ÿWPCN { *!&¿'oÿ-­ O4¹‡Ç+>;è&ð^+ß1õ‘#Ñ“DhiÚEÕ{™óâL—ÝFA^ðöˆ¶HD¦¬Àâù­ÒÆæ{êA•òL‰†ÒÞUËY©²jV¯S‘bK<"*uÜTKð¥É€ô¡u7Úd¡N’PM$¦Š˜ÙhT«ÞÀ.ÅJÎç ñ;š¿ðΫ³›¾d„éPÇqÎ9lÚ½³És¥Þ² ¨;ÏJœ,‚èÌ š„8éû÷RLŠ‹r°&ýÊVg7غ)‹mú'%\ájßú>Þ·K¸É×n-ˆ$)ÏeÒ\D8I¡Á]CH÷Ó0,‚1*”Þ³ý®0À)F]W•²"©-;ûÆwËrS ³Ð>+Ö[eî¹²©[™?›Šˆéü8}/§-Z=Ÿíù“ÿƒwl‚wà‹G¨” âLJì³õÉ 9¬‹ˆ^Be«dôRZú‚+Q ³\æ5ym³ýýж³JI¿Þµdœy‚Fb#Á\ % ^ # 0ˆ/ UN· w 4 z Ò— i x mz UN‘ Æß Æ¥ Æk Æ1U@÷N799EAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAAbCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC 0ëKKKK B66 0¤S D3÷ D-* 0KWW AS¢Æõ 0¤» 0D_ A«£˜HP LaserJet 4050 Series PCL 6ÈÈÈÈÈÈÈÈ0»²¦*+â (`£ª$¡¡Ñ€.ÑÑ8€½­»»d»»d8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  Ó(í€"  Z6Times New Roman RegularYo†),/©k1ˆv« ˜C:\PROGRA~1\COREL\WORDPE~1\TEMPLATE\CUSTOM~1\REVISE~1.WPTC:\Program Files\Corel\WordPerfect Office 2000\Template\Custom WP Templates\revised standard opinion.wpt3|x ÿU‹ÿÀÀÀ(ÈhH  Z‹6Times New Roman RegularLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5‚Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5„Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5…Level 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(ÈhH  Z‹(Times New Roman  - ù-(|G2 ¦$¤¤Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@Í»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ýà  àòòÚ  Ú0Ú  ÚóóÔ€ôýò»»Ô d(|3lj$££Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@Í»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝVVVV'ÿÿdxd)!ÈÈÈÈdxdx( ±þ$’’ò òFigure€Ú  Ú1Ú  Úó ó^_X`YEþÿ<<CÿÿƒLevel 1Level 2Level 3Level 4Level 5(|3lj$¢¢Ý ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@Í»»dd8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  Ý($$””ò òÚ  Ú1Ú  Úó óX[Z&OLE 2.0 Box <=8ÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿÿCÿÿ HKKKKÝ ƒ£ª!ÝÑ€.ÑÑ8€@Í»»ddÈ8ÑÑ ý ÑÓ  ÓÝ  ÝÔ_ÔÑ  ÑÑ  ÑÔ€¼@Í»»»ÔÑ8€ÁXXdì»»d8Ñà@ttìàÔ‡î[¬î»¼@ÍÔIN€THE€COURT€OF€CRIMINAL€APPEALS€OF€TENNESSEEˆÐ ° Ðà@õõ%ìàAT€JACKSONÔ#†¼@Í»îî[¬ #ԈРÖ& ÐÓ  Óà @ àà @` àAssigned€on€Briefs€August€7,€2001Ð üL ÐÔ‡XÁX»¼@ÍÔÌò òÔ#†¼@Í»XXÁ#ÔSTATE€OF€TENNESSEEòòóó€v.€DONALD€STEVE€SIKESÔ‡XÁX»¼@ÍÔó óÐ úJ ÐÌà@@½½ìàò òDirect€Appeal€from€the€Circuit€Court€for€Madison€CountyÐ ú J Ðà@@øøìàNo.€00„51€€€€€€Donald€H.€Allen,€JudgeÐ æ 6 ÐÌÌà@@ìì*ìàßA€V) °°` d€÷E<©` AßÐ ªú  ÐÌà@@TTìàNo.€W2000„02960„CCA„R3„CD€„€Filed€September€6,€Ô_Ô2001Ô_ÔÐ ¥õ  ÐÌßA€V) °°` dE<|` AßÐ }Í  Ðó óÌÓ  ÓAs€the€result€of€an€altercation€with€the€manager€of€a€fast€food€restaurant,€the€defendant€was€convictedÐ xÈ  Ðby€a€jury€of€aggravated€assault,€a€Class€C€felony;€assault,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor;€unlawfulÐ d´ Ðpossession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence,€a€Class€A€misdemeanor;€and€the€unlawfulÐ P  Ðpossession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed,€as€a€Class€C€misdemeanor.€€He€was€sentencedÐ <Œ Ðby€the€trial€court€to€an€effective€sentence€of€four€and€one„half€years,€with€150€days€in€confinement,Ð (x Ðand€the€remainder€of€his€time€on€intensive€probation.€€Following€the€denial€of€his€motion€for€a€newÐ d Ðtrial,€the€defendant€filed€a€timely€appeal€to€this€court,€raising€the€issues€of€whether€the€evidence€wasÐ P Ðsufficient€to€support€his€convictions€of€possession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed€andÐ ì< Ðpossession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence,€and€whether€the€trial€court€erred€in€enhancingÐ Ø( Ðhis€aggravated€assault€sentence€to€four€and€one„half€years€and€sentencing€him€to€intensive€probation.€Ð Ä ÐBased€on€a€careful€review,€we€conclude€that€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððsÐ ° Ðconvictions,€and€that€the€trial€court€did€not€err€in€enhancing€the€defendantððs€sentence€for€aggravatedÐ œì Ðassault.€€Accordingly,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€€Ð ˆØ ÐÔ#†¼@Í»XXÁ‘#ÔÔ‡XÁX»¼@ÍÔÓ¶ÓÌò òTenn.€R.€App.€P.€3€Appeal€as€of€Right;€Judgment€of€the€Circuit€Court€Affirmedó óÐ `° ÐÌòòÓ  ÓÔ#†¼@Í»àXÁØ #ÔÔ‡XÁX.¼@ÍÔAlan€E.€Glenn,€J.óó,€delivered€the€opinion€of€the€court,€in€which€òòDavid€G.€Hayesóó€and€òòJoe€G.€Riley,Ð 8!ˆ  ÐJJ.óó,€joined.Ð $"t! ÐÌC.