ÿWPCý h› Þ§(ÿ?4+5ÿý%M¿)K âšn=u—Ђ´8ý5¹6ăˆ²üýPDöãv.¦ª8Ü ég= ÙÍÞ Ì ~ÕS´³F|¼0Hj´» §¥RñX:+ |φoÙÛxx‡$Ó9m²…ž]ݱÀÃË ˜€Ã¿Ï¾Ø51|ÄÚþ6Aûä«ÉO¼è=ˆÅŸçj*¥ˆ®›i…FB)†R­Õ®ÒÚ/…{äö¬g©Ì¦[&B/ŒA.æ#ÿãâ)'¶ è/35Ö3fê¶P³Sm²/§òn™úÈ•žr¾¬I”’²ôAÐò…~åw¦ö«ŠS³ºT}\@2d/êA‘î~æw+ö¢þdÎapÖ©NPpŽs,kÜO¹—˜ïÃ$9S”÷iLœggÂ]t+n7î$qdPŸßI"$ŠxKP+ëP-ÌOb,”ÍH¾%JËXÒðö²O{ßëlÛ â H³«l '|·LQzê©ÎŠõ9Qta|8ÙWÌwþ+6­f>;\ –Þþò‰Ôöc«?ªX ˜ß>æù,¾¹ãÖ÷ÖýÚeýç­A{$<9a)L–¡Ç†R¸H¯€Ñ7­>ŒõÊ£¼êkµ[š}¶fÿvÂæ%î=2\|Ô¶2ž7éåó*U.L %zb€ 0D„*ÈU:ò,n­<é 0(ñU:w¸S4 U: 0™Y 0DòU:6 ,p °œ œ œ rL L L L L ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ ¾ AQÂÆ BÙ 0Dö 0D:: D/~~ B­ D3Ê<þ6X9`(CourierX ù(3¯$¢¢Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ý Ý ƒ¯"ÝÝ  ÝÔ€X™¶XXXÔÔ€†XX™¶ÔÓ  ÓÔ Ad ÔFILEDÔ€X™¶X†ÔÐ  ÐÌò òSeptember€11,€1998Ð šš ÐÌCecil€Crowson,€Jr.ÌÔ€ôIÆôXX™¶ÔAppellate€Court€Clerkó ó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular3|xw«<þ6X9`(CourierXôxþ6X@ɹ`7ûX@($¡¡, øð AZ"Arial RegularOPEQRESTEUVWDXYEZ[\]E^_D`EeaDbcdefgDhUiUjEklÓ€Ìqæ$,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular(I(2'$$¤¤Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  ÝÒ°ÒÔ€X™¶XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó(#Ã$òòÚ  Ú0Ú  Úóó,c½¬AZ‹"Arial Regular "Ý ƒ3„$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€XÂ;XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡XÂ;XXXÂ;ÔTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(b);€ðð€40„35„103(5)€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,€823Ð `  ÐS.W.2d€at€168.Ô#†XÂ;XXXÂ;p#Ô ¦Ý ƒ¤$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€Xy²XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝThe€defendant€was€seventeen€at€the€time€of€his€crimes. hÝ ƒ¤$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€Xy²XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝDetective€York€testified€that€he€had€been€trained€to€recognize€theÐ `  Ðpentagram€as€a€symbol€representative€of€a€goat€head.€€In€satanism,€the€goatÏhead€represents€Satan.€€The€hexagram€is€a€symbol€for€conjuring€or€controllingÏdemons. úÝ ƒ¤$ÝÒ°ÒÔ€Xy²XXXÔà ` àòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  ÝÔ‡Xy²XXXy²ÔOn€January€12,€1995,€first€degree€murder€was€"[a]n€intentional,Ð `  Ðpremeditated€and€deliberate€killing€of€another."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„¼202(a)(1)€(Supp.€1994)€(amended€1995).Ô#†Xy²XXXy²p#Ô€The€element€of€deliberation€has€sinceÐ , Ì Ðbeen€omitted.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„202(a)(1)€(1997).!#$&Cþÿ<< CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5 d(3¯$££Ý ƒ !ÝÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó ó(('÷ÿ dxdüÿP Pd""""'ÿÿdxdÝ ƒ !ÝÝ  Ýñ`ñ›ñ`ññ`ñ›ñ`ñÑ` °ÑÒ°ÒÓ  ÓÑTR[  AØ'Legal3Ø' AØ'redlineÿ3Ø'TÑÔ€ XâXXXÔÑ7€ â XXdðXXdð7ÑÑ  Ññlñœßr€ )<,(j 8` `€€@EÈf ` ttx$` ð Úrß›ñlñÌÑ€Ñò òà@ àIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ P ð ÐÌ€à@::'àAT€KNOXVILLEˆÐ 0 Ð ÐÌà@dd%àMAY€1998€SESSIONó óˆÐ ° ÐÌÌÌò òSTATE€OF€TENNESSEE,€à À àà  àó ó)Ð Ðp  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àÐ À`  Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellee,à h àà À àà  à)à p àC.C.A.€No.€03C01„9711„CR„00492Ð °P  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìvs.à ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àKnox€Countyà x àÐ 0  Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ìò òTADARYL€SHIPP,à  àà h àà À àó óà  à)à p àHon.€Mary€Beth€Leibowitz,€Judge€ò òÐ p Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)Ð ` Ðà ` àà ¸ àAppellant.à h àà À àà  à)à p à(First€Degree€Murder,Ð Pð Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à)à p àConspiracy€to€Commit€First€Ð @à Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àDegree€Murder)Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àÌÌÌÌFOR€THE€APPELLANT:à h àà À àà  àà p àFOR€THE€APPELLEE:Ð à€ ÐÌò òM.€CHRISTOPHER€COFFEEà À àà  àà p àJOHN€KNOX€WALKUPÐ À!` Ðó óAttorney€at€Lawà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAttorney€General€&€ReporterÐ °"P ÐP.O.€Box€870ÌKnoxville,€TN€€37902à h àà À àà  àà p àò òELIZABETH€B.€MARNEYó óÐ $0 Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àAsst.€Attorney€GeneralÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àò òà À àà  àà p àó ó425€Fifth€Ave.