€in€the€presence€of€the€jury:ÌÓÓÌÓ¤ƒÓÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ€(By€Ms.€Tucker):€Okay.€€And€I€want€to€look€at,€if€we€can,Ïthese€deals€that€youððre€talking€about.€€Okay?€€You€saidÏthere€were€two€separate€incidents,€right?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Yeah.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€Two€separate€transactions?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÐ Ð9p02 Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Yes.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€That€you€got€through€Eric,€right?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Yes.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€And€I€believe€you€said€it€was€how€long€before€thisÏincident€happened?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Maybe€about€three€weeks.€€I€think€about€three€weeks.€ÏIððm€not€sure.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€Do€you€remember€telling€Detective€Johnny€LawrenceÏit€was€about€six€and€a€half€months€before€this€incidentÏhappened?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€What,€from€the€prior€time€he€got€out?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€Iððm€talking€about€the€first€deal.€€Was€it€six€and€a€halfÏmonths€or€three€weeks€before€this€incident?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Well,€when€it€happened?€€When€the€incidentÏhappened?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€The€first„„right.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€No.€€When„„Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€The€first€drug€transaction.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€It€was€like€three€weeks€in€that€period€of€time.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€Okay.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€But€after„„after€he€got€out€of€jail„„Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àMs.€Tucker:€Okay.€€Your€Honor,€Iððm€going€to€object€to€thatÏas€completely€ñ ñœñ ñirrelevant.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðñ ñ›ñ ñÌÓ̓ÓÌà ` àBrinkleyððs€first€reference€to€Defendantððs€incarceration,€ð ðthe€prior€time€heÏ[Defendant]€got€out,ðð€drew€no€objection€from€defense€counsel.€€However,€counsel€didÏobject€to€the€reference€ð ðafter€he€got€out€of€jail,ðð€as€irrelevant€and€nonresponsive.€€TheÏâ âtrial€court€overruled€the€objection,€noting€that€Brinkleyððs€comment€was€in€factÐ è6ˆ-/ Ðresponsive€to€defense€counselððs€question.€€A€few€minutes€later,€the€followingÏexchange€occurred,€also€in€the€presence€of€the€jury:Ìâ âÓÓÌÓ!ŽÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€(By€Ms.€Tucker):€Those€are€the€only€deliveries€that€youÏsay€were€between€you€and€Harold€Shaw?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Yeah.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€The€only€ones?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Yeah.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€And€they€were€both€delivered€by€Eric?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Right.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àQ:€Okay.€€The€first€transaction,€how€long€before€theÏshooting€of€Bruno€was€it?Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓFÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àA:€Like€I€said€at€first,€he€wasnððt€even€out€of€jail€yet.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà ` àDefense€counsel€made€no€objection€at€all€to€this€third€reference€to€DefendantððsÏprior€incarceration.€€All€three€comments€regarding€Defendantððs€previousÏincarceration€came€during€defense€counselððs€aggressive€cross„examination.€ÏBrinkley€never€mentioned€the€offense(s)€for€which€Defendant€had€been€incarcerated.€ÏBy€exploring€the€timing€of€Brinkñ ñelñ ññ ñleñ ñyððs€drug€deals€with€Defendant,€the€defense€openedÏthe€door€to€the€relevant€fact€that€their€course€of€drug€dealing€began€while€DefendantÏwas€still€in€jail.