€Michael€Robbins,€Memphis,€Tennessee€(on€appeal);€George€Morton€Googe,€District€PublicÐ ü#L# ÐDefender;€and€Vanessa€D.€King,€Assistant€Public€Defender€(at€trial€and€on€appeal),€for€the€appellant,Ð è$8 $ ÐDonald€Steve€Sikes.Ð Ô%$!% ÐÌPaul€G.€Summers,€Attorney€General€and€Reporter;€J.€Ross€Dyer,€Assistant€Attorney€General;€JamesÐ ¬'ü"' ÐG.€Woodall,€District€Attorney€General;€and€Shaun€A.€Brown,€Assistant€District€Attorney€General,Ð ˜(è#( Ðfor€the€appellee,€State€of€Tennessee.Ð „)Ô$) ÐÓt ÓÌà@@OO&ìàò òOPINIONó óÔ#†¼@Í»XXÁ£ #ÔÔ‡XÁX»¼@ÍÔÐ \+¬&+ ÐÌòòóóÔ#†¼@Í»XXÁí#ÔÓ  ÓÔ€XÁX»¼@ÍÔÐ  4-„(-ý Ðà@ˆˆ%ìàò òòòDISCUSSIONóóó óˆà p àÐ ° Ðà  à€On€the€evening€of€September€28,€1999,€the€defendant,€Donald€Steve€Sikes,€placed€an€orderÐ œì Ðat€the€drive„through€of€a€Churchððs€Chicken€in€Jackson,€Tennessee.€Churchððs€Assistant€DistrictÐ ˆØ ÐManager€Charles€Helloms,€who€was€inside€when€the€defendant€was€served,€noticed€as€he€wasÐ tÄ Ðleaving€the€restaurant€that€the€defendant€was€still€at€the€drive„through€window.€€Concerned€about€theÐ `° Ðlength€of€time€that€the€defendant€had€been€in€the€drive„through€line,€Helloms€approached€to€ask€ifÐ L œ Ðthere€was€a€problem.€€According€to€Helloms,€the€defendant€responded€with€anger€and€violence,€firstÐ 8 ˆ Ðpulling€out€a€handgun€and€threatening€to€shoot€him,€and€then€following€Helloms€as€he€retreated€toÐ $ t Ðhis€car€and€striking€him€in€the€face€with€his€hand.€€The€defendant€was€subsequently€charged€withÐ  ` Ðaggravated€assault,€assault,€unlawful€possession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence,€unlawfulÐ ü L  Ðpossession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed,€and€public€intoxication.€Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àAt€trial,€Helloms€testified€that€when€he€left€the€restaurant€he€pulled€into€the€drive„throughÐ À  Ðlane,€where€he€saw€the€defendant€still€at€the€drive„through€window€talking€to€two€employees.€€SinceÐ ¬ü  Ðhe€knew€that€the€defendant€had€been€in€the€lane€approximately€twenty€to€twenty„five€minutes€andÐ ˜è  Ðhad€already€been€served,€he€pulled€his€car€alongside€the€defendantððs€pickup€truck,€got€out,€andÐ „Ô  Ðwalked€over€to€inquire€if€everything€was€all€right.€€Helloms€said€that€he€was€in€uniform,€and€that€heÐ pÀ Ðintroduced€himself€as€the€restaurantððs€assistant€district€manager.€€The€defendant€responded€by€askingÐ \¬ Ðhim€ð ðwho€in€the€fuckðð€€he€was.€€Helloms€repeated€that€he€was€the€assistant€district€manager€and€wasÐ H˜ Ðtrying€to€determine€if€there€was€a€problem.€The€defendant€replied€that€he€did€not€care€who€he€was,Ð 4„ Ðand€that€he€would€shoot€him€because€he€was€standing€too€close€to€his€truck.€€When€Helloms€failedÐ  p Ðto€move,€the€defendant,€reaching€behind€him,€pulled€out€a€small,€black€handgun,€pointed€it€atÐ  \ ÐHelloms,€and€said€something€along€the€lines€of€ð ðYou€donððt€believe€Iððll€shoot?ðð€€Helloms€testifiedÐ øH Ðthat,€without€thinking,€he€replied,€ð ðGo€ahead,ðð€but€he€was€immediately€fearful€that€the€defendantÐ ä4 Ðwould,€in€fact,€shoot€him.€€Instead,€the€defendant€laid€his€gun€down,€and€Helloms€said,€ð ðOkay,€fine,ððÐ Ð  Ðand€walked€back€to€his€car€and€got€in.€€As€he€was€about€to€close€his€car€door,€the€defendant,€who€hadÐ ¼  Ðfollowed€him,€struck€him€in€the€face€with€his€hand.€€The€defendant€then€returned€to€his€truck€at€theÐ ¨ø Ðdrive„through€window,€where€store€employees€engaged€him€in€conversation€until€the€police€arrived.Ð ”ä ÐÌà  àHelloms€acknowledged€that€the€defendant€had€asked€him€to€move€his€car€when€he€firstÐ l¼ Ðapproached€him€at€the€drive„through€window,€and€that€he€had€refused.€€He€denied,€however,€that€hisÐ X ¨ Ðcar€had€been€blocking€the€defendantððs€vehicle,€testifying€that€he€had€parked€on€the€outside€of€theÐ D!” Ðdrive„through€lane.€€Helloms€also€denied€that€he€had€had€a€gun€in€his€car.€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  àMelissa€Ray,€an€employee€of€the€Churchððs€Chicken€restaurant€in€September€1999,€€witnessedÐ $X" Ða€portion€of€the€encounter€between€the€defendant€and€Helloms.€€She€testified€that€the€defendant€hadÐ ô$D # Ðbeen€in€the€drive„through€about€twenty„five€to€thirty€minutes€and€had€already€been€served€whenÐ à%0!