€N.,€2d€Floorò òÐ p& Ðó óà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àNashville,€TN€€37243„0493Ð `'  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òRANDALL€E.€NICHOLSó óÐ @)à" Ðò òà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óDistrict€Attorney€GeneralÐ 0*Ð # ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àò òS.€JO€HELMÐ ,°"% Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àWILLIAM€CRABTREEÌà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àó óAsst.€District€Attorneys€GeneralÐ ð-$' Ðà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àP.O.€Box€1468Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àà p àKnoxville,€TN€€37901„1468ÌÌÌò òÌOPINION€FILED:________________ÌÌCONVICTIONS€AFFIRMED,€ñ`ñœñ`ñCONSECUTIVE€SENTENCES€VACATED,ñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€ANDÏREMANDEDÌÌCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEó óÐ @8à.2 ÐÐ  09Ð/3· Ðà@qq*àò òòòOPINIONó óóóˆÐ `  ÐÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant,€Tadaryl€Shipp,€appeals€the€convictions€of€first€degreeÏmurder€and€conspiracy€to€commit€first€degree€murder€that€he€received€at€his€juryÏtrial€in€the€Knox€County€Criminal€Court.€€Shipp€is€presently€serving€consecutiveÏsentences€of€life€and€25€years€in€the€Department€of€Correction.€€In€this€directÏappeal,€he€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€and€the€proprietyÏof€the€trial€court's€sentencing€determination.€€Having€reviewed€the€record€and€theÏbriefs€of€the€parties€and€having€heard€oral€arguments,€we€affirm€both€convictionsÏand€ñ`ñœñ`ñsentences;€however,€weñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€vacate€ñ`ñœñ`ñthe€imposition€ofñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€ñ`ñœñ`ñconsecutive€sentencesñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€andÏñ`ñœñ`ñremand€in€order€for€the€trial€court€to€make€the€appropriate€findings€beforeÏdetermining€whether€the€defendant€will€serve€his€sentences€concurrently€orÏconsecutively.ñ`ñ›ñ`ñÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant's€convictions€stem€from€the€1995€"Job€Corps€murder"Ïinvolving€four€students€from€the€Knoxville€Job€Corps.€€The€victim€was€ColleenÏSlemmer.€€The€defendant€and€two€young€women€have€been€convicted€of€herÏmurder.€Ô‡X™¶XX XâÔ€Christa€Gail€Pike€is€on€death€row€for€her€part€in€the€murder.€€òòState€v.Ð `'  ÐChrista€Gail€Pikeóó,€No.€03C01„9611„CR„00408€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.,€Knoxville,€Nov.€26,Ð D)ä" Ð1997)€(Tenn.€R.€Sup.€Ct.€12,€ðð€2€review€pending).€€According€to€the€evidence€ofÏrecord,€Shadolla€Peterson€pleaded€guilty€to€being€an€accessory€after€the€fact€andÏreceived€a€six€year€probationary€sentence.Ô#† XâXXX™¶x#ÔÐ ¨.H%( ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àA€few€days€prior€to€January€12,€1995,€the€defendant€told€Kip€O'HaraÏhe€had€to€make€a€human€sacrifice€because€the€celestial€bodies€were€in€alignment.€ÏThe€defendant€had€a€Ouija€board€with€him€when€he€had€this€conversation€withÏO'Hara.ÌÐ Ô9t04 Ðà ` àà ¸ àOn€January€12,€1995,€Daniel€Wayland€encountered€Pike,€PetersonÏand€the€defendant€off€the€Job€Corps€campus.€€Pike€and€Peterson€inquired€whetherÏWayland€had€seen€Slemmer,€and€the€defendant€said,€"[W]hen€we€find€her,€she'sÏdead."€€Wayland€admitted,€however,€that€he€may€have€attributed€this€assertion€toÏPike€in€a€previous€statement€to€law€enforcement,€but€he€contended€he€was€"shookÏup"€at€the€time€and€his€recollection€had€since€improved.€€He€said€that€Pike,€PetersonÏand€the€defendant€were€all€in€agreement€when€the€assertion€ñ`ñœñ`ñwas€made.ñ`ñ›ñ`ñÌà ` àà ¸ àÌà ` àà ¸ àOn€the€day€of€the€murder,€Pike€told€Kimberly€Ann€Iloilo€Rhodes€thatÏshe€was€going€to€kill€Slemmer.€€Pike€also€said€she€was€looking€for€Peterson€to€getÏa€box€cutter€from€her.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAccording€to€the€statement€the€defendant€gave€law€enforcementÏshortly€after€the€murder,€Pike,€Peterson,€Slemmer€and€the€defendant€left€the€JobÏCorps€campus€at€8:50€p.m.€and€walked€to€Tyson€Park.€€Pike€confronted€SlemmerÏabout€Slemmer's€supposed€romantic€interest€in€the€defendant.€€Pike€made€SlemmerÏtake€off€her€shirt.€€Pike€became€physically€violent,€hitting€Slemmer.€€Peterson€alsoÏstruck€Slemmer.€€As€the€confrontation€escalated,€Slemmer€began€grabbing€theÏdefendant,€who€pushed€and€slapped€her.