€€€As€the€trial€court€found,€the€references€made€by€Brinkñ ñelñ ññ ñleñ ñy€wereÏresponsive€to€defense€counselððs€questions,€and€we€therefore€find€this€issue€to€beÏwithout€merit.Ìà@DD/DàòòˆÌà@//)DàIV.€€MistrialóóˆÐ ð5,. Ðâ âÐ à7€.0 Ðà ` àDuring€cross„examination€of€a€police€detective€called€as€a€witness€byÏâ âDefendant,€the€State€asked€if€Defendant€was€on€the€TBIððs€ð ðMost€Wanted€Listðð€at€theÏtime€of€his€taped€telephone€calls€to€Brinkley.€€Defense€counsel€moved€for€a€mistrialÏand€the€trial€court€conducted€a€bench€conference€out€of€the€hearing€of€the€jury.€€TheÏcourt€found€that€an€earlier€witness,€Homicide€Detective€Johnny€Lawrence,€hadÏalready€testified,€without€objection,€that€Defendant€was€placed€on€the€TBIððs€ð ðMostÏWanted€List.ðð€€Although€the€trial€court€denied€the€mistrial€motion,€it€did€instruct€theÏprosecutor€to€not€ð ðgo€any€further€on€it,€General.ðð€€Defense€counsel€did€not€requestÏa€curative€instruction.ÌÌà ` àWhether€an€occurrence€during€the€course€of€a€trial€warrants€ñ ñœñ ñañ ñ›ñ ñ€mistrial€is€aÏmatter€which€addresses€itself€to€the€sound€discretion€of€the€trial€court,€and€this€CourtÏwill€not€interfere€with€the€exercise€of€that€discretion€absent€clear€abuse.€€òòState€v.Ð   @ ÐMcPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€365,€370€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóóÐ "0 Ð(Tenn.€1994).€€The€burden€of€establishing€the€necessity€for€mistrial€lies€with€the€partyÏseeking€it.€€òòState€v.€Williamsóó,€929€S.W.2d€385,€388€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996).€€InÐ p& Ðmaking€this€determination,€no€abstract€formula€should€be€mechanically€applied,€andÏall€circumstances€should€be€taken€into€account.€€òòState€v.€Mounceóó,€859€S.W.2d€319,Ð P*ð " Ð322€(Tenn.€1993).ÌÌà ` àWhen€the€trial€court€denied€Defendantððs€motion€for€a€mistrial,€DefendantÏshould€have€requested€a€curative€instruction.€€òòSeeóó€òòMcPhersonóó,€882€S.W.2d€at€371.€Ð 2°(* Ðð ð[ñ ñœñ ñA]nñ ñ›ñ ñ€accused€is€not€entitled€to€relief€when€he€fails€ððto€take€whatever€action€wasÏreasonably€available€to€prevent€or€nullify€the€harmful€effect€of€an€error.ðððð€òòIdóó.€€(òòcitingóóÐ ð5,. ÐTenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(a)).€€As€the€òòMcPhersonóó€court€points€out,€counsel€may€haveÐ à7€.0 Ðwanted€to€avoid€calling€further€attention€to€the€matter€by€asking€for€an€instruction.€Ð Ð9p02 ÐSuch€a€decision€would€have€been€a€legitimate€trial€tactic.€€882€S.W.2d€at€371.€ÏNonetheless,€failure€to€request€a€curative€instruction€technically€waives€this€issue.€ÏÌÌà ` àHowever,€even€after€having€reviewed€the€record,€we€are€unable€to€concludeÏthat€the€second€question€regarding€Defendant€being€on€TBIððs€ð ðMost€Wanted€Listð ðÏcreated€a€manifest€necessity€for€a€mistrial.€€We€cannot€say€that€the€question€ð ðmoreÏprobably€than€not€affected€the€judgmentðð€in€this€case.€€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€36(b);€Tenn.ÏR.€Crim.€P.€52(a).€€The€question€had€previously€been€asked€without€ñ ñœñ ñobjectionñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€ñ ñœñ ñandñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñÐ  :À00 Ðthe€Defendantððs€objection€and€the€trial€courtððs€action€prevented€the€witness€fromÏeven€answering.€€Thus,€we€cannot€say€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€inÏdenying€Defendantððs€motion€for€a€mistrial.€€Any€error€was€harmless.€€Tenn.€R.€App.ÏP.€36(b);€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(a).ÌÌñ ñœñ ñà@° ° DàòòV.ñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€€Failure€to€Charge€Lesser€Included€OffenseóóˆÐ ˆ(  Ðñ ñœ›ñ ññ ññ ñÌà ` àDefendant€argues€in€this€issue€that€the€trial€court€erred€by€not€charging€the€juryÏwith€the€lesser€included€offense€of€facilitation€of€second€degree€murder.€€The€juryÏwas€charged€on€the€offenses€of€premeditated€first€degree€murder,€criminalÏresponsibility€for€facilitation€of€first€degree€murder,€and€second€degree€murder.