WPCe WiC?iqSnv_a i7({Z{q{uܻ} pSveFÁ>Kl]-.pdPl@<+D-5.dv}YY:r^ZfhnF2$'h@H)T Y8@JyoX*s1 7 ˫sYWc>B 9ߢgks}}܊,/6Q=IӤY `Y>Gz.t}EG*&.}G,T# F UNQ % 0( w@ 4 ! 0 U :8 U:r 0 U:_  0DYU:bU:U:U: U: B,,,,,,,, D3III 0D|||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||| AO 0D D/ BHHP LaserJet 4SiHPPCL5MS,,,,,,0nLh(hH  Z 6Times New Roman RegularX($ %&'()D*+/e01ӀuM%3|x:,@AZ"Arial Regular,@ AZ"Arial Regular(c(2$ !  X XXXX   `   0  ,cAZ"Arial Regular   H$X XRjXXX   `   1     XRjXX XRjItappearstheSupremeCourtmayhavecriticizedtheholdingsinStatev.Belser,  945S.W.2d776(Tenn.Crim.App.1996)andStatev.Ruane,912S.W.2d766(Tenn.  Crim.App.1995).# XRjXX XRj#(#$  0     H$XXRjXXX   `   1    XRjXX XRjItwouldappeartheSupremeCourtmayhavecriticizedtheholdingsinStatev.  Belser,945S.W.2d776(Tenn.Crim.App.1996)andStatev.Ruane,912S.W.2d766  (Tenn.Crim.App.1995).#XRjXX XRj#,cAZ"Arial Regular,@AZ"Arial Regular   H$XXRjXXX   `   1    XRjXX XRjItappearstheSupremeCourtmayhavecriticizedtheholdingsinStatev.Belser,  945S.W.2d776(Tenn.Crim.App.1996)andStatev.Ruane,912S.W.2d766(Tenn.  Crim.App.1995).#XRjXX XRj#,cAZ"Arial Regular,@AZ"Arial Regular XXXXg XX   Ad FILEDXX g  October29,1998CecilW.CrowsonAppellateCourtClerkdAM ,cAZ"Arial Regular d""""'dxd(3$ !  -C<< CLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5($$   1  ' dxdP Pd !  ////X   XXXXTR[A' Legal3'A' Legal3'T1r*<,(j 8` `@E ` 8ttxPX  rߛ1INTHECOURTOFCRIMINALAPPEALSOFTENNESSEE  ATNASHVILLEAUGUST1998SESSION  STATEOFTENNESSEE, h     )     `     h     ) p C.C.A.No.01C019707CR00316     `  Appellee, h     )    `     h     ) p DavidsonCounty x  v. `     h     ) ^   `     h     ) p HonorableSethNorman,Judge D  ANTONIOSHELTON, h     ) *z   `     h     ) p (TheftofProperty) `  `  Appellant. h     ) F FORTHEAPPELLANT: h      p FORTHEAPPELLEE: t ThomasEdwardNelson h      p JohnKnoxWalkup @ 211ThirdAvenue,North h      p AttorneyGeneral&Reporter &v Nashville,TN37201 h      p 425FifthAvenue,North  \  `     h      p Nashville,TN372430493 `     h      p LisaA.Naylor `     h      p AssistantAttorneyGeneral `     h      p 425FifthAvenue,North `     h      p Nashville,TN372430493 `     h      p VictorS.Johnson,III `     h      XQXX X p DistrictAttorneyGeneral "$r#  `     h      p 222SecondAvenue,North,Suite500 `     h      p Nashville,TN372011649 `     h      p JamesW.Milam `     h      p AssistantDistrictAttorneyGeneral `     h      p 222SecondAvenue,North,Suite500 `     h      p Nashville,TN372011649OPINIONFILED:_______________________________REVERSEDANDREMANDEDFORANEWTRIALL.T.LAFFERTY,//SENIOR//JUDGE # XXX XQ #  :5;  ۂX X  7 Q XXdXXd7OPINION# XX ۂ#      ` Thedefendant,AntonioShelton,appealsasofrightfromhisconvictionbyaDavidsonCountyjuryfortheftofpropertyworthmorethan$1,000,butlessthan$10,000,aClassDfelony,andimposedafineof$1,000.ThedefendantwassentencedtotwoyearsasaRangeIoffenderandplacedoncommunitycorrections.Thedefendantcomplains:'XX/ hXX'8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(1)8/ Thetrialcourterredinnotchargingthejuryonthe   lesserincludedoffenseofunauthorizeduseofautomobilesandothervehicles,towit:joyriding. / Y/ Y 8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(2)8/ Thetrialcourterredindenyingthedefendantsoral *z motionforjudgmentofacquittalattheconclusionoftheStatescase,aswellasthedefendantssubsequentwrittenmotionatthemotionfornewtrialhearing. / Y/ Y 8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(3)8/ ThetrialcourterredinnotchargingT.P.I.Crim.42.19  relativetoinferencesinconjunctionwithchargingthejuryT.P.I.Crim.42.20,inferencefrompossessionofrecentstolenproperty. / Y/ Y 8 ` 8 ` (#` (#(4)8/ Thetrialcourterredinchargingthejuryorallyone(1)  \ oftwo(2)bracketedalternativesattheconclusionofthefirstparagraphofT.P.I.Crim.42.20,inferencefrompossessionofstolenproperty,whilewrittenchargesubmittedtothejurycontainedbothbracketedalternatives,allowingthejurytochoosebetweenthealternativesduringdeliberation. / Y/ Y  ` Afteranappropriatereviewoftheentirerecord,thebriefsoftheparties,andthelaw,wereversethetrialcourtsjudgmentandremandforanewtrial.  BACKGROUND l,',     ` OnMarch1,1995,thedefendantandLeslieD.Hickmanwerearrestedbyofficers 0l+0 oftheDavidsonCountyMetroPoliceDepartmentandchargedwiththetheftofa1986CadillacDeVille.BothdefendantswenttotrialinOctober,1996,butthejurycouldnotagreeonaverdictandthetrialcourtdeclaredamistrial.Thecodefendant,LeslieD.Hickman,disposedofhiscasebyasettlement,leavingthedefendant,AntonioShelton,fortrial. 9h4:  ` OfficerScottMilleroftheMetroPoliceDepartmenttestifiedheansweredacallat3:00a.m.concerningavehicleparkedonthestreetinfrontofaresidenceonWoodymorePlace.Uponarrivingattheresidence,OfficerMillerobservedaCadillacoccupiedbytwopersons.Theofficeridentifiedthedefendantassittinginthedriversseat.AsOfficerMillerapproachedthevehicle,heobserved thatthesteeringcolumnonthecarwaspeeled.OfficerMilleraskedforregistrationidentification,butthedefendantwasunabletoproduceanyregistrationpapers.Theofficerplacedthedefendantinhissquadcar.OfficerMillerhadthepolicedispatchercontacttheregisteredowner,Ms.VickiOwens.OfficerDanWhitley,whorespondedtoOfficerMillerscallforbackup,testifiedthatheobservedthesteeringcolumnhadbeenpeeledandpartsofthecolumnwerelyingonthedriverssidefloorboard.Bothofficersstatedthecarcouldbestartedbyusingascrewdriverorpliersontheignitionlever,pullingtheleverup. ` Ms.VickiOwens,owneroftheCadillac,testifiedshewasawakenedbyacallfromaMetroPolicedispatcherconcerninghercar.Attherequestofthepolice,Ms.Owenscheckedherdrivewayandfoundhercarmissing.Thevictimdidnotknowthedefendantnorgavehimpermissiontodrivehercar. ` Inhisownbehalf,thedefendanttestifiedheandLeslieD.Hickmanwenttoafriendshouseforamusicsession.Atapproximately11:30p.m.,thedefendant,Hickman,MichaelDarwin,andafriendofDarwinsleftinaSunbirdtogotoAntiochtobuysomeliquor.However,thedriveroftheSunbirdwasdrivingtoofast,sothedefendantaskedDarwinifhecouldfindthemanotherridebacktothefriendshome.DarwingotthedefendantandHickmanaridewith