$ ÐHelloms€approached€and€introduced€himself€as€the€district€manager.€€She€heard€the€defendant€replyÐ Ì&"% Ðthat€he€did€not€care€who€Helloms€was,€and€that€Helloms€ð ðneeded€to€move€away€from€his€ððMFðð€truckððÐ ¸'#& Ðbefore€he€ran€him€over.€€She€watched€Helloms€walk€to€his€car,€and€then€went€to€the€back€of€theÐ ¤(ô#' Ðrestaurant€to€call€the€police.€€When€she€returned€to€the€window,€the€defendant€told€her,€ð ðI€slappedÐ )à$( Ðâ âthe€MF€boy.ðð€Ray€said€that€she€saw€a€gun€beside€the€defendant€on€his€truck€seat,€and€that€she€laterÐ |*Ì%) Ðsaw€him€place€it€in€his€glove€box.€€Although€she€had€not€smelled€alcohol,€she€thought€that€theÐ ° Ðdefendant€had€been€drinking€because€he€was€ð ðhostile€and€edgy.ðð€Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àOfficers€Chad€French€and€Douglas€Manaseri€of€the€Jackson€Police€Department€respondedÐ tÄ Ðto€the€incident.€€Both€testified€to€smelling€a€strong€odor€of€alcohol€about€the€defendant.€€OfficerÐ `° ÐFrench€described€the€defendantððs€eyes€as€ð ðbloodshot€and€a€little€glassyðð€and€said€that€the€defendantÐ L œ Ðadmitted€that€he€had€been€drinking.€€Officer€Manaseri€said€that€the€defendantððs€eyes€were€very€redÐ 8 ˆ Ðand€that€his€speech€was€slurred.€€A€loaded€.22€semi„automatic€handgun€was€recovered€from€the€gloveÐ $ t Ðbox€of€the€defendantððs€vehicle.€€The€officers€acknowledged€that€they€did€not€find€any€alcohol€in€theÐ  ` Ðvehicle,€and€that€no€field€sobriety,€Breathalyzer,€or€blood€alcohol€tests€were€performed€on€theÐ ü L  Ðdefendant.€€They€also€admitted€that€they€had€not€searched€Hellomsððs€car€for€a€gun.Ð è 8  ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€testified€that€he€had€stayed€in€the€drive„through€lane€because€he€had€placedÐ À  Ða€second€order€while€at€the€drive„through€window.€€He€said€that€Helloms€was€standing€beside€theÐ ¬ü  Ðwall€of€the€restaurant,€near€the€drive„through,€and€Hellomsððs€car€was€blocking€the€exit€path€of€hisÐ ˜è  Ðtruck,€when€he€first€pulled€up€to€pick€up€his€order.€€Helloms€was€staring€in€his€window,€and€he€askedÐ „Ô  Ðif€he€could€help€him.€€Helloms€told€him€that€he€was€trying€to€catch€his€employees€giving€away€freeÐ pÀ Ðfood.€€He€told€Helloms€that€they€were€not€giving€any€free€food€to€him€and€to€ð ðget€out€of€[his]€faceððÐ \¬ Ðand€move€his€car.€€Helloms€failed€to€move,€however,€and€they€began€arguing€and€cursing€at€eachÐ H˜ Ðother.€€The€defendant€said€that€in€the€midst€of€the€argument,€he€lifted€up€his€armrest€to€make€roomÐ 4„ Ðfor€his€food,€in€the€process€exposing€his€handgun€that€his€ex„wife€had€returned€to€him€earlier€thatÐ  p Ðday.€€He€claimed€that€he€had€forgotten€he€had€the€gun€and€that€when€he€saw€it,€he€put€it€in€his€gloveÐ  \ Ðcompartment.€€After€he€put€the€gun€away,€Helloms€told€him€that€he€had€ð ðsomethingðð€for€him€in€hisÐ øH Ðcar.€€Thinking€that€Helloms€had€a€gun,€and€wanting€to€prevent€him€from€reaching€it,€he€got€out€ofÐ ä4 Ðhis€truck€and€followed€Helloms€to€his€car.€€At€the€car,€Helloms€shoved€him,€and€he€shoved€back.€€Ð Ð  ЀÌà  àThe€defendant€denied€that€he€ever€pointed€the€gun€at€Helloms€or€threatened€to€shoot€him.€Ð ¨ø ÐHe€acknowledged€that€he€had€told€the€officers€that€he€had€been€drinking,€but€testified€that€he€had€hadÐ ”ä Ðonly€two€mixed€drinks€approximately€four€or€five€hours€earlier€in€the€evening.€€The€defendant€saidÐ €Ð Ðthat€he€suffers€from€diabetes,€and€had€stopped€by€the€restaurant€because€he€could€feel€his€blood€sugarÐ l¼ Ðgetting€low€and€knew€he€needed€to€eat.€€He€explained€that€one€symptom€of€low€blood€sugar€is€slurredÐ X ¨ Ðspeech,€and€said€that€his€red€face€and€eyes€were€caused€by€a€medical€condition€called€rosacea.€HeÐ D!” Ðtestified€that€he€and€his€wife€had€divorced€three€years€earlier,€but€she€had€not€returned€his€handgunÐ 0"€  Ðto€him€until€that€day.€€He€admitted€that€he€had€no€permit€to€carry€a€handgun,€but€denied€that€heÐ #l! Ðcarried€the€gun€with€him€on€a€regular€basis.€Ð $X" ÐÌà  àAfter€deliberating,€the€jury€found€the€defendant€guilty€of€aggravated€assault,€assault,Ð à%0!$ Ðpossession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence,€and€possession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€toÐ Ì&"% Ðgo€armed,€and€not€guilty€of€public€intoxication.