€€AsÏto€all€of€these€charges,€the€court€instructed€the€jury€regarding€the€concept€of€criminalÏresponsibility€for€the€conduct€of€another.€€Defendant€contends€that€facilitation€ofÏsecond€degree€murder€should€have€also€been€charged.€€However,€Defendant€failedÏto€raise€this€issue€in€his€motion€for€new€trial.€€In€òòHarrison€v.€Stateóó,€532€S.W.2d€566Ð Ð%p Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1975),€and€again€later€in€òòState€v.€Spadafinaóó,€952€S.W.2d€444Ð Ø'x Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1996),€this€Court€held€that€the€failure€to€raise€this€very€issue€in€aÏmotion€for€new€trial€waived€the€issue€on€appeal.€This€Court€also€stated€that€unlessÏthe€trial€court€were€given€an€opportunity€to€address€the€issue€through€a€motion€forÏnew€trial,€then€the€issue€will€not€be€considered€on€appeal.€€òòSpadafinaóó,€952€S.W.2dÐ ø/˜&& Ðat€451€(citation€omitted);€òòsee€alsoóó€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€3(e).Ð 2 (( ÐÌà ` àHowever,€Defendant€contends€that€this€Court€should€recognize€plain€error€inÏthis€instance.€€This€Court€may,€in€an€exercise€of€its€discretion,€consider€an€issueÏwhich€has€been€waived.€€In€order€for€this€Court€to€find€plain€error,€the€error€mustÐ  :À00 Ðaffect€a€substantial€right€of€the€accused.€€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€After€a€carefulÏreview€of€the€record,€we€find€that€the€evidence€in€this€case€did€not€fairly€raise€theÏissue€of€facilitation€of€second€degree€murder€as€a€lesser€offense,€and€the€trial€courtÏtherefore€properly€omitted€it€from€the€jury€instructions.€€This€Court€has€held€that€aÏjury€should€be€instructed€on€facilitation€only€when€the€evidence€raises€an€issue€thatÏthe€defendant€ñ ñœñ ñð ðlackedñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€in,€or€benefit€ñ ñœñ ñfrom,ñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€theÏ[underlying]€felonyððs€commission.ðð€€òòState€v.€ñ ñœñ ñUtleyñ ñ›ñ ñóó,€928€S.W.2d€448,€452€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð 0  ÐApp.€ñ ñœñ ñ1995).ñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€€The€general€rule€is€that€a€trial€court€need€only€instruct€on€a€lesserÏoffense€when€the€evidence€would€support€a€conviction€for€that€offense.€€òòState€v.Ð  @ ÐTrustyóó,€919€S.W.2d€305,€311€n.5€(Tenn.€1996).€€Ð ¨H ÐÌà ` àThe€record€in€the€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€as€fully€explained€in€Issue€I,€clearlyÐ ¸X Ðsupports€Defendantððs€conviction€for€criminal€responsibility€for€the€shooting€of€ñ ñœñ ñCoreyñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñÏñ ñœñ ñBarbeeñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ,€and€is€devoid€of€any€evidence€upon€which€a€rational€jury€could€have€foundÏhim€guilty€of€mere€facilitation.€€A€defendant€is€responsible€for€facilitation€of€a€felonyÏif€ð ðknowing€that€another€intends€to€commit€a€specific€felony,€òòbut€without€theóó€òòintentÐ Ø'x Ðrequired€for€criminal€responsibility€under€ðð€39„11„402(2)óó,€the€person€knowinglyÐ à)€  Ðfurnishes€substantial€assistance€in€the€commission€of€the€felony.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€39„11„403€(emphasis€added).€€There€is€no€evidence€in€the€record€that€DefendantÏknew€of€his€accompliceððs€intent€to€shoot€ñ ñœñ ñBarbeeñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€but€lacked€the€intent€to€benefit€fromÏthe€felonious€conduct.€€On€the€contrary,€the€evidence€shows€that€Defendant€knewÏof€the€armed€ñ ñœñ ñkidnappingñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€and€the€natural€and€probable€consequence€that€a€shootingÏwould€occur,€and€he€intended€to€benefit€from€it€all.€€The€evidence€showed€that€theÏarmed€ñ ñœñ ñkidnappingñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€was€part€of€an€effort€by€Defendant€to€collect€drug€debts€fromÏñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ñ.