€€Pike€began€cutting€Slemmer€with€aÏminiature€meat€cleaver.€€Pike€was€growing€madder€as€the€confrontation€continued.€ÏPeterson€had€a€box€cutter€and€joined€Pike€in€cutting€and€stabbing€the€victim.€ÏSlemmer€pleaded€for€the€attack€to€end€and€promised€she€would€walk€to€her€homeÏin€Florida€if€she€were€released.€€The€defendant€admitted€tripping€Slemmer€as€sheÏtried€to€run€away,€causing€her€to€hit€her€head€on€a€rock.€€The€ñ`ñœñ`ñdefendant€alsoñ`ñ›ñ`ñÏadmitted€cutting€Slemmer€three€or€four€times,€including€on€the€arm€with€the€boxÏcutter.€€After€Slemmer€had€been€seriously€injured,€she€was€talking€and€screamingÏloudly.€€At€Pike's€request,€the€defendant€went€to€see€whether€there€was€anyone€inÐ  :À04 Ðthe€area.€€While€searching,€he€found€a€rag€by€a€dumpster,€which€he€tied€overÏSlemmer's€mouth€to€keep€her€quiet.€€Slemmer€attempted€to€flee,€but€she€fell€in€someÏmud.€€The€defendant€went€to€her€and€brought€her€back.€€Pike€began€hittingÏSlemmer€with€rocks.€€Peterson€hit€Slemmer€with€a€brick€or€piece€of€asphalt.€€WhenÏPike€began€hitting€Slemmer€with€the€rocks,€the€defendant€became€uncomfortableÏwith€the€assault€and€walked€down€a€hill€but€later€returned€to€the€scene€to€findÏSlemmer's€head€"all€busted€open€on€the€side."€€Slemmer€was€gurgling€andÏbreathing.€€Pike€and€the€defendant€carved€a€pentagram€in€Slemmer's€chest.€€TheÏdefendant€helped€Pike€move€Slemmer€to€a€"hill€of€mud"€with€bushes€and€little€treesÏaround€it.€€Peterson€and€the€defendant€threw€Slemmer's€shirt€and€jacket€in€theÏbushes.€€The€three€assailants€€washed€their€hands€in€a€mud€puddle.€€Then€theyÏwent€to€a€gas€station,€where€Peterson€and€Pike€washed€again€and€threw€awayÏsome€of€Slemmer's€personal€effects.€€The€defendant€said€he€returned€to€the€JobÏCorps€campus€before€Pike€and€Peterson,€at€10:50.€€He€said€it€took€him€30€minutesÏto€walk€from€Tyson€Park€to€the€Job€Corps€campus.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWhen€Pike€and€Peterson€returned€to€the€Job€Corps€campus,€Pike€toldÏher€friend€Rhodes€that€she€had€killed€Slemmer€because€she€was€afraid€she€wasÏgoing€to€get€caught.€€Rhodes€thought€Pike€said€the€defendant€had€assisted€in€killingÏSlemmer,€although€she€admitted€having€testified€at€Pike's€trial€that€Pike€said€sheÏkilled€Slemmer.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àAn€employee€of€the€University€of€Tennessee€grounds€departmentÏdiscovered€Slemmer's€body€on€the€morning€of€January€13.€€University€and€KnoxvilleÏpolice€officers€responded€to€the€scene.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àñ`ñœñ`ñDuring€theñ`ñ›œ›ñ`ñ€ñ`ñœñ`ñafternoon€of€January€13,ñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€Pike€and€the€defendant€went€toÐ  :À04 Ðget€identification€cards€from€Robert€Alfred€Pollock,€the€Job€Corps€orientationÏspecialist.€€Pike€left€her€jacket€in€Pollock's€office,€and€he€later€turned€the€jacket€overÏto€William€Hudson,€the€Job€Corps€security€supervisor.€€Hudson,€in€turn,€surrenderedÏthe€jacket€to€a€Knoxville€Police€Department€officer,€who€found€a€piece€of€ñ`ñœñ`ñskull€boneñ`ñ›ñ`ñÏin€a€pocket.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àJennifer€McCrary€testified€that€she€and€Pike€went€to€Tyson€Park€onÏJanuary€13.€€The€police€would€not€allow€them€to€go€into€the€area€where€they€hadÏplanned€to€go.€€As€they€were€walking€on€"The€Strip,"€they€saw€the€defendant€comingÏtoward€the€park.€€The€defendant€asked€Pike€why€she€was€coming€from€the€park,€andÏthe€two€began€arguing.€€McCrary€had€walked€away€and€could€not€hear€the€specificsÏof€the€argument.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àDetective€Randy€York€of€the€Knoxville€Police€Department€interrogatedÏPike€and€the€defendant€in€the€early€morning€hours€of€January€14,€1995.€€In€additionÏto€the€contents€of€the€defendant's€statement€summarized€above,€the€defendant€toldÏDet.€York€that€he€had€dabbled€in€satanism€since€he€was€ten€years€old.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú1Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€He€saidÐ `'  ÐPike€was€"pretty€deep"€into€satanic€worship.€€Both€he€and€Pike€were€wearingÏpentagram€necklaces€when€they€were€taken€into€custody€on€January€14,€and€theÏdefendant€admitted€he€had€satanic€paraphernalia€in€his€room€at€the€Job€CorpsÏcampus.