€€The€jury€imposed€a€fine€of€$2500€each€for€theÐ ¸'#& Ðaggravated€assault€and€possession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence€convictions,€and€a€$50€fineÐ ¤(ô#' Ðfor€the€possession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed€conviction.€€No€fine€was€imposed€for€theÐ )à$( Ðassault€conviction.€€At€the€conclusion€of€the€sentencing€hearing,€the€trial€court€sentenced€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðdefendant€to€concurrent€sentences€of€four€years,€six€months€on€the€aggravated€assault€conviction;Ð h+¸&* Ðeleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€on€the€assault€conviction;€eleven€months,€twenty„nine€days€on€theÐ ° Ðpossession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence€conviction;€and€thirty€days€on€the€possession€ofÐ œì Ða€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed€conviction.€€The€defendant€was€ordered€to€serve€150€days€inÐ ˆØ Ðthe€county€workhouse,€with€the€remainder€of€his€time€on€intensive€probation.€€Following€the€denialÐ tÄ Ðof€his€motion€for€a€new€trial,€the€defendant€filed€a€timely€appeal€to€this€court.€Ð `° ÐÌà@òò&ìàò òòòANALYSISˆÐ 8 ˆ ÐÌóóó óà@÷÷ìàò òI.€€Sufficiency€of€the€EvidenceˆÐ  ` Ðà@ìì*ìàˆÌó óà  àThe€defendant€first€raises€the€issue€of€whether€the€evidence€was€sufficient€to€support€hisÐ è 8  Ðconvictions€for€possession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence€and€possession€of€a€weapon€withÐ Ô$  Ðthe€intent€to€go€armed.€€When€the€sufficiency€of€the€convicting€evidence€is€challenged€on€appeal,€theÐ À  Ðrelevant€question€of€the€reviewing€court€is€€ð ðwhether,€after€viewing€the€evidence€in€the€light€mostÐ ¬ü  Ðfavorable€to€the€prosecution,€òòanyóó€rational€trier€of€fact€could€have€found€the€essential€elements€of€theÐ ˜è  Ðoffense€charged€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð€€òòJackson€v.€Virginiaóó,€443€U.S.€307,€319,€99€S.€Ct.€2781,Ð „Ô  Ð2789,€61€L.€Ed.€2d€560€(1979).€€òòSeeóó€òòalsoóó€òòState€v.€Evansóó,€838€S.W.2d€185,€190„92€(Tenn.€1992);€òòStateÐ pÀ Ðv.€Andersonóó,€835€S.W.2d€600,€604€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1992)òòóó;€Tenn.€R.€App.€P.€13(e)€(ð ðFindings€ofÐ \¬ Ðguilt€in€criminal€actions€whether€by€the€trial€court€or€jury€shall€be€set€aside€if€the€evidence€isÐ H˜ Ðinsufficient€to€support€the€findings€by€the€trier€of€fact€of€guilt€beyond€a€reasonable€doubt.ðð).€€AllÐ 4„ Ðquestions€involving€the€credibility€of€witnesses,€the€weight€and€value€to€be€given€the€evidence,€andÐ  p Ðall€factual€issues€are€resolved€by€the€trier€of€fact.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Pappasóó,€754€S.W.2d€620,€623€(Tenn.Ð  \ ÐCrim.€App.€1987)òòóó.€€ð ðA€guilty€verdict€by€the€jury,€approved€by€the€trial€judge,€accredits€the€testimonyÐ øH Ðof€the€witnesses€for€the€State€and€resolves€all€conflicts€in€favor€of€the€theory€of€the€State.ðð€€òòState€v.Ð ä4 ÐGraceóó,€493€S.W.2d€474,€476€(Tenn.€1973).€€A€jury€conviction€removes€the€presumption€of€innocenceÐ Ð  Ðwith€which€a€defendant€is€initially€cloaked€and€replaces€it€with€one€of€guilt,€so€that€on€appeal,€aÐ ¼  Ðconvicted€defendant€has€the€burden€of€demonstrating€that€the€evidence€is€insufficient.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.Ð ¨ø ÐTuggleóó,€639€S.W.2d€913,€914€(Tenn.€1982).Ô‡ XÁXXXÁÔÐ ”ä ÐÌà@— — ìàò òA.€€Possession€of€a€Handgun€While€Under€the€Influence€ó óˆÐ l¼ ÐÔ#†XÁXX XÁý>#ÔÌà  à€Tennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€39„17„1321,€prohibiting€the€possession€of€a€handgunÐ D!” Ðwhile€under€the€influence,€provides:€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(a)€Notwithstanding€whether€a€person€has€a€permit€issuedÐ $X" Ðpursuant€to€ðð€39„17„1315€or€ðð€39„17„1351,€it€is€an€offense€for€aÐ ô$D # Ðperson€to€possess€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence€of€alcohol€orÐ à%0!$ Ðany€controlled€substance.ÐÌ&"%` x` x ÐÌà8  àà8` Ð Ð àà ¸ à(b)€A€violation€of€this€section€is€a€Class€A€misdemeanor.