€€Thus,€the€evidence€showed€an€intent€by€Defendant€ð ðto€benefit€in€theÐ  :À00 Ðproceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,ðð€a€key€element€of€the€intent€required€for€criminalÏresponsibility.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€ñ ñœñ ñ39„11„402(2).ñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€€Therefore,€Defendant€lackedÐ h  Ðthe€mental€state€for€facilitation.€€In€the€context€of€plain€error,€we€see€nothing€thatÏaffects€the€substantial€rights€of€Defendant.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€52(b).€€This€issueÐ x Ðis€without€ñ ñœñ ñmerit.Ìòòñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñÌñ ñœñ ñà@hh(DàVI.ñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€€SentencingóóˆÐ 0  Ðñ ñœ›ñ ññ ññ ñÌà ` àWhen€an€accused€challenges€the€length,€range,€or€the€manner€of€service€ofÏa€sentence,€this€court€has€a€duty€to€conduct€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€the€sentence€withÐ ¨H Ða€presumption€that€the€determinations€made€by€the€trial€court€are€correct.€€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d).€€This€presumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmativeÏshowing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principles€andÏall€relevant€facts€and€circumstances."€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.Ð È#h Ð1991).ÌÌà ` àIn€conducting€a€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€Court€must€consider€theÐ à)€  Ðevidence€adduced€at€trial€and€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€presentence€report,€theÏprinciples€of€sentencing,€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencingÏalternatives,€the€nature€of€the€offense,€and€the€defendantððs€potential€forÏrehabilitation.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210;€òòState€v.€Parkeróó,€932€S.W.2d€945,€955„Ð 2 (( Ð56€(Tenn.€Crim€App.€1996).Ìà ` àÌà ` àIf€our€review€reflects€that€the€trial€court€followed€the€statutory€sentencingÏprocedure,€imposed€a€lawful€sentence€after€having€given€due€consideration€andÐ  :À00 Ðproper€weight€to€the€factors€and€principals€set€out€under€the€sentencing€law,€and€thatÏthe€trial€court's€findings€of€fact€are€adequately€supported€by€the€record,€then€we€mayÏnot€modify€the€sentence€even€if€we€would€have€preferred€a€different€result.€€òòState€v.Ð p  ÐFletcheróó,€805€S.W.2d€785,€789€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991).€€After€a€careful€review€ofÐ x Ðthe€record,€we€conclude€that€the€trial€court€failed€to€follow€proper€statutoryÏsentencing€guidelines,€and€therefore,€review€by€this€Court€will€be€òòdeóó€òònovoóó€without€theÐ ˆ(  Ðpresumption€of€correctness.ÌÌòòA.€€RangeóóÐ  @ Ðà ` àDefendant€was€sentenced€by€the€trial€court€as€a€Range€II€Multiple€Offender.€ÏHowever,€the€State€concedes,€and€we€agree,€that€Defendant€should€be€sentencedÏas€a€Range€I€Standard€Offender.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„202(a).€€Ð ¸X ÐÌòòB.€€Enhancement€FactorsÐ È#h Ðà ` àóóThe€trial€court€found€the€five€following€enhancement€factors€to€be€applicableÐ Ð%p Ðto€Defendantððs€convictions€of€second€degree€murder€and€aggravated€kidnapping:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à1.€€Defendant€has€a€previous€history€of€criminalÏconvictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€thoseÏnecessary€to€establish€the€appropriate€range;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à2.€€Defendant€was€a€leader€in€the€commission€of€anÏoffense€involving€two€(2)€or€more€criminal€actors;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à3.€€The€offense€involved€more€than€one€victim;Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à4.€€Defendant€treated€or€allowed€a€victim€to€be€treated€withÏexceptional€cruelty€during€the€commission€of€the€offense;Ïand€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à5.€€Defendant€had€no€hesitation€about€committing€a€crimeÏwhen€the€risk€to€human€life€was€high.