Reggie.ThedefendantaskedReggie, Whyistheneckbrokenonthiscar?BasedonReggiesanswer,thedefendantdidnotbelievetheCadillacwasstolen.Reggieinformedthedefendanthewasgoing0to0stopatafriendstousethebathroom.Reggiestoppedthecar,gotout,anddisappeared.Thepolicepulled 0948 upbehindthecarandanofficeraskedthedefendantforadriverslicense,whichthedefendantdidnothave.Thedefendantinsistedhewasonthepassengerssideofthevehicleatthetimeofhisarrest. ` Also,thedefendanttestifiedhehadownedacarforoverayearandahalfthathadastrippedsteeringcolumn.Further,itwascommoninthedefendantsneighborhoodforpersonstoowncarswithstrippedcolumns. ` Basedupontheevidence,thejuryfoundthedefendantguiltyoftheftofproperty.  APPELLATEISSUES        ` Withoutaspecialrequestforajuryinstructiononjoyridingbythedefendant,thedefendantneverthelesscontendsitwasfundamentalerrorforthetrialcourttonotinstructthejuryofthisincludedoffense.Initsbrief,theStateconcedesthetrialcourtmayhavecommittederrorinnotcharginganincludedoffenseofjoyriding. ` Sincewearereversingandremandingthiscaseforanewtrial,wewilladdressonlythetrialcourtsfailuretochargetheincludedoffenseofjoyridingasdispositiveofthecase. ` Theindictmentinthiscauseallegesthedefendant, knowinglydidobtainorexercisecontrolovercertainproperty,towit:1986gray4doorCadillacDeVille,ofthevalueofmorethan$1,000,butlessthan$10,000,thepropertyofVickyLynnOwens,withouttheeffectiveconsentofVickyLynnOwens,withtheintenttodepriveVickyLynnOwensoftheproperty....Thus,theStatemustprovetheessentialelementofintentonthedefendantsparttoupholdaconvictionfortheoffenseoftheft.//Tenn.////Code//Ann. XNXX XN# XNXX XNk(#Ԁ3914103. 1-0  ` Ontheotherhand,Tenn.CodeAnn. XNXX XN# XNXX XN)#Ԁ3914106describestheelementsofjoy p504 riding:8 ` 8 ` (#` (#ApersoncommitsaClassAmisdemeanorwhotakesanothersautomobile,airplane,motorcycle,bicycle,boator  :p59 othervehiclewithouttheconsentoftheownerandthepersondoesnothavetheintenttodeprivetheownerthereof.   ) ` PursuanttoTenn.CodeAnn. X=PXX XRj# XRjXX X=P+#Ԁ4018110(a),atrialcourtisrequired tochargethe <728 juryastoallofthelawofeachoffenseincludedintheindictment,withoutanyrequeston  9p4: thepartofthedefendanttodoso.Whentheevidence,introducedbytheStateorthedefendant,issusceptibleofinferringguiltofeitheralessergradeorlesserincludedoffense,thetrialcourthasamandatorydutytochargesuchlesseroffense.Statev. H Trusty,919S.W.2d305,310(Tenn.1996);Statev.Howard,926S.W.2d579,58586  h (Tenn.Crim.App.1996);Johnsonv.State,531S.W.2d558,559(Tenn.1975).  