€Ð¤(ô#'` x` x ÐÌÌÐ h+¸&* Ðà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€by€expressly€referring€to€the€statutory€scheme€by€which€a€privateÐ ° Ðindividual€can€become€licensed€to€carry€a€handgun,€the€introductory€clause€of€the€statute€limits€itsÐ œì Ðapplication€to€those€individuals€who€hold€handgun€carry€permits,€thus€making€it€inapplicable€to€him.€Ð ˆØ ÐHe€argues€that€this€is€the€only€reasonable€interpretation€of€the€statute,€asserting€that€if€the€statute€isÐ tÄ Ðheld€to€apply€to€an€individual€without€a€handgun€carry€permit,€ð ðthe€statute€reaches€every€person€inÐ `° ÐTennessee€who€owns€handguns€who€is€at€one€time€or€another€under€the€influence€of€alcohol€whileÐ L œ Ðactually€or€constructively€possessing€the€handgun.ðð€€We€disagree€with€the€defendantððs€analysis€asÐ 8 ˆ Ðto€the€limitation€on€this€statute,€or€its€broad€reach€if€we€do€not€accept€his€analysis.Ð $ t ÐÌà  à€A€courtððs€role€in€construing€a€statute€is€to€ascertain€and€give€effect€to€legislative€intent.€€òòStateÐ ü L  Ðv.€Flemmingóó,€19€S.W.3d€195,€197€(Tenn.€2000);€òòSchering„Plough€Healthcare€Prods.,€Inc.€v.€StateÐ è 8  ÐBd.€of€Equalizationóó,€999€S.W.2d€773,€775€(Tenn.€1999).€€Whenever€possible,€legislative€intent€is€toÐ Ô$  Ðbe€ascertained€from€the€natural€and€ordinary€meaning€of€the€language€used.€€òòFlemmingóó,€19€S.W.3dÐ À  Ðat€197;€òòóó€òòCarson€Creek€Vacation€Resorts,€Inc.€v.€State,€Depððt€of€Revenueóó,€865€S.W.2d€1,€2€(Tenn.Ð ¬ü  Ð1993).òòóóòòóó€€€ð ðThe€legislative€intent€and€purpose€are€to€be€ascertained€primarily€from€the€natural€andÐ ˜è  Ðordinary€meaning€of€statutory€language,€without€a€forced€or€subtle€interpretation€that€would€limit€orÐ „Ô  Ðextend€the€statuteððs€application.ðð€òòState€v.€Blackstockóó,€19€S.W.3d€200,€210€(Tenn.€2000)€(citing€òòStateÐ pÀ Ðv.€Pettusóó,€986€S.W.2d€540,€544€(Tenn.€1999)).€€If€the€language€of€a€statute€is€ambiguous,€then€thisÐ \¬ Ðcourt€must€look€beyond€the€language€to€adopt€a€reasonable€construction€that€provides€for€harmoniousÐ H˜ Ðoperation€of€the€laws.€òòLipscomb€v.€Doeóó,€32€S.W.3d€840,€844€(Tenn.€2000).€€However,€if€theÐ 4„ Ðlanguage€is€not€ambiguous,€we€may€apply€the€plain€language€of€the€statute€to€resolve€the€issue.€€òòId.óó€Ð  p ÐÌà  àThere€is€no€ambiguity€in€the€statute€at€issue€here.€€Rather€than€limiting€its€application€to€thoseÐ øH Ðindividuals€who€hold€handgun€carry€permits,€the€statuteððs€introductory€phrase€merely€removes€aÐ ä4 Ðpossible€exception€by€expressly€providing€that€those€individuals€who€hold€handgun€carry€permitsÐ Ð  Ðare€also€subject€to€prosecution€under€the€statute€if€they€are€found€in€possession€of€a€handgun€whileÐ ¼  Ðunder€the€influence€of€alcohol€or€a€controlled€substance.€€We€are€ð ðrequired€to€construe€statutes€in€aÐ ¨ø Ðreasonable€and€logical€fashion.ðð€òòState€v.€Ralphóó,€6€S.W.3d€251,€256€(Tenn.€1999)€(citing€òòMcClellanÐ ”ä Ðv.€Bd.€of€Regents€of€State€Universityóó,€921€S.W.2d€684,€689€(Tenn.€1996)).€€A€reasonableÐ €Ð Ðinterpretation€of€this€statute€is€that€the€Legislature,€recognizing€the€danger€of€a€person€under€theÐ l¼ Ðinfluence€of€an€intoxicant€not€merely€owning€but€being€in€possession€of€a€firearm,€criminalized€suchÐ X ¨ Ðbehavior.Ð D!” ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€also€suggests€that€applying€the€statute€to€individuals€not€having€handgun€carryÐ #l! Ðpermits€is€unreasonable€because€it€leads€to€the€ð ðunavoidable€resultðð€that€the€mere€possession€of€aÐ $X" Ðhandgun€while€under€the€influence,€as€a€Class€A€misdemeanor,€is€a€more€serious€offense€thanÐ ô$D # Ðpossession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed,€a€Class€C€misdemeanor.€€It€is€not€this€courtððsÐ à%0!$ Ðrole,€however,€to€question€the€reasonableness€of€the€Legislatureððs€grading€of€offenses.€òòSeeóó€òòGleavesÐ Ì&"% Ðv.€Checker€Cab€Transit€Corp.óó,€15€S.W.3d€799,€803€(Tenn.€2000).€€ð ðInstead,€courts€must€ððpresumeÐ ¸'#& Ðthat€the€legislature€says€in€a€statute€what€it€means€and€means€in€a€statute€what€it€says€there.ðððð€òòId.óóÐ ¤(ô#' Ð(quoting€òòBellSouth€Telecomms.,€Inc.€v.€Greeróó,€972€S.W.2d€663,€673€(Tenn.€Ct.€App.€1997)).€€TheÐ )à$( Ðâ âstatuteððs€plain€language€provides€that€it€is€a€Class€A€misdemeanor€for€an€individual€to€possess€aÐ |*Ì%) Ðhandgun€while€under€the€influence€of€alcohol€or€any€controlled€substance.