€€€The€defendant€was€also€wearing€a€hexagram€earring€and€hat€pin.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú2Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€TheÐ à.€%( Ðdefendant€claimed,€however,€that€the€killing€had€not€been€a€planned€satanicÏoffering.€€€He€said€he€carved€the€pentagram€on€the€victim's€chest€and€then€thoughtÐ  2@), Ðthat€Slemmer€could€be€a€satanic€sacrifice.€€The€defendant€claimed€that€in€his€mindÏthe€killing€had€nothing€to€do€with€the€fact€that€the€following€day€was€Friday€the€13th,Ï"Devil's€birthday."€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€professed€to€Det.€York€that€he€was€unaware€of€anyÏplan€to€kill€Slemmer€prior€to€the€events€taking€place.€€Pike€and€Peterson€told€himÏthey€were€going€to€"get€[Slemmer]€somewhere€and€do€.€.€.€whatever€they€could€toÏher."€€He€thought€this€meant€they€were€"going€to€beat€her€up€or€something."€€HeÏknew€Pike€and€Peterson€had€the€box€cutter€and€miniature€meat€cleaver,€but€heÏthought€they€were€"just€going€to€scare€her€with€them€or€something."€€He€claimed€heÏhad€no€idea€they€were€going€to€cut€Slemmer.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àDoctor€Sandra€Elkins,€the€Knox€County€Medical€Examiner,€performedÏan€autopsy€of€the€victim.€€Bruises€on€the€victim's€body€were€inflicted€between€30€andÏ45€minutes€prior€to€death.€€The€numerous€lacerations€and€slash€wounds€inflictedÏprior€to€death€were€insufficient€to€render€the€victim€unconscious.€€The€cause€ofÏdeath€was€blunt€force€trauma€to€the€head.€€The€victim's€sinuses€and€lungs€ñ`ñœñ`ñfilledñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€withÏblood€following€the€head€injury€to€the€base€of€the€skull,€and€she€essentially€drownedÏin€her€own€blood.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àDNA€profiling€of€blood€found€on€the€shirt€and€pants€the€defendant€woreÏon€the€night€of€the€murder€matched€Slemmer's€DNA€profile.ÌÌà@üü-àò òIó óˆÐ €4 +. Ðà ` àà ¸ àIn€his€first€issue,€the€defendant€claims€the€evidence€is€insufficient€toÏsustain€his€convictions.€€Ô‡Xy²XX X‚9Ô€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²Â3#ÔWÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ôhen€a€defendant€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€theÐ @8à.2 Ðevidence,€an€appellate€courtððs€standard€of€review€is,€whether€after€considering€theÐ $:Ä04 Ðevidence€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€factÐ `  Ðcould€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€the€crime€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.€ÏòòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€324,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,€2791„92€(1979);€òòState€v.Ð ø ˜ ÐDuncanóó,€698€S.W.2d€63,€67€(Tenn.€1985);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e).€€This€rule€isÐ Äd Ðapplicable€to€findings€of€guilt€based€upon€direct€evidence,€circumstantial€evidence,Ïor€a€combination€of€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Dykesóó,€803€S.W.2dÐ \ü  Ð250,€253€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²4#ÔÐ (È  ÐÌÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ôà ` àà ¸ àMoreover,€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²ˆ7#Ôa€criminal€offense€may€be€established€exclusively€byÐ Ôt Ðcircumstantial€evidence.€€€€òòDuchac€v.€Stateóó,€505€S.W.2d€237€(Tenn.€1973);€òòState€v.Ð ¸X ÐJonesóó,€901€Ô‡Xy²XX X‚9ÔS.W.2dÔ#† X‚9XXXy²³8#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ô€393,€396€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²û8#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ô(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€19Ô#† X‚9XXXy²G9#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ô95);€òòState€v.€Lequireóó,€634€S.W.2dÐ ˜8 Ð608€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).€However,€before€an€accused€may€be€convicted€of€aÏcriminal€offense€based€upon€circumstantial€evidence€alone,€the€facts€andÏcircumstances€"must€be€so€strong€and€cogent€as€to€exclude€every€other€reasonableÏhypothesis€save€the€guilt€of€the€defendant."€€òòState€v.€Crawfordóó,€225€Tenn.€478,€470Ð à"€ ÐS.W.2d€610€(1971);€òòJonesóó,€901€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²9#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9ÔS.W.2dÔ#† X‚9XXXy²•;#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ô€at€396.