8  ` Ineffect,thetrialcourtmustconsidertheevidenceinthelightmostfavorabletotheexistenceofthelesserincludedoffenseandiftheevidencesoconsideredpermitsaninferenceofguiltofthelesserincludedoffense,thetrialcourtmustgiveinstructionsastothelesseroffense.Otherwise,thetrialcourtsconsiderationoftheevidencerunstheriskofinvadingtheprovinceofthejuryrelativetowitnesscredibility,theweightandsufficiencyofevidence,andthedegreeoftheoffense,ifany,tobesustained.Straderv.State,210  Tenn.669,679,362S.W.2d224,22829(Tenn.1962);Statev.Boyce,920S.W.2d224, P 226(Tenn.Crim.App.1995). ` Whendecidingwhethertogiveaninstructiononalesserincludedoffense,thetrialcourtmustconsideralltheevidencepresentedattrial,includingthedefendantstestimony.Thisistrueevenifthedefendantstestimonyisunpersuasiveoruncorroborated.See P#" Howard,926S.W.2dat586.Ifadefendantsversionofeventsissusceptibletoan  %p $ inferenceofguiltofalesseroffense,thenthetrialcourtmustinstructthejurywithrespecttothelesserincludedoffense.Howard,926S.W.2dat58586. ( $(  ` InStatev.Williams,򀀀S.W.2d򀀀(Tenn.1998),theSupremeCourtconducted X,', aharmlesserroranalysisontheallegedfailureofthetrialcourttoinstructthejuryonvoluntarymanslaughterasanincludedoffenseorlessergradeofmurderfirstdegree.AlthoughthefactsinWilliamsmayhavesupportedaninstructiononvoluntary 1-2 manslaughter,thetrialcourtdidchargethejury//#with#the////elementsofmurderfirstdegree,andthelesseroffensesofmurderseconddegreeandrecklesshomicide.TheSupremeCourtfound thetrialcourtserroneousfailuretochargevoluntarymanslaughterisharmlessbeyondareasonabledoubtbecausethejurysverdictofguiltonthegreater 8D4: //offense$s$//of//%firstdegreemurder%%murderfirstdegree%////anditsdisinclinationtoconsiderthelesserincludedoffenseofseconddegreemurderclearlydemonstratesthatitcertainlywouldnothavereturnedaverdictonvoluntarymanslaughter./++/+/ ///+++ %  1      ++&&'Williams'(,____S.W.2d____,slipop.at11.('&&'// H  ` Thetestimonyofthedefendanthasheretoforebeensetoutinthisopinion.Webelievethedefendantstestimonyastohowhecametobeinthecarandhisintentionsraisedafactualissuewithrespecttohis mensrea, andthetrialcourtshouldhave |  submittedtheissuetothejury. ` Havingdeterminedthatthetrialcourterredbyfailingtogiveajoyridinginstruction,wemustdeterminetheeffectoftheerror.ThefactsinWilliamsareclearlydistinguishable.  InWilliams,thetrialcourtgavethejurytheoptionstodetermineexactly//)asto)what//offense,  undertheinstructions,thedefendantmayhavecommitted.Inthiscase,thetrialcourtdidnotchargeanyincludedoffenses,thusthejurywasfacedwiththedeterminationofwhetherthedefendantknowinglyandintentionallydeprivedtheownerofhercar.Sincetherewasnoincludedoffensechargedinthesefacts,wecannotapplyaharmlesserroranalysis.Notwithstandingthetrialcourtsspiritedrulingatthemotionforanewtrialwiththedefendant,thejurywouldbetheultimateauthorityonwhetherthedefendantintendedtodeprivetheownerofhercar.Webelievethetrialcourtsfailuretoinstructjoyridingasalesseroffense//*is**was*//reversibleerrorandthedefendantisentitledtoanewtrial. `   /  h     ________________________________________ `   /  h     L.T.LAFFERTY,SENIORJUDGE  /8+0 CONCUR:___________________________________JOHNH.PEAY,JUDGE___________________________________ X=PXX XRj x  THOMAST.WOODALL,JUDGE# XRjXX X=P*@#