€€As€written,€the€statuteÐ ° Ðclearly€applies€to€this€defendant.Ð œì Ðâ âÌà  àTo€find€the€defendant€guilty€of€the€unlawful€possession€of€a€handgun€while€under€theÐ tÄ Ðinfluence€of€alcohol,€the€jury€had€only€to€find:€1)€that€he€had€€possession€of€a€handgun,€and€2)€thatÐ `° Ðhe€was€under€the€influence€of€alcohol.€€Viewed€in€the€light€most€favorable€to€the€State,€the€evidenceÐ L œ Ðin€this€case€was€sufficient€to€support€the€defendantððs€conviction€of€this€offense.€€The€defendantÐ 8 ˆ Ðadmitted€at€trial€that€he€had€the€handgun€with€him€and€that,€while€at€the€drive„through€window,€heÐ $ t Ðmoved€it€from€its€location€by€his€side€to€the€glove€compartment€of€his€truck.€€Churchððs€ChickenÐ  ` Ðemployee€Melissa€Ray,€who€engaged€the€defendant€in€conversation€until€the€police€arrived,€€testifiedÐ ü L  Ðthat,€based€on€his€demeanor€and€attitude,€the€defendant€appeared€to€have€been€drinking.€€OfficersÐ è 8  ÐFrench€and€Manaseri€testified€that€there€was€a€ð ðstrong€odorðð€of€alcohol€about€the€defendant,€that€hisÐ Ô$  Ðeyes€were€red€and€bloodshot,€and€that€his€speech€was€slurred.€€In€addition,€although€no€blood€alcoholÐ À  Ðor€Breathalyzer€tests€were€performed,€the€defendant€admitted€to€Officer€French€that€he€had€beenÐ ¬ü  Ðdrinking.€€Thus,€sufficient€evidence€was€presented€from€which€the€jury€could€find€that€the€defendantÐ ˜è  Ðmet€both€elements€of€the€offense€of€possession€of€a€handgun€while€under€the€influence€of€alcohol.€Ð „Ô  ÐThis€issue€is€without€merit.Ð pÀ ÐÌà@z z ìàò òB.€€Possession€of€a€Weapon€with€the€Intent€to€Go€Armed€ˆÐ H˜ Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendant€also€challenges€the€sufficiency€of€the€evidence€in€support€of€his€conviction€forÐ  p Ðpossession€of€a€weapon€with€the€intent€to€go€armed.€€Specifically,€he€contends€that€the€State€failedÐ  \ Ðto€prove€that€he€had€the€specific€intent€to€go€armed.€€Again,€we€disagree.Ð øH ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€39„17„1307,€which€€prohibits€the€unlawful€carrying€orÐ Ð  Ðpossession€of€a€weapon,€states€in€pertinent€part€that€ð ð[a]€person€commits€an€offense€who€carries€withÐ ¼  Ðthe€intent€to€go€armed€a€firearm,€.€.€.€.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€39„17„1307(a)(1)€(1997).€€The€intent€ofÐ ¨ø Ða€defendant€may€be€inferred€from€both€direct€and€circumstantial€evidence.€€òòSeeóó€òòHill€v.€Stateóó,€298Ð ”ä ÐS.W.2d€799,€800€(Tenn.€1957);€òòState€v.€Washingtonóó,€658€S.W.2d€144,€146€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1983);Ð €Ð ÐòòCole€v.€Stateóó,€539€S.W.2d€46,€49€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.€1976).€€Thus,€a€defendantððs€intent€of€goingÐ l¼ Ðarmed€may€be€proven€by€the€circumstances€surrounding€his€carrying€of€the€weapon.€òòSeeóó€òòHillóó,€298Ð X ¨ ÐS.W.2d€at€800;€òòColeóó,€539€S.W.2d€at€49;€òòBennet€v.€Stateóó,€530€S.W.2d€788,€792€(Tenn.€Crim.€App.Ð D!” Ð1975).€€€Ð 0"€  ÐÌà  à€In€our€view,€the€State€introduced€sufficient€evidence€in€this€case€from€which€a€rational€trierÐ $X" Ðof€fact€could€infer€the€defendantððs€intent€to€go€armed.€€Helloms€testified€that€the€defendant€pulledÐ ô$D # Ðthe€gun€from€behind€his€seat,€pointed€it€directly€at€him,€and€threatened€to€shoot.€€Ray€testified€thatÐ à%0!$ Ðshe€saw€the€gun€beside€the€defendant€on€his€truck€seat,€and€that€after€she€had€talked€with€him€andÐ Ì&"% Ðcalmed€him€down,€he€put€it€into€the€glove€box.€€When€officers€arrived,€they€found€the€gun€to€be€fullyÐ ¸'#& Ðloaded.€€From€these€facts€and€circumstances,€the€jury€was€entitled€to€conclude€that€the€defendant€wasÐ ¤(ô#' Ðnot€just€transporting€the€gun€from€his€ex„wifeððs€home€to€his,€as€he€claimed,€but€instead€was€carryingÐ )à$( Ðit€with€the€specific€intent€of€going€armed.€€This€issue€is€without€merit.Ð |*Ì%) ÐÐ h+¸&* Ðà@€€#ìàò òII.€€SentencingˆÐ ° Ðó óÌà  àThe€defendant€contends€that€both€the€length€and€manner€of€service€imposed€by€the€trial€courtÐ ˆØ Ðwas€excessive.€€Ô‡XÁXXXÁÔHe€argues€that€the€trial€court€erroneously€applied€enhancement€factor€(16),€and€failedÐ tÄ Ðto€give€appropriate€weight€and€consideration€to€the€mitigating€factor€of€his€long€history€of€steadyÐ `° Ðemployment,€in€enhancing€his€sentence€for€aggravated€assault€to€four€years€and€six€months.