€€€€In€other€words,€"[a]€web€of€guiltÐ ¬$L Ðmust€be€woven€around€the€defendant€from€which€he€cannot€escape€and€from€whichÏfacts€and€circumstances€the€jury€could€draw€no€other€reasonable€inference€save€theÏguilt€of€the€defendant€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt."€€òòCrawfordóó,€470€S.W.2d€at€613;Ð *° $ ÐòòState€v.€McAfeeóó,€737€S.W.2d€304,€305€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1987).Ð Ü+|"& ÐÔ#† X‚9XXXy²Ý;#ÔÌÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ôà ` àà ¸ àIn€determining€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence,€this€court€should€notÐ ˆ/(&* Ðreweigh€or€reevaluate€the€evidence.€€òòState€v.€Matthewsóó,€805€S.W.2d€776,€779Ð T1ô', Ð(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1990).€€Questions€concerning€the€credibility€of€the€witnesses,€theÏweight€and€value€of€the€evidence,€as€well€as€all€factual€issues€raised€by€theÏevidence€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòState€v.€Cabbageóó,€571€S.W.2d€832,€835Ð ¸6X-2 Ð(Tenn.€1978).€€Nor€may€this€court€substitute€its€inferences€for€those€drawn€by€the€œñiñÌÐ P:ð06 Ðñiñtrier›€of€fact€from€the€evidence.€€òòLiakas€v.€Stateóó,€199€Tenn.€298,€305,€286€S.W.2dÐ `  Ð856,859€(1956);€€òòFarmer€v.€Stateóó,€574€S.W.2d€49,€51€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1978).€€OnÐ , Ì Ðthe€contrary,€this€court€is€required€to€afford€the€State€of€Tennessee€the€strongestÏlegitimate€view€of€the€evidence€contained€in€the€record€as€well€as€all€reasonable€andÏlegitimate€inferences€which€may€be€drawn€from€the€evidence.€€òòCabbageóó,€571Ð 0 ÐS.W.2d€at€835.Ô#† X‚9XXXy²Æ=#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9ÔÐ \ü  ÐÌò òà@ÇÇ"àA.€€First€Degree€Murderó óˆÐ ô”  Ðà ` àà ¸ àOnce€a€homicide€is€established,€it€is€presumed€to€be€second€degreeÏmurder.€€òòWitt€v.€Stateóó,€46€Tenn.€(6€Cold.)€5,€7€(1868),€òòoverruled€on€other€groundsóó,Ð ˜8 ÐòòCampbell€v.€Stateóó,€491€S.W.2d€359€(Tenn.€1973).€€In€order€to€elevate€the€offenseÐ d Ðto€first€degree€murder,€the€state€must€prove€premeditation€and€deliberation.׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú3Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€€òòStateÐ 0Ð Ðv.€Brownóó,€836€S.W.2d€530,€543€(Tenn.€1992)€(citing€òòBailey€v.€Stateóó,€479€S.W.2dÐ üœ Ð829,€733€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1972)).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ à€At€the€time€of€this€offense,€the€Criminal€Code€defined€a€deliberate€actÏas€"one€performed€with€a€cool€purpose."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„201(b)(1)€(1991)Ï(amended€1995).€€A€premeditated€act€was€one€which€was€"done€after€the€exerciseÏof€reflection€and€judgment."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„13„201(b)(2)€(1991)€(amendedÏ1995).€€Both€premeditation€and€deliberation€may€be€established€by€circumstantialÏevidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòBrownóó,€836€S.W.2d€at€541.€Ð \-ü#( ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€pertinent€part,€an€individual€is€criminally€responsible€for€another'sÏconduct€if€"[a]cting€with€the€intent€to€promote€or€assist€the€commission€œoñjñrñjñ›œñkñfñkñ›€the€œñhñÌÐ Œ4,+0 Їñhñoffense,›€or€to€benefit€in€the€proceeds€or€results€of€the€offense,€the€person€solicits,Ïdirects,€aids€or€attempts€to€aid€another€person€to€commit€the€offense."€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðð€39„11„402(2)€(1997).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant's€challenge€to€the€sufficiency€of€his€first€degree€murderÏconviction€centers€on€the€proof€of€premeditation€and€intent.€We€are€convinced,Ïhowever,€that€both€premeditation€and€deliberation€were€sufficiently€proven€to€sustainÏthe€defendant's€conviction€based€upon€his€criminal€responsibility€for€the€actions€ofÏPike€and/or€Peterson.Ô#† X‚9XXXy²XB#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9ÔÐ À` ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€state,€Pike€told€her€friend€KimberlyÏRhodes€she€was€going€to€kill€Slemmer.€€The€defendant€confided€to€Kip€O'Hara€inÏthe€days€prior€to€the€murder€that€he€had€to€make€a€human€sacrifice€because€theÏcelestial€bodies€were€in€alignment.