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓƼÓÐ 9¼// ÐòòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1),€(2),€(3),€(5)€and€(10).€€The€trial€court€found€noÐ `  Ðapplicable€statutory€mitigating€factors.€€Defendant€does€not€contest€the€applicabilityÏof€the€enhancement€factor€pertaining€to€his€previous€history€of€criminal€behavior€orÏthe€factor€pertaining€to€him€being€a€leader€where€there€are€two€or€more€criminalÏactors.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€and€(2).€€Defendant€also€does€notÐ €  Ðchallenge€the€applicability€of€the€exceptional€cruelty€factor€to€the€aggravatedÏkidnapping€conviction.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5).€€However,€DefendantÐ 0  Ðdoes€challenge€three€other€factors€to€the€second€degree€murder€conviction,€and€twoÏfactors€to€the€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction.ÌÌà ` àFirst,€the€State€concedes,€and€we€agree,€that€enhancement€factor€(3),€that€theÏoffense€involves€multiple€victims,€does€not€apply€in€this€case.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ð ¸X Ððð€40„35„114(3).€€Defendant€was€convicted€of€the€second€degree€murder€of€the€victimÏBarbee,€and€was€convicted€of€the€aggravated€kidnapping€of€the€victim€Brinkley.€€ThisÏCourt€has€held€that€where€a€defendant€is€convicted€of€a€separate€offense€againstÏeach€of€the€two€victims,€this€enhancement€factor€does€not€apply.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð Ø'x ÐWilliamsonóó,€919€S.W.2d€69,€82€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð à)€  Ð114(3).€Therefore,€enhancement€factor€(3)€should€not€be€applied€to€either€conviction.ÌÌà ` àNext,€Defendant€contends€that€the€enhancement€factor€involving€exceptionalÏcruelty€to€the€victim€does€not€apply€to€the€second€degree€murder€conviction.€€òòSeeóóÐ 2 (( ÐTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5).€€However,€he€does€concede€that€it€applies€to€theÏaggravated€kidnapping€conviction.€€The€evidence€shows€that€victim€Corey€BarbeeÏwas€shot€five€or€six€times€by€his€assailant€and€died€approximately€two€weeks€laterÏin€the€hospital.€€This€Court€has€held€that€the€application€of€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„Ð  :À00 Ð114(5)€requires€a€finding€of€cruelty€over€and€above€that€inherently€attendant€to€theÏcrime€for€which€the€defendant€is€convicted.€€òòState€v.€Embryóó,€915€S.W.2d€451,€456Ð h  Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995).€€This€factor€has€typically€been€applied€in€situations€whereÏthe€victim(s)€were€tortured€or€abused.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€825€S.W.2d€109,€113Ð x Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1991),€òòperm.€to€appeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1992).€€Although€it€wasÐ €  Ðundoubtedly€cruel€to€shoot€the€victim€multiple€times€at€close€range,€this€caseÏinvolved€no€extended€length€of€torture,€nor€any€unusual€type€of€abuse€that€wouldÏuphold€this€factor.€€We€find€no€evidence€in€the€record€to€support€a€finding€ofÏexceptional€cruelty.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€John€Dennis€Rushingóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9501„Ð  @ ÐCR„00020,€Davidson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Feb.€13,€1996).€€In€òòStateÐ ¨H Ðv.€Thomas€Edwardóó€òòMurphy,€Jr.óó,€C.C.A.€No.€02C01„9502„CC„00032,€Fayette€CountyÐ °P Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Jackson,€June€28,€1996),€this€Court€held€that€Tenn.€Code€Ann.Ïðð€40„35„114(5)€did€not€apply€to€a€second€degree€murder€conviction€where€the€victimÏwas€shot€twice€in€the€chest€and€once€in€the€head.€Ìà ` àÌà ` àFurthermore,€the€victimððs€medical€complications€which€may€have€caused€himÏto€suffer€before€his€ultimate€death€do€not€affect€the€applicability€of€this€particularÏenhancement€factor.€€This€Court€has€specifically€limited€the€application€of€Tenn.