€€He€alsoÐ L œ Ðargues€that€the€trial€courtÔ#†XÁXXXÁWf#ÔÔ‡XÁXXXÁÔ€erred€in€ordering€that€he€serve€150€days€in€confinement,€with€the€remainderÐ 8 ˆ Ðof€his€time€on€intensive€probation.€€Since€his€period€of€confinement€has€already€been€served,€he€asksÐ $ t Ðthat€this€court€reduce€his€sentence€to€three€years,€and€order€that€the€remainder€of€his€time€be€servedÐ  ` Ðon€ordinary€supervised€probation.Ð ü L  ÐÌà  àTennessee€Code€Annotated€Section€40„35„401(d)€provides€that€when€an€accused€challengesÐ Ô$  Ðthe€length,€range,€or€manner€of€service€of€a€sentence,€this€court€is€to€conduct€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€on€theÐ À  Ðrecord€with€a€presumption€that€ð ðthe€determinations€made€by€the€court€from€which€the€appeal€is€takenÐ ¬ü  Ðare€correct.ðð€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401(d)€(1997).€€This€presumption,€however,€€is€ð ðconditionedÐ ˜è  Ðupon€the€affirmative€showing€in€the€record€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€sentencing€principlesÐ „Ô  Ðand€all€relevant€facts€and€circumstances.ðð€€òòState€v.€Ashbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€166,€169€(Tenn.€1991).€€Ð pÀ ÐSince€the€trial€court€in€this€case€failed€to€clearly€articulate€the€enhancement€and€mitigating€factorsÐ \¬ Ðapplicable,€or€how€they€were€evaluated€and€balanced€in€determining€the€sentence,€we€review€thisÐ H˜ Ðissue€òòde€novoóó,€with€no€presumption€of€correctness€given€to€the€trial€courtððs€sentencingÐ 4„ Ðdeterminations.€€òòSeeóó€òòState€v.€Jonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€597,€599„600€(Tenn.€1994).€Ð  p ÐÌà  àIn€conducting€a€òòóóòòde€novoóó€review€of€a€sentence,€this€court€must€consider€(a)€any€evidenceÐ øH Ðreceived€at€the€trial€and/or€sentencing€hearing,€(b)€the€presentence€report,€(c)€the€principles€ofÐ ä4 Ðsentencing,€(d)€the€arguments€of€counsel€relative€to€sentencing€alternatives,€(e)€the€nature€andÐ Ð  Ðcharacteristics€of€the€offense,€(f)€any€mitigating€or€enhancing€factors,€(g)€any€statements€made€by€theÐ ¼  Ðaccused€in€his€own€behalf,€and€(h)€the€accused's€potential€or€lack€of€potential€for€rehabilitation€orÐ ¨ø Ðtreatment.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðððð€40„35„103€and€„210;€€òòState€v.€Scottóó,€735€S.W.2d€825,€829€(Tenn.Ð ”ä ÐCrim.€App.€1987).Ð €Ð ÐÌà  àThe€party€challenging€the€sentences€imposed€by€the€trial€court€has€the€burden€of€establishingÐ X ¨ Ðthat€the€sentences€are€erroneous.€€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„401,€Sentencing€Commission€Cmts.;€Ð D!” ÐòòAshbyóó,€823€S.W.2d€at€169òòóó.€€In€this€case,€the€defendant€has€the€burden€of€illustrating€the€sentencesÐ 0"€  Ðimposed€by€the€trial€court€are€erroneous.Ô#†XÁXXXÁh#ÔÐ #l! ÐÌà  àThe€sentence€to€be€imposed€by€the€trial€court€for€a€Class€B,€C,€D,€or€E€felony€isÐ ô$D # Ðpresumptively€the€minimum€in€the€range€unless€there€are€enhancement€factors€present.€€Tenn.€CodeÐ à%0!$ ÐAnn.€ðð€40„35„210(c)€(1997).€€€Procedurally,€the€trial€court€is€to€increase€the€sentence€within€the€rangeÐ Ì&"% Ðbased€on€the€existence€of€enhancement€factors,€and€then€reduce€the€sentence€as€appropriate€for€anyÐ ¸'#& Ðmitigating€factors.€€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„210(d)€&€(e)€(1997).€€For€his€aggravated€assaultÐ ¤(ô#' Ðconviction,€a€Class€C€felony,€the€defendant€was€subject€to€a€sentence€ranging€from€three€to€six€years.€Ð )à$( ÐòòóóTenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„112(a)(3)€(1997).€€Although€it€is€not€completely€clear€from€the€record,€theÐ |*Ì%) Ðtrial€court€apparently€applied€enhancement€factors€(1),€that€the€defendant€has€a€previous€history€ofÐ h+¸&* Ðcriminal€convictions€or€criminal€behavior€in€addition€to€those€necessary€to€establish€the€appropriateÐ ° Ðrange,€and€(16),€that€the€crime€was€committed€under€circumstances€under€which€the€potential€forÐ œì Ðbodily€injury€to€a€victim€was€great,€òòseeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„114(1)€&€(16)€(1997),€to€enhanceÐ ˆØ Ðthe€defendantððs€sentence€for€aggravated€assault€to€four€years,€six€months.