€€On€the€day€of€the€murder,€he€told€DanielÏWayland€that€when€he,€Pike€and€Peterson€found€Slemmer€she€was€dead.€€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²‹J#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9ÔPike€andÐ ˆ"( ÐPeterson€procured€weapons€prior€to€the€confrontation€with€Slemmer.€€TheÏdefendant€knew€Pike€and€Peterson€had€weapons.€€€Pike,€Peterson€and€theÏdefendant€lured€Slemmer€to€a€remote€area€in€or€near€Tyson€Park.€€The€threeÏinflicted€a€chilling€assault€on€Slemmer€for€30€to€45€minutes.€€When€Slemmer€triedÏto€get€away,€the€defendant€twice€thwarted€her€escape.Ô#† X‚9XXXy²tL#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9Ô€€The€defendant€helpedÐ „+$"& Ðconceal€the€crime€by€checking€to€see€if€anyone€was€within€earshot€of€Slemmer'sÏscreams€and€binding€her€mouth€so€that€she€would€be€unable€to€make€noise.€€AfterÏSlemmer€was€mortally€wounded,€the€defendant€helped€Pike€move€the€victim€to€aÏbrushy€area€and€helped€Peterson€conceal€the€victim's€clothing€in€the€bushes.€€TheÏnext€day,€the€defendant€became€upset€with€Pike€for€returning€to€the€scene€of€theÏcrime.€€Ô#† X‚9XXXy²4N#ÔÔ‡Xy²XX X‚9ÔÐ L6ì,2 ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àFrom€this€evidence,€a€rational€jury€could€find€the€defendant€criminallyÐ ä9„06 Ðresponsible€for€first€degree€murder€based€upon€his€aid€to€Pike€and/or€Peterson€inÏthe€commission€of€the€murder€and€his€common€intent€to€murder€the€victim.€€€òòSeeóóÐ ä9„06 ÐòòState€v.€Frank€Whitmoreóó,€No.€03C01„9404„CR„00141,€slip€op.€at€10€(Tenn.€Crim.Ð  À ÐApp.,€Knoxville,€June€19,€1997)€(defendant's€guilt€of€first€degree€murder€by€criminalÏresponsibility€for€conduct€of€another€supported€in€part€by€defendant's€participationÏin€burglary€during€which€murder€was€committed,€failure€to€assist€the€wounded€victim,Ïand€disposing€of€evidence);€òòState€v.€Bordisóó,€905€S.W.2d€214,€222€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð  @  Ð1995)€(planning€activity€prior€to€the€crime€relevant€to€premeditation)Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;P#ÔÔ‡XÂ;XX XÂ;Ô;€òòBrownóó,€836Ð €  ÐS.W.2d€at€541€(facts€relevant€to€premeditation€include€the€use€of€a€deadly€weaponÏon€an€unarmed€victim,€a€particularly€cruel€killing,€and€declarations€of€intent€to€kill€theÏvictim)Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;±S#ÔÔ‡XÂ;XX XÂ;Ô;€òòState€v.€McBeeóó,€644€S.W.2d€425,€428„29€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1982)€(criminalÐ  À Ðintent€may€be€inferred€from€presence,€companionship,€and€pre„€and€post„offenseÏconduct€of€defendant)Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;ÎT#ÔÔ‡XÂ;XX XÂ;Ô.Ð à€ ÐÔ#† XÂ;XXXÂ;ÙU#ÔÔ‡XÂ;XX XÂ;ÔÌò òà@| | àB.€€Conspiracy€to€Commit€First€Degree€MurderˆÐ  #@ Ðà ` àà ¸ àó óA€person€is€guilty€of€conspiracy€where€he€acts€with€one€or€more€otherÐ €%  Ðñ`ñœñ`ñpersons,ñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€"each€having€the€culpable€mental€state€required€for€the€offense€which€isÏthe€object€of€the€conspiracy€and€each€acting€for€the€purpose€of€promoting€orÏfacilitating€commission€of€an€offense,€[and]€agree[s]€that€one€(1)€or€more€of€them€willÏengage€in€conduct€which€constitutes€such€offense."€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„12„¼103(a)€(1997).ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àThe€defendant€claims€there€is€insufficient€proof€that€he€entered€into€anÏagreement€with€Pike€and/or€Peterson€to€murder€the€victim.€€Although€the€defendantÏis€correct€to€the€extent€that€there€is€no€direct€evidence€of€an€agreement,€the€recordÏis€replete€with€circumstantial€evidence€that€the€defendant€conspired€with€Pike€andÏPeterson.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Shropshireóó,€874€S.W.2d€634,€641€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1993)Ð  :À04 Ð(conspiracy€may€be€proven€by€circumstantial€evidence).€€In€the€light€most€favorableÏto€the€state,€days€before€Slemmer's€murder€the€defendant€said€he€had€to€make€aÏhuman€sacrifice.€€The€defendant€and€Pike€carved€a€satanic€pentagram€onÏSlemmer's€chest.€€Pike€and€the€defendant€were€wearing€necklaces€bearing€theÏsame€symbol€when€they€were€taken€into€custody.€€On€the€day€of€the€murder,€ò ò€ó óbothÐ à€ ÐPike€and€the€defendant€made€statements€foretelling€Slemmer's€death.ò ò€€ó óTheÐ À`  Ðdefendant€was€accompanied€by€Pike€and€Peterson€when€he€made€his€statementÏin€this€regard.