ÏCode€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(5)€to€the€treatment€of€the€victim€during€the€commission€ofÏthe€offense.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Robert€William€Holmesóó,€C.C.A.€No.€01C01„9303„CC„Ð ø/˜&& Ð00090,€Montgomery€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Aug.€11,€1994),€òòperm.€toÐ 2 (( Ðappeal€deniedóó€(Tenn.€1995).€€Based€on€the€foregoing,€we€find€that€the€trial€courtÐ 4¨** Ðerred€in€applying€enhancement€factor€(5)€to€the€second€degree€murder€conviction,Ïbut€as€Defendant€concedes,€it€is€applicable€to€the€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction.Ìà ` àÐ  :À00 Ðà ` àDefendant€also€challenges€the€applicability€to€both€convictions€ofÏenhancement€factor€(10),€ð ðno€hesitation€to€commit€the€crime€when€the€risk€to€humanÏlife€was€high.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(10).€€The€courts€of€this€State€haveÏconsistently€held€that€this€factor€does€apply,€however,€when€persons€other€than€theÏintended€victim€are€present€and€placed€at€risk€of€harm.€€òòSeeóó,€òòe.g.óó,€òòState€v.€Ruaneóó,Ð €  Ð912€S.W.2d€766,€784€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1995);€òòState€v.€Makokaóó,€885€S.W.2d€366,Ð ˆ(  Ð373€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1994).€€In€this€case,€Brinkley€was€present€and€in€closeÏproximity€when€the€intruders€entered€the€market€and€fired€five€or€six€shots€at€CoreyÏBarbee.€€Also,€the€intrusion€by€the€three€men,€at€least€two€of€whom€carried€firearmsÏwith€the€intent€to€kidnap€ñ ñœñ ñBrinkleyñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ,€placed€Barbee€at€risk€of€his€life€and€in€fact€resultedÏin€his€death.€€Therefore,€each€of€Defendantððs€offenses€was€committed€underÏcircumstances€which€created€a€high€risk€to€the€life€of€a€person€other€than€theÏintended€victim.€€The€trial€court€properly€applied€enhancement€factor€(10)€to€both€theÏsecond€degree€murder€conviction€and€the€aggravated€kidnapping€conviction.€€ÌÌà ` àIn€summary,€upon€remand€for€resentencing€within€Range€I,€the€trial€courtÏshould€apply€enhancement€factors€(1),€(2)€and€(10)€to€the€second€degree€murderÏconviction€and€enhancement€factors€(1),€(2),€(5)€and€(10)€to€the€aggravatedÏkidnapping€conviction.ÌÌòòC.€€Consecutive€SentencingóóÐ 2 (( Ðà ` àIn€ordering€that€Defendantððs€sentences€for€aggravated€kidnapping€and€secondÏdegree€murder€be€served€consecutively,€the€trial€court€stated:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#à[T]he€Court€recalls€that€this€was€a€case€where€an€innocentÏâ âbystander,€in€all€effect,€was€just€shot€down€because,€itððsÐ 9¼// Ðapparent€from€the€proof€in€this€case,€the€Defendant€did€notÏreceive€his€money€from€drug€transactions.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  Ðâ âÌà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€scourge€of€this€community€is€based€on€drugÏtransactions.€€Most€of€the€difficulty€we€have€in€this€court€isÏthe€result€of€drug€transactions.€€This€[ñ ñœñ ñc]ourtñ ñ›ñ ñ€has€noÏsympathy,€whatsoever,€for€an€individual€that€participates,Ïor€commits,€murder€to€enforce€drug€transactions.Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÓm×ÓÌThe€trial€court€failed€to€follow€proper€statutory€sentencing€procedure,€in€that€it€did€notÏset€forth€the€required€statutory€reasoning€in€imposing€consecutive€sentences.€ÏTherefore,€on€remand€of€this€case€to€the€trial€court,€it€must€state€specific€findings€ofÏfact€and€ñ ñœñ ññ ñconclusioñ ññ ñnsñ ññ ñ€of€lawñ ññ ñ›statutoryñ ññ ñ›€reasoningñ ññ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€on€the€record€if€consecutive€sentencing€is€imposed.€€ÌÌà ` àDefendant€also€contends€that€even€if€consecutive€sentencing€was€proper€inÏthe€case€òòsubóó€òòjudiceóó,€the€trial€court€nevertheless€erred€in€ordering€his€sentences€inÐ ¸X Ðthis€case€to€be€served€consecutively€to€his€sentence€in€another€case,€DavidsonÏCounty€Criminal€Court€docket€no.€92„A„104.