€€Factor€(16),€however,€mayÐ tÄ Ðnot€be€applied€when€the€ð ðproof€that€the€potential€for€bodily€injury€was€great€would€also€prove€anÐ `° Ðessential€element€of€the€offense€charged.ðð€€òòJonesóó,€883€S.W.2d€at€603.€€We€agree€with€the€defendantÐ L œ Ðthat€the€trial€courtððs€application€of€enhancement€factor€(16)€in€this€case€was€error,€since€the€factorÐ 8 ˆ Ðwas€inherent€in€his€offense€of€aggravated€assault.€€€Ð $ t ÐÌà  àThe€trial€court€applied€enhancement€factor€(1)€based€on€the€defendantððs€1987€misdemeanorÐ ü L  Ðconviction€for€DUI.€€The€trial€court€apparently€gave€this€factor€substantial€weight,€expressing€itsÐ è 8  Ðconcern€that€the€defendantððs€prior€conviction,€similar€to€his€present€offenses,€also€involved€the€abuseÐ Ô$  Ðof€alcohol.€€The€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€assuming€facts€about€his€priorÐ À  Ðconviction€that€were€not€in€the€record.€€We€disagree.€€The€transcript€of€the€sentencing€hearing€revealsÐ ¬ü  Ðthat€the€trial€court€merely€noted,€appropriately,€that€the€defendantððs€previous€conviction€for€DUI€alsoÐ ˜è  Ðinvolved€his€consumption€of€alcohol€and€driving.€€We€find€no€error€in€the€trial€courtððs€applicationÐ „Ô  Ðof€this€factor,€or€in€the€heavy€weight€to€which€it€was€apparently€assigned.€Ð pÀ ÐÌà  àThe€defendant€argues€that€the€trial€court€erred€in€failing€to€give€greater€weight€to€theÐ H˜ Ðmitigating€factor€of€his€long€history€of€steady€employment€and€good€work€ethic.€€The€trial€courtÐ 4„ Ðnoted€the€defendantððs€ð ðpretty€good€work€history,ðð€but€obviously€gave€it€little€weight.€€We€find€noÐ  p Ðerror€in€this€determination.€€At€the€time€of€his€sentencing€hearing,€the€defendant€was€employed€atÐ  \ Ða€furniture€store.€€According€to€defendantððs€counsel,€he€was€self„employed€from€1995€to€1999.€€HisÐ øH Ðpresentence€report€shows€that€from€1993€to€1995€he€worked€as€a€deputy€jailer€with€the€CarrollÐ ä4 ÐCounty€Sheriffððs€Department,€and€from€1989€until€1993,€as€a€guard€at€the€Madison€County€PenalÐ Ð  ÐFarm.€€In€our€view,€the€defendantððs€work€history€was€entitled€to€very€little,€if€any,€weight€inÐ ¼  Ðmitigation.€€€Ð ¨ø ÐÌà  àIn€sum,€we€conclude€that€although€enhancement€factor€(16)€was€inappropriately€applied€toÐ €Ð Ðthe€defendantððs€sentence€for€aggravated€assault,€enhancement€factor€(1)€was€applicable€and€entitledÐ l¼ Ðto€great€weight.€€We€further€conclude€that€the€defendantððs€history€of€employment€was€entitled€to€veryÐ X ¨ Ðlittle,€if€any,€weight€in€mitigation.€€The€applicability€of€enhancement€factor€(1),€combined€with€theÐ D!” Ðabsence€of€any€strong€factors€in€mitigation,€justifies€the€enhanced€sentence€of€four€years,€six€months.€Ð 0"€  Ѐ€Ð #l! Ðà  àThe€defendant€also€argues€that€the€trial€court€abused€its€discretion€in€ordering€that€he€beÐ $X" Ðplaced€on€intensive€probation€following€his€release€from€confinement,€and€asks€that€this€courtÐ ô$D # Ðmodify€his€sentence€to€ð ðordinary€supervised€probation.ðð€€As€part€of€the€conditions€of€his€probation,Ð à%0!$ Ðthe€trial€court€ordered,€òòinter€aliaóó,€that€the€defendantòòóó€attend€an€alcohol€counseling€and€treatmentÐ Ì&"% Ðprogram;€participate€in€an€anger€management€class;€and€be€subject€to€a€6:00€p.m.€to€6:00€a.m.Ð ¸'#& Ðcurfew.€€The€record€reflects€that€the€trial€court€considered€the€facts€and€circumstances€of€the€case€andÐ ¤(ô#' Ðthe€defendantððs€history,€including€his€prior€alcohol„related€conviction,€in€ordering€the€specialÐ )à$( Ðconditions€and€terms€of€his€probation.€The€€trial€court€is€granted€broad€discretion€in€its€impositionÐ |*Ì%) Ðof€conditions€of€probation.€€òòSeeóó€Tenn.€Code€Ann.€ðð€40„35„303(d)€(1997);€òòStiller€v.€Stateóó,€516€S.W.2dÐ h+¸&* Ð617,€620€(Tenn.€1974).€Under€the€circumstances€of€this€case,€we€find€no€abuse€of€discretion€by€theÐ ° Ðtrial€court,€and€therefore€decline€to€modify€the€conditions€of€the€defendantððs€probation.€Ð œì ÐÌà@FF%ìàò òòòCONCLUSIONˆÐ tÄ ÐÌà  àóóó óBased€on€the€foregoing€reasoning€and€authorities,€we€affirm€the€judgment€of€the€trial€court.€ò òòòóóó óÐ L œ Ðà  ààHàˆàHàˆÌÌÌÌà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  à___________________________________€Ð è 8  Ðà  àà ` àà ¸ àà  àà h àà À àà  àALAN€E.€GLENN,€JUDGE