€€Pike€and€Peterson€procured€weapons.€€Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;1V#ÔÔ‡XÂ;XX XÂ;ÔThe€defendant€knew€PikeÐ €  Ðand€Peterson€were€armed,€and€he€accompanied€them€and€the€victim€to€Tyson€Park.€ÏThe€defendant€participated€in€the€horrific€torture€of€Slemmer.€€When€Slemmer€triedÏto€escape,€the€defendant€tripped€her€once€and€brought€her€back€another€time€soÏthat€he,€Pike€and€Peterson€could€continue€their€assault.ò ò€€ó óThe€defendant€gaggedÐ   ÐSlemmer€so€she€would€not€scream.€€€A€rational€jury€could€find€the€defendant's€claimÏof€ignorance€of€Pike's€and€Peterson's€plan€incredible€and€accredit€ñ`ñœñ`ñthe€stateððsñ`ñ›ñ`ñÏevidence€as€strong€circumstantial€proof€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt€that€theÏdefendant€conspired€with€Pike€and€Peterson€to€murder€the€victim.€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€find€the€evidence€sufficient€to€sustain€the€defendant's€convictionsÏof€first€degree€murder€and€conspiracy€to€commit€first€degree€murder.ÌÌÔ#† XÂ;XXXÂ;ü\#Ôà@àà,àò òIIó óˆÐ à.€%( Ðà ` àà ¸ àNext,€the€defendant€challenges€the€maximum€25„year€sentenceÏimposed€for€conspiracy€and€the€imposition€of€consecutive€sentencing.€€Ô‡XÂ;XX XÂ;ÔInÐ  2@), Ðdetermining€whether€the€trial€court€has€properly€sentenced€an€individual,€this€courtÏengages€in€a€òòde€novoóó€review€of€the€record€with€a€presumption€that€the€trial€court'sÐ `6-0 Ðdeterminations€were€correct.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997).€€ThisÏpresumption€is€"conditioned€upon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trialÐ  :À04 Ðcourt€considered€the€sentencing€principles€and€all€relevant€facts€andÏcircumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€In€conductingÐ @ à Ðour€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€must€consider€the€evidence€at€sentencing,€the€presentenceÐ  À Ðreport,€the€sentencing€principles,€the€arguments€of€counsel,€the€statements€of€theÏdefendant,€the€nature€and€characteristics€of€the€offense,€any€mitigating€andÏenhancement€factors,€and€the€defendantððs€amenability€to€rehabilitation.€€Tenn.€CodeÏAnn.€ðððð€40„35„210(b),€40„35„103(5)€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€168.€€Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;~a#ÔÔ‡XÂ;XX XÂ;ÔÐ  @  ÐÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€appellate€courts,€the€party€appealing€the€sentencingÏdetermination€has€the€burden€of€showing€that€it€is€improper.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„¼35„401(d),€Sentencing€Comm'n€Comments€(1997);€òòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169.€€AÐ  À Ðcomponent€of€this€burden€is€Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;»e#Ôpreparing€a€record€"which€conveys€ñ`ñœñ`ñañ`ñ›ñ`ñ€fair,€accurate€andÐ   Ðcomplete€account€of€what€transpired€in€the€trial€court€with€respect€to€the€issuesÏwhich€form€the€basis€of€the€appeal."€€òòState€v.€Oodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€554,€559€(Tenn.Ð À!` ÐCrim.€App.€1991);€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€24(b).€€If€the€record€fails€to€contain€necessaryÏitems€with€respect€to€an€appellate€issue,€the€court€is€precluded€from€considering€theÏmerits€of€the€issue.€€òòState€v.€Ballardóó,€855€S.W.2d€557,€560„61€(Tenn.€1993);€Tenn.Ð `'  ÐR.€App.€P.€24(b).€€ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àIn€the€case€at€bar,€the€defendant€has€not€included€the€presentenceÏreport€in€the€record.€€Because€this€document€is€necessary€for€a€òòde€novoóó€Ô‡XÂ;XX XÂ;Ô€review€ofÐ à.€%( Ðthe€trial€court's€sentencing€determination,׃×Ý ƒ#ÃÝòòÚ  Ú4Ú  ÚóóÝ  Ý×  ×€Ô#† XÂ;XXXÂ;1j#Ôwe€are€unable€to€review€the€sentencing€Ð À0`'* Ðissues€on€their€merits.Ô‡XÂ;XX XÂ;Ô€€In€this€situation,€a€waiver€of€the€ñ`ñœñ`ñsentence€ñ`ñenhanncemetnñ`ññ`ñenhancementñ`ñ€andÐ  2@), Ðmitigation€issuesñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€and€affirmance€of€the€trial€courtððs€sentence€ñ`ñœñ`ñlength€determinationÏisñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€the€result.€€òòOodyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€559.