€€Defendant€argues€that€the€convictionÏin€that€case€has€not€been€reduced€to€judgment€and€the€sentence€has€not€yet€beenÏimposed,€thereby€not€making€it€a€previously€imposed€sentence€to€which€the€presentÏsentences€may€be€run€consecutively.ÌÌà ` àThe€detailed€facts€surrounding€this€issue€reveal€that€in€May€of€1993,ÏDefendant€went€to€trial€and€was€convicted€by€a€jury€on€the€charge€of€possession€ofÏcocaine€with€intent€to€deliver,€a€Class€B€felony.€€The€trial€court€sentenced€DefendantÏto€eight€(8)€years€as€a€Range€I€Offender.€€However,€subsequently€on€a€post„verdictÏmotion€for€judgment€of€acquittal,€the€trial€court€concluded€that€the€evidence€ofÏDefendantððs€intent€to€deliver€was€insufficient.€€The€court€therefore€set€aside€theÏverdict,€acquitted€Defendant€of€felony€possession,€and€sentenced€him€to€eleven€(11)Ð  :À00 Ðmonths€and€twenty„nine€(29)€days€for€misdemeanor€cocaine€possession.€€The€StateÏappealed.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Harold€Wayne€Shawóó,€C.C.A.€No.€€ñ ñœñ ñ01C01ñ ñ›ñ ñ„9312„CR„00439,ñ ññ ñÐ h  Ðslip€op.€at€1,€Davidson€County€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Nashville,€Oct.€24,€1996).ÌÌà ` àThe€Stateððs€appeal€was€pending€at€the€time€Defendant€committed€the€offensesÏin€this€case.€€On€October€24,€1996,€this€Court€issued€its€decision€reversing€the€trialÏcourtððs€action.€€This€Court€expressly€ordered€the€following€in€regard€to€sentencing:ÌÓÓà8 ` àà8¸ ` (#` (#àThe€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€for€it€to€reinstateÏthe€eight„year€sentence€and€five€thousand€dollar€fine€andÏto€enter€a€judgment€of€conviction€for€possession€ofÏcocaine€with€the€intent€to€deliver,€a€Class€B€felony.€€Ð ¸ Ð ¸ Ð  ÐÌÓ±âÓòòIdóó.,€slip€op.€at€4.€€Defendant€did€not€apply€to€the€supreme€court€for€permission€toÐ ¬L Ðappeal,€and€the€mandate€issued€January€2,€1997.ÌÌà ` àThe€effect€of€this€Courtððs€reversal€of€the€trial€courtððs€action€was€to€restore€theÏoriginal€felony€conviction€as€if€the€trial€court€had€never€set€it€aside.€€A€decision€of€anÏappellate€court€reversing€or€modifying€a€trial€court€decision€is€effective€retroactivelyÏto€the€date€of€the€original€judgment,€unless€the€appellate€court€judgment€specifiesÏotherwise.€€òòGotten€v.€Gottenóó,€748€S.W.2d€430,€431€(Tenn.€App.€1987).Ð ä*„!! Ðà ` àÌà ` àIn€defendantððs€case,€this€Court€explicitly€directed€the€trial€court€on€remand€toÏreinstate€the€Class€B€felony€conviction€and€the€eight€(8)€year€sentence€as€well€as€theÏoriginal€fine€imposed.€€òòShawóó,€C.C.A.€No.€€ñ ñœñ ñ01C01ñ ñ›ñ ñ„9312„CR„00439,ñ ññ ñ€slip€op.€at€4.€Ð 3¤)) ÐDefendantððs€1993€felony€conviction€for€possession€of€cocaine€with€intent€to€deliverÏwas€therefore€reinstated€retroactively€to€the€date€it€was€originally€entered.€€ThatÏmakes€the€eight€(8)€year€sentence€on€that€conviction€a€previously€imposed€sentence.€Ð 9¼// ÐThe€trial€court€was€therefore€authorized€by€Tenn.€R.€Crim.€P.€32(c)(2)€to€run€theÏsentences€in€this€case€consecutively€to€the€sentence€in€the€earlier€case.€€This€issueÏis€without€merit.ÌÌñ ñœñ ñà@..*DàòòConclusionóóñ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñˆÐ €  Ðà ` àÌñ ñœ›ñ ññ ññ ñà ` àBased€on€all€the€foregoing,€Defendantððs€convictions€for€second€degree€murderÏand€aggravated€kidnapping€are€ñ ñœñ ñaffirmed.€€ñ ñTñ ññ ñtñ ñhñ ñeñ ññ ñisñ ññ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ€case€is€remanded€to€the€trial€court€forÏresentencing€in€accordance€with€this€opinion.Ìñ ñœñ ññ ñÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌJOHN€H.€PEAY,€JudgeÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌL.T.€LAFFERTY,€Special€Judgeñ ññ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñà  àÐ è+ˆ"" Ðñ ñœñ ññ ñÌÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À à____________________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àTHOMAS€T.€WOODALL,€JudgeÌÌÌÌCONCUR:ÌÌÌÌ___________________________________ÌÌÌÐ  :À00 Ð___________________________________Ìñ ññ ñ›ñ ññ ññ ñ