€€However,€we€discern€ñ`ñœñ`ñanñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€ñ`ñœñ`ñerrorñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€of€law€in€theÐ `6-0 Ðtrial€ñ`ñœñ`ñcourtððs€consecutiveñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€sentencing€determinations,€and€we€conclude€in€this€caseÏthat€justice€is€better€served€by€remanding€the€case€to€the€trial€court€for€a€ñ`ñœñ`ñnewÏdetermination€as€to€concurrent€or€consecutive€service€of€the€sentences.Ìñ`ñ›ñ`ñÌà ` àà ¸ àWe€review€questions€of€law€òòde€novoóó.€€òòState€v.€Davisóó,€940€S.W.2d€558,Ð à€ Ðat€561€(Tenn.€1997).€€As€part€of€such€a€òòde€novoóó€review,€we€conclude€that€the€trialÐ À`  Ðcourtððs€ñ`ñœñ`ñrationaleñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€for€ordering€consecutive€sentences€œñañwereñaññbñwasñbñ›€legally€erroneous.Ìœñcñ€ñcñ›Ìà ` àà ¸ àñ`ñœ›œ›œ›œ›œñ`ñInñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€announcing€its€decision€to€order€consecutive€service€of€theÏdefendantððs€sentences,€the€trial€court€declared€the€defendant€a€ð ðdangerousÏoffenderðð.€€òòSeeóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)(4)€(1997).€€The€dangerousÐ  À Ðoffender€is€one€of€the€categories€of€offender€for€ñ`ñœñ`ñwhichñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€consecutive€sentencing€isÏallowed.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„115(b)€(1997).€€However,€in€òòState€v.€Wilkersonóó,Ð à€ Ðour€supreme€court€held€that€merely€finding€the€defendant€to€be€a€dangerousÏoffender€is€an€insufficient€basis€for€ordering€consecutive€sentencing.€€òòState€v.Ð  #@ ÐWilkersonóó,€905€S.W.2d€933,€938€(Tenn.€1995).Ð €%  ÐÒ` ÒÒ°ÒÓÓThe€proof€must€also€establish€that€the€terms€imposed€are€reasonablyÏrelated€to€the€severity€of€the€offenses€committed€and€are€necessaryÏin€order€to€protect€the€public€from€further€criminal€acts€by€the€offender.ÌÌÒ` ÒÒ°ÒÓÓòòIdóó.€€€The€record€of€the€sentencing€hearing€reflects€no€attempt€by€the€trial€judge€toÐ  +À!$ Ðconsider€or€apply€these€two€factors€mandated€by€òòWilkersonóó.€€There€were€no€findingsÐ - #& Ðof€fact€relative€to€these€factors.€€On€remand,€should€the€trial€court€find€the€defendantÏto€be€a€dangerous€offender,€it€should€follow€the€principles€announced€in€òòWilkersonóóÐ À0`'* Ðin€considering€the€use€of€consecutive€sentences.ÌÌà ` àà ¸ àBecause€of€the€incomplete€status€of€the€sentencing€record€before€us,Ïwe€have€not€reviewed€the€trial€courtððs€sentencing€determinations€except€for€the€ñ`ñœñ`ñÏlegalñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€ñ`ñœñ`ñissueñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€addressed€above.€€The€absence€of€the€presentence€report€precludes€notÐ  :À04 Ðonly€our€further€review€of€the€other€sentencing€issues€raised€by€the€defendant€butÏalso€precludes€our€œtakingñdñ€anyñdñ›€œactionñeñ€on€the€consecutive€sentencing€issueñeñ›€other€thanÏremanding€the€case€for€ñ`ñœ›œñ`ñnewñ`ñ›œñ`ñ€findings€of€fact€and€œdeterminationsñfñ.€€ñfññgñ›€regarding›€concurrent›€or›€consecutive›€service›€of›€the›€sentences.ñgññLññIñ€ñIññLññgññMñ›ñMññgññMññMññgññMñ€ñMññgñ›ñMñ€ñMññNññMñwñMññNññNñWñNññOñe€leave€it€to€theÏtrial€court€to€determine,€in€its€discretion,€whether€a€further€hearing€is€to€be€conductedÏor€whether€the€necessary€ñOññPññOñcñOññPññQñdeterminations€ñQññRññQñwñQññRññSñshould€be€made€on€the€reñSññTññSñdord€tñSññTññUñcord€that€isÏalready€before€the€court.ñUññJññIñwñIññJññLññJñWñJññKñe€ñKññLñÌñ`ñ›ñ`ñÌà ` àà ¸ àAccordingly,€the€convictions€ñ`ñœñ`ññVñand€ñVññ`ññVñsentnecesñVññ`ññ`ñsentencesñ`ññVñ€ñVñareñ`ñ›ñ`ñ€affirmed,€theÏñ`ñœñ`ññWñsentence›€on›€the›€charge›€›€of›ÏconspiracyñWññXñimposition€of€consecutive€sentñXññYññXñnecñXññYññZñencesñZññ`ñ›ñ`ñ€is€vacated,€and€the€case€is€remanded€for€theÏtrial€court€ñ`ñœñ`ñtoñ\ñ€make€appropriate€findings€of€fact€and€to€determine€whether€theÏsentñ\ññ]ññ\ñneces€shallñ\ññ]ññ^ñences€shall€run€concurrently€or€consecutively.ñ^ññ[ñ€conduct€a€new€sentencing€hearing€on€the€conspiracy€charge.ñ[ññ`ñ›ñ`ñÌñ`ñœñ`ññ_ñÌñ_ññ`ñ›œñ`ññ_ñà ` àñ_ññ`ñ›œñ`ññ_ñà ` àñ_ñÔ#† XÂ;XXXÂ;dk#Ôñ_ñ›Ìñ_ññ`ñ›ñ`ñÌÓÓà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à_______________________________Ìà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àCURWOOD€WITT,€JUDGEÌÌÌ€CONCUR:ÌÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJOSEPH€M.€TIPTON,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ_____________________________ÌJOE€G.€RILEY,€JUDGEÌÌÌÌ